UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

OR

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission file number: 001-34065

China Housing & Land Development, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in our charter)

NEVADA	20-1334845
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1008 Liuxue Road, Baqiao District

Xi’an, Shaanxi Province

China 710038

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

86-29-82582638

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year,

if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $ .001 par value per share	NASDAQ Capital Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: none.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.   Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.   Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes  x   No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “accelerated filer, large accelerated filer and smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer  ¨	Accelerated filer  ¨
Non-accelerated filer  ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  ¨    No  x

The number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2013, was 34,682,835 shares. The aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates (18,952,416 shares), based on the closing market price ($1.74 per share) of the common stock as of the last business day of the second quarter of 2013 was $32,977,204.

As of March 24, 2014 the number of shares of the registrant’s classes of common stock outstanding was 34,682,835.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Document	Parts Into Which Incorporated
None	Not applicable

TABLE OF CONTENT

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		1
PART I		2
ITEM 1	BUSINESS	2
ITEM 1A	RISK FACTORS	16
ITEM 1B	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
ITEM 2	PROPERTIES	28
ITEM 3	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS	28
ITEM 4	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES	28
PART II		28
ITEM 5	MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES	28
ITEM 6	SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA	29
ITEM 7	MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS	30
ITEM 7A	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK	42
ITEM 8	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA	42
ITEM 9	CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE	75
ITEM 9A	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES	75
ITEM 9B	OTHER INFORMATION	76
PART III		76
ITEM 10	DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE	76
ITEM 11	EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION	80
ITEM 12	SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS	82
ITEM 13	CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE	83
ITEM 14	PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES	83
PART IV
ITEM 15	EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES	85
SIGNATURES		87

Except as otherwise indicated by the context, references in this Form 10-K to:

“U.S. Dollar,” “$” and “US$” mean the legal currency of the United States of America.

“RMB” means Renminbi, the legal currency of China.

“China” or the “PRC” are references to the People’s Republic of China.

“SEC” is a reference to the Securities & Exchange Commission of the United States of America.

“CHLN”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us” are references to China Housing & Land Development, Inc.

“U.S.” is a reference to the United States of America.

“GFA” means gross floor area.

This report contains additional trade names and trademarks of other companies. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trade names or trademarks to imply an endorsement of us by such companies, or any relationship with any of these companies.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations. When used in this filing, the words believe, may, will, estimate, continue, anticipate, intend, expect, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to the risks discussed under the heading “Risk Factors”. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this annual report may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

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PART I

ITEM 1.  BUSINESS

OUR COMPANY

We are a leading residential developer with a focus on fast growing Tier II and Tier III cities in western China. We are dedicated to providing quality, affordable housing to middle class families. The majority of our customers are first time home buyers and first time up-graders, who, we believe, will benefit from China’s rapid gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth and the middle classes’ corresponding increase in purchasing power.

We commenced our operations in Xi’an in 1999 and have been considered one of the industry leaders and one of the largest private residential developers in the region. We have experienced significant growth in the past 14 years and have developed over 1.5 million square meters of residential projects. Through the utilization of modern design and technology, as well as a strict cost control systems, we are able to offer our customers high quality, cost-effective products. Most of our projects are designed by world-class architecture firms from the United States, Canada and Europe that have introduced advanced “eco” and “green” technologies into our projects.

As we are focusing primarily on the demand from first time home buyers and first time up-graders in western China, the majority of our apartments range in size from 70 square meters to 120 square meters; with such sizes considered to be a stable market section of the residential real estate market in western China. Our typical residential project is approximately 100,000 square meters in size and consists of multiple high-rise, middle-rise and low-rise buildings as well as a community center, commercial units, educational facilities (such as kindergartens) and other auxiliary facilities. In addition, we provide property management services to our developments and have exclusive membership systems for our customers. We typically generate a large portion of our sales through referrals from our existing customers.

We acquire our land reserves and development sites primarily from the local government, open-market auctions, acquisition of old factories from the government. We do not depend on a single method of land acquisition, which enables us to acquire land at reasonable costs and, generally enables us to generate higher returns from our developments. We intend to continue our expansion into other strategically selected cities in western China by leveraging our brand name and scalable business model.

Our Strategies

We are primarily focused on the development, construction, management and sale of residential real estate properties to capitalize on the rising demand for real estate from China’s emerging middle class. We seek to become the market leader in western China and plan to implement the following specific strategies to achieve our goal:

Consolidate through Acquisition and Partnership. Currently, the residential real estate market in western China is fragmented with many small players. We believe that this market fragmentation will provide us with opportunities for acquisitions or partnerships. We believe acquisitions will provide us better leverage in negotiations and better economies of scale.

Expand into Other Tier II and Tier III Cities. We believe our proven business model and expertise can be replicated in other Tier II and Tier III cities, especially in western China. For example, in 2011, we entered into the Ankang city market for a residential project. Furthermore, we have identified certain other cities that possess attractive replication dynamics.

Continue to Focus on the Middle Market. Since the middle class has growing purchasing power and, as a result of prevailing Chinese culture and values, a strong desire to own homes, we believe the demands for residential real estate from the emerging middle class will offer attractive opportunities for the growth of our Company. Thus, we plan to leverage our brand name, experience and design capabilities to meet this middle class demand.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe we have the following competitive strengths that will enable us to compete effectively and to capitalize on the growth opportunities in our market:

Leading position in our market and industry

We are one of the largest private residential real estate developers in western China. We believe that we have strong design and sales capabilities as well as a well-regarded brand name in the region. Due to strong local project experience and long-term relationships with the central and local governments, we have been able to acquire significant land assets at reasonable cost, thereby providing a strong pipeline of potential future business and revenue over the next three to five years.

Attractive market opportunity

The real estate market in western China has grown slower than that of eastern China. We believe the region is well positioned to grow at faster rates for the next few years due to social and economic factors. Our business model has proven to be efficient and we plan to expand into other Tier II and Tier III cities in western China. Our growth strategy is focused on western China, and we believe we will significantly benefit from the Chinese government’s “Go West” policy, which encourages economic development in and population movement to western China.

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Unique and proven business model

Due to strong local project experience and long-term working relationships with the central and local governments, we generally have been able to acquire land assets at prices more reasonable than those obtained by our competitors. We are primarily focused on capitalizing on rising demand for properties from China’s emerging middle class, which has significant purchasing power and a strong demand for residential housing. In order to leverage our brand to appeal to the middle class, we use various advertising media to market our property developments and to reach our target demographic, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, e-marketing and outdoor billboards. We believe that our brand is widely recognized in our market and is known for high quality products at cost-effective prices.

Experienced management team

We have an experienced management team with a proven track record of developing and expanding our operations. Our four primary officers have more than 70 years of experience developing residential properties. As a result, we have developed extensive core competencies that are supplemented by in-house training and development programs. We believe that our management’s core competencies, extensive industry experience and long-term vision and strategy will enable us to effectively realize growth opportunities.

Greater access to financing through multiple channels

We enjoy multiple long-term relationships with a number of high quality Chinese banks and these relationships ensure timely access to capital. Our loan facilities are mainly used for development projects and the day to day operation of our business. Besides traditional banks, we also work with other financial institutions, such as trust companies and real estate funds to diversity our funding channels and risks.

Corporate History

We are a Nevada company and conduct substantially all of our business through our operating subsidiaries in China. We were incorporated in the state of Nevada on July 6, 2004, as Pacific Northwest Productions Inc. On May 5, 2006, we changed our name to China Housing & Land Development, Inc. Currently we own 8 operating subsidiaries, 3 Hong Kong Special Purpose Vehicles (“SPV”) and 3 British Virgin Island holding companies (“BVI”). The BVI companies and Hong Kong SPVs are used as holding companies.

On April 21, 2006, we acquired 100% of the shares of Xi’an Tsining Housing Development Co., Ltd (“Tsining”) through a share purchase agreement.

On March 9, 2007, we acquired 100% of the shares of Xi’an New Land Development Co., Ltd. (“New Land”).

On November 5, 2008, the Company and Prax Capital entered into a Joint Venture agreement to set up Puhua (Xi’an) Real Estate Development Co., Ltd (“Puhua”). On May 10, 2010, the Company signed an Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement with Prax Capital which became effective on January 1, 2010. The Company was committed to redeeming Prax Capital’s investment. Thus, the Company acquired 100% ownership of Puhua in 2010.

On January 20, 2009, we signed an equity purchase agreement with the shareholders of Xi’an Xinxing Property Management Co., Ltd. (“Xinxing Property”) and acquired 100% ownership of Xinxing Property.

On January 15, 2010, we acquired 100% ownership of Suodi Co., Ltd., (“Suodi”).

On March 31, 2010, we incorporated Xinxing Fangzhou Housing Development Co., Ltd., (“Fangzhou”).

On October 1, 2010, we acquired 100% shares of Xinxing Construction Co., Ltd, (“Xinxing Construction”).

On July 28, 2011, we established Ankang Xinxing Jiyuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Jiyuan”).

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BUSINESS

Overview

We are a leading real estate development company headquartered in Xi’an doing business primarily in the western part of China. As such, we focus on real estate development opportunities in that region.

Through our subsidiaries located in China, we are engaged in the development, construction, sale and management of residential and commercial real estate units, as well as land development in Shaanxi province, China. Tsining has completed a number of significant real estate development projects in Xi’an. Through Tsining, we will continue to expand our business into other developing urban markets in western China.

Since its inception, our business model has proven to be efficient and profitable. We divide each project into five deployment phases, spanning from land acquisition to after sale services.

Our average project development lasts over two years and begins to provide us with revenues after three quarters.

Land Acquisition

To date, we have successfully acquiried land from many sources including open market auctions, co-development with local governments and through the acquisition of distressed assets, such as bankrupt factories. We have achieved this as a result of our long-term relationships with the central and local governments. We rarely engage in open bidding for land.

Planning & Design

We work with world class architecture firms for most of our projects and maintain an in-house design team to supplement projects with our significant local knowledge. We also deploy advanced cost control system and an enterprise resource planning systems, which enables us to monitor and analyze our construction costs and progress on a daily basis.

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Construction

We acquired Xinxing Construction on October 1, 2010. Through ownership of our own construction arm, we can better guarantee our customers to receive high quality housing products. We can also enhance our cost control procedures in monitoring the construction process and thereby increase our margins. Furthermore, we can maintain our strong track record of providing quality products on-time.

Marketing & Pre-Sales

We initiate our pre-sales process once we finish foundation construction and receive the requisite pre-sales permits from the government – our sales efforts are partly outsourced to external professionals. Currently, we work with well-known sales agents, such as E-House and World Union Properties, which ranked number 1 and 2 in China, respectively. Pre-sales provide us with cash inflow and many of our projects become cash flow positive within nine months.

After Sales Service

We always follow-up with our customers after a sale to foster good and lasting relationships as well as to help secure future recommendations. We also have a wholly-owned property management company which performs integrated after-sales services, such as maintenance.

Corporate Information

In October 2012, we moved to a new office building located at 1008 Liuxue Road, Baqiao District, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is (86-29) 8258-2638 and our fax number is (86-29) 8258-2640.

Investor inquiries should be directed to us at the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices set forth above. Our website is http://www.chldinc.com.

Our Industry

We focus primarily on the development, construction, sale and management of residential real estate properties in order to provide affordable housing to middle class consumers in western China. Our target demographic primarily consists of first time purchasers and first time up-graders. Our current development projects are located in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, in the PRC. We have expanded into Ankang, a Tier III city in Shaanxi Province, and we will continue our expansion into other Tier II and Tier III cities in western China.

Industry Overview

In early 2000, the Chinese real estate industry started to transition towards a market-oriented system. Although the Chinese government still owns all of the urban land in China, land use rights, with terms of up to 70 years, can be granted to, and owned or leased by, private individuals and companies. A large and active market in the private sector has developed for sales and transfers of land use rights that were initially granted by the Chinese government. All property units built on such land belongs to private developers for the period indicated. The recent transition in the real estate industry’s structure in China has fostered the development of real estate-related businesses, such as property development, property management and real estate agencies.

The significant growth of the Chinese economy during the past decade has led to a significant expansion of the real estate industry. This expansion has been supported by other factors, including increasing urbanization, growing personal wealth, as well as the emergence of the mortgage lending market. Meanwhile, culturally, as real estate is the most important asset to many Chinese families, it attracts serious attention from the government. Thus, the Chinese government has imposed a series of policies intended to help the real estate industry to grow in a rational and healthy fashion. The following table sets forth selected statistics for the overall real estate industry in mainland China for the periods indicated.

Source: China Statistic Year Book (all government data is based on calendar year)

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With the advent of the global financial crisis in second half of 2008, the Chinese government instituted a number of measures designed to enhance the real estate industry and stimulate the economy. However, the average selling price of real estate increased dramatically and, in the second half of 2009, the government had to undertake measure to curb real estate prices.

Government Policies

Starting in April 2010, the Chinese central government introduced a number of polices to restrain housing prices from irrational increases. These polices mainly included differentiating mortgage purchases interest rates among first, and second home buyers (first time up-graders) and speculators, limiting housing demand by restricting housing purchases by non-resident buyers, increasing land supply and taxation measures.

On the demand side, the Chinese central government took the following measures to reduce total demand in the real estate market: Since April 2010, the Chinese central government increased the mortgage rates for second home buyers to 110% of the benchmark rates and ceased approving third home mortgages. The down payments amount for second time home purchasers was also increased to up to 50% of the home cost. Further, though varied by city, most Tier I and Tier II cities forbade non -resident home purchases and resident third time home purchases in order to restrict speculation. In addition, a 20% capital gains tax will be collected for secondary housing transactions on real estate properties with a holding period of less than five years. A property tax was applied in Shanghai and Chongqing and will be expanded to cover more cities with large housing stocks.

On the supply side, according to the China Ministry of Land and Resources, land supply for residential development was planned to increase to 2000 million square meters during 2013, an increase of 15.9% compared with actual land supply in 2011. Social housing construction will accelerate to increase the housing supplies for first time home buyers.

Apart from adjusting supply and demand, the central government required local governments to take certain measures to prevent real estate average selling prices (ASP) from increasing too fast as compared to local GDP growth rates or local income growth rates.

During 2013, the Chinese real estate industry continued to be heavily influenced by government policies designed to create rational and healthy real estate industry growth.

Although heavily regulated, the Chinese real estate industry still has strong fundamentals.

Growth Drivers

Western China

We believe the residential real estate industry is well positioned to grow at comparable rates to economy growth for the next few years due to social, economic and government stimulus-related factors. Key growth drivers include the following:

• “Go West” policy. The “Go West” policy encourages economic development in and population movement to western China, which includes 6 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 1 municipality. These areas comprise 56% of mainland China’s land but only approximately 23% of its population. The policy was issued in 1999, and the plan is divided into 3 phases. Phase I (2001-2010) includes the development of infrastructure (transport, hydropower plants, energy, and telecommunications), enticement of foreign investment, increased ecological protection efforts (such as reforestation), promotion of education, and retention of talent that would otherwise flow to more affluent provinces. Based on improved infrastructure, strategic structuring, and system development from Phase I, Phase II (2011-2030) will foster specialized industry and further facilitate economic growth from industrialization and marketization, etc. Phase III (2031-2050) will further improve living standards for all the residents of western China, especially people in remote areas. As a result, significant foreign and domestic investments in Xi’an and throughout western China are set to support the growth of middle class incomes.

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Source: China Statistic Year Book (all government data is based on calendar year)

• Increasing Urbanization in China. The strong demand for residential properties is also driven, in part, by increasing urbanization. The urban population in China has grown significantly over the past 10 years, creating higher demand for housing in many cities. In 2013, China’s urbanization rate surpassed 52%, reaching 53.73%. The central government reiterated the importance of urbanization stimulation in early 2013. The table set forth below shows China’s urban population, total population and urbanization rates.

• New urbanization trends of population to the West. The urbanization rate in Tier II cities is higher than the total population growth of China. Over 300 million urban new comers are expected to need housing in the next two decades. According to data from the Xi’an Statistical Bureau, in 2013 the population of Xi’an was 8.59 million, and the urbanization rate was 72.1%. The government predicts the population will increase to 10.7 million and the urbanization rate will reach 80% in 2020.

Source: National Bureau of Statistics.

• China’s Rapidly Growing Middle-Class Population. China’s current population stands at over 1.3 billion and is expected to reach 1.4 billion by 2026. The middle-class is the fastest growing segment of the population with 130 million people in 2006 and is expected to grow to 500 million by 2026. The middle class is currently defined as house-holds with an annual income of between $6,000 and $25,000, with housing the number one expense category. Rapid urbanization and growth in consumer spending coupled with significant growth in disposable income per capita in urban areas (almost tripled from 2005 to 2012) and low levels of home ownership compared to western countries make the middle class a massive driver of the future growth in the Chinese real estate market.

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Source: Global Demographics, PRC State Council Development Research Center and National Bureau of Statistics.

Type of Cities in China

According to Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China had 118 cities with populations of over 1 million as of the end of 2008. These cities are divided into three categories/tiers.

There are significant differences distinguishing Tier I cities from Tier II and Tier III cities in China:

Tier I

A group of four cities, located near the East Coast of China, compose the group of Tier I cities: Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. These cities are more urbanized and have higher GDPs per capita than Tier II and Tier III cities. The residential real estate prices in Tier I cities was skyrocketing and these price increases in these markets are the catalyst for many government policy changes. These cities have been targets of restrictive government policies.

Tier II

There are over 20 cities viewed as Tier II cities that have populations over 5 million people. The demand for real estate in Tier II cities is strong. Industrial expansion and improved infrastructure will support continued urbanization and fuel the growth of the real estate sector in these cities. However, we do see speculation and high housing prices in many tier II cities, and restrictive policies are enforced in tier II cities.

Tier III

Tier III cities are seldom affected by restrictive policies. Demand in such cities is great and mainly from first time home buyers who are encouraged by government policies. However, we do see increased competition in these cities as more developers expand into these cities to take advantage of the relatively fewer restrictive policies.

Typically, housing is affordable for consumers in Tier II and Tier III cities compared to Tier I cities. Disposable income in Tier II and Tier III cities has increased faster than real estate prices.

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Source: Bureau of Statistics of the above cities

Economic Developments

Rapid economic growth in eastern China has made Tier I cities more mature, making Tier II and Tier III cities a viable alternative for companies looking to reduce their costs. This has subsequently caused movement towards these Tier II and Tier III cities. Multinational corporations have been expanding out of mega cities along the east coast of China, into neighboring and inland cities. Intel, for example, opened a development center in Chengdu, while the Liberty Mutual Group, the U.S. insurance giant, has chosen Chongqing for its Chinese headquarters. Unilever relocated its Chinese headquarters from Shanghai to the neighboring province of Hefei due to the lower labor and land costs as well as the city’s strategic location.

The Chinese government has also been instrumental in stimulating regional growth by designating certain Tier II regions as priority zones. These actions are benefitting Xi’an, our primary market.

City of Xi’an

Background

Xi’an served as the capital of China during 13 dynasties (from West Zhou in 1066 BC to Tang in 907 AD) and is well known for its Terracotta Army and other famous historic landmarks. Today, the city’s economic leadership is derived from its high-tech, pharmaceutical, national defense, aerospace, tourism, and advanced education industries. The PRC government’s “Go West” policy has designated Xi’an as the regional economic hub of western China. To further encourage western China’s development, the central government plans to establish the Central Shaanxi Plain Economic Region that will help enable the free flow of people, skills, capital, and trade amongst the western provinces. Xi’an, as the economic center of western China, will play a unique leadership role among the western Tier II cities.

Xi’an is becoming an international city that boasts a large and educated work force. The city has China’s third largest university-educated workforce, making it a hotbed for research & development (“R&D”), high-tech manufacturing and information technology (“IT”) solutions. Xi’an has begun to attract high-tech companies, including IBM, Applied Materials, Micron Technology, and Infineon. Applied Materials, for example, selected Xi’an for its $255 million phase one R&D center that will design and develop equipment for semiconductor chip manufacturing. In addition, Micron Technology has invested $250 million in Xi’an for packaging and testing of semiconductor chips, and GE established its China innovation center in Xi’an in 2011.

China has announced its intention to become a world-class center for information technology R&D, production, outsourcing and services to in order rival and perhaps surpass the success of India’s IT industry. Xi’an, having been designated by the government as one of five China “Outsourcing Bases”, is expected to play an important role in that effort. Similar to Bangalore and Hyderabad in India, the Xi’an local government is carving out a niche in IT outsourcing by creating the 400,000 square-meter Xi’an Software Park (the “Park”). The Park has already attracted top software and technology companies, including IBM, which is the government’s joint venture partner in creating the Park. Sybase, SPSS, Nortel, and NEC are already operating in the Park.

The Xi’an local government has laid out a master plan through the year 2020 to foster economic transformation and urbanization. For example, Xi’an is now limiting development in the city’s famous historical “Gated Wall City” (or “Inner Ring”), which will be revamped primarily for tourism. The city plans to relocate about 450,000 residents from the Inner Ring to the second, third, and fourth rings of the city and beyond. One of the most ambitious plans is the development of a new satellite city in the Baqiao district, about eight kilometers from Xi’an’s city center. The Xi’an local government is developing the Baqiao district into the “First Water City of the West”, complete with high-end residential properties and hotels, international convention centers and a high-tech industry center. The new urban area will be home to 900,000 middle-to-upper income residents, to firms in industries that include R&D, services and high-tech, and to the potential headquarters for the Chinese operations of multinational corporations.

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Emerging as an International City

Xi’an has been designated by the PRC government to be one of three international cities in China along with Beijing and Shanghai. Thus, Xi’an’s local government has been proactive in enhancing the city’s international image by hosting world class events like the Euro-Asia Economic Forum every second year and the Formula One Powerboat World Championship. To attract international tourists, Xi’an is leveraging its famous historical and cultural significance. Xi’an has revamped its tourism infrastructure in numerous ways, including the redevelopment of the famous Terracotta Army historical park. It also has selected China’s largest construction company to build a RMB 20 billion ($3 billion) theme park and residential and commercial redevelopment project on the grounds of the famous Da Ming Gong Palace that was built 1,300 years ago during the Tang Dynasty. The city has also built out infrastructure to attract international travelers and, in turn, is drawing large foreign retailers. Several large retailers have entered Xi’an, including Wal-Mart, Carrefour, and Metro of Germany. Xi’an’s historic mystique and economic potential have also lured top luxury brands, including Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Prada and Versace to open outlets in the city.

Xi’an Real Estate Market

Strong fundamentals

During 2013, the GDP of Xi’an increased 11.1% to RMB 488.4 billion (US$79.4 billion). Average urban disposable income increased to RMB 33,100 (US$5,384), a real increase of 10.4% compared with that of 2012. Real estate investment in 2013 totaled RMB 159.6 billion (US$25.96 billion), an increase of 24.5%.

We believe that demographic and economic factors, including the emerging high-tech industries and the increasing influx of foreign capital will stimulate Xi’an’s future growth. In 2012, the Xi’an population was 8.6 million people; the average urban living area per person was 33 square meters. Despite the solid economic growth and rising housing demand, average real estate prices in Xi’an are still less than half of those in the mega cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen.

Xi’an: Growing, leading, and still affordable

In conjunction with its role as the economic hub of western China, Xi’an’s disposable income per capita has increased significantly over the past several years, as shown below. However, compared with other cities, Xi’an’s housing is relatively affordable.

In conjunction with its role as the economic hub of western China, Xi’an’s disposable income per capita has increased significantly over the past several years, as shown below. However, compared with other cities, Xi’an’s housing is relatively affordable.

Source: NBS, Xi’an Bureau of Statistics, CEIC

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2013Real estate market impacted by government policies

During 2013, the central government continued restrictive policies on the real estate market to tighten real estate market regulation. Most cities saw slower real estate investment, stable or reduced transaction volumes and average selling prices, and some cities even experienced reduced average selling prices. Through enforcement of affordable housing investment, the central government intended to restructure the real estate market in China.

As a Tier II city, Xi’an implemented all the restrictive policies required by the central government. In November of 2013, Xi’an’s local government put forward new fourteen regulations to strengthen the management of the pre-sale activities in Xi’an real estate market. However, compared with other tier I and tier II cities, Xi’an’s restrictive policies were characterized as fairly mild.

2013 Xi’an Market update

Overall, the restrictive policies resulted in lower transaction volumes during the year. According to E-House (China), Xi’an’s transaction volume reached 11.7 million square meters in 2013, representing a 1% decrease as compared with that of 2012. Average selling price increased by 1% to RMB 6,893 per square meter.

According to a Chinese Real Estate Investment Council’s (the “CRIC”) research report, the supply outpaced the demand in Xi’an’s real estate market in 2013. Generally, under rebounding demand and restrictive policies, Xi’an real estate market was stable in both transaction volume and average selling price.

2014 Xi’an Real Estate Market Outlook

We believe that these government policies will still play an important role in Xi’an’s real estate market. The central government will continue restrictive policies and tighten credit policies, but the local government will take certain measures to boost local GDP and local government fiscal revenue. Additionally, we saw customer hesitation created by government policies starting to decline with increased demand from first time home buyers. In general we believe the real estate market in Xi’an will be stable in 2014.

City of Ankang and Ankang Real Estate Market

Ankang city is located 260 kilometers to the south of Xi’an, has a population of over 2.6 million. Real Estate in Ankang is much less subject to restrictive policies compared with tier I and tier II cities. Real estate purchases in Ankang are mainly from first time home buyers. During 2013, the average selling price of real estate in Ankang was about RMB 4,584 (US$746) per square meter, compared with RMB 6,893 (US$1,138) in Xi’an. Given the lower cost of labor and materials, real estate development in Ankang could achieve around 20% gross margins, which is lower than the historical level as projects we have completed in Xi’an because of the low selling price in Ankang.

Competitive Landscape

The real estate development business in China is organized into four levels under the structure of the “Qualification Certificate for Real Estate Development Enterprises”. The starting level is Level 4 (see table below). A company may climb the scale to participate in larger projects. However, only one level may be ascended per year. We attained Level 1 status under the Chinese Ministry of Construction licensing policy in December 2009.

	Registered Capital (million)		Experience (years)		Developed Area (square feet)
Level 1	US$	6.25		5		3,229,278
Level 2	US$	2.5		3		1,614,639
Level 3	US$	1		2		538,213
Level 4	US$	0.125		1		N/A

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On the national level, there are numerous Level 1 companies involved in real estate projects across China (to develop in multiple regions a Level 1 status is required). There are 180 housing and land development companies listed on the Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hong Kong Stock Exchanges. We continued to see increased competition in the Xi’an real estate market. According to E-house (China), during 2012, the top 10 real estate companies accounted for 34% of the total market, compared with 33% and 27% in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Most of these companies are national players, but we are aware of three companies in Xi’an which could be considered to be our direct competitors in the small to medium sized project sector:

Xi’an Tande co., ltd. (Level 1) (“Tande”) is one of the largest real estate developers in Xi’an. Tande is a state-owned enterprise that was established in May 1991 and was subsequently listed on the Shanghai Exchange in 2006. Tande generally undertakes larger scale projects and has expanded its business into Shengzhen, Suzhou, Shanghai and Tianjin. As Tande is state-owned, it needs to complete a certain amount of government projects including building public spaces and infrastructure. These requirements can negatively impact Tande’s profitability.

Xi’an Titan Real Estate co., ltd (Level 1) (“Titan”) was established in 2001 and mainly operates in Xi’an. The company has nine projects on sale and two projects in the planning phase in Xi’an. The company has recently entered Chengdu, Jinan, Kunshan and Nanjing.

Xi’an Ziwei Development Company (Level 1) (“Ziwei”) is a state-owned enterprise that was established in 1999. This company has completed eight projects and has eight projects currently under development. Since Ziwei is controlled by the Xi’an High-Tech Zone Government, most of Ziwei’s developments are located in the northwest section of Xi’an city.

