10-K 1 rockwellcollins_10k.htm ANNUAL REPORT rockwellcollins_10k.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
 
(Mark One)
þ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2011  
 
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
Commission file number 001-16445
___________________________________
Rockwell Collins, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Delaware 52-2314475
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
   
400 Collins Road NE  
Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52498
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (319) 295-1000
 
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
Title of each class
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share New York Stock Exchange
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT: None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulations S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer þ   Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
 
The aggregate market value of the registrant's voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on April 1, 2011 was approximately $10.0 billion. For purposes of this calculation, the registrant has assumed that its directors and executive officers are affiliates.
 
151,328,596 shares of the registrant's Common Stock were outstanding on October 31, 2011.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain information contained in the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners of the registrant to be held on February 3, 2012 is incorporated by reference into Part III.
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
Annual Report on Form 10-K
 
Table of contents
 
          Page No.
PART I          
        Item 1.       Business 1
    Item 1A.   Risk Factors 8
    Item 1B.   Unresolved Staff Comments 12
    Item 2.   Properties 13
    Item 3.   Legal Proceedings 13
    Item 4.   Reserved 13
    Item 4A.   Executive Officers of the Company 14
           
PART II          
    Item 5.   Market for the Company's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Company  
        Purchases of Equity Securities 15
    Item 6.   Selected Financial Data 16
    Item 7.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 17
    Item 7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 43
    Item 8.   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 44
    Item 9.   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure 88
    Item 9A.   Controls and Procedures 88
    Item 9B.   Other Information 90
           
PART III          
    Item 10.   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 90
    Item 11.   Executive Compensation 90
    Item 12.   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related  
        Stockholder Matters 90
    Item 13.   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence 91
    Item 14.   Principal Accounting Fees and Services 91
           
PART IV          
    Item 15.   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 92
           
SIGNATURES 96
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM S-1
SCHEDULE II S-2
EXHIBIT INDEX E-1

i
 
 

PART I
 
Item 1. Business.
 
General
 
Rockwell Collins, Inc. is a leader in the design, production and support of communications and aviation electronics for commercial and military customers worldwide. While our products and systems are primarily focused on aviation applications, our Government Systems business also offers products and systems for ground and shipboard applications. The integrated system solutions and products we provide to our served markets are oriented around a set of core competencies: communications, navigation, automated flight control, displays/surveillance, simulation and training, integrated electronics and information management systems. We also provide a wide range of services and support to our customers through a worldwide network of service centers, including equipment repair and overhaul, service parts, field service engineering, training, technical information services and aftermarket used equipment sales. The structure of our business allows us to leverage these core competencies across markets and applications so that we are able to bring high value solutions to customers while providing strong returns to shareowners. We operate in multiple countries and are headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
 
Our Company's heritage is rooted in the Collins Radio Company, established in 1933. Rockwell Collins, Inc., the parent company, is incorporated in Delaware. As used herein, the terms "we", "us", "our", "Rockwell Collins" or the "Company" include subsidiaries and predecessors unless the context indicates otherwise.
 
Whenever reference is made in any Item of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to information under specific captions of our 2011 Annual Report to Shareowners (2011 Annual Report) or to information in our Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareowners to be held on February 3, 2012 (2012 Proxy Statement), such information shall be deemed to be incorporated herein by such reference.
 
All date references contained herein relate to our fiscal year ending on the Friday closest to September 30 unless otherwise stated. For ease of presentation, September 30 is utilized consistently throughout this report to represent the fiscal year end date. Each of 2011, 2010 and 2009 was a 52-week fiscal year.
 
Financial Information About Our Business Segments
 
Financial information with respect to our business segments, including product line disclosures, revenues, operating earnings and total assets, is contained under the caption Segment Financial Results in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 below, and in Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Access to the Company's Reports and Governance Information
 
We maintain an internet website at www.rockwellcollins.com. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on this site as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). All reports we file with the SEC are also available free of charge via EDGAR through the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. We also post corporate governance information (including our corporate governance guidelines and Board committee charters) and other information related to our Company on our internet website where it is available free of charge. We will provide, without charge, upon written request, copies of our SEC reports and corporate governance information. Our internet website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Description of Business by Segment
 
We serve a worldwide customer base through our Government Systems and Commercial Systems business segments. These two segments are described in detail below.
 
Government Systems
 
Our Government Systems business provides a broad range of electronic products, systems and services to customers including the U.S. Department of Defense, other ministries of defense, other government agencies, civil agencies and defense contractors around the world. Our defense electronic solutions are designed to meet a wide range of customer requirements, but tend to share certain characteristics including design for rugged environments for use in size, weight and power constrained applications. These applications also typically have stringent product integrity and certification requirements with a high degree of customer oversight. These products, systems and services support airborne, precision weapon, ground and maritime applications and are used in line-fit applications on new equipment as well as in retrofit and upgrade applications designed to extend the effective life and enhance the capability of existing aircraft, vehicle and weapon platforms.
 
1
 
 

Our defense-related systems, products and services include:
  • communications systems and products designed to enable the transmission of information across the communications spectrum, including satellite communications
     
  • navigation products and systems, including radio navigation products, global positioning system (GPS) equipment, handheld navigation devices and multi-mode receivers
     
  • subsystems for the flight deck that combine flight operations with navigation and guidance functions that can include flight controls and displays, information/data processing and communications, navigation, safety and surveillance systems
     
  • cockpit display products, including multipurpose flat panel head-down displays, wide field of view head-up and helmet-mounted displays
     
  • simulation and training systems, including visual system products, training systems and services
     
  • maintenance, repair, parts and after-sales support services
Government Systems sales are categorized into avionics, communication products, surface solutions and navigation products. Product category sales are delineated based upon the difference in the underlying product technologies and markets served.
 
Avionics consists of electronic solutions for a broad range of airborne platforms including fixed and rotary wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and the associated aircrew and maintenance training devices and services. We provide complete avionics solutions (including cockpit avionics, mission system applications and system integration) and also provide individual avionics products to platform integrators. We serve various roles within these markets including system and subsystems integrator as well as provider of various electronic products. For the UAV market we provide cost effective, high performance integrated flight control, navigation, communication and sensor capabilities. Simulation and training solutions are provided for both fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft.
 