Our Projects

Projects Under Construction

Project Name	Type of Projects	Actual or Estimated Construction Period	Actual or Estimated Pre-sale Commencement Date	Total Site Area (m2 )		Total Gross Floor Area (m2 )		Sold GFA by December 31, 2013 (m2 )
Puhua Phase Two-East Region	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q2/2010 – Q3/2015	Q2/2010		38,447		119,311		23,814
Ankang Project	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q2/2012 - Q3/2015	Q4/2012		74,820		243,152		66,739
Park Plaza	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q1/2012 - Q2/2015	Q1/2013		44,250		107,060		46,441
Puhua Phase Three	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q2/2012 – Q3/2015	Q1/2013		30,600		129,049		66,149

Project name	Total Number of Units		Number of Units sold by December 31, 2013		Estimated Revenue ($ millions)		Contracted Revenue by December 31, 2013 ($ millions)		Recognized Revenue by December 31, 2013 ($ millions)
Puhua Phase Two-East Region		921		502		126.2		23.5		17.6
Ankang Project		2,121		486		206.3		32.5		18.1
Park Plaza		694		451		140.8		69.8		62.6
Puhua Phase Three		1,899		544		116.1		55.9		39.9

Puhua Phase Two-East Region: East Region consists of 8 residential buildings and 3 commercial buildings. Total estimated revenue of Puhua Phase Two – East Region is $126.2 million. Total GFA of the project is expected to reach 119,311 square meters. Puhua Phase Two – West Region was completed in the fourth quarter of 2012 and New Coast Line was completed in the fourth quarter of 2013.

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Ankang Project: The Ankang project is located in Ankang city, which is approximately 260 kilometers south of Xi’an in China’s Shaanxi Province. The project consists of residential buildings and a commercial area. Construction started in the second quarter of 2012, and presales started in the fourth quarter of 2012, but because it did not meet revenue recognition criteria, we were unable to recognize any revenue until the first quarter of 2013. Total GFA of the project is expected to reach 243,152 square meters. Total projected revenue is estimated to be $206.3 million.

Park Plaza: In July 2009, the Company entered into a Letter of Intent to acquire 44,250 square meters of land in the center of Xi’an for the Park Plaza project. In March 2011, the Company officially acquired the land use right for Park Plaza. The Company intends to develop a large mid-upper income residential and commercial project on this site, with a gross floor area of 149,822 square meters. The four-year construction of Park Plaza started in the second quarter 2012. We have started revenue recognition since the first quarter of 2013. The total revenue from Park Plaza is estimated to be $140.8million.

Puhua Phase Three: Puhua Phase Three project covers 30,600 square meters with a total GFA of 128,918 square meters. We have started pre-sale of Puhua Phase Three during the first quarter of 2013 and started recognizing revenues based on the percentage of completion method.

Projects Under Planning and in Process

Project Name	Type of Projects	Estimated Construction Period	Estimated Pre-sale Commencement	Total Site Area (m2 )		Total GFA (m2)		Total Number of Units
Baqiao New Development Zone	Land Development	2009- 2020	N/A		N/A		N/A	N/A
Puhua Phase Four	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q3/2013 – Q2/2016	Q1/2014		61,087		263,833	N/A
Golden Bay	Multi-Family residential &Commercial	Q3/2013 – Q2/2015	Q3/2014		146,099		250,000	N/A
Textile City	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q3/2014 - Q3/2018	Q1/2015		433,014		630,000	N/A

Baqiao New Development Zone: On March 9, 2007, we entered into a Share Transfer Agreement with the shareholders of Xi’an New Land Development Co., Ltd. (“New Land”), under which the Company acquired 32,000,000 shares of New Land, constituting 100% equity ownership of New Land. This acquisition gave the Company the exclusive right to develop and sell 487 acres of land in a newly designated satellite city of Xi’an (the “Baqiao Project”).

Xi’an has designated the Baqiao District as a major resettlement zone where the city expects 900,000 middle to upper income inhabitants to settle. The Xi’an local government intends to create a thriving commercial and residential zone similar to Pudong, Shanghai, which has provided many new economic opportunities and significant amounts of housing for Shanghai’s growing population.

The Xi’an municipal government plans investments of RMB 50 billion (over $7.6 billion) in infrastructure in the Baqiao New Development Zone. The construction of a large-scale public wetland park is well underway. It will enhance the natural environment adjacent to China Housing’s Baqiao Project.

Through our New Land subsidiary, we sold 31 acres to another developer in 2007 and generated about $24.41 million in revenue.

In 2008, we established a joint venture with Prax Capital Real Estate Holdings Limited (“Prax Capital”) to develop 79 acres within the Baqiao Project, which will be the first phase of the Baqiao Project’s development. Prax Capital invested $29.3 million in the joint venture. As of December 31, 2012, the Company has bought out Prax’s investment.

In December 2010, we signed a preliminary contract with the government disclosing our intention to acquire an additional 107 acre tract of land of Textile City. The Company has not acquired the land use right because the government is clearing the land and otherwise making the land sellable. It is common practice in China for the government to clear all the existing buildings and move all existing residences prior to selling a tract of land. However, because we signed the preliminary land acquisition agreement with the government, the Company has first priority to purchase the land. We estimate that we may obtain the land use rights for this piece of land during the second half of 2014.

In December 2013 and March 2014, the Company acquired the land of Golden Bay A and Golden Bay B projects, which were 17.5 and 17.1 acres, respectively.

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After selling 31 acres, placing 79 acres in the Puhua project and 34.6 acres in the Golden Bay project and setting aside 29.7 acres for Textile City, approximately 313 acres remain available for the Company to develop in the Baqiao area. The Company has a $59.2 million deposit on land use rights as of December 31, 2013. The Company intends to utilize this deposit to offset the actual acquisition price of the land use rights of the 17.1 acres for Golden Bay B, the 29.7 acres for Textile City.

However, the actual acquisition price for these land use rights will be determined at the time of the actual land use right acquisition by negotiating with the government. The Company will pay for any additional amount in excess of the $59.2 million deposit according to the final bidding price.

Pursuant to an exclusive development right agreement, the government is obligated to sell the land to the Company.

Puhua Phase Four: Puhua Phase Four covers 61,087 square meters with a total GFA of 263,833 square meters. Construction started in the third quarter of 2013, and we expect to begin accepting pre-sale purchase agreements in the first quarter of 2014.

Golden Bay: The Golden Bay project is located within the Baqiao project, with a total GFA of 250,000 square meters. The Golden Bay project will consist of residential buildings as well as a commercial area. Construction was started in the third quarter of 2013, and we expect to begin accepting pre-sale purchase agreements in the third quarter of 2014. The Company has obtained the land use right from the government in December 2013 and March 2014. Total price of the land was RMB 420 million ($69.4 million).

Textile City: The Textile City project is located within the Baqiao New Development Zone. The project consists of residential buildings and a commercial area. The land will be obtained in the second half of 2014 and construction is expected to start in the fourth quarter of 2014, and the entire project will take five years.

Major Completed Projects with Units Available for Sale

Project name	Type of Projects	Completion Date	Total Site Area (m2 )		Total GFA (m2 )		Total Number of Units (a)		Number of Units sold by December 31,  2013 (a)
Puhua Phase Two-West Region	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q4/2012		53,595		100,450		666		657
Puhua Phase One	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q4/2012		47,600		137,137		858		843
JunJing III	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q4/2012		8,094		52,220		531		531
JunJing II Phase One	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q4/2009		39,524		142,214		1,215		1,211
JunJing I	Multi-Family residential & Commercial	Q3/2006		55,588		167,931		1,671		1,668

a. The number of units here only include residential units and excludes commercial part and parking lot.

Puhua Phase One:Puhua Phase One is one of Puhua’s four phases. The project was completed in the fourth quarter of 2012. As of December 31 ,2013, we have recognized $110 million in revenue.

Puhua Phase Two – West Region and New Coastal Line: Puhua Phase Two – West Region consists of four buildings. The region was completed in the fourth quarter of 2012 and New Coast Line was completed in the fourth quarter of 2013. As of December 31, 2013, we have recognized $109.4 million in revenue.

Junjing III: Junjing III is located near our Junjing II project and the city expressway. It has a GFA of about 52,220 square meters. The project consists of three high rise buildings, each 28 to 30 stories high. The project is targeting middle to high income customers who require a high quality living environment and convenient transportation to the city center. We started construction during the fourth quarter of 2010 and pre-sales began during the fourth quarter of 2011. The project was completed in the fourth quarter of 2012. As of December 31, 2013, we have recognized $52.5 million in revenue.

Junjing II Phase One: We started the construction of Junjing II Phase One in the third quarter of 2007 and started the pre-sale campaign in the second quarter of 2007. The project was completed in December 2009 and generated total revenue of $100.8 million.

Junjing I: 369 North Jinhua Road, Xi’an. That is the first “German” style residential & commercial community in Xi’an, designed by the world-famous WSP architectural firm. Its target customers were local middle income families. The project has 15 residential apartment buildings consisting of 1,671 one to five bedroom apartments. The project features secured parking, cable TV, hot water, heating systems, and access to natural gas. Total GFA is 167,931 square meters. Junjing I is also a commercial venture that houses small businesses serving the needs of Junjing I residents and surrounding residential communities. The project was completed in September 2006.

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Sales and Marketing

Pre-Sales and Sales

In China, developers typically start to market and offer properties before construction is completed. Under PRC pre-sales regulations, property developers must satisfy specific conditions before they can pre-sell properties that are under construction. These mandatory conditions include:

• the land premium must have been paid in full;

• the land use rights certificate, the construction site planning permit, the construction work planning permit and the construction permit must have been obtained;

• at least 25% of the total project development cost must have been incurred;

• the progress and the expected completion and delivery date of the construction must be fixed;

• the pre-sale permit must have been obtained; and

• the completion of certain milestones in the construction process, which have been specified by the local government authorities, must occur.

These mandatory conditions require a certain level of capital expenditure and substantial progress in project construction before commencement of pre-sales. Developers are required to file all pre-sale contracts with the local land bureaus and real estate administrations after entering into such contracts.

We benefit from a strong sales and marketing platform which is complemented by the efforts of professional third party sales agents. As we strive to develop lasting relationships with our customers, the majority of our sales are generated by recommendations from existing customers. The new sales initiatives of our sales department generate approximately 60% of our total sales. More than 80% of our customers are first time home buyers.

After-sale Services and Delivery

We assist customers in arranging financing as well as in various title registration procedures related to their properties. We have also set up an ownership certificate team to assist purchasers in obtaining property ownership certificates.

We closely monitor the progress of construction of our property projects and conduct pre-delivery property inspections to ensure timely delivery of a high quality product. The time frame for delivery is set out in the sale and purchase agreements we enter into with our customers and we are subject to penalty payments to the purchasers for any delays in delivery caused by us. Once a property development has been completed and has passed the requisite government inspections, we will notify our customers and hand over their keys as well as possession of their properties.

We operate a wholly owned property management company that manages our properties and their ancillary facilities. We frequently follow-up with our customers after the sale to foster good and lasting relationships as well as future referrals.

Marketing

As of December 31, 2013, we maintain a marketing and sales force for our development projects with 24 professionals specializing in marketing and sales. We also train and use outside real estate agents to market and increase the public awareness of our products and our brand. However, we primarily let our own sales force represent our brand and our projects rather than rely on third-party brokers or agents as we believe our own dedicated sales representatives are better motivated to serve our customers and to control the pricing and selling expenses of our properties.

Quality Control

We utilize various quality controls to ensure that our buildings and residential units meet high standards. Through our contractors, we provide customers with warranties covering the building structure as well as certain fittings and facilities of our property developments in accordance with the relevant regulations. To ensure construction quality, our construction contracts contain quality warranties and penalty provisions for poor work quality. We do not allow contractors to subcontract or transfer their contractual obligations to third parties. We typically withhold 5% of the agreed construction fees for two to five years after completion of the construction as a deposit against any construction quality issues. This deposit helps to incentivize contractors to deliver a quality product.

Governmental and environmental Regulations

To date, we have been compliant with all registrations and requirements for the issuance and maintenance of all licenses required by the applicable governing authorities in China. These licenses include:

• “Qualification Certificate for Real Estate Development” authorized by the Shaanxi Construction Bureau, effective from April 3, 2013 to December 20, 2015. License No: JianKaiQi (2006) 603. The Company has applied for the renewal of the qualification and is waiting for the approval from the government and the Company is confident in obtaining the renewal. The housing and land development process is regulated by the Ministry of Construction and authorized by the local offices of the Ministry. Each development project must obtain the following licenses:

Ø “License for Construction Area Planning” and “License for Construction Project Planning”, authorized by Xi’an Bureau of Municipal Design; and

Ø “Building Permit” authorized by the Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction.

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After construction is complete, the project must meet certain standards in order to obtain a validation certificate. These standards are regulated by the local Ministry of Construction Bureau.

Housing and land development sales companies are regulated by the Ministry of Land & Natural Resources and are authorized by the local office of the Ministry. Each project has to be authorized and must obtain a “Commercial License for Housing Sale” from the Real Estate Bureau.

Employees

As of December 31, 2013, we had 677 employees.

We believe we have a good working relationship with our employees. We are not party to any collective bargaining agreements. At present, no significant change in our staffing is expected over the next 12 months. All employees are eligible for performance-based compensation.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

An investment in our securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below and the other information in this prospectus before purchasing any of our securities. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties may also adversely impair our business operations. If any of the events described in the risk factors below actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer significantly. In such case, the value of your investment could decline and you may lose all or part of the money you paid to buy our securities.

In addition to other matters identified or described by us from time to time in filings with the SEC, there are several important factors that could cause our future results to differ materially from historical results or trends, results anticipated or planned by us, or results that are reflected from time to time in any forward-looking statement. Some of these important factors, but not necessarily all important factors, include the following:

Risks Related to Our Business

Our home sales and operating revenues could decline due to macro-economic and other factors outside of our control, such as changes in consumer confidence and declines in employment levels.

Changes in national and regional economic conditions, as well as local economic conditions where the Company conducts its operations and where prospective purchasers of its homes live, may result in more caution on the part of homebuyers and consequently fewer home purchases. These economic uncertainties involve, among other things, conditions of supply and demand in local markets and changes in consumer confidence and income, employment levels, and government regulations. These risks and uncertainties could periodically have an adverse effect on consumer demand for and the pricing of our homes, which could cause our operating revenues to decline. In addition, builders are subject to various risks, many of them outside the control of the homebuilder including competitive overbuilding, availability and cost of building lots, materials and labor, adverse weather conditions, cost overruns, changes in government regulations, and increases in real estate taxes and other local government fees. A reduction in our revenues could in turn negatively affect the market price of our securities.

An increase in mortgage interest rates or the unavailability of mortgage financing may reduce consumer demand for the Company’s homes.

Virtually all purchasers of our homes finance their acquisitions through lenders providing mortgage financing. A substantial increase in mortgage interest rates or unavailability of mortgage financing would adversely affect the ability of prospective homebuyers to obtain the financing they would need in order to purchase our homes, as well as adversely affect the ability of prospective upgrading homebuyers to sell their current homes. For example, if mortgage financing becomes less available, demand for our homes could decline. A reduction in demand could also have an adverse effect on the pricing of our homes because we and our competitors may reduce prices in an effort to better compete for home buyers. Price reductions could result in a decline in our revenues and in our margins.

We could experience a reduction in home sales and revenues or reduced cash flows if we are unable to obtain reasonably priced financing to support our homebuilding and land development activities.

The real estate development industry is capital intensive, and development requires significant up-front expenditures to acquire land and begin development. Accordingly, we incur substantial indebtedness to finance our homebuilding and land development activities. Although we believe that internally generated funds and current borrowing capacity will be sufficient to fund our capital and other expenditures (including land acquisition, development and construction activities), the amounts available from such sources may not be adequate to meet our needs. If such sources are not sufficient, we would seek additional capital in the form of debt or equity financing from a variety of potential sources, including bank financings and securities offerings. Our ability to secure sufficient financing for land use rights acquisition and property development depends on a number of factors that are beyond our control, including market conditions in the capital markets, investors’ perception of our securities, lenders’ perception of our creditworthiness, the PRC economy and the PRC government regulations that affect the availability and cost of financing for real estate companies. Furthermore, the availability of borrowed funds to be utilized for land acquisition or development and construction, may decline, and, as a result, the lending community may require increased amounts of equity to be invested in a project by borrowers in connection with new loans and this could render obtaining funds more difficult if not impossible. In turn, the failure to obtain sufficient capital to fund our planned capital and other expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our business.

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We may require additional capital in the future, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all.

Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including industry and market conditions, our ability to successfully implement new branding and marketing initiatives and expansion of our production capabilities. We anticipate that we may need to raise additional funds in order to grow our business and implement our business strategy. We anticipate that any such additional funds may be raised through equity or debt financings. In addition, we may enter into a revolving credit facility or a term loan facility with one or more syndicates of lenders. Any equity or debt financing, if available at all, may be on terms that are not favorable to us. Even if we are able to raise capital through equity or debt financings, as to which there can be no assurance, the interest of existing shareholders in our company may be diluted, and the securities we issue may have rights, preferences and privileges that are senior to those of our common stock or may otherwise materially and adversely affect the holdings or rights of our existing shareholders. If we cannot obtain adequate capital, we may not be able to fully implement our business strategy, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. See also “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.” In addition, we have and will continue to raise additional capital through private placements or registered offerings, in which broker-dealers may be engaged. The activities of such broker-dealers are highly regulated and we cannot assure that the activities of such broker-dealers will not violate relevant regulations and generate liabilities despite our expectations otherwise.

We are subject to extensive government regulation which could make it difficult for us to obtain adequate funding or additional funding.

Various PRC regulations restrict our ability to raise capital through external financings and other methods, including, but not limited to, the following:

• we cannot pre-sell uncompleted residential units in a project prior to achieving certain development milestones specified in related regulations;

• PRC banks are prohibited from extending loans to real estate companies to fund the purchase of land use rights;

• we cannot borrow from a PRC bank for a particular project unless we fund at least 35% of the total investment amount of that project using our own capital;

• we cannot borrow from a PRC bank for a particular project if we do not obtain the land use right certificate for that project;

• property developers are strictly prohibited from using the proceeds from a loan obtained from a local bank to fund property developments outside of the region where the bank is located; and

• PRC banks are prohibited from accepting properties that have been vacant for more than three years as collateral for a loan.

The PRC government may introduce other measures that limit our access to additional capital. In November 2007, the China Bank Regulatory Commission, or the CBRC, provided policy guidelines to PRC banks and Chinese subsidiaries of foreign banks that loans outstanding at December 31, 2007 should not exceed the level of outstanding loans as of October 31, 2007. This lending freeze may limit our ability to access additional loans or to roll over existing loans as they mature, and may also prevent or delay potential customers’ abilities to secure mortgage loans to purchase residential properties. In addition, on July 10, 2007, the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, issued a circular restricting a foreign invested property developer’s ability to raise capital through foreign debt, if such developer is established after June 1, 2007 or increases its registered capital after June 1, 2007. Under this circular, our ability to utilize the proceeds of this offering to provide funding to our PRC operations is significantly limited. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain sufficient funding to finance intended purchases of land use rights, develop future projects or meet other capital needs as and when required at a commercially reasonable cost or at all. Failure to obtain adequate funding at a commercially reasonable cost may limit our ability to commence new projects or to continue the development of existing projects or may increase our borrowing costs.

We are subject to extensive government regulation which may cause us to incur significant liabilities or may restrict our business activities.

Regulatory requirements could cause us to incur significant liabilities and operating expenses and could restrict our business activities. We are subject to statutes and rules regulating, among other things, certain developmental matters, building and site design, and matters concerning the protection of health and the environment. Our operating expenses may be increased by governmental regulations such as building permit allocation ordinances and impacts as well as other fees and taxes, which may be imposed to defray the cost of providing certain governmental services and improvements. Any delay or refusal from government agencies to grant us necessary licenses, permits and approvals could have an adverse effect on our operations.

We may be unable to acquire desired development land sites at commercially reasonable costs.

Our revenue depends on the completion and sale of our projects, which in turn depend on our ability to acquire development sites. Our land use rights costs are a major component of our cost of real estate sales and increases in such costs could diminish our gross margin. In China, the PRC government controls the supply of land and regulates land sales and transfers in the secondary market. As a result, the policies of the PRC government, including those related to land supply and urban planning, affect our ability to acquire, and our costs of acquiring, land use rights for our projects. In recent years, the government has introduced various measures attempting to limit investment in the property market in China. Although we believe that these measures are generally targeted at the luxury property market and speculative purchases of land and properties, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not introduce other measures in the future that adversely affect our ability to obtain land for development. We currently acquire some of our development sites through company bankruptcies. Under current regulations, land use rights acquired from government authorities for commercial and residential development purposes must be purchased through a public tender, auction or listing-for-sale. We may not be able to continue to purchase land use rights from companies in bankruptcy and our land use rights costs may increase in the future, which may lead to a decrease in our profit margin. In addition, we may not successfully obtain desired development sites due to the increasingly intense competition in the land acquisition process. Moreover, the supply of potential development sites in any given city will diminish over time and we may find it increasingly difficult to identify and acquire attractive development sites at commercially reasonable costs in the future.

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We depend on the availability of additional human resources for future growth.

We believe that continued expansion is essential for us to remain competitive and to capitalize on the growth potential of our business. Such expansion may place a significant strain on our management and operations and financial resources. As our operations continue to grow, we will have to continually improve our management, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls, and other resources infrastructure, and expand our workforce. There can be no assurance that our existing or future management, operating and financial systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our operations, or that we will be able to recruit, retain and motivate our personnel. Further, there can be no assurance that we will be able to establish, develop or maintain the business relationships beneficial to our operations, or to do so or to implement any of the above activities in a timely manner. Failure to manage our growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business and the results of our operations and financial condition.

We may be adversely affected by fluctuations in raw material prices and selling prices of our products.

Our projects and the raw materials we use have experienced significant price fluctuations in the past. There is no assurance that they will not be subject to future price fluctuations or pricing controls. The land and raw materials we use may experience price volatility caused by events such as market fluctuations or changes in governmental programs. The market prices of land and raw materials may also experience significant upward adjustment, if, for instance, there is a material under-supply or over-demand in the market. These price changes may ultimately result in increases in the selling prices of our products, and may, in turn, adversely affect our sales volume, revenue and operating profit.

We could be adversely affected by the occurrence of natural disasters.

From time to time, our development sites may experience strong winds, storms, flooding and earthquakes. Natural disasters could impede operations or damage infrastructure necessary to our construction projects and operations. The occurrence of natural disasters could adversely affect our business and the results of our operations, as well as our prospects and financial condition.

We are dependent on third-party subcontractors, manufacturers, and distributors for all construction services and the supply of construction materials, and a discontinued supply of such services and materials could adversely affect our construction projects.

The Company is dependent on third-party subcontractors, manufacturers, and distributors for all construction services and the supply of construction materials. Construction services or products purchased from the Company’s five largest subcontractors/suppliers accounted for 42% of the total purchases for the year ended December 31, 2013. A disruption in the supply of such services and materials will adversely affect our construction projects.

Intense competition from existing and new entities may adversely affect our revenues and profitability.

In general, the property development industry is intensely competitive and highly fragmented. We compete with various companies. Many of our competitors are more established than we are and have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we presently possess. Some of our competitors have greater name recognition and a larger customer base. These competitors may be able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities and customer requirements and may be able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, and adopt more aggressive pricing policies. We intend to create greater awareness for our brand name so that we can successfully compete with our competitors. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively or successfully with current or future competitors or that the competitive pressures we face will not harm our business.

Our operating subsidiaries must comply with environmental protection laws and such compliance could adversely affect our profitability.

We are required to comply with the environmental protection laws and regulations promulgated by the national and local governments of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”). Some of these regulations govern the level of fees payable to government entities providing environmental protection services and the prescribed standards relating to the construction projects. Although our construction technologies allow us to efficiently control the level of pollution resulting from our construction process, due to the nature of our business, waste is unavoidably generated in such processes. If we fail to comply with any of these environmental laws and regulations in the PRC, depending on the type and seriousness of the violation, we may be subject to, among other things, warnings from relevant authorities, the imposition of fines, specific performance and/or criminal liability, forfeiture of profits made, being ordered to close down our business operations and/or suspension of relevant permits.

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Our success depends on our management team and other key personnel, the loss of any of whom could disrupt our business operations.

Our future success will depend in substantial part on the continued service of our senior management, including Mr. Pingji Lu, our Chairman, and Mr. Xiaohong Feng, our Chief Executive Officer. The loss of the services of one or more of our key personnel could impede implementation of our business plan and result in reduced profitability. We do not carry key person life or other insurance for any of our officers or employees. Our future success will also depend on the continued ability to attract, retain and motivate highly qualified technical sales and marketing customer support personnel. Because of the rapid growth of the economy in PRC, competition for qualified personnel is intense. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to retain our key personnel or that we will be able to attract, assimilate or retain qualified personnel in the future.

The recognition of our real estate revenue and costs relies upon our estimation of total project sales value and cost.

We recognize our real estate revenue based on the percentage of completion method depending on the estimated project construction period. Under this method, revenue and costs are calculated based on an estimation of total project costs and total project revenue, which are revised on a regular basis as the work progresses. Any material deviation between the actual and the estimated total project sales and costs may result in an increase, a reduction or an elimination of reported revenues or costs from period to period, and, as a result, such deviations could have an impact on our net income of the fiscal year.

Our failure to assist our customers in applying for property ownership certificates in a timely manner may lead to compensatory liabilities to our customers.

We are required to meet various requirements within 90 days after delivery of our properties, or such other period as contracted with our customers, in order for our customers to apply for their property ownership certificates. These requirements include obtaining various governmental clearances, and complying with various formalities and procedures. Under our sales contracts, we are liable for any delay in the submission of the required documents that is a result of our failure to meet such requirements, and, in such cases, we are required to compensate our customers for such delays. In the case of serious delays on one or more property projects, we may be required to pay significant compensation to our customers and our reputation may be adversely affected.

We do not have insurance to cover potential losses and claims.

We do not have insurance coverage against potential losses or damages with respect to our properties before their delivery to customers, nor do we maintain insurance coverage against liability from tortious acts or other personal injuries on our project sites. Although we require our contractors to carry insurance, we believe most of our contractors do not comply with this requirement. Our contractors may not be sufficiently insured themselves or have the financial ability to absorb any losses that arise with respect to our projects or pay our claims. In addition, there are certain types of losses, such as losses due to earthquakes, which are currently uninsurable in China. While we believe that our practice is in line with the general practice in the PRC property development industry, there may be instances when we will have to internalize losses, damages and liabilities because of the lack of insurance coverage, which may in turn adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

We may fail to obtain, or may experience material delays in obtaining necessary government approvals for any major property development, which could adversely affect our business.

The real estate industry is strictly regulated by the PRC government. Property developers in China must abide by various laws and regulations, including rules promulgated by local governments to enforce these laws and regulations. Before commencing, and during the course of, development of a property project, we need to apply for various licenses, permits, certificates and approvals, including land use rights certificates, construction site planning permits, construction work planning permits, construction permits, pre-sale permits and completion acceptance certificates. We need to satisfy various requirements to obtain these certificates and permits. To date, we have not encountered serious delays or difficulties in the process of applying for these certificates and permits, but we cannot guarantee that we will not encounter serious delays or difficulties in the future. In the event that we fail to obtain the necessary governmental approvals for any of our major property projects, or a serious delay occurs in the government’s examination and approval progress, we may not be able to maintain our development schedule and our business and cash flows may be adversely affected. We may forfeit land to the PRC government if we fail to comply with procedural requirements applicable to land grants from the government or the terms of the land use rights grant contracts.

According to the relevant PRC regulations, if we fail to develop a property project according to the terms of the land use rights grant contract, including those relating to the payment of land premiums, specified use of the land and the time for commencement and completion of the property development, the PRC government may issue a warning, may impose a penalty or may order us to forfeit the land. Specifically, under current PRC law, if we fail to commence development within one year after the commencement date stipulated in the land use rights grant contract, the relevant PRC land bureau may issue a warning notice to us and impose an idle land fee on the land of up to 20% of the land premium. If we fail to commence development within two years, the land will be subject to forfeiture to the PRC government, unless the delay in development is caused by government actions or force majeure. Even if the commencement of the land development is compliant with the land use rights grant contract, if the developed General Floor Area (“GFA”) on the land is less than one-third of the total GFA of the project or the total capital invested is less than one-fourth of the total investment of the project and the suspension of the development of the land continues for more than one year without government approval, the land will also be treated as idle land and be subject to penalty or forfeiture. We cannot assure you that circumstances leading to significant delays in our development schedule or forfeiture of land will not arise in the future. If we forfeit land, we will not only lose the opportunity to develop the property projects on such land, but may also lose all past investments in such land, including land premiums paid and development costs incurred.

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As a public company, we are required to comply with the reporting obligations of the Exchange Act and Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. If we fail to comply with the reporting obligations of the Exchange Act and Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or if we fail to maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

As a public company, we are required to comply with the periodic reporting obligations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), including preparing annual reports and quarterly reports. Our failure to prepare and disclose this information in a timely manner could subject us to penalties under U.S. federal securities laws, expose us to lawsuits and restrict our ability to access financing. In addition, we are required under applicable law and regulations to design and implement internal controls over financial reporting, and evaluate our existing internal controls with respect to the standards adopted by the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

We cannot assure you that we will not identify control deficiencies that may constitute significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal controls in the future. As a result, we may be required to implement further remedial measures and to design enhanced processes and controls to address issues identified through future reviews. This could result in significant delays and costs to us and require us to divert substantial resources, including management time, from other activities.

If we do not fully remediate the material weaknesses identified by management or fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls in the future, we may not be able to ensure that we can conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Moreover, effective internal controls are necessary for us to produce reliable financial reports and are important to help prevent fraud. As a result, any failure to satisfy the requirements of Section 404 on a timely basis could result in the loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our financial statements, which in turn could harm our business and negatively impact the trading price of our common stock.

Risk Relating to the Residential Property Industry in China (Since commercial property is not our core business, we mainly focus on the risk relating to residential property)

Our global income and the dividends we receive from our PRC subsidiary may be subject to PRC tax under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementing rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with “de facto management bodies” within the PRC is considered a resident enterprise and will be subject to the enterprise income tax rate of 25% on its global income. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management bodies” as “establishments that carry out substantial and overall management and control over the manufacturing and business operations, personnel, accounting, properties, etc. of an enterprise.” The State Administration of Tax, or SAT, issued the Notice Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies, or Circular 82, on April 22, 2009. Circular 82 provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a Chinese-controlled offshore-incorporated enterprise is located in China. Although Circular 82 only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises, not those controlled by PRC individuals, like our company, the determining criteria set forth in Circular 82 may reflect SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of offshore enterprises, regardless of whether they are controlled by PRC enterprises or individuals. Accordingly, we may be considered a resident enterprise and may therefore be subject to the enterprise income tax at 25% on our global income. If we are considered a resident enterprise and earn income other than dividends from our PRC subsidiary, a 25% enterprise income tax on our global income could significantly increase our tax burden and materially and adversely affect our cash flow and profitability.

Under the applicable PRC tax laws in effect before January 1, 2008, dividend payments to foreign investors made by foreign-invested enterprises in China and paid to the foreign investors, such as Tsining Housing Development, were exempt from PRC withholding tax. Pursuant to the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law, however, dividends generated after January 1, 2008 and payable by a foreign-invested enterprise in China to its foreign investors will be subject to a 10% withholding tax, unless any such foreign investor’s jurisdiction of incorporation has a tax treaty with China that provides for a different withholding arrangement.

The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that PRC withholding tax at the rate of 10% will generally be applicable to dividends derived from sources within the PRC and received by non-PRC enterprise shareholders. Similarly, gains derived from the transfer of shares by such shareholders are also subject to PRC enterprise income tax if such gains are regarded as income derived from sources within the PRC. We are a U.S. holding company and substantially all of our income may come from dividends we receive from our subsidiaries, primarily those located in China. If the dividends we pay to our shareholders, or the gains our non-PRC shareholders may realize from the transfer of our common shares are be treated as PRC-sourced income, 10% PRC withholding tax will be imposed.

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In addition, because there remains uncertainty regarding the interpretation and implementation of the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, it is uncertain whether, if we are regarded as a PRC resident enterprise, any dividends to be distributed by us to our non-PRC shareholders would be subject to any PRC withholding tax. Hence we cannot assure you that such dividends will continue to be exempt from PRC income tax law. If we are required under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law to withhold PRC income tax on our dividends payable to our non-PRC corporate shareholders, your investment in our common shares may be materially and adversely affected.

We may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiary to pay dividends to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

We are a holding company, and we may rely principally on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our PRC subsidiaries for our cash and financing requirements, which include the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and to service any debt we may incur. In the future, if our PRC subsidiaries incur debt on their own behalf, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their abilities to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Under PRC laws and regulations, our PRC subsidiaries, as foreign invested enterprises in the PRC, may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, a foreign invested enterprise is required to set aside at least 10% of its accumulated after-tax profits each year, if any, to fund certain statutory reserve funds, until the aggregate amount of such fund reaches 50% of its registered capital. At its discretion, it may allocate a portion of its after-tax profits based on PRC accounting standards to staff welfare and bonus funds. These reserve funds and staff welfare and bonus funds are not distributable as cash dividends.

Any limitation on the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

The majority of our revenues and operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Pursuant to the Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and amended on January 14, 1997 and various regulations issued by the Administration for Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) and other relevant PRC government authorities, Renminbi is freely convertible only to the extent of current account items, such as trade-related receipts and payments, interest and dividends. Capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investments, require the prior approval from the SAFE or its local branch for conversion of Renminbi into a foreign currency such as U.S. dollars, and remittance of the foreign currency outside the PRC. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy its foreign currency-denominated obligations. Currently, each of our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates may purchase foreign exchange for settlement of “current account transactions”, including payment of dividends to us and payment of license fees and service fees to foreign licensors and service providers, without the approval of SAFE. However, approval from the SAFE or its local branch is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.

The enforcement of the Labor Contract Law and other labor-related regulations in the PRC may adversely affect our business and our results of operations.

On June 29, 2007, the National People’s Congress of China enacted the Labor Contract Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008. Compared to the Labor Law, the Labor Contract Law establishes more restrictions and increases costs for employers to dismiss employees, including specific provisions related to fixed-term employment contracts, temporary employment, probation, consultation with the labor union and employee assembly, employment without a contract, dismissal of employees, compensation upon termination and overtime work, and collective bargaining. According to the Labor Contract Law, an employer is obliged to sign a labor contract with an unlimited term with an employee if the employer continues to hire the employee after the expiration of two consecutive fixed-term labor contracts or the employee has worked for the employer for ten consecutive years. The employer also has to pay compensation to an employee if the employer terminates an unlimited-term labor contract. Such compensation is also required when the employer refuses to renew a labor contract that has expired, unless it is the employee who refuses to extend the expired contract. In addition, under the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees, which became effective on January 1, 2008, employees who have served more than one year for an employer are entitled to a paid vacation ranging from 5 to 15 days, depending on their length of service. Employees who waive such vacation time at the request of employers shall be compensated for three times their regular salaries for each waived vacation day.

According to the above PRC central government and local regulations, we are required to pay to the designated government agencies various statutory employee benefits, including pensions, housing funds, medical insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance and childbearing insurance for all employees. At the same time, we are required to pay statutory employee benefits based on the local government pre-set contribution ratio, and accrue provisions for unpaid employee benefits based on relevant central government regulations. Thus, we cannot be certain that such accrued amounts will be sufficient to meet any additional employee benefits payments that we are required to pay in the future. As a result of these new measures designed to enhance labor protection, our employee costs are expected to increase, which may adversely affect our business and our results of operations.

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We are heavily dependent on the performance of the residential property market in China, which is in a relatively early stage of development.

The residential property industry in the PRC is still in a relatively early stage of development. Although demand for residential property in the PRC has been growing rapidly in recent years, such growth is often coupled with volatility in market conditions and fluctuation in property prices. It is extremely difficult to predict how much and when demand will develop, as many social, political, economic, legal and other factors, most of which are beyond our control, may affect the development of the market. The level of uncertainty is increased by the limited availability of accurate financial and market information as well as the overall low level of transparency in the PRC, especially in Tier II cities which have lagged in progress in these aspects when compared to Tier I cities.

The lack of a liquid secondary market for residential property may discourage investors from acquiring new properties. The limited amount of property mortgage financing available to PRC individuals may further inhibit demand for residential developments.

We face intense competition from other real estate developers.

The property industry in the PRC is highly competitive. In the Tier II cities in which we operate, local and regional property developers are our major competitors, and an increasing number of large state-owned and private national property developers have started entering these markets. Many of our competitors, especially the state-owned and private national property developers, are well capitalized and have greater financial, marketing and other resources than we have. Some also have larger land banks, greater economies of scale, broader name recognition, a longer track record and more established relationships in certain markets. In addition, the PRC government’s recent measures designed to reduce land supply further increased competition for land among property developers.

Competition among property developers may result in increased costs for the acquisition of land for development, increased costs for raw materials, shortages of skilled contractors, oversupply of properties, decrease in property prices in certain parts of the PRC, a slowdown in the rate at which new property developments will be approved and/or reviewed by the relevant government authorities and an increase in administrative costs for hiring or retaining qualified personnel, any of which may adversely affect our business and financial condition. Furthermore, property developers that are better capitalized than we are may be more competitive in acquiring land through the auction process. If we cannot respond to changes in market conditions as promptly and effectively as our competitors or effectively compete for land acquisition through the auction process or fail to compete on other terms with our competition, our business and financial condition will be adversely affected.

In addition, risk of property over-supply is increasing in parts of China, where property investment, trading and speculation have become overly active. We are exposed to the risk that in the event of actual or perceived over-supply, property prices may fall drastically, and our revenue and profitability could be adversely affected.

The PRC government may adopt further measures to slow the growth of the property sector.

Along with the economic growth in China, investments in the property sectors have increased significantly in the past few years. In response to concerns over the scale of the increase in property investments, the PRC government has introduced policies to slow property development. We believe the following regulations, among others, significantly affect the property industry in China.

In May 2006, the Ministry of Construction, National Development and Reform Commission, or the NDRC, People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”) and other relevant PRC government authorities jointly issued the Opinions on Adjusting the Housing Supply Structure and Stabilizing the Property Prices, which introduced measures to limit resources allocated to the luxury residential market. For instances, the new measures require that after June 1, 2006 at least 70% of a residential project must consist of units with a Gross Floor Area (“GFA”) of less than 90 square meters per unit, and, if it has a unit GFA of 90 square meters or more and the property is purchased for residence purpose only, the minimum amount of down payment was increased from 20% to 30% of the purchase price of the underlying property. In September 2007, the PBOC and the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the Circular on Strengthening the Management of Commercial Real Estate Credit Facilities, which increased the minimum down payment for any purchase of second or subsequent residential property to 40% of the purchase price if the purchaser had obtained a bank loan to finance the purchase of his or her first property. In February 2011, the Xi’an local government increased the minimum down payment for a second residential property purchase to 60% of the purchase price and restricted any further purchases.

In July 2006, the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Commerce, the NDRC, the PBOC, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) issued Opinions on Regulating the Entry and Administration of Foreign Investment in Real Property Market, which impose significant requirements on foreign investment in the PRC real estate sector. For instance, these opinions set forth requirements for registered capital of a foreign invested real property enterprise as well as thresholds for a foreign invested real property enterprise to borrow domestic or overseas loans. In addition, in May 2007, the Ministry of Commerce and SAFE jointly issued the Notice on Further Strengthening and Regulating the Approval and Supervision of Foreign Investment in Real Estate Market, which requires, a foreign invested real property enterprise approved by local authorities to register such approvals with the Ministry of Commerce.

Adopting to the PRC government’s restrictive regulations and measures to curtail overheating of the property sector could increase our operating costs, limit our access to capital resources or even restrict our business operations. We cannot be certain that the PRC government will not issue additional and more stringent regulations or measures, which could further slow down property development in China and adversely affect our business and prospects.

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Our sales will be affected if mortgage financing becomes more costly or otherwise becomes less attractive.

Substantially all purchasers of our residential properties rely on mortgages to fund their purchases. An increase in interest rates may significantly increase the cost of mortgage financing, thus affecting the affordability of residential properties. In 2008, the PBOC changed the lending rates five times. The benchmark lending rate for loans with a term of over five years, which affects mortgage rates, was increased to 5.94% on August 30, 2010. The PRC government and commercial banks may also increase the down payment requirement, impose other conditions or otherwise change the regulatory framework in a manner that would make mortgage financing unavailable or unattractive to potential property purchasers. Under current PRC laws and regulations, purchasers of residential properties generally must pay at least 20% of the purchase price of the properties before they can finance their purchases through mortgages. In May 2006, the PRC government increased the minimum amount of down payment to 30% of the purchase price of the underlying property if such property has a unit GFA of 90 square meters or more and the property is purchased for residence purpose only. In September 2007, the minimum down payment for any purchase of a second or subsequent residential property was increased to 40% of the purchase price if the purchaser had obtained a bank loan to finance the purchase of his or her first property. Moreover, the interest rate for bank loans of such purchases shall not be less than 110% of the PBOC benchmark rate of the same term and category. In February 2011, the Xi’an local government increased the minimum down payment for a second residential property purchase to 60% of the purchase price and restricted any further purchases. In addition, mortgagee banks may not lend to any individual borrower if the monthly repayment of the anticipated mortgage loan would exceed 50% of the individual borrower’s monthly income or if the total debt service of the individual borrower would exceed 55% of such individual’s monthly income. If the availability or attractiveness of mortgage financing is reduced or limited, many of our prospective customers may not be able to purchase our properties and, as a result, our business, liquidity and results of operations could be adversely affected.

In line with industry practice, we provide guarantees to PRC banks with respect to loans procured by the purchasers of our properties for the total amount of such mortgage loans. Such guarantees expire upon the completion of the registration of the mortgage with the relevant mortgage registration authorities. If there are changes in laws, regulations, policies, and practices that would prohibit property developers from providing guarantees to banks in respect of mortgages offered to property purchasers and as a result, banks would not accept any alternative guarantees by third parties, or if no third party is available or willing in the market to provide such guarantees, it may become more difficult for property purchasers to obtain mortgages from banks and other financial institutions during sales and pre-sales of our properties. Such difficulties in financing could result in substantially lower rates of sales and pre-sales of our properties, which would adversely affect our cash flow, financial condition, and results of operations. We are not aware of any impending changes in laws, regulations, policies, or practices that will prohibit such practices in China. However, there can be no assurance that such changes in laws, regulations, policies, or practices will not occur in China in the future.

The PRC government from time to time introduces certain policy and regulatory measures to cool down the real estate market and we have seen the effects of such policies and regulatory measures in certain cities.

Since the second half of 2009, the PRC real estate market has experienced exponential growth and housing prices rose rapidly in certain cities. In response to concerns over the scale of the increase in property investments, the PRC government has implemented measures and introduced policies to slow property development and promote the healthy development of the real estate industry in the PRC.

In April 2010, the general office of the PRC State Council issued a circular to all ministries and provincial-level local governments. Among other matters, the circular provided as follows: purchasers of a first residential property for their households with a gross floor area of greater than 90 square meters must make down payments of no less than 30% of the purchase price; purchasers of a second residential property for their households must make down payments of no less than 50% of the purchase price and the interest rate of any mortgage for such property must equal at least the benchmark interest rate plus 10%; and for purchasers of a third residential property, both the minimum down payment amount and applied interest rate must be significantly higher than the relevant minimum down payment and interest rate which would have been applicable prior to the issuance of the circular. In order to implement the requirements set forth in the State Council’s circular, the People’s Bank of China and  the Ministry of Land and Resources issued implementing regulatory measures to restrict mortgage lending and tighten the availability of land resources for future constructions.

In cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, we have seen the effects of such policies and regulatory measures. The sales volumes for real properties in Beijing and Shanghai decreased significantly after the policy change. The sale prices for certain properties in such cities also weakened. The PRC government’s policy and regulatory measures on the PRC real estate sector could limit our access to required financing and other capital resources, adversely affect the property purchasers’ ability to obtain mortgage financing or significantly increase the cost of mortgage financing, reduce market demand for our properties and increase our operating costs. These factors may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our sales, revenues and operations will be affected if our customers are not able to secure mortgage financing on attractive terms, if at all.

Substantially all purchasers of our residential properties rely on mortgages to fund their purchases. If the availability or attractiveness of mortgage financing is reduced or limited, many of our prospective customers may not be able to purchase our properties and, as a result, our business, liquidity and results of operations could be adversely affected.

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Certain circulars issued by the PRC State Council and related measures taken by ministries and local governments have restricted and may continue to restrict the ability of purchasers to qualify for or obtain mortgage financing. For example, under a circular issued in April 2010, certain purchasers of our properties can no longer qualify for loans and this led to cancellations of our existing sales and the returning of down payments by us to those persons who had previously entered into contracts with us to purchase a unit but were unable to obtain a mortgage within the 30-day period after the contract date.

PRC government may issue further restrictive measures in the future.

On February 25, 2011, Xi’an’s government put forward a local restrictive policy. The policy prohibits residential housing purchases for 1) non-local residents who are not able to provide a local tax payment certificate for over one year, and 2) local residents who are already in possession of two residential units. The policy also limits residential housing purchases for 1) non-local residents, who are able to provide local tax payment certificates over one year, to only one unit, 2) local residents, who are already in possession of only one residential unit, to one additional residential unit.

We cannot assure you that the PRC government will not issue further restrictive measures in the future. The PRC government’s restrictive regulations and measures could increase our operating costs in adapting to these regulations and measures, limit our access to capital resources or even restrict our business operations, which could further adversely affect our business and prospects.

An increase in interest rates will increase our customers’ mortgage financing  which may further adversely affect the real estate market  in the PRC.

An increase in interest rates may significantly increase the cost of mortgage financing, thus affecting the affordability of residential properties. According to a circular issued in April 2010, financial institutions must determine the applicable loan interest rate and down-payment ratio for non-welfare residential property according to the following factors: (i) whether the borrower is purchasing a property for the first time; (ii) whether the borrower is purchasing the property for his/her own use; (iii) whether the property purchased is an ordinary residential property; and (iv) risk factors including the borrower’s credit records and payment ability. Increases in mortgage financing costs may dampen people’s desire to purchase residential properties and adversely affect the real estate market in the PRC.

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries have taken the position that they are compliant with the taxation, environmental, employment and social security rules of China, and if that position turns out to be wrong, they may face penalties imposed by the PRC government.

While the Company believes its PRC subsidiaries have been in compliance with PRC taxation, environmental, employment and social security rules during their operations in China, the Company has not obtained letters from the PRC government authorities confirming such compliance. If any PRC government authority takes the position that there is non-compliance with the taxation, environmental protection, employment and social security rules by any of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries, they may be exposed to penalties from such PRC government authority, in which case the operation of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries in question may be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

China’s economic policies could affect our business.

Substantially all of our assets are located in China and substantially all of our revenue is derived from our operations in China. Accordingly, our results of operations and prospects are subject, to a significant extent, to any economic, political or legal developments in China.

While China’s economy has experienced significant growth over the past 20 years, such growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. The Chinese government has implemented various measures to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources. Some of these measures benefit the overall economy of China, but they may also have a negative effect on us. For example, our operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations.

The economy of China has been changing from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy. In recent years, the Chinese government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reforms, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of corporate governance in business enterprises; however, a substantial portion of productive assets in China are still owned by the Chinese government. In addition, the Chinese government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. It also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, the control of payments of foreign currency-denominated obligations, the setting of monetary policy and the provision of preferential treatment to particular industries or companies.

Capital outflow policies in China may hamper our ability to remit income to the United States.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the RMB into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. We receive all of our revenue in RMB. Under our current corporate structure, our U.S. holding company may rely on dividend payments from our PRC subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have. Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior approval from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”) by complying with certain procedural requirements. Therefore, our PRC subsidiaries are able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to us without prior approval from SAFE by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from or registration with appropriate government authorities is required where RMB is to be converted into a foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. This could affect the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to obtain foreign exchange through debt or equity financings, including by means of loans or capital contributions from us. In the future, the PRC government may also at its discretion restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency demands, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders.

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Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize our revenues effectively.

The majority of our revenues and operating expenses are denominated in Renminbi. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Pursuant to the Foreign Currency Administration Rules promulgated on January 29, 1996 and amended on January 14, 1997 and various regulations issued by SAFE and other relevant PRC government authorities, Renminbi is freely convertible only to the extent of current account items, such as trade-related receipts and payments, interest and dividends. Capital account items, such as direct equity investments, loans and repatriation of investments, require the prior approval from SAFE or its local branch for conversion of Renminbi into a foreign currency such as U.S. dollars, and remittance of the foreign currency outside the PRC. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict the ability of our PRC subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy its foreign currency-denominated obligations. Currently, each of our PRC subsidiaries and affiliates may purchase foreign exchange for settlement of “current account transactions”, including payment of dividends to us and payment of license fees and service fees to foreign licensors and service providers, without the approval of SAFE. However, approval from the SAFE or its local branch is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies.

The fluctuation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect your investment.

The value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions and China’s foreign exchange policies. The conversion of RMB into foreign currencies, including U.S. dollars, has been based on exchange rates set by the People’s Bank of China. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the RMB solely to the U.S. dollar. Under this revised policy, the RMB is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. Since the removal of the U.S. dollar peg, the RMB has appreciated more than 30% against the U.S. dollar. It is difficult to predict how long the current situation may last and when and how RMB exchange rates may change going forward. Any significant revaluation of the Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues and financial condition. For example, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from an offering of our common stock into Renminbi for our operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Conversely, if we decide to convert our Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making dividend payments on our common shares or for other business purposes and the U.S. dollar appreciates against the Renminbi, the value of the U.S. dollar equivalent we could receive on conversion would be reduced. Any significant devaluation of the Renminbi may reduce our operation costs in U.S. dollars but may also reduce our earnings in U.S. dollars. In addition, the depreciation of significant U.S. dollar denominated assets could result in a charge to our income statement and a reduction in the value of those assets.

There can be no assurance that the Renminbi will not be subject to devaluation. We may not be able to hedge effectively against Renminbi devaluation, so there can be no assurance that future movements in the exchange rate of the Renminbi and other currencies will not have an adverse effect on our financial condition.

In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain approval for sufficient foreign exchange amounts to pay dividends or satisfy other foreign exchange requirements in the future.

It may be difficult to effect service of process and enforcement of legal judgments upon our Company and our officers and directors because some of them reside outside the United States.

As our operations are presently based in China and some of our key directors and officers reside outside the United States, service of process on our key directors and officers may be difficult to effect within the United States. Also, substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States and any judgment obtained in the United States against us may not be enforceable outside the United States. Moreover, our PRC counsel has advised us that the PRC does not have treaties with the United States or many other countries providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of court judgments. In order to minimize this risk of nonenforcement, we have appointed Pingji Lu, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, as our agent to receive service of process in any action against our company in the United States.

If relations between the United States and China worsen, our stock price may decrease and we may have difficulty accessing the U.S. capital markets.

At various times during recent years, the United States and China have had disagreements over political and economic issues. Controversies may arise in the future between these two countries. Any political or trade conflicts between the United States and China could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to access U.S. capital markets.

25

We may face obstacles from the communist system in China.

Foreign companies conducting operations in China face significant political, economic and legal risks. The political system in China, which includes a cumbersome bureaucracy, may hinder western investment in the Company.

We may have difficulty establishing adequate management, legal and financial controls in China.

China historically has not adopted a western style of management or financial reporting concepts and practices, modern banking, computing or other control systems. We may have difficulty in hiring and retaining a sufficient number of qualified employees to work in China. As a result of these factors, we may experience difficulty in establishing management, legal and financial controls, methods of collecting financial data and preparing financial statements and accounting and corporate records and instituting business practices that meet western standards.

It will be extremely difficult to establish jurisdiction and enforce liabilities against our officers, directors, and assets based in China. Because some of the Company’s executive officers and directors, including, the chairman of the Board of Directors, are Chinese citizens, it may be difficult, if not impossible, to obtain jurisdiction over these persons in the event a lawsuit is initiated against us and or our officers and directors by a stockholder or group of stockholders in the United States. Also, because the majority of our assets are located in China, it would also be extremely difficult to access those assets to satisfy an award entered against the Company in a United States court.

Interpretation of PRC laws and regulations involves uncertainty.

Our core business is conducted within China and is governed by PRC laws and regulations. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes, and prior court decisions can only be used as a reference. Since 1979, the PRC government has promulgated laws and regulations in relation to economic matters such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade, with a view to developing a comprehensive system of commercial law, including laws relating to property ownership and development. However, due to the fact that these laws and regulations have not been fully developed, and because of the limited volume of published cases and the non-binding nature of prior court decisions, interpretation of PRC laws and regulations involves a degree of uncertainty. Some of these laws may be changed without being immediate publication or may be amended with retroactive effect. Depending on the government agency or how an application or case is presented to such agency, we may receive less favorable interpretations of laws and regulations than our competitors, particularly if a competitor has long been established in the locality of, and has developed a relationship with such agency. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and a diversion of resources and management attention. All of these uncertainties may cause difficulties in the enforcement of our land use rights, entitlements under our permits, and other statutory and contractual rights and interests.

We may face judicial corruption in the People’s Republic of China.

Another obstacle to foreign investment in the People’s Republic of China is corruption. There are no assurances that we will be able to obtain recourse, if desired, through the People’s Republic of China’s comparably poorly developed and sometimes corrupt judicial systems.

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

There is no assurance of an established public trading market for our securities, which may adversely affect the ability of investors in our company to sell their securities on the public markets.

Although our common stock trades on the NASDAQ, a regular trading market for the securities may not be sustained in the future. Market prices for our common stock will be influenced by a number of factors, including:

• the issuance of new equity securities;

• changes in interest rates;

• competitive developments, including announcements by competitors of new products or services or significant contracts, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments;

• variations in quarterly operating results;

• change in financial estimates by securities analysts;

• the depth and liquidity of the market for our common stock;

• investor perceptions of our company and the real estate industry generally; and

• general economic and other national conditions.

The limited prior public market and trading market may cause volatility in the market price of our common stock.

Our common stock is currently traded on the NASDAQ under the symbol “CHLN.” The quotation of our common stock on the NASDAQ does not assure that a meaningful, consistent and liquid trading market currently exists, and in recent years such market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have particularly affected the market prices of many smaller companies like us. Our common stock is thus subject to volatility. In the absence of an active trading market:

• investors may have difficulty buying and selling or obtaining market quotations;

• market visibility for our common stock may be limited; and

• a lack of visibility for our common stock may have a depressive effect on the market for our common stock.

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Our principal stockholders, current executive officers and directors own a significant percentage of our Company and will be able to exercise significant influence over our Company.

Our executive officers and directors and principal stockholders together beneficially own 24.58% of the voting power of our outstanding voting capital stock. These stockholders will be able to influence the composition of our Board of Directors, will retain the voting power to influence matters requiring stockholder approval and will continue to have significant influence over our affairs. This concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in our control or otherwise discouraging a potential acquirer from attempting to obtain control of us, which in turn could have a material and adverse effect on the market price of our common stock or prevent our stockholders from realizing a premium over the market prices for their shares of our common stock.

Our common stock could be considered to be a “penny stock.”

Our common stock could be considered to be a “penny stock” if it meets one or more of the definitions in Rules 15g-2 through 15g-6 promulgated under Section 15(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These include but are not limited to the following: (i) the stock trades at a price less than $5.00 per share; (ii) it is NOT traded on a “recognized” national exchange; (iii) it is NOT quoted on the NASDAQ, or even if so, has a price less than $5.00 per share; or (iv) is issued by a company with net tangible assets less than $2.0 million, if in business more than a continuous three years, or with average revenues of less than $6.0 million for the past three years. The principal result or effect of being designated a “penny stock” is that securities broker-dealers cannot recommend the stock but must trade in it on an unsolicited basis.

As of March 21, 2014, our stock is quoted on the NASDAQ Stock Market and has a price of $2.22 per share.