Communication products include full spectrum voice and data connectivity for government and military use in the air, on the ground, and at sea. The products support military user requirements for high availability, highly secure, jam resistant wireless communication capability. Products include radio communication, data links, networking devices and satellite communication terminals.
 
Surface solutions include electronic systems applied to a variety of non-airborne market segments. This includes solutions for soldiers, military ground vehicles, maritime applications and surface based communication network integration programs. This category also includes our iForce™ public safety vehicle solutions.
 
Navigation products are primarily comprised of GPS-based products delivered for precision navigation applications including handheld navigation devices (e.g., DAGR), precision-guided weapons (e.g., JDAM) and other embedded GPS applications.
 
Commercial Systems
 
Our Commercial Systems business supplies aviation electronics systems, products and services to customers located throughout the world. The customer base is comprised of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of commercial air transport, business and regional aircraft, commercial airlines and business aircraft operators. Our systems and products are used in both OEM applications as well as in retrofit and upgrade applications designed to increase the efficiency and enhance the value of existing aircraft.
 
2
 
 

Our commercial aviation electronics systems, products and services include:
  • integrated avionics systems, such as Pro Line Fusion, which provide advanced avionics capabilities to meet the challenges of operating in the next generation global airspace. Capabilities include synthetic and enhanced vision enabled flight displays, advanced flight and performance management systems, fly-by-wire integrated flight controls and information management solutions to improve operational efficiency
     
  • integrated cabin electronics systems, including cabin management systems, passenger connectivity and entertainment solutions, business support systems to improve passenger productivity and passenger flight information systems
     
  • communications systems and products, such as data link, High Frequency, Very High Frequency and satellite communications systems
     
  • navigation systems and products, including landing sensors to enable fully automatic landings, radio navigation and geophysical sensors, as well as flight management systems
     
  • situational awareness and surveillance systems and products, such as synthetic and enhanced vision systems, surface surveillance and guidance solutions, head-up guidance systems, weather radar and collision avoidance systems
     
  • integrated information management solutions to improve the overall efficiency of flight, maintenance and cabin operations. These include on-board information management systems and connectivity solutions, airborne and ground applications and services, and ground infrastructure and services
     
  • electro-mechanical systems, including integrated pilot control solutions and primary and secondary actuation systems
     
  • simulation and training systems, including full-flight simulators for crew training, visual system products, training systems and engineering services
     
  • maintenance, repair, parts and after-sales support services
Commercial Systems sales are categorized into air transport aviation electronics and business and regional aviation electronics. Product category sales are delineated based upon the difference in the underlying customer base, size of aircraft and markets served.
 
Air transport aviation electronics include avionics, cabin systems and flight control systems for large commercial transport aircraft platforms. We design these items as sub-systems and work with OEMs to integrate our and other suppliers' products into the flight deck and broader aircraft systems. Our products offered for OEM applications in the air transport category are marketed directly to aircraft OEMs and airline operators, while our products offered for aftermarket applications are primarily marketed to the airline operators.
 
Business and regional aviation electronics include integrated avionics, cabin management and flight control systems for application on regional and business aircraft platforms. We develop integrated avionics, cabin and flight control solutions for business and regional aircraft OEMs and support them with the integration into other aircraft systems. Products offered for OEM applications in the business and regional aircraft category are marketed directly to the aircraft OEMs. Products offered for aftermarket applications are primarily marketed through distributors for business aviation and directly to regional airline operators. Our integrated information management solutions for business aircraft are offered directly to flight departments.
 
Customers, Sales and Marketing
 
We serve a broad range of customers worldwide, including the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. Coast Guard, civil agencies, defense contractors, foreign ministries of defense, manufacturers of commercial air transport, business and regional aircraft, commercial airlines and fractional and other business jet operators. We market our systems, products and services directly to Government Systems and Commercial Systems customers through an internal marketing and sales force. In addition, we utilize a worldwide dealer network to distribute our products and international sales representatives to assist with international sales and marketing. In 2011, various branches of the U.S. Government, both directly and indirectly through subcontracts, accounted for 43 percent of our total sales.
 
Our largest customers have substantial bargaining power with respect to price and other commercial terms. Although we believe that we generally enjoy good relations with our customers, the loss of all or a substantial portion of our sales to any of our large volume customers for any reason, including the loss of contracts, bankruptcy, reduced or delayed customer requirements or strikes or other work stoppages affecting production by these customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
3
 
 

Competition
 
We operate in a highly competitive environment. Principal competitive factors include total cost of ownership, product and system performance, quality, service, warranty and indemnification terms, technology, design engineering capabilities, new product innovation and timely delivery. We compete worldwide with a number of U.S. and non-U.S. companies, including approximately ten principal competitors in each of our Government Systems and Commercial Systems businesses. Many of these competitors are also our suppliers or customers on some of our programs. Some of our principal competitors include Honeywell International, Inc., Thales S.A., Panasonic, Raytheon Co., Harris Corp., BAE Systems Aerospace, Inc., General Dynamics Corporation, L3 Communications, Inc., The Boeing Company, Northrop Grumman Corp., CAE Inc., General Electric Co. and Garmin International Inc. Several of our competitors are significantly larger than us in terms of resources and market share, and can offer a broader range of products. Some of our competitors have more extensive or more specialized engineering, manufacturing and marketing capabilities than we do in some areas. In addition, some of our competitors offer avionics and communications solutions with fewer features and lower prices that may compete with our solutions. As a result, these competitors may be able to adapt more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements or may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products. Furthermore, competitors who have greater financial resources may be better able to provide a broader range of financing alternatives to their customers in connection with sales of their products. We believe, however, that our systems, products and services are well positioned to compete in our served markets.
 
Industry consolidation has had a major impact on the competitive environment in which we operate. Over the past several years, our competitors have undertaken a number of mergers, alliances and realignments that have contributed to a very dynamic competitive landscape. During the past three years, we have completed five acquisitions and entered into several strategic alliances to improve our competitive position and expand our market reach.
 