Broker-dealer requirements may affect trading and liquidity.

Section 15(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Rule 15g-2 promulgated thereunder by the SEC require broker-dealers dealing in penny stocks to provide potential investors with a document disclosing the risks of penny stocks and to obtain a manually signed and dated written receipt of the document before effecting any transaction in a penny stock for the investor’s account.

Potential investors in our common stock are urged to obtain and read such disclosure carefully before purchasing any shares that are deemed to be “penny stocks.” Moreover, Rule 15g-9 requires broker-dealers in penny stocks to approve the account of any investor for transactions in such stocks before selling any penny stock to that investor. This procedure requires the broker-dealer to (i) obtain from the investor information concerning his or her financial situation, investment experience and investment objectives; (ii) reasonably determine, based on that information, that transactions in penny stocks are suitable for the investor and that the investor has sufficient knowledge and experience as to be reasonably capable of evaluating the risks of penny stock transactions; (iii) provide the investor with a written statement setting forth the basis on which the broker-dealer made the determination in (ii) above; and (iv) receive a signed and dated copy of such statement from the investor, confirming that it accurately reflects the investor’s financial situation, investment experience and investment objectives. Compliance with these requirements may make it more difficult for holders of our common stock to resell their shares to third parties or to otherwise dispose of them in the market or otherwise.

The dilutive effect of future issuances of securities may have an adverse impact on a shareholder’s proportionate ownership interest.

The existing shareholders do not have preemptive rights in any securities issued in the future. The rights of existing shareholders may be diluted by any such issuance. The issuance of shares of our securities in additional capital raising transactions may dilute, and thereby reduce, each existing shareholder’s proportionate ownership interest in our securities.

Shares eligible for future sale may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, as the future sale of a substantial amount of our restricted stock in the public marketplace could reduce the price of our common stock.

From time to time, some of our stockholders may be eligible to sell all or some of their shares of common stock by means of ordinary brokerage transactions in the open market pursuant to Rule 144, promulgated under the Securities Act (“Rule 144”), subject to certain limitations. The SEC adopted amendments to Rule 144 which became effective on February 15, 2008. Under these amendments, a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock or warrants for at least six months would be entitled to sell their securities provided that (i) such person is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale and (ii) we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale.

Persons who have beneficially owned restricted shares of our common stock or warrants for at least six months but who are our affiliates at the time of, or at any time during the three months preceding, a sale, would be subject to additional restrictions, under which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of securities that does not exceed the greater of either of the following:

• 1% of the total number of securities of the same class then outstanding; or

• the average weekly trading volume of such securities during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale;

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Provided, in each case, that we are subject to the Exchange Act periodic reporting requirements for at least three months before the sale.

Such sales both by affiliates and by non-affiliates must also comply with the manner of sale, current public information and notice provisions of Rule 144.

ITEM 2.  PROPERTIES

Most of the Company’s properties held as fixed assets are constructed by the Company, held for rental purposes and are adequate for those purposes.

Due to expansion of the Company’s business and additional recruitment, our current office building is no longer adequate for the Company. The Company moved to a new office building in October 2012. The new office building has a GFA of about 9,800 square meters and is owned by the Company. Our new office is located at 1008 Liuxue Road, Baqiao District Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China 710038.

Our properties are located in Xi’an, Shaanxi province in China.

The following states the area of our completed inventories.

Name of project	Location	Subsistence area (m2)
Tsining JunJing I	North Jinhua Road Xi’an City		2,535
Puhua Phase One	South Gongyuan Road of Xi’an City		7,890
Puhua Phase Two	South Gongyuan Road of Xi’an City		41,081
Tsining JunJing III	Dongzhan Road of Xi’an City		1,433
Total			52,939

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on business, financial condition or operating results.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASE OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Our common stock has traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol CHLN since May 16, 2008. The following table shows, for the periods indicated, the high and low trading prices of our common stock as reported by the National Quotation Bureau, Inc., from the first quarter of 2012 through December 31, 2013. Prior to May 16, 2008, our stock traded on the OTCBB market.

High & Low Stock Price	1st Quarter		2nd Quarter		3rd Quarter		4th Quarter
2013
High		1.66		2.58		2.78		3.07
Low		1.24		1.54		1.63		1.84
2012
High		1.41		1.97		2.00		1.54
Low		1.03		1.41		1.22		1.07

As of December 31, 2013, there were approximately 143 shareholders on record of our common stock, excluding shareholders who have their shares held in street name (by their stock brokerage firms).

Dividends: We have not paid any dividends during the past two years.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The table below shows the equity compensation plan information as of December 31, 2013.

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Equity Compensation Plan Information
Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a)		(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)(2)(3)		491,103		1.39		5,559,598
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders		Not applicable		Not Applicable		Not Applicable
Total		491,103		1.39		5,559,598

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(1) Represents shares of common stock available for issuance under our 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”) and our 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). For a description of the material items of the 2007 Plan, please see our registration statement on Form S-1/A filed with the SEC on November 5, 2009. For a description of the material items of the 2010 Plan, please see our Information Statement on Form 14C filed with the SEC on January 20, 2011.

(2) Shares available for issuance under the 2010 Plan can be granted pursuant to stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, unrestricted stock and any other stock-based award selected by the plan administrators. To date shares issued pursuant to the 2010 Plan have been issued as options and restricted stock.

(3) Shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan can be granted pursuant to restricted stock and to date all issuances under the 2007 Plan have been issued as restricted stock.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

Summary of operations

(US$ in thousands, except per share amounts)

	2013		2012
Total revenue	$	190,035	$	143,375
Cost of sales		146,209		102,781
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		16,969		16,415
Stock-based compensation		1,375		1,011
Financing expenses		7,317		557
Other expenses		400		123
Accretion expense on convertible debt		-		955
Net income	$	11,755	$	20,211
Net earning (loss) per common share - Basic		0.33		0.58
Net eraning (loss) per common share - Diluted		0.33		0.57

Financial data

(US$ in thousands, except per share amounts)

	2013		2012
Total assets	$	619,493	$	498,378
Total shareholders’ equity		137,323		119,612
Basic weighted average shares outstanding		35,128		34,955
Diluted weighted average shares		35,128		36,548

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Some of the statements contained in this Form 10-K that are not historical facts are “forward-looking statements” that can be identified by the use of terminology such as estimates, projects, plans, believes, expects, anticipates, intends, or the negative or other variations of those words, or by discussions of strategy that involve risks and uncertainties. We urge you to be cautious of the forward-looking statements, that such statements, which are contained in this Form 10-K, reflect our current beliefs with respect to future events and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors affecting our operations, market growth, services, products, and licenses. No assurances can be given regarding the achievement of future results, as actual results may differ materially as a result of the risks we face, and actual events may differ from the assumptions underlying the statements that have been made regarding anticipated events. Factors that may cause actual results, our performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from those contemplated by such forward-looking statements include without limitation: our ability to attract and retain management, and to integrate and maintain technical information and management information systems; our ability to raise capital when needed and on acceptable terms and conditions; the intensity of competition; and general economic conditions. All written and oral forward-looking statements made in connection with this Form 10-K that are attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements. Given the uncertainties that surround such statements, you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of our assets and liabilities, (ii) the disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the end of each reporting period and (iii) the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during each reporting period. We continually evaluate these estimates based on our own experience, knowledge and assessment of current business and other conditions, our expectations regarding the future based on available information and reasonable assumptions, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. Some of our accounting policies require a higher degree of judgment than others in their application.

When reading our financial statements, you should consider (i) our selection of critical accounting policies, (ii) the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and (iii) the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. We believe the following accounting policies involve the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements.

Effect of Change in Estimated Total Contract Sales and Costs

Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During 2013, real estate development projects with gross profits recognized in 2012 had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As a result of these changes of gross profit, net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased by $512,003 (2012 - increased by $347,706;) or basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased by $0.015 and $0.015, respectively (2012 – increased by $0.01 and $0.01 in both basic and diluted earnings per share).

Real estate held for development or sale, intangible asset and deposits on land use rights

We evaluate the recoverability of our real estate developments taking into account several factors including, but not limited to, our plans for future operations, prevailing market prices for similar properties and projected cash flows.

We review real estate projects whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may no longer be recoverable. When these events occur, we measure impairment by comparing the carrying value to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected as a result of the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. If the total of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, we would recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value of the assets.

Our judgments and estimates related to impairment include our determination of whether an event has occurred that warrants an impairment test. If a test is required, we will also have to make certain judgments and estimations concerning our expectations of future cash flows and the calculation of the fair value of the impaired assets.

When real estate costs are determined to be impaired, they are written down to their estimated fair value less cost to sell. The Company evaluates the carrying value for impairment based on the undiscounted future cash flows of the assets. Write-downs of real estate costs deemed impaired would be recorded as adjustments to the cost basis. There has been no impairment on the real estate inventories and no impairment loss has been recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

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The following table summarizes the components of real estate inventories as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

	2013		2012
Real estate projects completed and held for sale
JunJing I	$	1,842,556	$	2,065,376
JunJing II		-		175,326
Tsining 24G		-		45,370
Gangwan		9,839		19,117
Tsining Home IN		-		60,943
JunJing III		1,284,724		1,309,347
Puhua Phase I		7,128,395		9,205,681
Puhua Phase II - West Region and New Coastal Line		7,643,245		7,834,598
Real estate completed and held for sale		17,908,759		20,715,758
Real estate projects held for development
Puhua Phase II, III and IV		92,388,308		80,834,955
Park Plaza		72,536,513		77,765,333
Golden Bay		77,997,482		12,415,111
Jiyuan		21,835,276		16,500,575
Other		6,629,575		3,941,746
Construction materials		178,899		198,397
Real estate held for development		271,566,053		191,656,117
Total real estate held for development or sale	$	289,474,812	$	212,371,875

Intangible Assets

Intangible asset consists of the following as at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013			2012
Development right acquired (a)	$	53,345,648		$	51,835,211
Land use right acquired (b)		8,878,924			8,627,525
Construction license acquired (c)		1,243,565			1,208,354
		63,468,137			61,671,090
Accumulated amortization		(21,014,664	)		(7,188,838	)
Intangible assets, net	$	42,453,473		$	54,482,252

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(a)	The Company purchased the exclusive development right (the "Intangible") through the acquisition of New Land in 2007. The cost of the Intangible was $51.8 million (323 million RMB) based on the purchase price allocation determined. This Intangible allows the Company to develop projects within a specified area in the Baqiao District in Xi’an (the “Specified Area”) as defined in the Intangible agreement. This Specified Area is sub-divided into different land use rights (“LUR”). Under the Intangible agreement, the Company has preferential right to acquire LURs of land up to 487 acre within this Specified Area from the government. The development right will expire on June 30, 2016. We expect a renewal of the agreement due to the healthy relationship with the government. A substantial portion of the 487 acres are not expected to be fully developed until after the 2016 contract expiration date. The actual purchase price of the LURs to be acquired through the Intangible is also expected to be significantly lower than the fair market value of the LUR when traded in the open market.
	The Company amortizes the Intangible when it acquires a LUR within the Specified Area and the amortization of the Intangible is determined by calculating the profit that the specific LUR may generate over the total estimated profit of the Intangible and applying this percentage to the Intangible. The gross margin in this case is just based on the assumption that the land is bought and sold directly, not including any other construction on the land. The Company records the amortized Intangible into real estate held for development or sale as a component of the cost of the related project and allocates it to each building based on the gross floor area ("GFA") of each building. When the units within the project are sold, the related capitalized amortization will be expensed as part of cost of real estate sales. This amortization policy ensures the amortization matches the realization of the economic benefit of the Intangible when the actual LUR is developed into condo projects and related revenue is recognized with the Company percentage of completion method.
	The following table summarizes the information and assumptions used by the Company to amortize the Intangible at the time LURs were acquired. The table also includes forward looking information that may be used by the Company for future amortization when future LURs are obtained:

	2007		2009		2013			2014			2014
	Land Sale		Puhua		Golden Bay A			Golden Bay B			Textile City
Acre (gross)		31		79		17.5 (3)			17.1 (3)			29.7 (4)
Gross Profit* from Intangible Agreement   (numerator – in millions)	$	16.5	$	63.7		$15.2 (3)			14.5 (3)			23.7 (4)
Total Estimated Gross Profit*   (Denominator – in millions)		$701 (1)		$701 (1)	$	133.6	(5)	$	133.6	(5)	$	133.6	(5)
Percentage		2.44% (1)		9.89% (2)		24.96% (5)			23.79% (5)			38.92% (5)

* Gross profit referred to the price difference between the estimated fair market value of the LUR and the estimated estimated preferred acquisition price. 

* The Intangible’s economic benefits are consumed as the LURs are acquired and the bidding priority and preferred prices are realized. As such, we follow ASC 350-30-35-6 to amortize the Intangible by amortizing the Intangible in a way that considers the identification of the profit on each LUR, which is betweenthe preferred LUR acquisition price and market price of the LUR. The acquisition price and market price of the LURs are the function of the acreage of the LUR acquired, locations and trend of Xian surrounding land use right value. The overall profit from the Puhua project or any other future projects under the Intangible require additional work and conditions such as: construction licenses, goodwill in the real estate industry, planning and actual construction works. However, none of these are directly related to the realization of profit from the Intangible.

1) When the Company entered into the New Land acquisition in March 2007, it was the Company’s intention to sell part of the land and retain the remaining portion for our own projects. We estimated the total cost and gross profit based on the then current market conditions and determined that the total estimated profit from utilizing the Intangible would be approximately $168.9 million. As a result of the dedication by the Xi’an government to develop the Baqiao District, the real estate price increased substantially. We were able to sell 31 acre of land at $28 million and realized a gross profit of approximately $16.5 million, representing about 58% gross margin. Based on the high margin that we were able to realize through the LUR sale, we revised our estimated gross profit from $168.9 million to $701 million at the 2007 year end. The gross profit from this land sale was calculated as 2.4% of the total estimated gross profit from the whole 487 acre project. $1.2 million (2.4%) of the Intangible was amortized through the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

2) During 2009, we acquired the LUR of a 79 acre parcel of land for the Puhua project for $46 million and the estimated fair market value was $109 million based on the $30 million invested by Praxfor the 25% interest in the Puhua project, although at that time we had only just acquired the LUR. The $63 million gross profit was determined as 9.25% of the total estimated gross profit at the time of Puhua LUR acquisition and $4.6 million (9.25%) of the Intangible was amortized and capitalized into real estate held for development or sale, specifically, the construction in progress (“CIP”) of Puhua. As revenue is recognized on the percentage of completion basis, the CIP (including the Amortized Intangible) is expensed through cost of real estate sales based on the same percentage of completion revenue recognition calculation.

In each of years 2010 through 2013, the Amortized Intangible that was included in the cost of real estate sales are as follows:

· 2010 – $461,819 (or 3.12 million RMB)

· 2011 – $547,876 (or 3.54 million RMB)

· 2012 – $645,264 (or 4.07 million RMB)

· 2013 – $602,581 (or 3.70 million RMB)

3)	In December 2013 and March 2014, the Company acquired the land of Golden Bay A and Golden Bay B projects, which were 17.5 and 17.1 acres, respectively. According to the market condition around this project, the gross profit margin, which is defined as the estimated profit divided by the fair value of the LUR, of the land of Golden Bay was determined as 30%. The gross profit of Golden Bay A and Golden Bay B was estimated to be $15.2 million and $14.5 million, respectively.
4)	In December 2010, we signed a preliminary contract with the government disclosing our intention to acquire an additional 107 acre tract of land of Textile City. We estimate that we may obtain the land use right for this piece of land during the second half of 2014. The estimated bidding price should be 10 percent higher than the price of Golden Bay because of the increase of market selling price. The gross profit margin of Textile City was determined as 20 percent because it is not located in a prime location like the Golden Bay project.
5)	After the acquisition of the land of Golden Bay and Textile City, there are still 313 acres available for the Company to develop in the Baqiao area. But since we don’t have specific plan on when this land will be available for purchase, we determined to amortize the remaining intangible asset to the Golden Bay and Textile City projects. The amortization schedule will be updated when any new project in this area arises. According to the gross profit margin of the Golden Bay and Textile City, the total gross profit of these two projects was determined to be $53 million. The total gross profit of the five pieces of land will be $133.6 million. The Company acquired part of Golden Bay A’s land use right and recorded amortization of $13,274,633 during fiscal 2013 and capitalized this amount in the real estate held for development or sale. The $13,274,633 amortization recorded was calculated by multiplying the original gross amount of $53 million of the development right by 24.96% which is the percentage of profit margin realized over the total expected profit margin to be realized.

Because the government has issued various policies to slow down the sale of land, we currently do not have specific development plans for the remaining 313 acre of land under the Intangible agreement. We will continue the discussion with the local government to locate potential projects. As part of our periodic reporting procedures, we review and update our estimates of total gross profit depending on the market conditions. Once we are able to secure a new project under the Intangible agreement, we will adjust the amortization table accordingly.

The Company also assesses impairment and has determined that the expected future profit from the exclusive right is still well above the carrying value and has concluded that no impairment has occurred. 

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(b) The land use right was acquired through the acquisition of Suodi. The land use right certificate will expire in November 2048. The Company amortizes the land use right over 39 years starting from the date of acquisition. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company has recorded $224,185 (2012 - $218,480) amortization expense on land use right. The amortization was included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the next five years, the Company will amortize approximately $220,000 annually on the land use right.

(c) The construction license was acquired through the acquisition of Xinxing Construction. The construction license, which is subject to renewal every 5 years, is not amortized and has an indefinite estimated useful life because management believes it will be able to continuously renew the license in future years. The license is subject to renewal on January 1, 2016.

The Company evaluates its intangible asset for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Based on the discounted estimated future cash flows, the Company will record a write-down for impairments if the discounted cash flows are over the carrying value of the intangible asset.

No impairment write-down was recognized for December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Deposits on land use rights

	2013		2012
Deposits on land use rights		59,155,165		42,748,017

The deposits on land use rights are mainly for the land in Baqiao area, including Textile City textile city and Golden Bay B. The Company acquired the land of Golden Bay B in March, 2014. The deposits on land use rights after the acquisition of Golden Bay only includes the $16.5 million (RMB 100 million) for Textile City.

The Company conducts regular reviews of its deposits on land use rights. After review and assessment, the Company concluded that there were no significant decreases in market prices and therefore no impairment write-downs were required.

Income producing properties

The total rental income (cash inflow) from leasing the Tsining JunJing I commercial retail property was $0.8 million (RMB 5.1 million) during 2013 compared with $0.8 million (RMB 5.0 million) during 2012. Based on the $0.8 million (RMB 5.1 million) of net cash receipts in 2013, it will take the Company approximately 12.4 years to recover the $10.4 million (RMB 63) million carrying value of the asset. There was no cash outflow in connection with the maintenance and repair of the property. The annual amortization of this property is $0.5 million (RMB 3 million) (non-cash item) per year over 30 years.

We do not believe the property cannot be sold with reasonable effort. Many potential customers have shown their interest in buying this property. However, we have signed lease agreements with several parties and the longest term amongst these agreements does not expire until year 2022. We may not be able to sell the property before the expiration date of the lease agreements. In addition, the Company currently uses this property as collateral for loans outstanding and due to the nature of our operation, we will likely use this property as collateral again in the future.

We assess whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of this property may not be recoverable. When these events occur, we measure impairment by comparing the carrying value to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the total of the expected undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, we recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value of the assets. Our judgments and estimates related to impairment include our determination of whether an event has occurred to warrant an impairment test. If a test is required, we will have to make additional judgments and estimations such as our expectations of future cash flows and the calculation of the fair value of the impaired assets.

During the fourth quarter of 2012, we sold 7,367 square meters of JunJing I commercial property for $14.9 million (RMB 94.3 million). The carrying value of the sold property was only $8.5 million (RMB 52.8 million). Therefore, we believe there is no impairment for the commercial property. The remaining commercial property has a GFA of 5,371 square meters, with a carrying value of $6.4 million (RMB 38.5 million). The market selling price of properties like TsiningJunJing I commercial retail property was much higher than its cost when we reclassified it from inventory to fixed assets. Thus, our assessment does not show any impairment to the carrying value of the property.

We are also generating income from other income producing properties.

Material trends and uncertainties that may impact our continuing operations

Changes in national and regional economic conditions, as well as local economic conditions where we conduct our operations and where prospective purchasers of our homes live, may result in more caution on the part of homebuyers and consequently fewer home purchases. According to E House (China) Real Estate Research Institute the average residential sale price in Xi’an city was stable in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013. The average selling price of residential increased by 1% to RMB 6,893 (US$1,121) per square meter than 2012.

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Most purchasers of our homes finance their acquisitions through lenders providing mortgage financing. A substantial increase in mortgage interest rates or unavailability of mortgage financing would adversely affect the ability of prospective homebuyers to obtain the financing they need in order to purchase our homes, as well as the ability of prospective move-up homebuyers to sell their current homes. For example, if mortgage financing became less available, demand for our homes could decline. A reduction in demand could also have an adverse effect on the pricing of our homes because we (and our competitors) may reduce prices in an effort to compete for home buyers. A reduction in pricing could result in a decline in revenues and margins. Additional government policies were implemented by the local government in February 2011 to curb speculation in the real estate market. These new policies included capping year-over-year housing unit average selling price increases to 15%, restricting third-time home purchases for local residents and second-time home purchases for non-local residents. These new policies could result in buying hesitation amongst potential new customers, and could impact our revenues.

The real estate development industry is capital intensive, and development requires significant up-front expenditures to acquire land and begin development. Accordingly, we incur substantial indebtedness to finance our homebuilding and land development activities. Although we believe that internally generated funds and current borrowing capacity will be sufficient to fund our capital and other expenditures (including land acquisition, development and construction activities), the amounts available from such sources may not be adequate to meet our needs. If such sources are not sufficient, we may seek additional capital in the form of debt or equity financing from a variety of potential sources, including bank financings and/or securities offerings. The availability of borrowed funds, to be utilized for land acquisition, development and construction, may be greatly reduced, and the lending community may require increased amounts of equity to be invested in a project by borrowers in connection with new loans. Failure to obtain sufficient capital to fund planned capital and other expenditures could have a material adverse effect on our business.

In addition, regulatory requirements could cause us to incur significant liabilities and operating expenses and could restrict our business activities. We are subject to statutes and rules regulating, among other things, certain developmental matters, building and site design, and matters concerning the protection of health and the environment. Our operating expenses may be increased by governmental regulations such as building permit allocation ordinances and other fees and taxes, which may be imposed to defray the cost of providing certain governmental services and improvements. Any delay or refusal from governmental agencies to grant us necessary licenses, permits and approvals could have an adverse effect on our operations.

As of December 31, 2013, we had $21,320,071 of cash, compared to $6,121,448 as of December 31, 2012, an increase of $15,198,623.

The Company believes that the combination of present capital resources, internally generated funds, and unused financing sources are more than adequate to meet cash requirements. We intend to meet our liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to the purchase of land for the development of our future projects, through cash flow provided by operations and additional funds raised by future financings. Upon acquiring land for future development, we intend to raise funds to develop our projects by obtaining mortgage financing mainly from local banking institutions with whom we have done business in the past. We believe that our relationships with these banks are in good standing and that our real estate will secure any loans that are needed. We believe that adequate cash flow will be available to fund our operations.

CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2013 Compared With 2012

Revenues

Our revenues are primarily derived from the sale of residential and commercial units in western China, mainly in Xi’an and the surrounding area. We also perform infrastructure work for the local government as well as preliminary land development projects.

The revenues from our real estate sales in the year ended December 31, 2013, increased 38% to $159.2 million from $115.3 million as compared to 2012. We believe the primary reasons for the increase were stable sales and increased revenue recognition due to higher percentage of completion. Our JunJing III project, Puhua Phase One and Phase Two projects continued serving as main revenue contributors during the year.

Revenues by project:	2013			2012
US$
Project Under Construction
Puhua Phase Two – East Region		13,097,087			13,947,456
Puhua Phase Three		39,854,198			-
Park Plaza		62,565,846			-
Ankang Project		18,148,162			-
Projects Completed
Puhua Phase Two – West Region and NCL (NCL under project under construction in 2012)		21,450,765			40,735,681
Junjing III		(125,247	)		28,266,126
Puhua Phase One		3,136,488			27,295,509
Junjing II Phase Two		488,825			3,256,293
Junjing I		587,239			1,779,466
Other Projects		19,500			18,897
Revenues from the Sale of Properties	$	159,222,863			115,299,428

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The following table summarizes details of our most significant projects:

	2013			2012
US$
Project Under Construction
Puhua Phase Two – East Region contract sales	$	14,024,668		$	20,642,857
Revenue	$	13,097,087		$	13,947,456
Total gross floor area (GFA) available for sale		119,311			160,640
GFA sold during the period		12,819			23,229
Remaining GFA available for sale		95,497			125,847
Percentage of completion		83.2	%		58.5	%
Percentage GFA sold during the period		10.7	%		14.4	%
Percentage GFA sold to date		20	%		21.7	%
Average sales price per GFA	$	1,094		$	888
Puhua Phase Three contract sales	$	55,969,912		$
Revenue	$	39,854,198		$
Total gross floor area (GFA) available for sale		129,049
GFA sold during the period		66,753
Remaining GFA available for sale		62,296
Percentage of completion		65	%			%
Percentage GFA sold during the period		52	%			%
Percentage GFA sold to date		52	%			%
Average sales price per GFA	$	838		$
Park Plaza Phase I contract sales	$	69,848,825		$
Revenue	$	62,565,846		$
Total gross floor area (GFA) available for sale		107,060
GFA sold during the period		50,443
Remaining GFA available for sale		56,617
Percentage of completion		83.2	%
Percentage GFA sold during the period		47.1	%
Percentage GFA sold to date		47.1	%
Average sales price per GFA	$	1,385		$
Ankang Project contract sales	$	32,452,191		$
Revenue	$	18,148,162		$
Total gross floor area (GFA) available for sale		243,152
GFA sold during the period		52,493
Remaining GFA available for sale		190,659
Percentage of completion		41.4	%
Percentage GFA sold during the period		22	%
Percentage GFA sold to date		22	%
Average sales price per GFA	$	618		$

Revenues from projects under construction

Puhua Phase Two – East Region: consists of 12 middle-rise and high-rise buildings and Garden Houses with total expected revenues of approximately $126 million. During 2013, we secured $13,934,162 million contract sales and recognized $13,197,087 million revenue.

Puhua Phase Three: Puhua Phase Three project covers 30,600 square meters with a total GFA of 129,049 square meters. We started pre-sale of Puhua Phase Three during the first quarter of 2013. The contract revenue for Puhua Phase Three was $56 million as of December 31, 2013 and we recognized $39.9 million by the end of December 2013 based on the percentage of completion method. The Company started revenue recognition in the first quarter of 2013, so there was no revenue in 2012.

Park Plaza: In July 2009, the Company entered into a letter of intent to acquire 44,250 square meters of land in the center of Xi’an for the Park Plaza project. In March 2011, the Company officially acquired the land use right for Park Plaza. The Company intends to develop a large mid-upper income residential and commercial project on this site, with a GFA of 107,060 square meters. The four-year construction of Park Plaza started in the second quarter 2012. The contract revenue for Park Plaza was $70 million as of December 31, 2013, of which we recognized $62.6 million. The total revenue from Park Plaza is estimated to be $140.8 million. The Company just started the revenue recognition in the first quarter of 2013, so there was no revenue in 2012.

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AnkangProject : The Ankang project is located in Ankang city, which is approximately 260 kilometers south of Xi’an in China’s Shaanxi Province. The project consists of residential buildings and a commercial area. Construction started in the second quarter of 2012 and presales started in the fourth quarter of 2012. Total projected revenue is estimated to be $206.3 million. Total GFA of the project is expected to reach 243,152 square meters. The Ankang project commenced revenue recognition for 6 residential buildings in the second quarter of 2013. The contract revenue for Ankang Project was $32.5 million as of December 31, 2013 and we have recognized $18.1 million in revenue. There was no revenue recognized in 2012.