Raw Materials, Supplies and Working Capital
 
We believe we have adequate sources for the supply of raw materials and components for our manufacturing and service needs with suppliers located around the world. Electronic components and other raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are generally available from several suppliers. We continue to work with our supply base for raw materials and components to ensure an adequate source of supply, utilizing strategic alliances, dual sourcing, identification of substitute or alternate parts that meet performance requirements and life-time buys. These life-time buys involve purchases of multiple years of supply in order to meet production and service requirements over the life span of a product. Although historically we have not experienced any significant difficulties in obtaining an adequate supply of raw materials and components necessary for our manufacturing operations or service needs, the loss of a significant supplier or the inability of a supplier to meet performance and quality specifications or delivery schedules could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Our investment in inventory is a significant part of our working capital, and historically we have maintained sufficient inventory to meet our customers' requirements on a timely basis. This investment includes production stock, work-in-process, pre-production engineering costs, finished goods, spare parts and goods on consignment with airlines. Our accounts receivable also constitute a significant part of our working capital. Accounts receivable also includes unbilled receivables primarily related to sales recorded under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting that have not been billed to customers in accordance with applicable contract terms. The critical accounting policies involving pre-production engineering costs, inventory valuation reserves and long-term contracts are discussed under the caption Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 below. Additional information relating to accounts receivable and inventory is contained in Notes 2, 5 and 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
4
 
 

Backlog
 
The following table summarizes our backlog:
 
    September 30
(in billions)       2011       2010
Government Systems:            
       Funded orders   $      2.9   $      3.1
       Unfunded orders     0.1     0.3
Commercial Systems     1.4     1.1
Total backlog   $ 4.4   $ 4.5
             
Our backlog represents the aggregate of the sales price of orders received from customers, but not recognized as revenue, and excludes unexercised options. Although we believe that the orders included in backlog are firm, most of our backlog involves orders that can be modified or terminated by the customer. Our backlog at September 30, 2011 includes approximately $2.0 billion of orders that are expected to be filled by us after fiscal year 2012.
 
Joint Ventures
 
Joint ventures, strategic investments and other cooperative arrangements are part of our business strategies to broaden the market for our products and develop new technologies.
 
We have a 50 percent ownership interest in each of the following:
  • Data Link Solutions LLC (DLS), a joint venture with BAE Systems, plc, for joint pursuit of the worldwide military data link market
     
  • Vision Systems International, LLC (VSI), a joint venture with Elbit Systems, Ltd., for joint pursuit of helmet-mounted cueing systems for the worldwide military fixed wing marketplace
     
  • Integrated Guidance Systems LLC (IGS), a joint venture with Honeywell International, Inc., for joint pursuit of the development of weapons guidance and navigation solutions
     
  • Quest Flight Training Limited, a joint venture with Quadrant Group plc, which provides aircrew training services primarily for the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence
Acquisitions and Dispositions
 
We continually consider various business opportunities, including strategic acquisitions and alliances, licenses and marketing arrangements, and we review the prospects of our existing businesses to determine whether any of them should be modified, sold or otherwise discontinued.
 
We completed five acquisitions in the past three years to augment our internal growth plans. These acquisitions were:
  • flight operations management solutions: January 2011 acquisition of Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc.
     
  • high-performance sensor simulation training applications: December 2010 acquisition of Blue Ridge Simulation, Inc.
     
  • corporate flight handling and trip support services: December 2009 acquisition of AR Group, Inc.
     
  • satellite-based network communication solutions: May 2009 acquisition of DataPath, Inc.
     
  • visual display solutions for commercial and military simulators: November 2008 acquisition of SEOS Group, Ltd.
In July 2011, we divested the Rollmet business, which provided seamless alloy and stainless steel pipes and propulsion system components for the energy, petrochemical and defense industries.
 
5
 
 

Additional information relating to our acquisitions, dispositions and joint ventures is contained in Notes 3, 4, 8 and 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Research and Development
 
We have significant research, development, engineering and product design capabilities. At September 30, 2011, we employed approximately 6,900 engineers.
 
Amounts attributed to our research and development (R&D) activities are as follows:
 
(in millions)       2011       2010       2009
Customer-funded (1)   $      550   $      516   $      493
Company-funded     355     345     355
Total research and development   $ 905   $ 861   $ 848
                   
      (1)       Customer-funded R&D includes activities relating to the development of new products and the improvement of existing products for which we are reimbursed by our customers. As discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below, customer-funded R&D expense also includes amortization of pre-production engineering costs. The critical accounting policies involving pre-production engineering costs are discussed under the caption Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Item 7 below.

Intellectual Property
 
We own numerous U.S. and foreign patents and have numerous pending patent applications, including patents and patent applications purchased in our acquisitions. We also license certain patents relating to our manufacturing and other activities. While in the aggregate we consider our patents and licenses important to the operation of our business, we do not consider any individual patent or license to be of such importance that the loss or termination of any one patent or license would materially affect us.
 
Rockwell Automation, Inc. (Rockwell) continues to own the "Rockwell" name. In connection with our spin-off from Rockwell in 2001, we were granted the exclusive right to continue to use the Rockwell Collins name for use in our business other than in connection with the Rockwell Automation business or industrial automation products. This exclusive right would terminate following certain change of control events applicable to us as described in our distribution agreement with Rockwell.
 
Employees
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had approximately 20,500 employees. Approximately 2,000 of our employees in the U.S. are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The collective bargaining agreements for the bargaining unit employees are set to expire beginning in May 2013. In certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, many of our employees are represented by workers' councils or statutory labor unions.
 
Cyclicality and Seasonality
 
The avionics and communications markets in which we sell our products are, to varying degrees, cyclical and have experienced periodic upswings and downturns. For example, markets for our commercial aviation electronic products have experienced downturns during periods of slowdowns in the commercial airline industry and during periods of weak conditions in the economy in general, as demand for new aircraft generally declines during these periods. We believe that we are currently benefiting from a commercial aviation upswing especially with production rate increases anticipated by various aircraft manufacturers to meet significant backlogs. Our Government Systems business is also subject to some cyclicality primarily as a result of U.S. Government defense budget cycles. While we believe our Government Systems business is well positioned, the U.S. Government defense budget is expected to decline in the coming years.
 