Revenues from projects completed

During 2013, we recognized $25,557,570 in revenue from completed projects compared with $60,616,291 in the same period of 2012. The Company has higher revenue in 2012 is due to revenue from Puhua Phase One and JunJing III project which were just completed by the end of 2012. These two projects generated revenue of $55.6 million in 2012. The completed projects also included Tsining JunJing I, and JunJing II Phase One and Phase Two. Typically we hold and lease commercial units of completed projects to generate rental income.

Other Revenue

Other income includes property management fees, rental income, revenues from the disposal of fixed assets as well as government’s allowance for the equivalent cost of interest on the Company’s investments required to support infrastructure construction, continued river management and suburban planning for the entire Baqiao high-technology industrial park. We recognized $30.8 million in other income for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared with $28 million in 2012. The 10 percent decrease is detailed in the following table:

	2013		2012
Interest income (a)	$	7,349,363	$	160,597
Rental income		922,414		910,406
Income from property management services		3,937,088		4,209,386
Construction contract income		18,547,162		22,321,169
Miscellaneous income		55,867		473,643
Total	$	30,811,894	$	28,075,201

a. Interest revenue was mainly generated from the deposits amount of $100.6 million we made for the USD loan from several banks .

Cost of real estate sales

The cost of properties and land for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased 57.93 percent to $124.2 million compared with $78.6 million in the same period of 2012. The increase of cost is in line with the increase of sales and the increased price of construction cost.

Gross profit and profit margin

Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $43.8 million, representing an increase of 7.96 percent from $40.6 million in the same period of 2012. The gross profit margin for the year ended December 31, 2013 was 23.1 percent compared with 28.3 percent in the same period of 2012.

The decrease of gross profit is mainly because the low margin of Park Plaza and Ankang project. The gross profit margin of Park plaza is only about 22 percent because of the high cost. The 24 percent gross profit margin of Ankang project is due to the low selling price. The average selling price of Ankang project in 2013 was only $650 (RMB 3995) per square meter which is much lower than Xi’an market.

Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During 2013, real estate development projects with gross profits recognized in 2012 had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As a result of these changes in gross profit margins, net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased by $512,003 (2012 - increased by $347,706;) or basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased by $0.015 and $0.015, respectively (2012 – increased by $0.01 and $0.01in both basic and diluted earnings per share).

Selling, general and administrative expenses

SG&A for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased 3.37 percent to $17 million from $16.4 million in the same period of 2012. The increase was primarily due to increased advertising and selling expenses during 2013 in connection with additional projects starting pre-sale, and increased employee salary expenses, which contributed to the higher administrative expenses. The ratio of SG&A to total revenues for the year decreased to 8.93% in 2013 from 11.45% in 2012.The decrease in the ratio of SG&A to total revenue was primarily due to the increase in revenue.

Stock-based compensation

On June 13, 2011, the Company granted options to acquire common stock of the Company to employees, officers and directors. The exercise price of the options is determined by the fair value of the common stock at the grant date.

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Options expire on the earlier of ten years from the issue date, subject to earlier termination resulting from an optionee’s death or departure from the Company or change of control. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, options granted vest as to 30%, 30% and 40% on each of the first, second and third anniversary dates of the option grants. The vesting is also subject to certain performance conditions on each vesting date.

The Company also issued common stock to directors and managements compensates compensation for their services. The common stock was valued base on the closing price of the shares on the grant date.

Compensation expense for stock options and common stock issued is recognized over the vesting period. During the year ended December 31, 2013, compensation expense was $1,375,857 compared with $1,010,875 in the same period of 2012. The expense was recognized in the consolidated statements of income.

Other expenses

Other expenses consist mainly of late delivery settlements and maintenance costs and other miscellaneous expenses. Other expenses in the year ended December 31, 2013 increased 226.3 percent to $400,247 compared with $122,651 in the same period of 2012.

Loss (gain) from disposal of property and equipment

The loss from disposal of property was $1,107,212 in 2013 compared with a gain of $6,086,257 in 2012. During the year the Company sold part of its income producing properties with carrying value of $1,764,027 million to Days Hotel for $656,815 million and generated a loss of $1,107,212 million. These properties included some equipment room and parking that can only be used by Days Hotel. Thus, , a sale to another party was unlikely.Thereforethe Company decided to sell the properties to Days Hotel at a price lower than the book value. The gain in2012 was due to the sale of some commercial properties to third parties.

Financing expense

Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased 1212 percent to $7.3 million from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The increase was primarily due to the interest paid to Bank of China, Macau Branch and Bank of China, Singapore branch for the U.S. dollars borrowed to redeem Prax Capital’s interest in Puhua during year 2011 and 2012. Interest expense on these loans was capitalized before the end of 2012. Since the Company repaid the loans to Prax, we started to expense the interest in 2013. In addition, only 50% of the interest incurred on the Dinghui loan for construction of the Golden Bay project can be capitalized to the project during the second and third quarter of 2013 because the Company acquired the land of Golden Bay in December.

Change in fair value of embedded derivative and warrant accretion expense on convertible debt

The Convertible Debt was fully repaid as of December 31, 2012. Therefore, there were no changes in fair value for embedded derivatives and no accretion expenses were incurred during 2013. The gain from the change in the fair value of embedded derivatives for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $nil compared with a gain of $330,628 in 2012.

All warrants expired during the 2012 fiscal year. As such, there were no changes in fair value of the warrants issued through the private placements in 2007 during 2013. The change in the fair value of the warrants resulted in a $4,162 gain for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Provision of income taxes

The provision for current income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $5.0 million compared with $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in net income from business operations.

Net income

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased 41.8 percent to $11.8 million from $20.2 million in the same period of 2012. The decrease of net income is mainly due to the increase of financing expenses and loss on disposal of properties which cause the reduction of net income.

Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) attributable to China Housing & Land Development, Inc.

Basic EPS attributable to China Housing & Land Development, Inc. was $0.33 for the year ended December 31, 2013, compared to $0.58 in the same period of 2012. Diluted EPS attributable to China Housing &Land Development, Inc. was $0.33 for the year ended December 31, 2012, compared to $0.57 for 2012. The number of shares outstanding did not change significantly from year to year.

Common shares used to calculate basic and diluted EPS attributable to China Housing & Land Development, Inc.

The weighted average shares outstanding used to calculate basic EPS attributable to China Housing & Land Development, Inc. was 35,127,877 shares in the year ended December 31, 2013 and 34,954,909 shares in the same period of 2012. The weighted average shares outstanding used to calculate the diluted EPS attributable to China Housing & Land Development, Inc. was 35,127,877 shares in the year ended December 31, 2013 and 36,548,485 shares for 2012. The increase of common shares wasdue to the issuance of shares to directors and management during 2013.

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Foreign exchange

The Company operates in China and the functional currency is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”) but the reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, based on the exchange rates of the two currencies. The fluctuation of the exchange rate during 2013 and the same period of 2012, when translating the operating results and financial positions at different exchange rates, created the accrued gain (loss) on foreign exchange. The gain on foreign exchange for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $6,546,790, compared with a gain of $1,471,275 in 2012.

Cash flow discussion

There was a net cash inflow of $13,462,206 for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared with a cash outflow of $15,622,566 cash outflow during the same period of 2012.

The cash inflow amounts in financing activities increased to $87.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared to an outflow of $0.5 million in the same period of 2012. The increase was caused by the repayment of bank loans totaling $123.7 million during 2012 and repayment of convertible debts amounting to $9.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2012.

There was a cash outflow of $5.1 million from investing activities in 2013, compared with a cash outflow of $5.2 million for the same period of 2012. During 2013, we received $0.7 million from the sale of commercial property which was classified as property and equipment, and had $5.5 million in proceeds from sales of property and equipment during 2012. Purchase of property and equipment decreased from $10.7 million to $5.8 million because most of the investment on the new office building occurred in 2012.

There was a cash outflow of $68.8 million for operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2013 compared with a $9.8 million outflow in 2012. The difference is mainly due to the large payment of construction cost in 2013. Furthermore, the Company paid a RMB 160 million deposit for part of the land of Golden Bay project that caused the large cash outflow. Meanwhile, the Company paid large amount of accrued expenses balance in 2013 and advance from customers decreased.

The U.S. holding company may require operational funding, from time to time, to pay various professional fees, such as directors’ compensation, etc. The current PRC government’s control on convertibility of RMB to U.S. dollars does not apply to paying for the operating expenses so long as the Company can present valid invoices and/or agreements to the Administration for Foreign Exchange.

Our PRC subsidiaries have never declared or paid dividends or made other equity distributions to the U.S. holding company.

The ratio of receivables to sales was 26 percent as of December 31, 2013 and 23 percent as of December 31, 2012. The change in ratio of receivables to sales does not represent the deterioration in the credit quality of our receivables or a change in our revenue recognition policies. In general, the Company does not recognize revenues until all permits including pre-sales permits are obtained. Other than the down payments made by customers upon the signing of the sales agreements, most of the balances from the sales are receivable through mortgage financings. Usually, the mortgage approval process ranges from two month to six months, depending on the bank’s credit limit and customer credit worthiness. Account receivables are determined by bank mortgage approval process. The longer the banks take to approve customer mortgages, the greater our account receivables are.

Debt leverage

Total debt consists of loans payable, loans from employees, convertible debt and mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests in subsidiaries.

Total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2013 was $300.7 million compared with $202.6 million in 2012 which was due to the increase of loans from third parties.

Net debt outstanding (total debt less cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash) as of December 31, 2013 was $161.8 million compared with $85.9 million as of December 31, 2012. The Company’s net debt as a percentage of total capital (net debt plus shareholders’ equity) was 54 percent on December 31, 2013 and 41.7 percent on December 31, 2012. The increase of debt is due the new borrowing from loans from Dinghui, Bank of Communications and Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch.

Liquidity and capital resources

Our principal liquidity demands are based on the development of new properties, property acquisitions, and general corporate endeavors.

As of December 31, 2013, we had $21,320,071 of cash compared with $6,121,448 of cash as of December 31, 2012, an increase of $15.2 million. Our cash flow from financing activities provided $87.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2013 compared with an outflow of $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2012. Along with progress in projects, we expect to see positive cash inflows from these internally generated cash flows which can be used to fund part of our projects in the pipeline.

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Our ordinary payments such as construction costs, selling and administration expenses are funded by payments and deposits from our real estate sales as well as financing, and our land acquisition costs are mainly funded through financing. The Company has several ongoing projects in 2014 including Ankang, Park Plaza, Puhua Phase Three, Puhua Phase Four and Golden Bay projects and we expect the deposits and payments from the pre-sales and sales of these projects will be a significant funding source for our operations and up-coming obligations. The Company also borrows from Days Hotel, our management employees, and some related and unrelated funding companies to fund our daily operations and other obligations. With the above arrangements, we will be able to meet all our financial obligations over the next 12 months.

The Company believes that the combination of present capital resources, internally generated funds, and unused financing sources are more than adequate to meet cash requirements for the year 2014.

We intend to meet our liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to the purchase of land for the development of our future projects, through cash flow provided by operations and additional funds raised by future financings. Upon acquiring land for future developments, we intend to raise funds to develop our projects by obtaining mortgage as well as equity financing mainly from local banking institutions with which we have done business in the past and fund companies. We believe that our relationships with these banks and fund companies are in good standing and that our real estate will secure the loans needed. We believe that adequate cash flows will be available to fund our operations.

According to our preliminary 2014 business plan which is subject to approval of the board, the total cash inflow for the whole year will be approximately US$450 million (RMB 2.77 billion) and total cash outflow will be approximately US$438 million (RMB 2.69 billion) with a net cash inflow of approximately US$12 million (RMB 77 million). The cash inflow includes cash generated from sales and financing from banks and fund companies. Despite the trend of decreasing operating cash flows, we expect the operating cash flow of the Company will improve during 2014 with the sale of more Puhua project and Park Plaza units and with the commencement of our Golden Bay project. Under the plan, the Company expects to incur new borrowings amounting to RMB 870 million while repaying RMB 995.5 million in loans. The plan was made at the beginning of the year and is adjusted throughout the year according to actual performance results. We can confirm that additional borrowings will not violate any of our debt covenants.

The majority of the Company’s revenues and expenses were denominated primarily in Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the People’s Republic of China. There is no assurance that exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar will remain stable. The Company does not engage in currency hedging. Inflation has not had a material impact on the Company’s business.

Commitments

The Company leases part of its office and hotel space under various operating lease agreements with expiration dates in 2019.

In connection with the loans borrowed from XinYing, the Company also signed a finance consulting agreement with XinYing whereby the Company is committed to pay consulting fees on a quarterly basis up to July 2015 for financing services provided.

Additionally, the Company had various commitments related to land use right acquisitions with unpaid balances of approximately $16.5 million. The balances are not due until the vendor removes the existing building on the land and changes the zoning status of the land use right certificate. Based on the current condition, the Company estimates that the balances will be paid in a year.

All future payments required under the various agreements are summarized below:

	Payment due by period
Commitments and Contingencies	Total		Less than 1 year		1-2 years		2-3 years		3-4 years		4-5 years		After 5 years
Operating leases	$	96,360		96,360		-		-		-		-		-
Consulting fees		4,194,679		2,576,936		1,617,743		-		-		-		-
Land use rights		16,518,823		16,518,823		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	20,809,862		19,192,119		1,617,743		-		-		-		-

Financial obligations

As of December 31, 2013, we had total bank loans of $274.9 million with a weighted average interest rate of 9 percent.

Our mortgage debt (total bank loans) is secured by the assets of the Company and corporate guarantee of Tsining, Puhua and the Company.

Loans payable

Loans payable represent amounts due to various banks and are due on demand or within three years. These loans generally can be renewed with the banks when they mature. Loans payable at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 consisted of the following:

39

	2013		2012
Bank of Beijing
The Company signed an agreement for a line of credit of approximately $33.04 million (RMB 200 million). Originally due on November 30, 2014 with annual interest rate of 130% of People’s Bank of China prime rate. The loan was fully repaid in April 2013.	$	-	$	22,471,549
Construction Bank of China
Originally due on March 6, 2015, annual interest is People’s Bank of China prime rate plus 1%. The loan was secured by the Junjing III project and land use right. The loan was fully repaid during the first quarter of fiscal 2013.		-		1,605,111
Construction Bank of China
Annual interest is 105% of People’s Bank of China prime rate (6.15%). The loan is secured by the Park Plaza Phase I project and land use right. The repayment schedule is as follows: May 30, 2014 - $4,129,706 (RMB 25 million); November 30, 2014 - $6,607,529(RMB 40 million); May 30, 2015 - $6,607,529 (RMB 40 million); November 30, 2015, $9,911,294 (RMB 60 million), May 30, 2016, $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million). The loan is also subject to certain repayment requirements based on percentage of sales contracts signed over total estimated sales amount of Park Plaza Phase I.		28,907,941		-
Bank of China, Macau Branch
Originally due on December 16, 2013 and extended to December 16, 2015, annual interest is based on 3-month LIBOR (“LIBOR”) rate plus 2.5%. The 3-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2013 was 0.2442% (2012 - 0.3095%), secured by $33,037,646 (RMB 200 million) of restricted cash.		31,000,000		31,000,000
Bank of Communication offshore branch
Due on November 13, 2015, annual rate is 2.9%, secured by $37,167,352 (RMB 225 million) of restricted cash.		30,000,000		30,000,000
Bank of China, Singapore Office
Due November 22, 2014, annual interest is based on 3-month LIBOR rate plus 1.55%. The 3-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2013 was 0.2442% (2012 - 0.3095%), secured by $33,037,646 (RMB 200 million) of restricted cash.		31,800,000		31,800,000
LUSO International Bank The Company signed an agreement for a line of credit of $9.7 million with LUSO International Bank. The amount that can be withdrawn is limited to 97% of the restricted cash secured for the line of credit. The total amount will be due on March 27, 2015. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has drawn $7,761,153 from the line of $9.7 million which is 94% of $ 8,259,412 (RMB 50 million) restricted cash secured. Annual interest is based on the 12-month LIBOR rate plus 2.7%. The 12-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2013 was 0.5795% (2012 - 0.3095%).		7,761,153		7,761,153
Xi’an Xinxing Days Hotel & Suites Co., Ltd. (“Days Hotel”)
There are several loans from Days Hotel, including: $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million) due on February 27, 2014 (repaid subsequent to year end); $8,094,223 (RMB 49 million) due on June 30, 2014; $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million) was originally due on February 27, 2014, and the Company extended the repayment date to October 20, 2014 subsequently; $8,259,412 (RMB 50 million) due on November 13, 2014; and $247,782 due on January 17, 2015 (RMB 1.5 million). All Days Hotel loans have an annual interest rate of 20%.		19,905,182		21,219,563
Shanghai XinYing Fund, LLC (“XinYing”)
Due August 7, 2014, annual interest is 9.6% and the effective annual interest rate is 27.16% due to related finance consulting fees, secured by 100% ownership of Xinxing Construction’s shares, corporate guarantee from Tsining, Puhua, and the Company (Note 24). The repayment schedule is as follows: June 1, 2014 - $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million); and August 7, 2014 – $19,822,588 (RMB 120 million).		21,474,470		24,076,660
Shenzhen Qianhai Dinghui Equity Investment Fund Partnership (“Dinghui”)
On March 22, 2013, the Company received $41,297,058 (RMB 250 million) from Dinghui to fund the pending acquisition of the land use right for the Company’s Golden Bay project and/or other construction. In connection with the loan, the Company transferred 49% of Fangzhou’s common shares to Dinghui in December 2012 as security for the loan. Dinghui will not participate in the decision making, operation and profit/loss sharing of Fangzhou. Once the land use right is obtained, the Company will use the land use right as a pledge for the loan and Dinghui will revert the transferred common shares of Fangzhou back to the Company. The loan is also guaranteed by the Company and the Company’s President. The loan is due on March 21, 2015 with an annual interest rate of 20%.		41,297,058		-

40

Bank of Communications
Annual interest is 120% of People’s Bank of China prime rate (6.15%). The loan is secured by a portion of the Puhua Phase III project and land use right. The repayment schedule is as follows: June 20, 2014 - $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million); December 20, 2014 - $6,607,529 (RMB 40 million); June 20, 2015 - $8,259,412 (RMB 50 million); and December 20, 2015 - $16,518,823 (RMB 100 million).		33,037,646		-
Changcheng Financing Company Limited Originally due on November 8, 2014, annual interest rate is 19%, secured by an income producing property of Tsining. The loan was repaid in November 2013, one year before the original due to. This is allowed under the original loan agreement.		-		4,815,332
Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch Annual interest is 130% People’s Bank of China prime rate (6.15%). The loan is secured by a portion of the Puhua Phase II project and land use right. The repayment schedule is as follows: June 21, 2014 - $4,955,647 (RMB 30 million); September 21, 2014 - $4,955,647 (RMB 30 million); December 21, 2014 - $8,259,412 (RMB 50 million); April 24, 2015 - $11,563,176 (RMB 70 million). The loan is also subject to certain repayment requirements based on percentage of sales contracts signed over total estimated sales amounts of Puhua Phase II.		29,733,882		-
Total	$	274,917,332	$	174,749,368

Except for the loans from Bank of China Macau Branch, Bank of China Singapore Branch and Bank of Communication offshore branch, which were drawn to repay mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest in Subsidiaries and the loans from LUSO International Bank, which were drawn to repay convertible debt , all other loans were drawn to directly finance construction projects and the interest paid was capitalized and allocated to various real estate construction projects or expensed if the interest costs did not meet the capitalization criteria.

The $37.2 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $30 million loan from Bank of Communications offshore Branch, the $33.04 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $31 million loan from Bank of China, Macau Branch, the $33.04 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $31.8 million loan from Bank of China, Singapore Branch, and $8.3 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $7.76 million loan from LUSO International Bank. These borrowings were incurred in Hong Kong to repay the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares of Prax. However, the majority of the Company’s cash resided in mainland China and to wire funds from mainland China to Hong Kong is subject to foreign exchange restrictions imposed by the PRC government. Thus, in order for us to repay our Hong Kong and oversea counterparties, we had to utilize the special lending facilities provided by major PRC banks and foreign financial institutions (i.e. JP Morgan and Bank of China) to allow the Company to borrow outside of mainland China using cash we have in mainland China as guarantees.

The loans payable balances were secured by certain of the Company’s real estate held for development or sale and land use right with a carrying value of $151,078,309 at December 31, 2013 (2012 - $44,920,900).No buildings or income producing properties and improvements were pledged as at December 31, 2013 (2012- $4,287,898). The weighted average interest rate on loans payable as at December 31, 2013 was 8.7% (2012 – 7.1%).

The loans from Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch and Construction Bank of China are subject to certain repayment terms based on certain percentage of units sold in Puhua Phase II and Park Plaza projects. Based on these repayment terms, Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch and Construction Bank of China can demand repayment of all remaining balances outstanding at any time.

The principal repayment requirements over the following 2 years are as follows:

Due in 1 year	$	139,833,104
1 – 2 years		135,084,228
	$	274,917,332

Liquidity expectation

The Company believes that the combination of present capital resources, internally generated funds, and unused financing sources are more than adequate to meet cash requirements for the year 2014.

We intend to meet our liquidity requirements, including capital expenditures related to the purchase of land for the development of our future projects, through cash flow provided by operations and additional funds raised by future financings. Upon acquiring land for future developments, we intend to raise funds to develop our projects by obtaining mortgage as well as equity financing mainly from local banking institutions with which we have done business in the past and fund companies. We believe that our relationships with these banks and fund companies are in good standing and that our real estate will secure the loans needed. We believe that adequate cash flow will be available to fund our operations.

41

The majority of the Company’s revenues and expenses were denominated primarily in Renminbi (“RMB”), the currency of the People’s Republic of China. There is no assurance that exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar will remain stable. The Company does not engage in currency hedging. Inflation has not had a material impact on the Company’s business.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company is subject to the following market risks, including but not limit to:

General Real Estate Risk

There is a risk that the Company’s property values could go down due to general economic conditions, a weak market for real estate generally, or changing supply and demand.

Risk Relating to Property Sales

The Company may not be able to sell a property at a particular time for full value, particularly in a poor market.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The Company conducts all of its business in the People’s Republic of China. All the revenue and profit of the Company is denominated in RMB. When the RMB depreciates, it may adversely affect the Company’s financial performance. Specifically, since the Company’s senior convertible note interest payment is denominated in U.S. dollars; the depreciation of RMB may incur additional cost to our financial cost. However, the effect likely would be small.

42

ITEM 8 FINANCIAL STATEMENT AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of

China Housing & Land Development, Inc., and subsidaries

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of China Housing & Land Development, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of China Housing & Land Development, Inc.’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of China Housing & Land Development, Inc. as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years then ended in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Signed:

MNP LLP
Toronto, Canada
March 24, 2014

 

43

CHINA HOUSING & LAND DEVELOPMENT, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012

	2013			2012
ASSETS
Cash	$	21,320,071		$	6,121,448
Cash - restricted		117,534,900			110,576,248
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $594,382 and $577,713, respectively		41,158,998			26,429,332
Construction in excess of billing		2,106,975			1,484,626
Other receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets, net		7,188,153			6,854,325
Real estate held for development or sale		289,474,812			212,371,875
Property and equipment, net		36,281,168			33,837,346
Advances to suppliers		697,823			1,363,817
Deposits on land use rights		59,155,165			42,748,017
Intangible assets, net		42,453,473			54,482,252
Goodwill		1,969,964			1,914,186
Deferred financing costs		151,585			194,162
Total assets	$	619,493,087		$	498,377,634
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	59,400,262		$	55,142,928
Advances from customers		45,441,402			49,297,915
Accrued expenses		17,439,541			22,229,514
Income tax payable		24,534,095			19,865,906
Other taxes payable		7,139,870			3,861,158
Other payables		12,755,824			11,228,553
Loans from employees		25,759,453			27,868,785
Loans payable		274,917,332			174,749,368
Deferred tax liability		14,782,118			14,521,613
Total liabilities		482,169,897			378,765,740
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock: $.001 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 35,849,204 and 35,438,079, respectively		35,849			35,438
Additional paid in capital		51,347,620			49,972,174
Treasury stock at cost; 1,166,369 shares and 351,480 shares, respectively		(2,400,288	)		(434,240	)
Statutory reserves		11,535,242			9,903,457
Retained earnings		48,696,878			38,573,966
Accumulated other comprehensive income		28,107,889			21,561,099
Total shareholders' equity		137,323,190			119,611,894
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	619,493,087		$	498,377,634

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

44

CHINA HOUSING & LAND DEVELOPMENT, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

For The Years Ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

	2013			2012
REVENUES
Real estate sales	$	159,222,863		$	115,299,428
Other revenue		30,811,894			28,075,201
Total revenues		190,034,757			143,374,629
COST OF REVENUES
Cost of real estate sales		124,152,403			78,612,305
Cost of other revenue		22,056,802			24,168,489
Total cost of revenues		146,209,205			102,780,794
Gross margin		43,825,552			40,593,835
OPERATING EXPENSES
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		16,968,686			16,415,255
Stock-based compensation		1,375,857			1,010,875
Other expenses		400,247			122,651
Financing expense		7,317,008			557,336
Accretion expense on convertible debt		-			954,979
Total operating expenses		26,061,798			19,061,096
CHANGE IN FAIR VALUE OF DERIVATIVES
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives		-			(330,628	)
Change in fair value of warrants		-			(4,162	)
Total change in fair value of derivatives		-			(334,790	)
Loss (gain) from disposal of property and equipment		1,107,212			(6,086,257	)
Income before provision for income taxes		16,656,542			27,953,786
Provision for current income taxes		5,039,240			7,910,373
Recovery of deferred taxes		(137,395	)		(167,358	)
Provision for income taxes		4,901,845			7,743,015
NET INCOME	$	11,754,697		$	20,210,771
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		35,127,877			34,954,909
Diluted		35,127,877			36,548,485
EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic	$	0.33		$	0.58
Diluted	$	0.33		$	0.57

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

45

CHINA HOUSING & LAND DEVELOPMENT, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For The Years Ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

	2013		2012
NET INCOME	$	11,754,697	$	20,210,771
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Foreign currency translation adjustment		6,546,790		1,471,275
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME	$	18,301,487	$	21,682,046

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

46

CHINA HOUSING & LAND DEVELOPMENT INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For The Years Ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

	December 31,			December 31,
	2013			2012
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	11,754,697		$	20,210,771
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Bad debt recovery		(164	)		-
Depreciation		2,598,326			2,065,380
Stock-based compensation		1,375,857			1,010,875
Loss(gain) on disposal of property and equipment		1,107,212			(6,086,257	)
Amortization of deferred financing costs		-			156,064
Amortization of intangible assets		13,498,819			218,480
Recovery of deferred taxes		(137,395	)		(167,358	)
Change in fair value of embedded derivatives		-			(330,628	)
Change in fair value of warrants		-			(4,162	)
Accretion expense on convertible debt		-			954,979
Accretion expense on mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests		-			(1,542,039	)
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Accounts receivable		(13,637,800	)		619,790
Construction in excess of billing		(574,056	)		(1,481,534	)
Other receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets, net		(468,501	)		(5,061,576	)
Real estate held for development or sale		(70,989,071	)		(76,702,170	)
Advances to suppliers		693,807			(454,840	)
(Deposit) refund on land use rights		(15,071,133	)		22,754,848
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable		2,834,646			10,349,314
Advances from customers		(5,243,032	)		(9,459,510	)
Accrued expenses		(5,274,375	)		22,144,899
Other payables		1,185,307			3,665,900
Income and other taxes payable		7,572,979			7,289,569
Net cash used inoperating activities		(68,773,877	)		(9,849,205	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment		(5,793,142	)		(10,723,887	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		654,321			5,480,530
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,138,821	)		(5,243,357	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Change in restricted cash		(3,694,203	)		(4,001,058	)
Loans from banks		98,841,999			99,673,042
Loans from Days Hotel, Shanghai Xinying Fund LLC, Changcheng Financing Company Limited		46,269,017			51,538,584
Repayments on loans payable		(49,173,393	)		(123,698,502	)
Loans from employees		(2,902,615	)		12,730,011
Repayment for mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest in Subsidiaries		-			(27,112,369	)
Repayment of convertible debt		-			(9,645,570	)
Purchase of treasury stock		(1,966,047	)		(14,142	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		87,374,758			(530,004	)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH		13,462,060			(15,622,566	)
Effects on foreign currency exchange		1,736,563			(270,939	)
Cash, beginning of year		6,121,448			22,014,953
Cash, end of year	$	21,320,071		$	6,121,448

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

47

CHINA HOUSING & LAND DEVELOPMENT, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity

For The Years Ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

															Accumulated
	Common Stock							Additional							other
	Shares		Par Value		Treasury stock			paid in capital		Statutory reserves		Retained Earnings			comprehensive income		Totals
BALANCE, December 31, 2011		35,078,639	$	35,079	$	(420,098	)	$	48,961,658	$	7,857,612	$	20,409,040		$	20,089,824	$	96,933,115
Options issued for stock-based compensation		-		-		-			388,658		-		-			-		388,658
Common stock issued for services		359,440		359		-			621,858		-		-			-		622,217
Repurchase of common stock		-		-		(14,142	)		-		-		-			-		(14,142	)
Net income		-		-		-			-		-		20,210,771			-		20,210,771
Adjustment to statutory reserve		-		-		-			-		2,045,845		(2,045,845	)		-		-
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-		-		-			1,471,275		1,471,275
BALANCE, December 31, 2012		35,438,079		35,438		(434,240	)		49,972,174		9,903,457		38,573,966			21,561,099		119,611,894
Options issued for stock-based compensation		-		-		-			475,493		-		-			-		475,493
Common stock issued for services		411,125		411		-			899,953		-		-			-		900,364
Repurchase of common stock		-		-		(1,966,048	)		-		-		-			-		(1,966,048	)
Net income		-		-		-			-		-		11,754,697			-		11,754,697
Adjustment to statutory reserve		-		-		-			-		1,631,785		(1,631,785	)		-		-
Foreign currency translation adjustment		-		-		-			-		-		-			6,546,790		6,546,790
BALANCE, December 31, 2013		35,849,204	$	35,849	$	(2,400,288	)	$	51,347,620	$	11,535,242	$	48,696,878		$	28,107,889	$	137,323,190

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

48

Note 1 – Business, Organization and Basis of Presentation

China Housing & Land Development, Inc. (“CHLN”) is a Nevada corporation, originally incorporated on July 6, 2004 under the name Pacific Northwest Productions Inc. (“Pacific”). CHLN and its subsidiaries (“the “Company”) are engaged in acquisition, development, management, and sale of commercial and residential real estate properties located primarily in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China (PRC or China).

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CHLN and its subsidiaries, Xi’an Tsining Housing Development Company Inc. (“Tsining”), Xi’an New Land Development Co. (“New Land”), Manstate Assets Management Limited (“Manstate”), Success Hill Investments Limited (“Success Hill”), Puhua (Xi’an) Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“Puhua”), Xi’an Xinxing Property Management Co., Ltd. (“Xinxing Property”), Suodi Co., Ltd. (“Suodi”), Shaanxi Xinxing Construction Co., Ltd. (“Xinxing Construction”), XinxingFangZhou Housing Development Co., Ltd. (“FangZhou”), Wayfast Holdings Limited (“Wayfast”), Clever Advance Limited (“Clever Advance”), Gracemind Holdings Limited (“Gracemind”), Treasure Asia Holdings Limited (“Treasure Asia”) and AnkangJiYuan Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. (“JiYuan”) (collectively, the “Subsidiaries”). Wayfast with its 100% subsidiary - Clever Advance and Gracemind with its 100% subsidiary - Treasure Asia were incorporated in March 2009 and they were inactive during the year ended December 31, 2013.

The Company’s real estate and development sales operation is dependent on continuous financing from external sources. The Company has, in the past, been successful in obtaining financings from financial institutions, third parties and related parties to support the development of their real estate projects. Management believes they will continue to have an ability to fund and develop their current and future projects.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP” or the “Standard”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Subsidiaries and have been reported in United States dollars. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates, and changes in these estimates are recorded when known. Significant estimates made by management include: revenue recognition, estimated real estate project cost and revenue under the percentage of completion method, allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of real estate held for development or sale, useful lives of property and equipment, amortization of intangible assets, fair value of intangible assets and goodwill, future cash flows associated with impairment testing for tangible and intangible assets and goodwill and income taxes.

Reporting Currency and Foreign Currency Translation

As of December 31, 2013, the accounts of CHLN are maintained in their functional currency which is U.S. dollars. Except for Successhill, whose functional currency is USD, the accounts of all other Subsidiaries are maintained in their functional currency, the Chinese Yuan Renminbi (“RMB”). The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been reported in United States (“U.S.”) dollars in accordance with the Standard on foreign currency translation. All assets and liabilities of the Subsidiaries (except Successhill) with RMB as functional currency are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, shareholders' equity is translated at the historical rates and the statements of income and cash flows are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the year. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

49

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Foreign exchange rates used:

	December 31, 2013		December 31, 2012
Period end RMB/U.S. Dollar exchange rate		6.0537		6.2301
Average RMB/U.S. Dollar exchange rate		6.1481		6.3084

Revenue Recognition

Real estate sales are reported in accordance with the provisions of the Standard “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate”. Revenue from the sales of real estate properties is recognized following the percentage of completion method on the sale of individual units when all the following criteria are met:

A.	Construction is beyond a preliminary state which is when the construction foundation has been completed and construction is above the ground.
B.	The buyer is committed to the extent of being unable to require a refund except for non-delivery of the units or interest. This occurs when the sales agreement has been signed and the customer has paid at least 20% of the purchase price.
C.	Sufficient units have already been sold to assure that the entire property will not revert to a rental property.
D.	Sales prices are collectible.
E.	Aggregate sales proceeds and costs can be reasonably estimated.

If any of the above criteria are not met, proceeds will be accounted for as advances from customers until the criteria are met.

Under the percentage of completion method, revenues from condominium units sold and related costs are recognized over the course of the construction period, based on the completion progress of a project. In relation to any project, revenue is determined by calculating the ratio of incurred costs, including land use rights costs and construction costs, to total estimated costs and applying that ratio to the contracted sales amounts. Cost of sales is recognized by determining the ratio of contracted sales during the period to total estimated sales value and, then, applying that ratio to the incurred costs. Current period amounts are calculated based on the difference between the life-to-date project totals and the previously recognized amounts. Any losses incurred or forecast to occur on real estate transactions are recognized in the period in which the loss is first known.

Significant judgments and estimates related to applying the percentage of completion method include the Company’s estimates of the time necessary to complete the project, the total expected revenue and the total expected costs. Fluctuations in sales prices and variances in costs from budgets could change the percentages of completion and affect the amount of revenue and costs recognized. Changes in total estimated project costs and estimated project revenues, if any, are recognized in the period in which they are determined. Amounts received from customers in excess of revenue recognized to date are classified as liabilities under advances from customers. Amounts received from customers less than revenue recognized to date are classified as assets under accounts receivables.

For the Company’s self-financed sales, the Company recognizes sales based on the full accrual method provided that the buyer's initial and continuing investment is adequate according to the standard, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate”. The initial investment is the buyer's down-payment less the loan amount provided by the Company. Interest on these loans is amortized over the term of the loans.

Other revenue mainly includes property management fees, real estate lease income, real estate construction services for third parties and disposal of property and equipment. Both property management fees and real estate lease income are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the service agreements. Depreciation cost and maintenance cost of the property are recorded as the cost of other revenue.

50

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Revenue Recognition (continued)

The Company also constructs various projects for customers and local governments. Revenues and profits from construction and construction management contracts are recognized for accounting purposes using the percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is determined by relating the actual cost of work performed to date to the current estimated total cost of the respective contracts. When the current estimated costs to complete indicate a loss, such loss is recognized immediately.

Real Estate Held for Development or Sale

Real estate held for development or sale consists of residential and commercial units under construction and units completed. The Company leases the land for the residential and commercial unit sites under land use right leases from PRC.

Real estate held for development or sale includes the cost of land use rights and land improvements, predevelopment costs, direct construction costs and development costs, engineering costs, interest on indebtedness, real estate taxes, wages, insurance, construction overhead and indirect project costs. All costs are capitalized and accumulated by specific projects and allocated to residential and commercial units within the respective projects based on the area of the project. The construction and development costs are allocated using the specific identification method. Total estimated costs of multi-unit developments are allocated to individual units based upon the relative area method.

Real estate held for development or sale is recorded at the lower cost or fair value less costs to sell. It is subject to valuation adjustments when the carrying amount exceeds fair value. Any loss is recognized only if the carrying amount of the assets is not recoverable and exceeds fair value. The carrying amount is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. Estimated fair value is based on comparable sales of real estate in the normal course of business under existing and anticipated market conditions. The evaluation takes into consideration the current status of the property, various restrictions, carrying costs, costs of disposition and any other circumstances that may affect fair value, including management’s plans for the property.

These evaluations are made on a property-by-property basis as seen fit by management whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the net carrying value may not be recoverable.

Capitalization of Interest

In accordance with the Standard “Capitalization of Interest Cost”, interest incurred directly related to ongoing projects is capitalized to real estate held for development or sale during the active development period, which generally commences when borrowings are used to acquire real estate assets and ends when the properties are substantially complete or the property becomes inactive. A project becomes inactive when development and construction activities have been suspended indefinitely. Interest is capitalized based on the interest rate applicable to specific borrowings or the weighted average of the rates applicable to other borrowings during the period. Interest capitalized to real estate held for development or sale is expensed as a component of cost of real estate sales when related units are sold. All other interest is expensed as incurred.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less when purchased.

51

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Restricted Cash

The Company has three types of restricted cash. The first type of restricted cash is imposed by the banks that provide mortgage loans to the home buyers before obtaining the certificates of ownership of the properties as collateral. In order to provide the banks with the certificates of ownership, the Company is required to complete certain procedures with the Chinese government, which normally takes six to twelve months. Because the banks provide the loan proceeds to the Company without obtaining certificates of ownership as loan collateral during this six to twelve month period, the mortgage banks require the Company to maintain restricted cash as security. The banks release this type of restricted cash once they receive the certificates of ownership.

The second type of restricted cash is guaranteed deposits for the loans from foreign banks outside of China. The Company cannot withdraw or transfer this type of restricted cash until the restriction periods have expired and the loans have been repaid.

The third type of restricted cash is related to accounts specifically set up for remittances or receipts of government regulatory fees and funds. The accounts are restricted because they are subject to certain withdrawal limitations.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable includes balances due from customers for the sale of residential and commercial units in the PRC and construction projects engaged. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts equal to the estimated uncollectible amounts. The Company's estimated uncollectible amounts are based on historical collection experience and a review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible that the Company's estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change.

Construction in Excess of Billing

Construction in excess of billing represents the excess of contract revenue recognized to date using the percentage of completion accounting method over the construction billings to date.

Other Receivables

Other receivables consist of various cash advances to unrelated companies and individuals. These amounts are not related to the receivables from the customers of the Company, are unsecured, non-interest bearing and generally short-term in nature.

Advances to Suppliers

Advances to suppliers consist of amounts paid in advance to contractors and vendors for services and materials.

52

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method, over the estimated useful lives of these assets. Estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

	Estimated Useful Life
Buildings and improvements	6 - 30 years
Income producing properties and improvements	21 - 30 years
Vehicles	6 years
Electronic equipment	5 years
Office furniture	5 years
Computer software	3 years

Maintenance and repairs are charged directly to expenses as incurred. Major additions and betterment to property and equipment are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining useful life of the assets.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets in accordance with the Standard, which requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets' carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal.

Deposits on Land Use Rights

Deposits on land use rights consist of deposits held by the PRC government to purchase land use rights in Xi’an Baqiao District and other projects currently planned.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

The Company accounts for goodwill and intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of standard “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other”. Business acquisitions require the application of purchase accounting, which results in tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities of the acquired entity being recorded at fair value. The difference between the purchase price and the fair value of net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. The majority of the Company’s goodwill resulted from the acquisition of Xinxing Property in 2009 and the acquisition of Xinxing Construction in 2010. The intangible assets include a land use right acquired from the Suodi acquisition in 2010, a construction license resulting from the acquisition of Xinxing Construction in 2010, as well as a development right for 487 acres of land in Baqiao Park obtained from the acquisition of New Land in 2007.

The land use right for the Company’s own use is amortized over its estimated useful life of 39 years.

The construction license, which is subject to renewal every 5 years, is not amortized and has an indefinite estimated useful life.

53

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (continued)

The amortization of the development right is based on the percentage of profit margin realized over the total expected profit margin to be realized from the 487 acres of land in the Baqiao project. The Company reviews its business plan for its 487 acres of land in Baqiao Park periodically and updates its assumptions based on the prevailing market prices and management’s judgment of the profit margins.  The method of amortization selected reflects the pattern over which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are realized. This method is intended to match the pattern of amortization with the income-generating capacity of the asset. The amortized development right is capitalized into the Company’s real estate held for development or sale and allocated to each building based on the gross floor area (“GFA”) of each building and expensed as cost of real estate sales through the Company’s percentage of completion revenue recognition method.

The Company is required to test goodwill and other intangible assets deemed to have indefinite useful lives for impairment annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable. On January 1, 2012, the Company adopted the accounting standard update ASC 350, “Intangibles—Goodwill and Other” allowing the Company to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative goodwill impairment test. The Company determines, based on a qualitative assessment, if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount in which case an impairment test will be performed. The impairment test compares the reporting unit’s carrying value to its fair value and, when appropriate, the carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets is reduced to fair value.

Deferred Financing Costs

Debt issuance costs are capitalized as deferred financing costs and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related debt. The amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $Nil (2012 - $156,064). This amortization expense was included in financing expense.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The standard, “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments”, defines financial instruments and requires fair value disclosures for those instruments. The standard, “Fair Value Measurements”, defines fair value and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of fair value measurement and enhances disclosures requirements for fair value measures. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheets for cash, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other receivable, accounts payable, loans from employees, other payables and accrued expenses qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rates of interest. For the loans payable, the Company believes the carrying value of the loans payable approximates fair value as the interests rates are market rates.

The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy defined by the standard are as follows:

Level 1 Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis. Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments such as exchange-traded derivatives, listed equities and U.S. government treasury securities.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

Level 2 Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including quoted forward prices for commodities, time value, volatility factors, and current market and contractual prices for the underlying instruments, as well as other relevant economic measures. Substantially all of these assumptions are observable in the marketplace throughout the full term of the instrument, can be derived from observable data or are supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Instruments in this category include non-exchange-traded derivatives such as over the counter forwards, options and repurchase agreements; and

Level 3 Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management's best estimate of fair value from the perspective of a market participant. Level 3 instruments include those that may be more structured or otherwise tailored to customers' needs. At each balance sheet date, the Company performs an analysis of all instruments subject to the standard and includes in Level 3 all of those whose fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs.

There were no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Accounts Payable

Accounts payable consists of balances due to subcontractors and suppliers for the purchase of construction and other services.

Advances from Customers

Advances from customers represent payments made by customers less revenue recognized in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

Other Payables

Other payables consist of balances for non-construction costs with unrelated companies and individuals. These amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing and short-term in nature.

Advertising Costs

Advertising and sales promotion costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs for the year ended December 31, 2013 totalled $3,542,758 (2012 - $3,055,882) were included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.

Warranty Costs

Generally, the Company provides all of its customers with a limited (half a year to 5 years) warranty period for defective workmanship. Any significant material defects are generally under warranty with the Company's construction contractors. Currently, the Company retains 5% of the total contract cost from the construction contractors for a period of one to five years after the completion of the construction. Such retention amounts will be used to pay for any repair expense incurred due to defects in the construction. Any excess amounts are expensed in the period when they occur. The Company has not historically incurred any significant litigation requiring additional specific reserves for its product offerings. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not recognize any warranty liability or incur any warranty costs in excess of the amount retained from construction contractors.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the standard, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred taxes are recognized for the tax consequences in future years of differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts at each period end based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. At December 31, 2013 and 2012 the significant accounting to tax difference was related to certain intangible assets and certain real estate held for development or sale that has no corresponding tax value.

The calculation of tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. The Company is required to report income tax returns in the PRC jurisdictions for the Subsidiaries located in China, The Company recognizes liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on the Company’s estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the liabilities are no longer determined to be necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to tax expense would result.

The Company adopted the provisions of the interpretation, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”, on January 1, 2007. The Company did not have any material unrecognized tax benefits and there was no effect on its financial condition or results of operations as a result of implementing the interpretation. The Company does not believe there will be any material changes in its unrecognized tax positions over the next 12 months. The Company's policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax liability as a component of selling, general and administrative expense. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax rate differences from the federal statutory rate primarily due to non-deductible expenses, temporary differences and preferential tax treatment. No assessments of income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 has been received by the Company.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share are calculated in accordance with the standard, “Earnings per Share”. Basic earnings per share are based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The computation of diluted earnings per share includes the estimated impact of the exercise of the outstanding warrants to purchase common stock using the treasury stock method and the potential shares of converted common stock associated with the convertible debt using the if-converted method.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company records stock-based compensation pursuant to the standard, “Share-Based Payments.” The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognizes it as expense, net of estimated forfeitures, over the vesting or service period, as applicable, of the stock award using the straight-line method.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and foreign currency translation gains and losses affecting shareholders' equity that, under GAAP, are excluded from net income.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Statement of Cash Flows

In accordance with the standard, “Statement of Cash Flows,” cash flows from the Company's operations are calculated based upon the local currencies translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the year. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets.

Segment reporting

Reportable segments are identified based on operating segments which are determined based on the Company’s internal organization, management requirements and internal reporting system. An operating segment is a component of the Company that meets the following respective conditions:

a.	Engage in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;
b.	Whose operating results are regularly reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and
c.	For which financial information regarding financial position, results of operations and cash flows are available.

Accounting Principles Recently Adopted

In July 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-02, “Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets for Impairment” (“ASU 2012-02”). ASU 2012-02 amends the guidance on testing indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, for impairment. Under the revised guidance, entities testing an indefinite-lived intangible asset for impairment have the option of performing a qualitative assessment before calculating the fair value of the asset. If entities determine, on the basis of qualitative factors, that the likelihood of the indefinite-lived intangible asset being impaired is below a “more likely than not” threshold (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50 percent), the entity would not need to calculate the fair value of the asset. The ASU does not revise the requirement to test indefinite-lived intangible assets annually for impairment and does not amend the requirement to test these assets for impairment between annual tests if there is a change in events or circumstances. ASU 2012-02 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2012-02 had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In October 2012, the FASB issued ASU No. 2012-04, “Technical Amendments and Corrections” (“ASU 2012-04”). The updates to current guidance make the codification easier to understand and the fair value measurement guidance easier to apply by eliminating inconsistencies and providing needed clarification. ASU 2012-04 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2012-04 had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, “Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities” (“ASU 2013-01”), which clarifies that the scope of ASU 2011-11 applies to derivatives accounted for in accordance with ASU Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, including bifurcated embedded derivatives, repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, and securities borrowing and securities lending transactions that are either offset in accordance with Section 210-20-45 or Section 815-10-45 or subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement. ASU 2013-01 was effective for the Company on January 1, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2013-01 had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Accounting Principles Recently Adopted (continued)

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, “Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2013-02”). This standard requires companies to provide information about the amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. In addition, companies are required to present, either on the face of the statement where net income is presented or in the accompanying notes, significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income, but only if the amount reclassified is required to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income, companies are required to cross-reference to other disclosures that provide additional detail on those amounts. ASU 2013-02 was effective prospectively for the Company on January 1, 2013. The adoption of this ASU had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2013, the FASB issue ASU 2013-12, “Definition of a Public Business Entity” (“ASU 2013-12”). This Update defines public business entity. The definition of a public business entity will be used in considering the scope of new financial guidance and will identify whether the guidance does or does not apply to public business entities. The definition excludes a not-for-profit entity within the scope of Topic 958 or an employee benefit plan within the scope of Topics 960 through 965 on plan accounting and does not affect existing requirements. Business entities that are within the scope of the Guide are those for which the Board and the PCC will consider potential financial accounting and reporting alternatives within GAAP. There is no actual effective date for the amendment in this Update. The adoption of ASU 2013-12 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted

In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, “Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830) Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity” (“ASU 2013-05”). ASU 2013-05 updates accounting guidance related to the application of consolidation guidance and foreign currency matters. This guidance resolves the diversity in practice about what guidance applies to the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income. This guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2013-05 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists” (“ASU 2013-11”). This guidance states that an unrecognized tax benefit, or a portion of an unrecognized tax benefit, should be presented in the financial statements as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward, except as follows. To the extent a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carryforward is not available at the reporting date under the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction to settle any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position or the tax law of the applicable jurisdiction does not require the entity to use, and the entity does not intend to use, the deferred tax asset for such purpose, the unrecognized tax benefit should be presented in the financial statements as a liability and should not be combined with deferred tax assets. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The adoption of ASU 2013-11 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3- Restricted Cash

The following summarizes the restricted cash held by the Company:

	2013		2012
Banks’ security requirement in providing mortgage to home buyers	$	5,622,246	$	1,566,783
Guaranteed deposits for loans with foreign banks (Note 13)		111,502,057		108,344,970
Government regulatory fees		410,597		664,495
	$	117,534,900	$	110,576,248

Note 4 – Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information

Income taxes paid amounted to $1,368,676 and $1,962,010 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Interest paid for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 amounted to $33,963,759 and $13,256,327, respectively.

In fiscal 2012, the Company disposed of part of its JunJing I shopping mall which was recorded as part of property and equipment before the disposal. Receivable from the customer of $7,376,427 in connection with the disposal remains in accounts receivable as of December 31, 2012 and are excluded from proceeds from sale of property and equipment in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

In fiscal 2012, the Company disposed certain real estate held for development or sale and property with a book value of $1,871,433 (RMB 11,761,582) to settle $1,888,675 (RMB 12 million) loans from a third party vendor.

Note 5 – Real Estate Held for Development or Sale

The following summarizes the components of real estate inventories as at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013		2012
Real estate projects completed and held for sale
JunJing I	$	1,842,556	$	2,065,376
JunJing II		-		175,326
Tsining 24G		-		45,370
Gangwan		9,839		19,117
Tsining Home IN		-		60,943
JunJing III		1,284,724		1,309,347
Puhua Phase I		7,128,395		9,205,681
Puhua Phase II - West Region and New Coastal Line		7,643,245		7,834,598
Real estate completed and held for sale		17,908,759		20,715,758
Real estate projects held for development
Puhua Phase II, III and IV		92,388,308		80,834,955
Park Plaza		72,536,513		77,765,333
Golden Bay		77,997,482		12,415,111
Jiyuan		21,835,276		16,500,575
Other		6,629,575		3,941,746
Construction materials		178,899		198,397
Real estate held for development		271,566,053		191,656,117
Total real estate held for development or sale	$	289,474,812	$	212,371,875

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Note 5 – Real Estate Held for Development or Sale (continued)

The Company evaluates the carrying value of real estate held for development or sale for impairment based on the undiscounted future cash flows of real estate held for development or sale. Write-downs of real estate held for development or sale deemed impaired would be recorded as adjustments to the cost basis. No impairment loss was incurred or recorded for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. No depreciation is provided for real estate held for development or sale.

For the year ended December 31, 2013, interest incurred by the Company was $32,877,927 (2012 - $16,802,386) and capitalized interest for the same period was $25,561,346 (2012 - $16,290,271).

Note 6 – Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following as at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013			2012
Accounts receivable	$	41,753,380		$	27,007,045
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(594,382	)		(577,713	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	41,158,998		$	26,429,332

Note 7 – Other Receivables, Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Other receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets consist of the following as at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013			2012
Government reimbursement for Tangdu project (a)	$	208,159		$	3,795,916
Interest receivable (b)		3,279,886			-
Other receivables (c)		2,524,387			1,289,958
Allowance for doubtful receivables		(150,000	)		(145,753	)
Prepaid expenses		1,280,996			415,368
Prepaid other tax expenses		44,725			1,498,836
Other receivables, prepaid expenses and other assets, net	$	7,188,153		$	6,854,325

(a) The amount represents government reimbursement receivable in connection with the TangDu project land use right reacquired by the government.

(b) Interest receivable represents interest income accrued on the restricted cash pledged as security for the loans obtained from Bank of Communications offshore branch, Bank of China Macau Brach, Bank of China Singapore branch and LUSO International Bank.

(c) Other receivable mainly represents various deposits made to government agencies and/or utility companies as securities or guarantees during the project constructions. The amounts will be refunded when the projects are completed.

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Note 8 — Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consists of the following as at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013			2012
Income producing properties and improvements	$	22,001,568		$	19,577,784
Buildings and improvements		19,467,823			17,913,261
Electronic equipment		1,098,233			918,209
Vehicles		779,708			734,678
Computer software		332,879			319,012
Office furniture		969,933			863,132
Total		44,650,144			40,326,076
Accumulated depreciation		(8,368,976	)		(6,488,730	)
Property and equipment, net	$	36,281,168		$	33,837,346

Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 amounted to $2,598,326 and $2,065,380, respectively. Depreciation expense was included in selling, general and administrative expenses and cost of other revenue.

There were no impairments of its property and equipment as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Note 9 — Intangible Assets

Intangible assets consist of the following as at December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013			2012
Development right acquired (a)	$	53,345,648		$	51,835,211
Land use right acquired (b)		8,878,924			8,627,525
Construction license acquired (c)		1,243,565			1,208,354
		63,468,137			61,671,090
Accumulated amortization		(21,014,664	)		(7,188,838	)
Intangible assets, net	$	42,453,473		$	54,482,252

(a) The development right for 487 acres of land in Baqiao Park was obtained from the acquisition of New Land in fiscal 2007. The intangible asset has a finite life. The development right will expire on June 30, 2016.

The Company acquired part of Golden Bay’s land use right and recorded amortization of $13,274,633 during fiscal 2013 and capitalized this amount in the real estate held for development or sale. There was no amortization on development right during fiscal 2012.

The $13,274,633 amortization recorded was calculated by multiply the $46,630,327 remaining carrying value of the development right immediately before 2013 amortization by 28.47%, the percentage of profit margin realized over the total expected profit margin to be realized.

Upon the acquisition of Puhua's land use right in 2009, the Company recorded a $4,665,592 amortization on the development right and capitalized the amount in the real estate held for development or sale. The capitalized amortization amount is expensed as part of the cost of real estate sales as Puhua recognizes its real estate sales revenues under the percentage of completion method. During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, $602,581 and $645,264 of amortized development right capitalized in the Puhua project were expensed through cost of real estate sales, respectively.

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Note 9 — Intangible Assets (continued)

(b) The land use right was acquired through the acquisition of Suodi. The land use right certificate will expire in November 2048. The Company amortizes the land use right over 39 years starting from the date of acquisition. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company has recorded $224,185(2012 - $218,480) amortization expense on land use right. The amortization was included in selling, general and administrative expenses. For the next five years, the Company will amortize approximately $220,000 annually on the land use right.

(c) The construction license was acquired through the acquisition of Xinxing Construction. The construction license, which is subject to renewal every 5 years, is not amortized and has an indefinite estimated useful life because management believes it will be able to continuously renew the license in future years. The license is subject to renewal on January 1, 2016.

No impairment write-down was recognized for December 31, 2013 and 2012 on the intangible assets.

Note 10 — Goodwill

The goodwill was recognized in connection with the acquisitions of Xinxing Property in fiscal 2009 and Xinxing Construction in fiscal 2010. No additional goodwill was recognized in fiscal 2013 and 2012. The following represents changes in goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013		2012
Balance, beginning of year	$	1,914,186	$	1,894,782
Currency translation		55,778		19,404
Balance, end of year	$	1,969,964	$	1,914,186

No impairment was recognized for December 31, 2013and 2012.