Our business tends to be seasonal with our fourth quarter usually producing relatively higher sales and cash flow and our first quarter usually producing relatively lower sales and cash flow. A large part of this seasonality variance is attributable to our Government Systems business and relates to the U.S. Government procurement cycle.
 
6
 
 

Regulatory Matters
 
As a defense contractor, our contract costs are audited and reviewed on a continual basis by the Defense Contract Audit Agency. Audits and investigations are conducted from time to time to determine if our performance and administering of our U.S. Government contracts are compliant with applicable contractual requirements and procurement regulations and other applicable federal statutes and regulations. Under present U.S. Government procurement regulations, if indicted or adjudged in violation of procurement or other federal civil laws, a contractor, such as us, could be subject to fines, penalties, repayments or other damages. U.S. Government regulations also provide that certain findings against a contractor may lead to suspension or debarment from eligibility for awards of new U.S. Government contracts for up to three years.
 
The sale, installation and operation of our products in commercial aviation applications is subject to continued compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and future changes to those requirements. In the U.S., our commercial aviation products are required to comply with Federal Aviation Administration regulations governing production and quality systems, airworthiness and installation approvals, repair procedures and continuing operational safety. Some of our products, such as radio frequency transmitters and receivers, must also comply with Federal Communications Commission regulations governing authorization and operational approval of telecommunications equipment.
 
Internationally, similar requirements exist for airworthiness, installation and operational approvals. These requirements are administered by the national aviation authorities of each country and, in the case of Europe, coordinated by the European Joint Aviation Authorities. Many countries also impose specific telecommunications equipment requirements, administered through their national aviation authorities or telecommunications authorities. In Europe, approval to import products also requires compliance with European Commission directives, such as those associated with electrical safety, electro-magnetic compatibility, use of metric units of measurement and restrictions on the use of lead.
 
Products already in service may also become subject to mandatory changes for continued regulatory compliance as a result of any identified safety issue, which can arise from an aircraft accident, incident or service difficulty report.
 
Our products and technical data are controlled for export and import under various regulatory agencies. Audits and investigations by these agencies are a regular occurrence to ensure compliance with applicable federal statutes and regulations. Violations, including as a successor to an acquired business, can result in fines and penalties assessed against the Company as well as individuals, and the most egregious acts may result in a complete loss of export privileges.
 
Although we do not have any significant regulatory action pending against us, any such action could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
 
Environmental Matters
 
Federal, state and local requirements relating to the discharge of substances into the environment, the disposal of hazardous wastes and other activities affecting the environment have had and will continue to have an impact on our manufacturing operations. To date, compliance with environmental requirements and resolution of environmental claims have been accomplished without material effect on our liquidity and capital resources, competitive position or financial condition. We believe that our expenditures for environmental capital investment and remediation necessary to comply with present regulations governing environmental protection and other expenditures for the resolution of environmental claims will not have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition, but could possibly be material to the results of operations or cash flows of any one period. Additional information on environmental matters is contained in Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Geographic Information
 
Our principal markets outside the U.S are in France, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Australia, China, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Singapore, Brazil, United Arab Emirates and India. In addition to normal business risks, operations outside the U.S. are subject to other risks, including political, economic and social environments, governmental laws and regulations and currency revaluations and fluctuations.
 
Selected financial information by major geographic area for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2011 is contained in Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
7
 
 

Item 1A. Risk Factors.
 
A global recession may adversely affect us.
 
It is unclear how well the economy has recovered from a global recession that caused failures of financial institutions and led to unprecedented government intervention in the U.S., Europe and other regions of the world. If another recession emerges that impacts where we do business, risks may include:
  • declines in revenues, profitability and cash flows from reduced orders, payment delays or other factors caused by the economic problems of customers
     
  • adverse impacts on our access to short-term commercial paper borrowings or other credit sources
     
  • supply problems associated with any financial constraints faced by our suppliers
Reduction in U.S. Government spending may adversely impact Government Systems sales and profitability.
 
In 2011, 43 percent of our sales were derived from U.S. Government contracts, both directly and indirectly through subcontracts. Defense funding by the U.S. Government faces significant pressures and is expected to decline over the next few years due to the overall economic environment, budget deficits and competing budget priorities. Cost cutting, efficiency initiatives, reprioritization and other affordability analysis by the U.S. Government on defense spending could present some additional opportunities for us, but overall may adversely impact our Government Systems sales and profitability.
 
International conflicts and terrorism may adversely affect our business.
 
International conflicts such as the war in Afghanistan, political turmoil in the Middle and Far East and the possibility of future terrorist attacks cause significant uncertainty with respect to U.S. and other business and financial markets and may adversely affect our business. These international conflicts also affect the price of oil, which has a significant impact on the financial health of our commercial customers. Although our Government Systems business may experience greater demand for its products as a result of increased government defense spending, factors arising (directly or indirectly) from international conflicts or terrorism which may adversely affect our commercial business include reduced aircraft build rates, upgrades, maintenance and spending on discretionary products such as in-flight entertainment, as well as increases in the cost of property and aviation products insurance and increased restrictions placed on our insurance policies. The war in Afghanistan creates the risk that our Government Systems customers may need to redirect funding from our existing business to pay for war-related activities. Furthermore, we currently hold only nominal insurance related to the effects of terrorist acts on our assets and our aircraft products.
 
We depend to a significant degree on U.S. Government contracts, which are subject to unique risks.
 
In addition to normal business risks, our supply of systems and products to the U.S. Government is subject to unique risks which are largely beyond our control. These risks include:
  • dependence on Congressional appropriations and administrative allotment of funds
     
  • the ability of the U.S. Government to terminate, without prior notice, partially completed government programs and contracts that were previously authorized
     
  • changes in governmental procurement legislation and regulations and other policies which may reflect military and political developments
     
  • significant changes in contract scheduling or program structure, which generally result in delays or reductions in deliveries
     
  • intense competition for available U.S. Government business necessitating increases in time and investment for design and development
     
  • difficulty of forecasting costs and schedules when bidding on developmental and highly sophisticated technical work
8
 
 

  • changes over the life of U.S. Government contracts, particularly development contracts, which generally result in adjustments of contract prices
     
  • claims based on U.S. Government work, which may result in fines, the cancellation or suspension of payments or suspension or debarment proceedings affecting potential further business with the U.S. Government
Our business is heavily concentrated in the aviation industry.
 
As a provider of products and services to the aviation industry, we are significantly affected by the overall economic condition of that industry. The aviation industry is historically cyclical.
 
Our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows may be adversely impacted, among other things, by the following:
  • reductions in demand for aircraft and delayed aircraft delivery schedules
     
  • challenges in the financial condition of some of our existing and potential customers
     
  • reductions in the need for, or the deferral of, aircraft maintenance and repair services and spare parts support
     
  • retirement or storage of older generation aircraft, resulting in fewer retrofits and less demand for services for those aircraft
     
  • limited availability of financing for airlines or aircraft
     
  • high fuel costs
     
  • health pandemics or other disruptions to commercial air travel demand
New airspace management technologies may impact future sales.
 
The aerospace industry is experiencing a global transition from traditional communications, navigation, surveillance and air traffic control systems to air traffic management systems utilizing satellite-based technologies that will allow pilots to fly at desired paths and speeds selected in real time, while still complying with instrument flight regulations. The transition to these technologies will require the use of digital communications systems, global positioning system navigation, satellite surveillance techniques and ground surveillance systems. These technologies are expected to result in more direct and efficient flight routes, fewer flight delays and reduced airport congestion. Although we believe that we are well positioned to participate in this market evolution, our ability to capitalize on the transition to these airspace management technologies is subject to various risks, including:
  • delays in the development of the necessary satellite and ground infrastructure by U.S. and other governments
     
  • delays in adopting national and international regulatory standards
     
  • competitors developing better products
     
  • failure of our product development investments in communications, navigation and surveillance products that enable airspace management technologies to coincide with market evolution to, and demand for, these products
     
  • the ability and desire of customers to invest in products enabling airspace management technologies
9
 
 

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from international sales and are subject to the risks of doing business outside the U.S.
 
In 2011, revenues from products and services exported from the U.S. or manufactured and serviced abroad were 30 percent of our total sales. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our total sales. As a result, we are subject to risks of doing business internationally, including:
  • laws, regulations and policies of non-U.S. governments relating to investments and operations, as well as U.S. laws affecting the activities of U.S. companies abroad
     
  • regulatory requirements and potential changes, including imposition of tariffs or embargoes, export controls and other trade restrictions and antitrust and data privacy requirements
     
  • changes in government spending on defense programs, including the potential spending decline in European countries
     
  • uncertainties and restrictions concerning the availability of funding, credit or guarantees
     
  • requirements of certain customers which obligate us to specified levels of in-country purchases, manufacturing or investments, known as offsets, and penalties in the event we fail to perform in accordance with the offset requirements
     
  • import and export licensing requirements and regulations
     
  • uncertainties as to local laws and enforcement of contract and intellectual property rights
     
  • rapid changes in government, economic and political policies, political or civil unrest or the threat of international boycotts or U.S. anti-boycott legislation
We have made, and expect to continue to make, strategic acquisitions that involve significant risks and uncertainties.
 
We completed five acquisitions in the last three years and we intend to enter into acquisitions in the future in an effort to enhance shareowner value. Acquisitions involve a certain amount of risks and uncertainties such as:
  • the difficulty in integrating newly-acquired businesses and operations in an efficient and cost-effective manner and the risk that we encounter significant unanticipated costs or other problems associated with integration
     
  • the challenges in achieving strategic objectives, cost savings and other benefits expected from acquisitions
     
  • the risk that our markets do not evolve as anticipated and that the technologies acquired do not prove to be those needed to be successful in those markets
     
  • the risk that we assume significant liabilities that exceed the limitations of any applicable indemnification provisions or the financial resources of any indemnifying parties
     
  • the potential loss of key employees of the acquired businesses
     
  • the risk of diverting the attention of senior management from our existing operations
We enter into fixed-price contracts that could subject us to losses in the event that we have cost overruns.
 
During 2011, approximately 90 percent of our total sales were from, and a significant portion of our anticipated future sales will be from, fixed-price contracts. This allows us to benefit from cost savings, but it carries the burden of potential cost overruns since we assume all of the cost risk. If our initial cost estimates are incorrect, we can incur losses on these contracts. These fixed-price contracts can expose us to potentially large losses because the customer may compel us to complete a project or, in the event of a termination for default, pay the entire incremental cost of its replacement by another provider regardless of the size of any cost overruns that occur over the life of the contract. Because many of these projects involve new technologies and applications and can last for years, unforeseen events, such as technological difficulties, fluctuations in the price of raw materials, problems with subcontractors and cost overruns, can result in the contractual price becoming less favorable or even unprofitable to us over time. Furthermore, if we do not meet project deadlines or specifications, we may need to renegotiate contracts on less favorable terms, be forced to pay penalties or liquidated damages or suffer major losses if the customer exercises its right to terminate. In addition, some of our contracts have provisions relating to cost controls and audit rights, and if we fail to meet the terms specified in those contracts we may not realize their full benefits. Our results of operations are dependent on our ability to maximize our earnings from our contracts. Lower earnings caused by cost overruns could have an adverse impact on our financial condition, operating results and cash flows. 
 
10
 
 

Costs of certain employee and retiree benefits may continue to rise.
 
Although we have taken action seeking to contain volatility in the costs related to medical and pension benefits, there are risks that our costs for these benefits will increase as a result of:
  • continued increases in medical costs related to current employees due to increased usage of medical benefits, medical inflation and the impact of recent U.S. Government health care legislation
     
  • material changes in legislation or market dynamics as a result impacting medical or pension matters
     
  • the effect declines in the stock and bond markets have on the performance of our pension plan assets
     
  • potential reductions in the discount rate used to determine the present value of our retirement benefit obligations
Tax changes could affect our effective tax rate and future profitability.
 