Note 11 – Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consist of the following as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:

	2013		2012
Accrued expenses	$	14,071,352	$	19,521,717
Accrued interest		3,368,189		2,707,797
Total	$	17,439,541	$	22,229,514

Note 12 – Loans from Employees

The Company has borrowed monies from certain employees to fund the Company’s construction projects. These unsecured loans bear interest at 20% before June 2013 and 15% thereafter (2012 – 20%) per annum, are due on demand and are available to all employees.

Included in these loans are loans from the Company’s executives:

	2013		2012
President	$	-	$	1,637,213
Chief executive officer		-		160,511
Chief financial officer		660,753		963,066
Chief operating officer		1,220,741		642,044
	$	1,881,494	$	3,402,834

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Note 13 – Loans Payable

Loans payable represent amounts due to various banks, related parties and private fund companies and are due within two years. These loans generally can be renewed with the banks when they mature. Loans payable at December 31, 2013 and 2012 consisted of the following:

	2013		2012
Bank of Beijing
The Company signed an agreement for a line of credit of approximately $33.04 million (RMB 200 million). Originally due on November 30, 2014 with annual interest rate of 130% of People’s Bank of China prime rate. The loan was fully repaid in April 2013.	$	-	$	22,471,549
Construction Bank of China
Originally due on March 6, 2015, annual interest is People’s Bank of China prime rate plus 1%. The loan was secured by the Junjing III project and land use right. The loan was fully repaid during the first quarter of fiscal 2013.		-		1,605,111
Construction Bank of China
Annual interest is 105% of People’s Bank of China prime rate (6.15%). The loan is secured by the Park Plaza Phase I project and land use right. The repayment schedule is as follows: May 30, 2014 - $4,129,706 (RMB 25 million); November 30, 2014 - $6,607,529(RMB 40 million); May 30, 2015 - $6,607,529 (RMB 40 million); November 30, 2015, $9,911,294 (RMB 60 million), May 30, 2016, $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million). The loan is also subject to certain repayment requirements based on percentage of sales contracts signed over total estimated sales amount of Park Plaza Phase I.		28,907,941		-
Bank of China, Macau Branch
Originally due on December 16, 2013 and extended to December 16, 2015, annual interest is based on 3-month LIBOR (“LIBOR”) rate plus 2.5%. The 3-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2013 was 0.2442% (2012 - 0.3095%), secured by $33,037,646 (RMB 200 million) of restricted cash.		31,000,000		31,000,000
Bank of Communication offshore branch
Due on November 13, 2015, annual rate is 2.9%, secured by $37,167,352 (RMB 225 million) of restricted cash.		30,000,000		30,000,000
Bank of China, Singapore Office
Due November 22, 2014, annual interest is based on 3-month LIBOR rate plus 1.55%. The 3-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2013 was 0.2442% (2012 - 0.3095%), secured by $33,037,646 (RMB 200 million) of restricted cash.		31,800,000		31,800,000
LUSO International Bank The Company signed an agreement for a line of credit of $9.7 million with LUSO International Bank. The amount that can be withdrawn is limited to 97% of the restricted cash secured for the line of credit. The total amount will be due on March 27, 2015. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has drawn $7,761,153 from the line of $9.7 million which is 94% of $ 8,259,412 (RMB 50 million) restricted cash secured. Annual interest is based on the 12-month LIBOR rate plus 2.7%. The 12-month LIBOR rate at December 31, 2013 was 0.5795% (2012 - 0.3095%).		7,761,153		7,761,153

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Xi’an Xinxing Days Hotel & Suites Co., Ltd. (“Days Hotel”) (Note 25)
There are several loans from Days Hotel, including: $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million) due on February 27, 2014 (repaid subsequent to year end); $8,094,223 (RMB 49 million) due on June 30, 2014; $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million) was originally due on February 27, 2014, and the Company extended the repayment date to October 20, 2014 subsequently; $8,259,412 (RMB 50 million) due on November 13, 2014; and $247,782 due on January 17, 2015 (RMB 1.5 million). All Days Hotel loans have an annual interest rate of 20%.		19,905,182		21,219,563
Shanghai XinYing Fund, LLC (“XinYing”)
Due August 7, 2014, annual interest is 9.6% and the effective annual interest rate is 27.16% due to related finance consulting fees (note 24), secured by 100% ownership of Xinxing Construction’s shares, corporate guarantee from Tsining, Puhua, and the Company (Note 24). The repayment schedule is as follows: June 1, 2014 - $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million); and August 7, 2014 – $19,822,588 (RMB 120 million).		21,474,470		24,076,660
Shenzhen Qianhai Dinghui Equity Investment Fund Partnership (“Dinghui”)
On March 22, 2013, the Company received $41,297,058 (RMB 250 million) from Dinghui to fund the pending acquisition of the land use right for the Company’s Golden Bay project and/or other construction. In connection with the loan, the Company transferred 49% of Fangzhou’s common shares to Dinghui in December 2012 as security for the loan. Dinghui will not participate in the decision making, operation and profit/loss sharing of Fangzhou. Once the land use right is obtained, the Company will use the land use right as a pledge for the loan and Dinghui will revert the transferred common shares of Fangzhou back to the Company. The loan is also guaranteed by the Company and the Company’s President. The loan is due on March 21, 2015 with an annual interest rate of 20%.		41,297,058		-
Bank of Communications
Annual interest is 120% of People’s Bank of China prime rate (6.15%). The loan is secured by a portion of the Puhua Phase III project and land use right. The repayment schedule is as follows: June 20, 2014 - $1,651,882 (RMB 10 million); December 20, 2014 - $6,607,529 (RMB 40 million); June 20, 2015 - $8,259,412 (RMB 50 million); and December 20, 2015 - $16,518,823 (RMB 100 million).		33,037,646		-
Changcheng Financing Company Limited Originally due on November 8, 2014, annual interest rate is 19%, secured by an income producing property of Tsining. The loan was repaid in November 2013, one year before the original due to. This is allowed under the original loan agreement.		-		4,815,332
Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch Annual interest is 130% People’s Bank of China prime rate (6.15%). The loan is secured by a portion of the Puhua Phase II project and land use right. The repayment schedule is as follows: June 21, 2014 - $4,955,647 (RMB 30 million); September 21, 2014 - $4,955,647 (RMB 30 million); December 21, 2014 - $8,259,412 (RMB 50 million); April 24, 2015 - $11,563,176 (RMB 70 million). The loan is also subject to certain repayment requirements based on percentage of sales contracts signed over total estimated sales amounts of Puhua Phase II.		29,733,882		-
Total	$	274,917,332	$	174,749,368

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Note 13 – Loans Payable

Except for the loans from Bank of China Macau Branch, Bank of China Singapore Branch and Bank of Communication offshore branch, which were drawn to repay mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest in Subsidiaries (Note 15) and the loans from LUSO International Bank, which were drawn to repay convertible debt (Note 14), all other loans were drawn to directly finance construction projects and the interest paid was capitalized and allocated to various real estate construction projects or expensed if the interest costs did not meet the capitalization criteria.

The $37.2 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $30 million loan from Bank of Communications offshore Branch, the $33.04 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $31 million loan from Bank of China, Macau Branch, the $33.04 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $31.8 million loan from Bank of China, Singapore Branch, and $8.3 million of restricted cash corresponding to a $7.76 million loan from LUSO International Bank. These borrowings were incurred in Hong Kong to repay the mandatorily redeemable preferred shares of Prax. However, the majority of the Company’s cash resided in mainland China and to wire funds from mainland China to Hong Kong is subject to foreign exchange restrictions imposed by the PRC government. Thus, in order for us to repay our Hong Kong and oversea counterparties, we had to utilize the special lending facilities provided by major PRC banks and foreign financial institutions (i.e. JP Morgan and Bank of China) to allow the Company to borrow outside of mainland China using cash we have in mainland China as guarantees. 

The loans payable balances were secured by certain of the Company’s real estate held for development or sale and land use right with a carrying value of $151,078,309 at December 31, 2013 (2012 - $44,920,900).No buildings orincome producing properties and improvements were pledged as at December 31, 2013 (2012- $4,287,898). The weighted average interest rate on loans payable as at December 31, 2013 was 8.7% (2012 – 7.1%).  

The loans from Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch and Construction Bank of China are subject to certain repayment terms based on certain percentage of units sold in Puhua Phase II and Park Plaza projects. Based on these repayment terms, Bank of Xi’an, Weilai Branch and Construction Bank of China can demand repayment of all remaining balances outstanding at any time.

The principal repayment requirements over the following 2 years are as follows:

Due in 1 year	$	139,833,104
1 – 2 years		135,084,228
	$	274,917,332

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Note 14 – Convertible Debt

On January 28, 2008, the Company issued Senior Secured Convertible Debt originally due in 2013 (the “Convertible Debt”) and warrants to subscribe for common shares for an aggregate purchase price of $20 million. Both the warrant and embedded conversion option associated with the Convertible Debt met the definition of a derivative instrument according to the standard “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. Because the warrant and the convertible debt were denominated in U.S. dollars but CHLN’s functional currency is the Chinese RMB in 2008, the exemption from derivative instrument accounting provided by the standard was not available and therefore the warrant and embedded conversion option were recorded as a derivative liability instrument and periodically marked-to-market.

The Convertible Debt was fully repaid as at December 31, 2012. Therefore, for the year ended December 31, 2013, there were no changes in fair value for the warrants and embedded derivatives recorded. For year ended December 31, 2012, the Company recorded decreases in fair value for the warrants and embedded derivatives of $3,102 and $330,628, respectively. 

The carrying value of the Convertible Debt was accreted to its stated amount on maturity using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate was determined to be 15.42%. The Company repaid all the Convertible Debt during 2012. Related interest and accretion costs for the year ended December 31, 2013 were $Nil and $Nil, respectively (2012 - $528,354 and $954,979).

Note 15 – Mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests in Subsidiaries

On November 5, 2008, the Company and Prax Capital (“Prax”) entered into a joint venture agreement to develop 79 acres within China Housing’s Baqiao project located in Xi’an. Prax invested $29.3 million for a 25% interest in Puhua through obtaining 1,000 Class A shares of Success Hill (“Class A Shares”) with various distribution rights. Prax’s initial investments were recorded as non-controlling interests in the consolidated financial statements.

During the first quarter of 2010, the Company proposed to redeem Prax’s 1,000 Class A shares in Success Hill in order to fix the maximum return on Prax’s initial investment. Both parties then entered into an Amended and Restated Shareholders’ Agreement on May 24, 2010. The Company agreed with Prax to redeem all Prax’s Class A Shares within three years by December 31, 2012 for consideration of the USD equivalent of $89.94 million (RMB 576 million).

As Prax’s interest in the consolidated subsidiaries met the definition of a mandatorily redeemable financial instrument, it was reported within liabilities as mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests in subsidiaries of the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and initially measured at the fair value of cash that would be due and payable to Prax under the Amended and Restated Shareholders Agreement over a three-year period.

The Company repaid the mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interests in full as at December 31, 2012.

The Company recorded accretion cost on the mandatorily redeemable non-controlling interest using the effective interest method based on an effective interest rate of 5.85%. The related accretion cost incurred for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $Nil (2012 - $1,542,039) and was capitalized in real estate construction in progress.

Note 16 - Income Taxes

The subsidiaries of the Company are governed by the Income Tax Laws of the PRC concerning Chinese registered limited liability companies. Under the Income Tax Laws of the PRC, Chinese enterprises are generally subject to income tax at a statutory rate of 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments, unless the enterprise is located in a specially designated region for which more favorable effective tax rates are applicable.

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Reconciliation of income tax expense to the amount computed by applying the current statutory tax rate to income before income taxes is as follows:

	2013			2012
Income before provision for income taxes	$	16,656,542		$	27,953,786
U.S. statutory rate of 34%	$	5,663,224		$	9,504,287
Non-taxable income  (non-deductible expense)		467,668			554,563
Foreign income not subject to tax rate in U.S.		(6,171,696	)		(10,246,824	)
Foreign income taxed at 25%		4,171,053			7,256,244
Foreign non-deductible expenses		326,433			101,092
Expiration of foreign loss carryforward		645,213			-
Change in valuation allowance		(200,050	)		573,653
Provision for income taxes	$	4,901,845		$	7,743,015

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2013and 2012are as follows:

	2013			2012
Deferred tax assets
Non-capital losses	$	4,077,861		$	4,277,912
Valuation allowance		(4,077,861	)		(4,277,912	)
Net deferred tax assets	$	-		$	-
Deferred tax liabilities
Temporary difference related to certain real estate held for development or sale	$	835,058		$	835,058
Temporary difference related to intangible assets		11,565,169			11,327,507
Temporary difference related to Xinxing Construction properties and construction license		775,485			753,528
Temporary difference related to Suodi land use right		1,606,406			1,605,520
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	14,782,118		$	14,521,613

As at December 31, 2013, the Company had PRC subsidiaries that were in loss positions and had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $2,553,072 that begin to expire in 2014. The Company also has a U.S. net operating loss carry forward of approximately $1,524,789 from CHLN, which will begin to expire in 2016. 

Note 17 – Shareholders' Equity

Common stock

1. On March 21, 2012, the Company issued 19,440 shares of common stock valued at $27,217 based on the closing price of the shares on the same date to compensate for services provided by the independent directors.

2. On May 29, 2012, the Company issued 340,000 shares of common stock as fiscal 2012 compensation to the senior executives including the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Operation Officer. The shares were valued at $595,000 based on the closing price of the shares on the same date.

3. On May 27, 2013, the Company issued 411,125 shares of common stock to compensate for services provided by all the directors. The shares were valued at $900,364 based on the share price on the grant date.

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Note 17 – Shareholders' Equity (continued)

Warrants

Pursuant to accounting guidance, “Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in a Company’s Own Stock”, the warrants issued contain a provision permitting the holder to demand payment based on a valuation in certain circumstances. Therefore, the Company recorded the warrants issued through private placements in 2007 as a liability at their fair value on the date of grant and then revalued them at each reporting date using the Cox-Ross-Rubinstein (“CRR”) Binomial Lattice Model.

The gain from the change in fair value of the warrants issued through private placements in 2007 for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $Nil (2012 – gain of $1,060).

Including the fair value of warrants associated with the convertible debenture (Note 14), the total warrant liability as at December 31, 2013 was $Nil (December 31, 2012 - $Nil). The total gain from the change in fair value of warrants for the year ended December 31, 2013 was $Nil (2012 – gain of $4,162).

There were no warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Stock Options

On June 13, 2011, the Company granted options to acquire common stock of the Company to employees, officers and directors. The exercise price of the options is determined by the fair value of the common stock at the grant date.

Options expire on the earlier of ten years from the issue date, subject to earlier termination resulting from an option-holder’s death or departure from the Company or change of control. Unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, options granted vest as to 30%, 30% and 40% on each of the first, second and third anniversary dates from the option grants. The vesting is also subject to certain performance conditions on each vesting date.

The following table provides information with respect to stock option transactions:

	Number of Stock Options Outstanding			Weighted  Average Exercise  Price
December 31, 2011		1,227,755		$	1.39
Forfeited		(368,326	)		1.39
December 31, 2012		859,429			1.39
Forfeited		(368,326	)		1.39
December 31, 2013		491,103		$	1.39

The following summarizes the weighted-average information about the outstanding stock options as at December 31, 2013:

Outstanding Stock Options
Exercise Price		Number		Average Remaining Contractual Life
$	1.39		491,103	7.46 years

As of December 31, 2013, 736,652 options are vested. However, the options are not exercisable because the performance conditions of the stock options were not met.

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Note 17 – Shareholders' Equity (continued)

Stock-Based Compensation

The 1,227,755 stock options granted on June 13, 2011 had an estimated fair value of $1,316,911 for an average value of $1.04 to $1.10 per stock option using the CRR option pricing model with the following key assumptions:

	June 13, 2011
Expected life		5.5 – 6.5 years
Expected volatility		95	%
Risk-free interest rate		1.74% - 2.10%
Dividend yield		0	%

The expected life of options represents the period of time the granted options are expected to be outstanding. As the Company had not previously granted options, no historical exercising pattern could be followed in estimating the expected life. Therefore, the expected life was estimated as the average of the contractual term and the vesting period. The Company has not paid dividends in the past nor does it expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future.

The Company did not believe any of the options would be forfeited because most of the stock options were granted to long-term employees and officers. In addition, since the performance condition was set at a reasonably achievable level, the Company believed 100% of the performance conditions could be met at the time of grant.

Compensation expense for stock options is recognized over the vesting period. For the year ended December 31, 2013, compensation expense of $475,493 (2012 - $388,658) was recognized in the consolidated statements of income.

In addition, the Company also grants shares to various directors or executives for services provided. The common stock granted was valued based on the closing price of the shares on the grant date. The fair value of the shares was recognized as stock-based compensation in the consolidated statements of income. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded $900,364 of such stock-based compensation (2012 - $622,217).

Treasury Stock

The Company approved a plan to repurchase up to $5 million of the Company’s common stock. The repurchase will be made from time to time at prevailing market prices, through open market purchases. There is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that will be repurchased by the Company and the Company may discontinue purchases at any time when the Board of Directors determines additional repurchases are not warranted. The repurchase program will continue until $5 million common stock is repurchased.

During 2013, the Company repurchased 814,889 shares at an average price of $2.36 and the total cost of $1,966,048 was recorded as treasury stock.

During 2012, the Company repurchased 13,680 shares at an average price of $1.03 and the total cost of $14,142 was recorded as treasury stock.

During 2011, the Company repurchased 337,800 shares at an average price of $1.22 and the total cost of $420,098 was recorded as treasury stock.

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Note 18 – Statutory Reserves

In accordance with the laws and regulations of the PRC, a wholly-owned Foreign Invested Enterprises' income, after the payment of the PRC income taxes, shall be allocated to the statutory surplus reserves. The proportion of allocation for reserve funds is no less than 10 percent of the profit after tax until the accumulated amount of allocation for statutory surplus reserve funds reaches 50 percent of the registered capital. Statutory reserves represent restricted retained earnings. The use of statutory reserves is restricted for set off against losses, expansion of production and operation or increase in registered capital. These reserves are not available for distribution except on liquidation.

Total registered capital of all the PRC subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 is approximately $104.5 million (2012 - $98.3 million). For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company appropriated $1,631,785 (2012 - $2,045,845) to this surplus reserve. As at December 31, 2013, the accumulated statutory reserve is $11,535,242 (2012 - $9,903,457).

Note 19 - Effect of Change in Estimates

Revisions in estimated gross profit margins related to revenue recognized under the percentage of completion method are made in the period in which circumstances requiring the revisions become known. During 2013, real estate development projects with gross profits recognized in 2012 had changes in their estimated gross profit margins. As a result of these changes in gross profit margins, net income for the year ended December 31, 2013 decreased by $512,003 (2012 - increased by $347,706) or basic and diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2013decreased by $0.015 and $0.015, respectively (2012 – increased by $0.01 and $0.01 in both basic and diluted earnings per share).

Notes 20 – Other Revenue

Other revenue consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

	2013		2012
Interest income	$	7,349,363	$	160,597
Rental income		922,414		910,406
Income from property management services		3,937,088		4,209,386
Construction contract income		18,547,162		22,321,169
Miscellaneous income		55,867		473,643
Total	$	30,811,894	$	28,075,201

Note 21 – Employee Welfare Plan

Regulations in the PRC require the Company to contribute to a defined contribution retirement plan for all permanent employees. The Company established a retirement pension insurance, unemployment insurance, health insurance and house accumulation funds for employees during the term they are employed. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company made contributions in the amount of $210,553 and $145,917, respectively.

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Note 22– Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012.

	2013		2012
Numerator
Net income - basic	$	11,754,697	$	20,210,771
Effect of dilutive securities
Convertible debt - Accretion expense		-		954,979
Convertible debt - Change in fair value of embedded derivatives		-		(330,628	)
Income - diluted	$	11,754,697	$	20,835,122
Denominator
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic		35,127,877		34,954,909
Effect of dilutive securities
Convertible debt		-		1,593,576
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted		35,127,877		36,548,485
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share	$	0.33	$	0.58
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.33	$	0.57

None of the options are exercisable because the performance conditions were not met. Therefore, the options have no dilutive effect on the earnings per share and are therefore excluded from the determination of the diluted earnings per share calculation.

Note 23 – Segmented Reporting

The Company has two reportable segments: the Real Estate Development and Sales segment and the Construction segment. The Real Estate Development and Sales segment includes operating subsidiaries, Tsining, Puhua, NewLand, Suodi, FangZhou and JiYuan, while the Construction segment represents Xinxing Construction. These two segments offer different products and services. The reportable segments are managed separately because they produce distinct products and provide different services. The Company and its other subsidiaries, Manstate, Success Hill, Wayfast, Clever Advance, Gracemind, Treasure Asia and Xinxing Property is aggregated as All Other segment. The All Other segment includes revenue from property management services from Property Management and all head office expenses and all expenses resulting from the change in fair value of warrants embedded derivatives. None of the other companies has ever met any of the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The Company accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current market prices. The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different skills and marketing strategies.

Financial information with respect to the reportable segments and reconciliation to the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2013 are as follows.

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Note 23 – Segmented Reporting (continued)

	Real Estate Development and Sales		Construction		All Other			Adjustments and elimination			Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	159,222,863	$	18,547,162	$	3,937,088		$	-		$	181,707,113
Intersegment revenues		-		47,463,350		-			(47,463,350	)(1)		-
Rental from external customers		833,558		88,856		-			-			922,414
Interest revenue		5,478,515		1,859,040		11,808			-			7,349,363
Other income other than rental and interest		55,867		-		-			-			55,867
Total revenue		165,590,803		67,958,408		3,948,896			(47,463,350	)(1)		190,034,757
Financing expense		7,297,393		9,080		10,535			-			7,317,008
Segment profit (loss) before taxes		14,905,682		3,709,753		(656,457	)		(1,302,436	)(1)		16,656,542
Income taxes		4,038,165		927,380		(29,910	)		(33,790	)		4,901,845
Net income (loss)		10,867,515		2,782,375		(626,547	)		(1,268,646	)		11,754,697
Depreciation		2,442,972		142,829		12,525			-			2,598,326
Amortization of intangible		13,498,819		-		-			-			13,498,819
Capital expenditures		5,953,717		3,208		1,033,639			(1,197,422	)		5,793,142
Total assets		847,677,705		89,451,015		152,906,111			(470,541,744	)(2)		619,493,087

Financial information with respect to the reportable segments and reconciliation to the amounts reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2012 are as follows.

	Real Estate Development and Sales		Construction		All Other			Adjustments and elimination			Consolidated
Revenues from external customers	$	115,299,428	$	22,321,169	$	4,209,386		$	-		$	141,829,983
Intersegment revenues		-		22,210,915		-			(22,210,915	)(1)		-
Rental from external customers		802,159		108,247		-			-			910,406
Interest revenue		157,045		-		3,552			-			160,597
Other income other than rental and interest		332,007		141,636		-			-			473,643
Total revenue		116,590,639		44,781,967		4,212,938			(22,210,915	)(1)		143,374,629
Financing expense		335,306		54,964		167,066			-			557,336
Segment profit before taxes		26,868,968		1,283,733		127,900			(326,815	)(1)		27,953,786
Income taxes		7,296,081		321,028		169,952			(44,046	)		7,743,015
Net income (loss)		19,572,887		962,705		(42,052	)		(282,769	)		20,210,771
Depreciation		1,862,873		180,859		21,648			-			2,065,380
Amortization of intangible		218,480		-		-			-			218,480
Capital expenditures		10,561,530		-		10,223			152,134			10,723,887
Total assets		514,683,882		76,258,528		229,415,298			(321,980,074	)(2)		498,377,634

(1) These represent revenues earned from construction service performed by Xinxing Construction for Real Estate Development and Sales segment and its profits. They are eliminated upon consolidation.

(2) The adjustment represents long-term investments in subsidiaries and inter-subsidiary balances eliminated upon consolidation.

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Note 24 – Commitments and Contingencies

The Company leases certain office space under various operating lease agreements with expiration dates in one year.

In connection with the loans borrowed from XinYing (Notes 13 and 25), the Company also signed a finance consulting agreement with XinYing whereby the Company is committed to pay consulting fees on a quarterly basis up to July 2015 for financing services provided.

Additionally, the Company had various commitments related to land use right acquisitions with unpaid balances of approximately $16.5 million. The balances are not due until the vendor removes the existing building on the land and changes the zoning status of the land use right certificate. Based on the current condition, the Company estimates that the balances will be paid in a year.

All future payments required under the various agreements are summarized below:

	Payment due by period
Commitments and Contingencies	Total		Less than 1 year		1-2 years		2-3 years		3-4 years		4-5 years		After 5 years
Operating leases	$	96,360	$	96,360	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Consulting fees		4,194,679		2,576,936		1,617,743		-		-		-		-
Land use rights		16,518,823		16,518,823		-		-		-		-		-
Total	$	20,809,862	$	19,192,119	$	1,617,743	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Note 25 – Related Party Transactions

One of the Company’s executive officer’s spouse owns 37.83% of the common stock of Xi’an Xinxing Days Hotel & Suites (“Days Hotel”). During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company has incurred fees of $97,140 (2012 - $160,377) to Days Hotel. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has $7,095 (2012 - $12,214) payable to Days Hotel.

The Company also has a loan payable of $19,905,182 to Days Hotel as at December 31, 2013 (2012 - $21,219,563) (Note 13). For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company incurred $4,749,910 (2012 - $1,373,642) in interest to Days Hotel and capitalized the amounts in real estate held for development or sale. As at December 31, 2013, the Company also had $178,724 (2012 - $1,231,316) in interest payable to Days Hotel.

As at December 31, 2013, the Company also has a loan payable of $21,474,470 (RMB 130 million) (2012- $24,076,660) to XinYing (Note 13), in which an executive partner is the spouse of one of the Company’s executive officers. The Company incurred a total of $5,246,090 (2012 - $1,646,783) in interest and finance consulting fees to XinYing during the year ended December 31, 2013 and capitalized the amount in real estate held for development or sales. As at December 31, 2013, the Company also had $57,265 (2012 - $64,204) in interest payable to XinYing.

During the year the Company sold part of their income producing properties with carrying value of $2,023,157 to Days Hotel for $915,945 and generated a loss of $1,107,212.

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Note 26 - Concentration of Risks

The Company performed a construction project for the government and the total revenue including interest earned from the project accounts for 6% of total revenue for the year (2012 – 10%). The accounts receivable balance from the government accounted for 44% of the Company’s total accounts receivable at December 31, 2013 (2012 – 39%). The Company’s primary business is selling residential and commercial units to residents and small business owners. One customer purchased the Company’s JunJing I shopping mall which was recorded under property and equipment in 2012. The gain from this transaction accounted for 7% of the Company’s total revenue in fiscal 2012. The accounts receivable balance of this customer accounted for 28% of the Company’s total accounts receivable as at December 31, 2012. The customer’s payment term is over 5 yearsand his balance accounted for 12% of accounts receivable as at December 31, 2013. No other customers have balances over 5% of accounts receivable as at December 31, 2013 and another customer accounted for 6% of accounts receivable as at December 31, 2012.

The Company is dependent on third-party sub-contractors, manufacturers, and distributors for all construction services and supply of construction materials. Construction services or products purchased from the Company's five largest sub-contractors and suppliers accounted for 42% of total services and supplies for the year ended December 31, 2013 (2012 - 27%). Accounts payable to these subcontractors and suppliers was 41% of the total accounts payable as at December 31, 2013 (2012 – 35%).

The Company's operations are carried out in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company's business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC and by the general state of the PRC’s economy. The Company's business may be influenced by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Total cash (including restricted cash) in state-owned banks at December 31, 2013 amounted to $138,553,688 (2012 - $116,697,696) of which no deposits are covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company did not have cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

Note 27 – Subsequent Events

In March 2014, the Company received a total of $16,518,823 (RMB 100 million) from Shenzhen Qianhai Dinghui Fenghai Equity Investment Fund Partnership (“DingHui”) to fund the acquisition of the land use right for the Company’s office building. Once the land use right is obtained, the Company will use it as a pledge to guarantee the loan.