Our future results could be adversely affected by changes in the effective tax rate as a result of changes in our overall profitability and changes in the mix of earnings in countries with differing statutory tax rates, changes in tax legislation, the results of audits and examination of previously filed tax returns and continuing assessment of our tax exposures.
 
We depend on specialized test equipment.
 
Some of our specialized test equipment that supports the reliability of our products and systems is the result of significant investment. Back up test equipment may not be readily available. Damage to our specialized test equipment may result in protracted production recovery.
 
A cybersecurity incident could have negative impact.
 
A cyber-attack that bypasses our information technology (IT) security systems causing an IT security breach, may lead to a material disruption of our IT business systems and/or the loss of business information resulting in adverse business impact. Risks may include:
  • future results could be adversely affected due to the theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation or release of confidential data or intellectual property
     
  • operational or business delays resulting from the disruption of IT systems and subsequent clean-up and mitigation activities
     
  • negative publicity resulting in reputation or brand damage with our customers, partners or industry peers
11
 
 

Cautionary Statement
 
This Annual Report on Form 10-K, and documents that are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, contain statements, including certain projections and business trends, that are forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the financial condition of our customers, including bankruptcies; the health of the global economy, including potential deterioration in economic and financial market conditions; the rate of recovery of the commercial aftermarket; the impacts of earthquakes or other natural disasters, including potential supply shortages and other economic impacts; cybersecurity threats, including the potential misappropriation of assets or other sensitive information, corruption of data or operational disruption; delays related to the award of domestic and international contracts; the continued support for military transformation and modernization programs; potential adverse impact of oil prices on the commercial aerospace industry; the impact of terrorist events on the commercial aerospace industry; potential declining defense budgets resulting from budget deficits in the U.S. and abroad; impact from the delay in the resolution of program funding in the 2012 U.S. defense budget; changes in domestic and foreign government spending, budgetary, procurement and trade policies adverse to our businesses; market acceptance of our new and existing technologies, products and services; reliability of and customer satisfaction with our products and services; favorable outcomes on or potential cancellation or restructuring of contracts, orders or program priorities by our customers; recruitment and retention of qualified personnel; regulatory restrictions on air travel due to environmental concerns; effective negotiation of collective bargaining agreements by us and our customers; performance of our customers and subcontractors; risks inherent in development and fixed-price contracts, particularly the risk of cost overruns; risk of significant reduction to air travel or aircraft capacity beyond our forecasts; our ability to execute to our internal performance plans such as our productivity and quality improvements and cost reduction initiatives; achievement of our acquisition and related integration plans; continuing to maintain our planned effective tax rates; our ability to develop contract compliant systems and products on schedule and within anticipated cost estimates; risk of fines and penalties related to noncompliance with laws and regulations including export control and environmental regulations; risk of asset impairments; our ability to win new business and convert those orders to sales within the fiscal year in accordance with our annual operating plan; and the uncertainties of the outcome of lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, as well as other risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those detailed herein and from time to time in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings. These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date hereof.
 
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
 
None
 
12
 
 

Item 2. Properties.
 
As of September 30, 2011, we operated 20 manufacturing facilities throughout the U.S. and various manufacturing facilities in Mexico, France, Germany and the United Kingdom. The Company also had engineering facilities, sales offices, warehouses and service locations in approximately 20 countries around the world. These facilities have aggregate floor space of approximately 7 million square feet. Of this floor space, approximately 55 percent is owned and approximately 45 percent is leased. There are no major encumbrances on any of our plants or equipment, other than financing arrangements which in the aggregate are not significant. In the opinion of management, our properties have been well maintained, are in sound operating condition and contain all equipment and facilities necessary to operate at present levels. A summary of floor space of these facilities at September 30, 2011 is as follows:
 
    Owned   Leased    
Location       Facilities       Facilities       Total
(in thousands of square feet)            
U.S.   3,513   2,561        6,074
Europe   329   304   633
Canada and Mexico       123   123
Asia Pacific   —   186   186
South America   —   9   9
Total   3,842   3,183   7,025
 
    Owned   Leased    
Type of Facility       Facilities       Facilities       Total
(in thousands of square feet)            
Manufacturing and service   1,929   1,387        3,316
Sales, engineering and general office space   1,913   1,796   3,709
Total   3,842   3,183   7,025
 

We have facilities with a total of at least 100,000 square feet in the following cities: Cedar Rapids, Iowa (3,060,000 square feet), Richardson, Texas (390,000 square feet), Melbourne, Florida (380,000 square feet), Sterling, Virginia (320,000 square feet), Heidelberg, Germany (240,000 square feet), Tustin, California (215,000 square feet), Coralville, Iowa (180,000 square feet), Wilsonville, Oregon (180,000 square feet), Duluth, Georgia (160,000 square feet), Toulouse, France (160,000 square feet), Irvine, California (140,000 square feet), Salt Lake City, Utah (120,000 square feet) and Mexicali, Mexico (105,000 square feet). Most of our facilities are generally shared for the benefit of our Government Systems and Commercial Systems businesses. We are currently in the process of vacating 140,000 square feet of leased space in Sterling, Virginia and consolidating into another location in Sterling, Virginia (180,000 square feet). These facilities have been included in the tables and are characterized as primarily manufacturing.
 
Certain of our facilities, including those located in California and Mexico, are located near major earthquake fault lines. We maintain earthquake insurance with a deductible of five percent of the insured values with respect to these facilities. We also maintain property insurance for wind damage, including hurricanes and tornadoes, for our facilities. This insurance covers physical damage to property and any resulting business interruption. All losses are subject to a $5 million deductible with certain exceptions that could affect the deductible.
 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
 
Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings have been or may be instituted or asserted against us relating to the conduct of our business, including those pertaining to product liability, intellectual property, environmental, safety and health, exporting or importing, contract, employment and regulatory matters. Although the outcome of litigation cannot be predicted with certainty and some lawsuits, claims or proceedings may be disposed of unfavorably to us, management believes the disposition of matters that are pending or asserted will not have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition, but could possibly be material to the results of operations or cash flows of any one quarter.
 
Item 4. Reserved.
 
13
 
 

Item 4A. Executive Officers of the Company.
 
The name, age, office and position held with us, and principal occupations and employment during the past five years of each of our executive officers as of November 15, 2011 are as follows:
 
Name, Office and Position, and Principal Occupations and Employment       Age
Clayton M. Jones—Chairman of the Board of Rockwell Collins since June 2002; President and Chief Executive Officer of Rockwell Collins since June 2001   62
Barry M. Abzug—Senior Vice President, Corporate Development of Rockwell Collins since October 2001   59
Patrick E. Allen—Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Rockwell Collins since January 2005   47
John-Paul E. Besong—Senior Vice President, e-Business of Rockwell Collins since April 2007; Senior Vice President of e-Business & Lean Electronics of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   58
Gary R. Chadick—Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Rockwell Collins since July 2001   50
Gregory S. Churchill—Executive Vice President, International and Service Solutions since February 2010; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Government Systems of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   54
Bruce M. King—Senior Vice President, Operations of Rockwell Collins since May 2011; Vice President and General Manager Communications Products of Rockwell Collins from September 2010 to May 2011; Vice President and General Manager, Surface Solutions of Rockwell Collins from January 2008 to September 2010; Vice President and General Manager, Communication Systems of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   50
Ronald W. Kirchenbauer—Senior Vice President, Human Resources of Rockwell Collins since April 2003   64
Nan Mattai—Senior Vice President, Engineering and Technology of Rockwell Collins since November 2004   59
Jeffrey A. Moore—Senior Vice President, Special Projects since May 2011; Senior Vice President of Operations of Rockwell Collins from April 2006 to May 2011; Acting Senior Vice President of Operations of Rockwell Collins from October 2005 to April 2006; Vice President of Manufacturing Operations of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   58
Robert K. Ortberg—Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Government Systems since February 2010; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Commercial Systems of Rockwell Collins from October 2006 to February 2010; Vice President and General Manager, Air Transport Systems of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   51
Marsha A. Schulte—Vice President, Finance & Controller of Rockwell Collins since May 2006; Vice President & Controller, Operations of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   54
Kent L. Statler—Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Commercial Systems since February 2010; Executive Vice President, Rockwell Collins Services from October 2006 to February 2010; Senior Vice President and General Manager of Rockwell Collins Services prior thereto   46
Douglas E. Stenske—Vice President, Treasurer and Financial Planning of Rockwell Collins since March 2011; Vice President and General Auditor of Rockwell Collins from May 2008 to March 2011; Treasurer of Rockwell Collins prior thereto   45
Robert A. Sturgell—Senior Vice President, Washington Operations since April 2009; Acting Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) from September 2007 to April 2009; Deputy Administrator of the FAA prior thereto   52

There are no family relationships, as defined, between any of the above executive officers and any other executive officer or any director. No officer was selected pursuant to any arrangement or understanding between the officer and any person other than us. All executive officers are elected annually.
 
14
 
 

PART II
 
Item 5.  Market for the Company's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Company Purchases of Equity Securities.
 
Market Information
 
Our common stock, par value $.01 per share, is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol COL. On October 31, 2011, there were 22,638 shareowners of record of our common stock.
 
The following table sets forth the high and low sales price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange—Composite Transactions reporting system during each quarter of our years ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
 
    2011   2010
Fiscal Quarters   High   Low   High   Low
First       $     62.25       $     54.10       $     56.88       $     47.19
Second     67.29     57.87     63.73     52.03
Third     65.20     58.57     68.04     51.85
Fourth     62.82     43.82     59.40     51.87

Dividends
 
The following table sets forth the cash dividends per share paid by us during each quarter of our years ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
 
Fiscal Quarters   2011   2010
First       $     0.24       $     0.24
Second     0.24     0.24
Third     0.24     0.24
Fourth     0.24     0.24

Based on our current dividend policy, we have been paying quarterly cash dividends which, on an annual basis, equal $0.96 per share. The declaration and payment of dividends, however, will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors.
 
Repurchases
 
Our Board of Directors has authorized certain repurchases of our common stock. During 2011, we repurchased approximately 5.5 million shares of our common stock at a total cost of $322 million, which resulted in a weighted average cost of $58.50 per share. During 2010, we repurchased approximately 3.2 million shares at a total cost of $182 million, which resulted in a weighted average cost of $57.50 per share.
 
The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of us or any "affiliated purchaser" (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2011:
 
                  Maximum Number
              Total Number of   (or Approximate
    Total         Shares Purchased as   Dollar Value) of
    Number of         Part of Publicly   Shares that May Yet
    Shares   Average Price   Announced   Be Purchased Under the
Period       Purchased       Paid per Share       Plans or Programs       Plans or Programs(1)
July 1, 2011 through July 31, 2011   323,000   $ 59.15   323,000   $ 32 million
August 1, 2011 through August 31, 2011   591,000   $ 48.24   591,000   $ 3 million
September 1, 2011 through September 30, 2011   —   $ —   —   $ 703 million
Total/Average   914,000   $ 52.10   914,000      
                     

      (1)       On September 14, 2011, our Board authorized the repurchase of an additional $700 million of our common stock. This authorization has no stated expiration.
 
15
 
 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
 
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Item 8 below. The Statement of Operations, Statement of Financial Position and other data has been derived from our audited financial statements. Certain prior period information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation and to reflect the results of the divested Rollmet business as a discontinued operation.
 