On March 4, 2014, the Company completed Golden Bay project’s land use right acquisition by purchasing the other land use right of the project.

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ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTHS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

There were neither any reportable events nor any disagreements, as defined in Item 304 (a)(1)(iv) or 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K during the relevant periods.

ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act)). Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report are effective.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process that is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and includes those policies and procedures that:

• pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

• provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and

• provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on framework established in the Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) as of December 31, 2013. Based on such evaluation, our management, including the CEO and CFO, has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of December 31, 2013 is effective.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

During the year ended December 31, 2013, there was no major change in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION.

Not Applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, PROMOTERS, CONTROL PERSONS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE COMPLIANCE WITH SECTION 16(a) OF THE EXCHANGE ACT.

Executive Officers and Directors

Name
First	Last	Age	Title
Pingji	Lu	64	Chairman
Xiaohong	Feng	50	Chief Executive Officer and Director
Cangsang	Huang	36	Chief Financial Officer and Director
Jing	Lu	35	Chief Operating Officer & Board Secretary
Heung Sang	Fong	55	Independent Director
Yusheng	Lin	48	Independent Director
Suiyin	Gao	61	Independent Director
Albert	McLelland	55	Independent Director

Officers are elected annually by the Board of Directors (the “Board”), at the Company’s annual meeting, to hold such office until an officer’s successor has been duly appointed and qualified, unless an officer sooner dies, resigns or is removed by the Board.

Mr. Pingji Lu, Chairman of the Board of Directors

Mr. Pingji Lu, 64, has served as the Chairman of the Board since joining the Company in September 1999. In addition, Mr. Lu was the founder of Lanbo Financial Investment Company Group Limited, where he was the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer from its formation in September 2003 until its merger with Lanbo Financial Group, Inc., after which Mr. Lu served as the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Lanbo Financial Group, Inc. until December 2005. Prior to that Mr. Lu was the Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Xi’an Newstar Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. from 1998 and where he previously served as General Manager from 1992 to 2003. From February 1968 to December 1999, Mr. Lu held various positions in the Chinese military, including soldier, Director of Barrack Administration, Supervisor, and Senior Colonel. Mr. Lu is a member of the Enterprise Credit Association of Shaanxi Province. Mr. Lu graduated from Xi’an Army College with a major in architectural engineering. On January 12, 2009, Mr. Lu resigned as Chief Executive Officer but has remained as Chairman of the Company. We believe Mr. Pingji Lu, the founder of the Company, has the most extensive knowledge and experience in the real estate industry within the Company and that such knowledge and experience qualify him for the Chairman position.

Mr. Xiaohong Feng, Chief Executive Officer & Director

Mr. Xiaohong Feng, 50, has served as the Chief Operating Officer and a Director of the Company since joining the Company in January 2003. In addition, Mr. Xiaohong Feng was a Director of Lanbo Financial Group, Inc. from November 2004 until December 2005. Previously, from 2003-2004, Mr. Feng served as President and a Director of Xi’an Newstar Real Estate Development Co., Ltd. From June 1996 to December 2002, Mr. Feng was General Manager and President of Xi’an Honghua Industry, Inc. He is a member of the China Architecture Association, Vice President of the Shaanxi Province Real Estate Association, and Vice Director of the Xi’an Decoration Association. Mr. Feng received an M.S. in architecture science from Xi’an Architecture & Technology University in 1990. On January 12, 2009, Mr. Feng was appointed as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. We believe Mr. Xiaohong Feng has extensive real estate knowledge and experience, as well as a strong architecture background. In addition, his role as Chief Executive Officer provides him with intimate knowledge of our operations and the markets in which we conduct our business. It is for these qualities that he was selected to serve as a Director of the Company.

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Mr. Cangsang Huang, Chief Financial Officer & Director

Mr. Cangsang Huang, 36, has served as a Director since October 2009, and beginning in October 2008, served first as Assistant Chief Financial Officer and then Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Mr. Huang worked at Cantor Fitzgerald from 2006 until 2007 and played an active role in several public financings for companies in the transportation/shipping sectors as well as several U.S. listed publicly-traded Chinese companies. In 2007, Mr. Huang worked for Merriman Curhan& Ford Inc.(“Merriman”) followed by Collins Stewart LLC (“Collins Stewart”). He helped set up Merriman and Collins Stewart’s China banking practice and participated in several China related financing transactions, including General Steel (NYSE: GSI) and FUQI International (Nasdaq: FUQI). From 2001 to 2004, Mr. Huang worked in Guangzhou, China with China Communication Construction Company Limited (1800.HK) as a project manager where he provided financial advisory services to both private and state-owned companies and participated in multiple multi-billion RMB infrastructure projects. Mr. Huang graduated from Shanghai Maritime University with a degree in transportation economics and has a master’s degree in statistics from Columbia University. Mr. Huang is a CFA Level III candidate and has his NASD Series 7 & 63 licenses. We believe Mr. Cangsang Huang is qualified for the position of director because he has extensive investment banking experience, and extensive knowledge of U.S. capital markets.

 Mr. Heung Sang Fong, Independent Director

Mr. Fong, 55, has served as an independent Director of the Company since September of 2010. He also serves as Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Secretary, and Director of China Electric Motor Inc. (“China Electric”). Mr. Fong has served as China Electric’s Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary since June 2010 and as a Director of China Electric since January 2010. From February 2009 to March 2010, Mr. Fong served as the Chief Financial Officer and as a Director of Apollo Solar Energy, Inc. (OTCBB: ASOE). From December 2006 to January 2009, Mr. Fong served as the Executive Vice President of Corporate Development of Fuqi International, Inc. (NASDAQ: FUQI). From January 2004 to November 2006, Mr. Fong served as the Managing Partner of Iceberg Financial Consultants, a financial advisory firm based in China that advises Chinese clients in capital raising activities in the United States. From December 2001 to December 2003, Mr. Fong was the Chief Executive Officer of Holley Communications, a Chinese company that engaged in CDMA chip and cell phone design. From March 2002 to March 2004, he served as Chief Financial Officer of Pacific Systems Control Technology, Inc. From May 2001 to November 2001, Mr. Fong was the Director of Finance of PacificNet, Inc., a customer relationship management, mobile internet, e-commerce and gaming technology company based in China. Mr. Fong graduated from the Hong Kong Baptist College with a diploma in History in 1982. He also received an MBA from the University of Nevada at Reno in 1989 and a master’s degree in Accounting from the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign in 1993. Mr. Fong’s long and varied business career, including service as a CFO and Director of a publicly-traded company, as well as his financial and accounting experience as a U.S. CPA and knowledge of the capital markets qualify him to serve on the Company’s Board.

Mr. Yusheng Lin, Independent Director

Mr. Yusheng Lin, 48, has served as an independent Director of our Company since October of 2011. Mr. Lin is currently the Executive Director of Kingworld Medicines Group Ltd. (01110.HK) (“KMG”). He has been the deputy general manager of SZK since June 2006. He is primarily responsible for the capital management and the operations of KMG, a company that he joined in August of 2009. He has more than 10 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry. From 1999 to 2004, he worked at Xi’an Lijun Pharmaceutical Company Limited (“XLPC”), which is principally engaged in the manufacture and sale of pharmaceutical products in the PRC. XLPC is a wholly owned subsidiary of Lijun International Pharmaceutical (Holding) Company Limited (2005.HK) (“XLPC Parent”), a company listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange which, together with its subsidiaries, is engaged in the research, development, manufacture and sale of finished medicines and bulk pharmaceutical products to hospitals and distributors. Mr. Lin held the position of vice president of XLPC Parent from 2004 to 2006. From 2005 to 2006, he also held the position of chairman of XLPC. In 1989, he obtained a bachelor’s degree in philosophy from Yanan University. He received a master’s degree in business administration from Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 2006. We believe Mr. Lin’s wealth of business experience enable him to effectively contribute as a Director of the Board.

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Mr. SuiyinGao, Independent Director

Mr. SuiyinGao, 61, has served as an independent Director of our Company since October 2007. He has over 30 years of experience in human resources and management consulting. Mr. Gao is currently the head of the Shaanxi Senior Talent Office, which is affiliated with the Shaanxi Provincial government and is focused on corporation management, consultation and human resources services. Mr. Gao is the founder and chairman of Shaanxi Management Member Club, one of the largest manager clubs in Shaanxi province. Mr. Gao is currently an independent director of six enterprises, and also has acted as a senior consultant to more than twenty enterprises. Previously, beginning in 1973, Mr. Gao worked in government service. In 1998, Mr. Gao received his MBA from Northwest University in China. We believe Mr. Gao’s qualifications to serve on the Board include his extensive knowledge and experience in human resources and management consulting as well as his knowledge of our industry.

 Mr. Albert McLelland, Independent Director

Mr. Albert McLelland, 55, has served as an independent Director since February 2009. He also serves as the Chairman of the Board’s Audit Committee.

In 2011 he served as Chairman of the Special Committee for the sale of for China Fire & Security Group, Inc. to Bain Capital. From 2008 until its sale, Mr. McLelland served as an independent Director and Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors for China Fire & Security Group, Inc. Mr. McLelland also serves as an independent Directorand Chairman of the BOD’s Audit Committee for China Recycling Energy Corporation.

Since 2001, he has been a Senior Managing Director of AmPac Strategic Capital, LLC, a boutique merchant bank focusing on originating and executing cross border transactions in China. Prior to founding AmPac, Albert was a Director of Financial Advisory Services at PricewaterhouseCoopers’ (PwC) and member of the Chairman’s Key Account Management (KAM) team, responsible for the day-to-day operations of their cross border transactions group operating during the Asian Financial Crisis. Mr. McLelland, from 1993 to 1998, founded and became the Managing Director of Pearl Delta Capital Corporation, a specialty investment bank located in Taipei, Taiwan. Pearl Delta Capital Corporation focused on raising funds and executing cross border transactions from direct investments to mergers and acquisitions for or with Greater China-based venture capital firms. Prior to that, he was in charge of corporate finance at CEF Taiwan Limited, the Taiwan branch of a large regional merchant bank that was a joint venture between Canadian Imperial Bank and Cheung Kong (a leading Hong Kong conglomerate). He began his investment banking career at Shearson Lehman underwriting bond issues.

He also serves as an Adjunct Professor teaching “Venturing in China” at the Caruth Institute for Entrepreneurship at the Cox School of business at Southern Methodist University and as a guest lecturer at the Fudan University School of Management in Shanghai. He holds an MBA from the University of Chicago and a Master’s Degree in International Affairs from Columbia University. He completed his undergraduate studies at the University of South Florida and studied Mandarin at the National Normal University in Taiwan. He has also earned a Certificate of Director Education from the National Association of Corporate Directors.

Ms. Jing Lu, Chief Operating Officer, and Board Secretary

Ms. Lu, 35, has served as Chief Operating Officer since January 2009. She previously served as Vice President of the Company from 2004 through 2008. Ms. Lu continues to serve as Board Secretary, which she has done since 2004, and is the Company’s primary spokeswoman with investors and security analysts. She received her master’s degree from King’s College in London in September 2004. Ms. Lu is the daughter of Mr. Pingji Lu.

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We chose to separate the positions of Chairman of Board and CEO because the Chairman, Mr. Lu has extensive experience in business development and as a principal executive officer, while Mr. Feng is an architect and has deep knowledge of the construction industry. We do not have a lead independent director.

In consideration of diversity for the composition of the Board, We chose to elect Mr. McLelland and Mr. Fong as our Directors based on their unique experiences with both the U.S. capital markets and the Chinese capital markets.

Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings

During the past ten years, no present or former director, executive officer or person nominated to become a director or an executive officer of our Company:

(1) Was a general partner or executive officer of any business against which any bankruptcy petition was filed, either at the time of the bankruptcy or two years prior to that time;

(2) Was convicted in a criminal proceeding or named subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);

(3) Was subject to any order, judgment or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities; or

(4) Was found by a court of competent jurisdiction (in a civil action), the SEC or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended or vacated.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), requires our executive officers, directors and persons who own more than 10 percent of our common stock to file initial reports of ownership on Form 3 and changes in ownership on Forms 4 or 5 with the SEC. Such executive officers, directors and over 10 percent stockholders are also required by SEC rules to furnish us with copies of all such forms they file.

Based solely on our review of the copies of such forms we have received, or written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that, during the year ended December 31, 2013, all executive officers, directors and over 10 percent stockholders filed on a timely basis all reports required to be filed by them under Section 16(a) with respect to our common stock, with the exceptions noted below:

• Late Form 4 reports were filed for Pingji Lu, our Chairman, Xiaohong Feng, our CEO, Cangsang Huang our CFO, and Jing Lu, our COO on June 19, 2012 to report restricted stock grants.

Code of Ethics

On November 8, 2007, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. A copy of this Code of Ethics is available on the Company’s website, www.chldinc.com, in the section titled Officers & Directors, which can be found on our home page. The website and information contained on it or incorporated in it are not intended to be incorporated in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

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Board Composition and Committees

The following table sets forth all our Independent Directors of the Board of Directors and their positions at the Compensation, Nominating and Audit Committees:

Independent Directors	Title	Service in committee
Mr. Yusheng Lin	Independent Director	Chairman of Compensation Committee; Member of Audit Committee; Member of Nominating and Governance Committee
Mr. Heung Sang Fong	Independent Director	Member of Audit Committee; Member of Nominating and Governance Committee
Mr. Albert McLelland	Independent Director	Chairman of Audit Committee; Member of Compensation Committee
Mr. Suiyin Gao	Independent Director	Chairman of Nominating and Governance Committee; Member of Compensation Committee

The Board of Directors held 5 meetings in the 2013 fiscal year and the attendance rates for all Board members were over 89%.

Compensation Committee

The Compensation Committee held one meeting in the 2013 fiscal year and the attendance rates for all committee members were 100%.

Nominating and Governance Committee

The Nominating and Governance Committee held one meeting in the 2013 fiscal year and the attendance rates for all committee members were over 100%.

Audit Committee

The members of the Audit Committee are Mr. Albert McLelland, Mr. Yusheng Lin, and Mr. Heung Sang Fong, with Mr. Albert McLelland serving as Chairman of the Audit Committee. All members of the Audit Committee are independent directors. The Company’s Board of Directors has determined that Mr. Albert McLelland possesses accounting or related financial management expertise and that he qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined in Item 407 of Regulation S-K.

The Audit Committee held four meetings in the 2013 fiscal year and the attendance rates for all committee members was over 75%.

ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

Summary Compensation Table

The following table sets forth all compensation paid in respect of our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and all other executive officers for services rendered during the preceding two fiscal years. The compensation comprises base salary and bonus.

		Base		Bonus (2)				Stock Awards		Option		Non-Equity		Non-qualified Deferred		All other
Name and Principal Position	Year	Salary ($)(1)		Cash ($)		Stock ($)		(3) ($)		Awards ($)		Incentive plan Compensation ($)		Compensation ($)		Compensation ($)		Total ($)
Pingji Lu	2013		328,270				-		302,220		-		-		-		-		630,490
Chairman of the Board of Directors	2012		302,127		123,962		-		210,000		-		-		-		-		636,089
Xiaohong Feng	2013		273,695				-		251,850		-		-		-		-		525,545
CEO & Director	2012		254,254		107,847		-		175,000		-		-		-		-		537,101
Cangsang Huang	2013		147,233				-		151,110		-		-		-		-		298,343
CFO &  Director	2012		137,273		49,118		-		105,000		-		-		-		-		291,391
Jing Lu	2013		143,676				-		151,110		-		-		-		-		294,786
COO & Board Secretary	2012		135,912		57,635		-		105,000		-		-		-		-		298,547

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1. The Company pays salaries in RMB to all executive officers every month. The actual RMB amount paid is translated to US$. The exchange rates used were the average rates of 2013 and 2012. They were 0.1627 and 0.1585.

2. The Company paid a bonus during 2012, while it did not pay bonus during 2013.

3. The Company issued 391,000 shares of stock awards to the executives at May 27, 2013 with a fair value of $2.19 per share.

Director Compensation

The table below sets forth the salaries of our independent directors received for the services performed in the last year. Our directors’ salaries are comprised of both cash and stock. The cash salary is paid to all directors in US$ every quarter.

The amount that each director receives from the retainer is different for each director due to his or her role on the Board. Mr. Albert McLelland receives a larger retainer because he is the Chairman of Audit Committee and assumes more responsibility than others. The retainer is paid quarterly.

Name and Principal Position	Year		Fees Earned  or Paid in Cash ($)		Stock  Awards (1) ($)		Option Awards ($)		Non-Equity  Incentive Plan Compensation ($)		Change in  Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($)		All Other  Compensation ($)		Total ($)
Heung Sang Fong Independent director of the Board		2013		28,750		18,889		-		-		-		-		47,639
Albert McLelland Independent director of the Board		2013		63,250		-		-		-		-		-		63,250
Suiyin Gao Independent director of the Board		2013		17,250		12,593		-		-		-		-		29,843
Yusheng Lin Independent director of the Board		2013		17,250		12,593		-		-		-		-		29,843

(1) The stock awards were valued based on the closing price of our common stock on the NASDAQ on May27, 2013, which was $2.19.

Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End

The Board of Directors and the majority shareholders have adopted the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”). Since the adoption of the 2007 Plan, we issued incentive compensation comprised of restricted common shares of the Company, which was disclosed in a current report on Form 8-K dated July 14, 2008. 750,000 restricted shares were paid in 2008 in consideration of the performance of the employees in 2007 and were vested immediately upon issuance. No other grants have been made under the Plan.

The Board of Directors and the majority shareholders have adopted the 2010 Long Term Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”). Since the adoption of the 2010 Plan, on June 13, 2011, we issued incentive compensation comprised of options to acquire common stock of the Company to employees, officers and directors. The exercise price of the options was determined based on the fair value of the common stock at the grant date. During 2013, 30% of the options expired because certain performance goals in the stock option agreements between the Company and employees were not met.

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The table below sets forth the outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2013.

		Option Awards									Stock Awards
Name	Grant Date	Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable (b)		Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable (c)		Equity  Incentive  Plan  Awards:  Number of  Securities  Underlying  Unexercised Unearned Options (d)		Option Exercise Price ($) (e)		Option Expiration Date (f)	Number  of Shares or Units of Stock That Have Not Vested (#) (g)		Market  Value  of Shares  or  Units  of Stock That Have Not Vested (h)
Pingji Lu	June 13, 2011		-		49,275		123,188		1.39	June 12, 2021		-		-
Xiaohong Feng	June 13, 2011		-		38,130		95,324		1.39	June 12, 2021		-		-
Cangsang Huang	June 13, 2011		-		28,392		70,980		1.39	June 12, 2021		-		-
Jing Lu	June 13, 2011		-		30,973		77,432		1.39	June 12, 2021		-		-

Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

No member of our Compensation Committee is, or was an officer or employee, or had any relationship with the Company requiring disclosure under Item 404 of Regulation S-K. We also do not have any executive officer who served as a member of the Compensation Committee of another entity or as a Director of another entity, whose executive officers served on our Compensation Committee or served as a Director of our board.

ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

The following table sets forth certain information, as of March 29, 2013, with respect to the beneficial ownership of the outstanding common stock by (i) any holder of more than five (5%) percent; (ii) each of the Company’s executive officers and directors; and (iii) the Company’s directors and executive officers as a group. Except as otherwise indicated, each of the stockholders listed below has sole voting and investment power over the shares beneficially owned.

Name (1)	Title	Shares Ownership (2)		Percentage of Owned
Mr. Pingji Lu	Chairman		3,857,499		10.76	%
Mr. Xiaohong Feng	CEO &Managing Director		860,856		2.40	%
Ms. Jing Lu	COO & Board Secretary		657,570		1.83	%
Mr. Cangsang Huang	CFO & Director		129,000		0.36	%
Mr. Heung Sang Fong	Independent Director		18,625		0.03	%
Mr. Albert McLelland	Independent Director		3,750		0.01	%
Mr. Yusheng Lin	Independent Director		6,901		0.02	%
Mr. Suiyin Gao	Independent Director		25,750		0.07	%
Directors and officers as a group with 8 persons			5,559,951		15.51	%
Pope Asset Management, LLC	N/A		3,384,904		9.44	%

(1) Except the address of Pope Asset Management, LLC is 5100 Poplar Avenue, Suite 805 Memphis, TN 38137, the address of other beneficial owners is 1008 Liuxue Road, Baqiao District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China 710038

(2) Applicable percentage ownership is based on 35,849,204 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 23, 2014. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities.

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ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

We have four directors that are independent under the independence standards of S-K Item 407(a)(1). They are: Mr. Yusheng Lin, Mr. Albert McLelland, Mr. Suiyin Gao, and Mr. Heung Sang Fong.

The Company has borrowed monies from certain employees to fund the Company’s construction projects. These unsecured loans bear interest at 15% from Jun 2013 and 20% before June 2013 (2012 – 20%) per annum and are available to all employees.

Included in these loans are loans from the Company’s executives and immediate family member:

	2013		2012
President	$	-	$	1,637,213
Chief executive officer		-		160,511
Chief financial officer		660,753		963,066
Chief operating officer		1,220,741		642,044
	$	1,881,494	$	3,402,834

One of the Company’s executive officers’ spouse owns 37.83% of the common stock of Xi’an Xinxing Days Hotel & Suites (“Days Hotel”). During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company has incurred fees of $97,140 (2012 - $160,377) payable to Days Hotel. As of December 31, 2013, the Company has $7,095 (December 31, 2012) payable to Days Hotel.

The Company also has a loan payable of $19,905,182 to Days Hotel as at December 31, 2013 (December 31, 2012 - $21,219,563) (Note 13). For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company incurred $4,749,910 (2012 - $1,373,642) in interest to Days Hotel and capitalized the amounts in real estate held for development or sale. As at December 31, 2013, the Company also had $178,724 (December 31, 2012 - $1,231,316) in interest payable to Days Hotel.

For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company also has a loan payable of $21,474,470 (RMB 130 million) from XinYing(Note 12), in which an executive partner is the spouse of one of the Company’s executive officers. The Company incurred a total of $5,246,090 (2012 - $1,646,783) in interest and finance consulting fees to XinYing during the year ended December 31, 2013 and capitalized the amount in real estate held for development or sales. As at December 31, 2013, the Company also had $57,265 (December 31, 2012 - $64,204) in interest payable to XinYing.

ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

(a) Audit Fees

The aggregate fees billed and or accrued for professional services rendered by our principal accountants for the audit of our annual financial statements for the year ended December 31,2013 and 2012 were $345,000 and $285,144, respectively.

(b) Audit Related Fees

We incurred $296,580 in fees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 and $273,138 in fees for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 for assurance and related services from our principal accountant that were reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our financial statements, but were not reported under Audit Fees section above.

Significant audit-related fees are additional fees charged for three quarter interim review services and extra time incurred to review MD&A disclosures. In addition, the auditor provides U.S. tax return filing services that were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.

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(c) Tax Fees

The aggregate fees billed for professional services rendered by our principal accountant for tax compliance, tax advice, preparation and filing of tax returns and tax planning for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $12,000 and $10,432, respectively.

(d) All Other Fees

All other fees billed for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 were $119,707 and $73,462, respectively. All other fees mainly include providing consents on registration statement, review of responses to SEC comments, travel related expenses and out of pocket expenses.

Our Audit Committee consists of three Independent Directors. Our Audit Committee is the body to recommend public accounting firms as our independent auditor to the full Board of Directors for approval.

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ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 10-K.

EXHIBIT NO.	DESCRIPTION OF EXHIBIT
3.1	Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrants Form SB-2 filed on October 27, 2004).
3.2	Registrant’s By-Laws (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrants Form SB-2 filed on October 27, 2004).
4.1	First Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and Investors dated June 11, 2010 incorporated by reference from exhibit 4.1 to Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2010.
4.2	Form of Senior Secured Convertible Note Issued by the Company incorporated by reference from exhibit 4.2 to Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2010.
4.3	Form of Stock Purchase Warrant Issued by the Company incorporated by reference from exhibit 4.3 to Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 2010.
10.1	Securities Purchase Agreement (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2008, File Number 001-34065).
10.2	Form of Convertible debt (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2008, File Number 001-34065).
10.3	Form of Warrant (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2008, File Number 001-34065).
10.4	Form of Pledge Agreement (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2008, File Number 001-34065).
10.5	Form of Registration Rights Agreement (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2008, File Number 001-34065).
10.6	Framework Agreement, dated November 5, 2008, by and between the Registrant and Prax Capital China Real Estate Fund I, Ltd. (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to the Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on March 25, 2009).
10.7	Deed of Guarantee, dated November 5, 2008, made by the Registrant in favor of Success Hill Investments Limited and Prax Capital Real Estate Holding Limited (incorporated by reference to the exhibit to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on January 28, 2009).
10.8	Employment agreement with Pingji Lu (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form S-1 Amendment No 2 filed on July 14, 2008).
10.9	2007 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form S-1 Amendment No 8 filed on November 5, 2009).
10.10	Equity Pledge Agreement, dated January 31, 2011 by and among the Company and the Pledgees (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2011).
10.11	Guarantee Agreement, dated January 31, 2011 by and among the Company and the Lenders (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2011).
10.12	Share Charge Deed, dated January 31, 2011 by and among Wayfast Holdings Limited (as Chargor) and the Lenders (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2011).
10.13	Financial Consultant Agreement, dated January 31, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2011).
10.14	Entrustment Loan Agreements #1, #2, #3 and #4, dated January 31, 2011 by and among a subsidiary of the Company and certain lenders (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2011).

10.15	Project Financing Agreement, dated January 31, 2011 by and among a subsidiary of the Company and the Lenders (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 4, 2011).
10.16	2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Information Statement on Schedule 14C filed on January 20, 2011).
10.17	Amendment No. 1 to the Equity Pledge Agreement, dated December 6, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)

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10.18	Amendment No. 1 to Guarantee Agreement, dated December 6, 2011 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
10.19	Amendment No. 1 to Share Charge Agreement, dated December 6, 2011(incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
10.20	Entrustment Loan Agreement Supplemental Agreement, dated January 26, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
1021	Entrustment Loan Agreement Supplemental Agreement, dated January 26, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
10.22	Entrustment Loan Agreement Supplemental Agreement, dated January 26, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
10.23	Entrustment Loan Agreement Supplemental Agreement, dated January 26, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
10.24	Supplemental Agreement to the Project Financing Agreement, dated January 26, 2012 (incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 8-K filed on February 1, 2012)
10.25	Director service agreement for Andy Fong (Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2013)
10.26	Director service agreement for Michael Marks (Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2013)
10.27	Director service agreement for Yusheng Lin (Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2013)
10.28	Director service agreement for Suiyin Gao (Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2013)
10.29	Director service agreement for Albert McLelland (Incorporated by reference to the exhibits to Registrant’s Form 10-K filed on April 1, 2013)
21.1*	List of subsidiaries.
23.1*	Consent of MNP LLP.
31.1*	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial and Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.1+	Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
32.2+	Certification of Chief Accounting Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
101.INS +	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH +	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL +	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.EDF+	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB +	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE +	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

* Filed herewith

+Furnished herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on our behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	CHINA HOUSING AND LAND DEVELOPMENT, INC.
March 24, 2014	By:	/s/ Xiaohong Feng
		Name: Xiaohong Feng
		Title: Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
March 24, 2014	By:	/s/ Cangsang Huang
		Name: Cangsang Huang
		Title: Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Xiaohong Feng and Cangsang Huang, jointly and severally, his or her attorney-in-fact, with the power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to sign any amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his or her substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Form 10-K has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SIGNATURE	TITLE	DATE
/s/ Pingji Lu	Chairman of the Board	March 24, 2014
Pingji Lu
/s/ Xiaohong Feng	Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director	March 24, 2014
Xiaohong Feng	(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Cangsang Huang	Chief Financial Officer	March 24, 2014
Cangsang Huang	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Albert S. McLelland	Independent Director	March 24, 2014
Albert S. McLelland
/s/ Mr. Yusheng Lin	Independent Director	March 24, 2014
Yusheng Lin
/s/ Heungsong Fong	Independent Director	March 24, 2014
Heungsong Fong
/s/ Mr. Suiyi Gao	Independent Director	March 24, 2014
Suiyi Gao

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