    Years Ended September 30
    2011(a)   2010(b)   2009(c)   2008(d)   2007(e)
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)                                        
Statement of Operations Data:                                        
Sales       $     4,806         $     4,631         $     4,428         $     4,734         $     4,392  
Cost of sales     3,427       3,353       3,118       3,308       3,073  
Selling, general and administrative expenses     533       476       457       484       481  
Income from continuing operations     615       557       589       673       583  
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes     19       4       5       5       2  
Net income     634       561       594       678       585  
Net income as a percent of sales     13.2 %     12.1 %     13.4 %     14.3 %     13.3 %
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations     3.94       3.50       3.70       4.13       3.44  
Statement of Financial Position Data:                                        
Working capital(f)   $ 1,394     $ 1,237     $ 1,003     $ 598     $ 710  
Property     754       707       719       680       607  
Goodwill and intangible assets     1,088       1,072       964       807       691  
Total assets     5,389       5,064       4,645       4,144       3,750  
Short-term debt     —       24       —       287       —  
Long-term debt     528       525       532       228       223  
Shareowners' equity     1,523       1,482       1,292       1,408       1,573  
Other Data:                                        
Capital expenditures   $ 152     $ 109     $ 153     $ 171     $ 125  
Depreciation and amortization     141       149       144       129       118  
Dividends per share     0.96       0.96       0.96       0.80       0.64  
Stock Price:                                        
High   $ 67.29     $ 68.04     $ 51.37     $ 76.00     $ 74.69  
Low     43.82       47.19       27.67       43.26       54.38  

      (a)       Income from discontinued operations includes a $17 million gain ($27 million before income taxes) resulting from the sale of the Company’s Rollmet business. In addition, income from continuing operations includes $17 million of restructuring and asset impairment charges ($27 million before income taxes) primarily related to real estate lease and contract termination charges, asset impairment charges and employee severance costs. $26 million of the pre-tax restructuring and asset impairment charge was recorded in cost of sales and the remaining $1 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Net income also includes a $16 million income tax benefit related to the retroactive reinstatement of the previously expired Federal Research and Development Tax Credit.
  (b)   Includes a $20 million income tax benefit related to the favorable resolution of certain tax matters in 2010.
  (c)   Includes $21 million of restructuring and asset impairment charges primarily related to reductions in workforce and decisions to implement certain facility rationalization actions ($14 million after taxes). $19 million of the restructuring and asset impairment charge was recorded in cost of sales and the remaining $2 million was included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
  (d)   Includes a $22 million income tax benefit related to the favorable resolution of certain tax matters in 2008.
  (e)   Includes (i) a $13 million reduction in income tax expense related to the retroactive reinstatement of the previously expired Federal Research and Development Tax Credit and (ii) a $5 million favorable adjustment to a previously recorded restructuring charge. The $5 million adjustment in 2007 was primarily due to lower than expected employee separation costs ($3 million gain after taxes).
  (f)   Working capital consists of all current assets and liabilities, including cash and short-term debt.
 
16
 
 

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Item 8 below. The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements and estimates that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Factors that could cause or contribute to differences from estimates include those discussed under "Cautionary Statement" and "Risk Factors" contained in Item 1A above.
 
We operate on a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the Friday closest to September 30. For ease of presentation, September 30 is utilized consistently throughout Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to represent the fiscal year end date. 2011, 2010 and 2009 were all 52 week fiscal years. All date references contained herein relate to our fiscal year unless otherwise stated.
 
As discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Rollmet product line, formerly included within the Commercial Systems segment, has been accounted for as a discontinued operation for all periods presented and therefore certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Unless otherwise noted, disclosures pertain to our continuing operations.
 
OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK

We benefit from a diversified and balanced business, serving both commercial and government markets. This diversification and balance was an important attribute that helped support the performance of our Company during 2011. While our Government Systems business saw a modest revenue decline this year, our Commercial Systems business achieved a 13 percent increase in sales and a 290 basis point increase in segment operating margins. The reduction in Government Systems sales during 2011 was primarily due to the adverse impact of a change in government spending priorities and the lingering effects from the delay in ratification of the 2011 U.S. Department of Defense Appropriations Bill. In response to the challenging market conditions and projected decrease in 2012 sales for our Government Systems business, we redeployed resources and implemented a restructuring plan which, along with other cost savings initiatives, will better align our resources with this new economic environment. Our Commercial Systems business realized revenue growth from increased sales of our avionics systems to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for new commercial and business aircraft. This business also benefited from increased aftermarket sales to customers who remain focused on increasing the efficiency of their aircraft.
 
A continued focus on operating efficiency, strong incremental margin performance from our Commercial Systems business, higher share repurchases and lower tax expense drove a 15 percent increase in diluted earnings per share, which includes an after-tax gain of $17 million resulting from the divestiture of a non-core product line and an after-tax charge of $17 million related to certain restructuring and asset impairment charges. We generated the following results for 2011:
  • sales of $4.81 billion
     
  • diluted earnings per share of $4.06
     
  • operating cash flow of $657 million
     
  • invested in research and development (R&D) at 18.8 percent of sales
We believe our Company has proven its ability to both react quickly to changing business conditions and to execute its business plans. Our fundamental strategies continue to serve us well: the balance between our commercial and government businesses; the diversification of our customer base and product offerings; the integration of our business through our shared service operating model; our focus on innovation through R&D.
 
Balance—We feel our business is characterized by its balance, in terms of market segment, geographic regions and product and customer sales mix. We strive to maintain a balance between our Government and Commercial Systems businesses, believing that the segments are complementary to one another.
 
Diversification—Our business derives its revenue streams from a large number of customers, products, solutions, geographic regions and markets. Our Government Systems business executes against numerous programs every year for a variety of customers, including the U.S. Department of Defense, state and local governments, other government agencies, civil agencies, defense contractors and foreign ministries of defense. Our Commercial Systems business serves customers ranging from the world's largest aircraft manufacturers to individual aircraft owners within the general aviation marketplace. This diversification of revenue sources enables us to pursue numerous growth opportunities as business conditions vary across our portfolios.
 
17
 
 

Integration—We have a highly integrated business reliant upon a shared services operating platform. The integrated nature of our business allows us to leverage product and service capabilities across our segments in a manner we believe is unique in our industry. This integration is evidenced by our product and technology centers of excellence in areas such as displays, communication, navigation and surveillance, through which we apply our core competencies to solutions in both Government and Commercial Systems.
 
Innovation—A well-funded and comprehensive R&D program is a foundational aspect of our Company. Our focus on developing unique solutions to our customers' needs is evidenced by the large investment we dedicate towards R&D programs. It is this spending profile that has allowed us to successfully pursue and capture customer programs and that will continue to be the growth engine for our Company.
 
Looking forward to 2012, we believe the strong revenue growth expected in our Commercial Systems business should more than offset the modest decline anticipated in our Government Systems business. Despite the revenue decline that is expected to continue in Government Systems, we believe diluted earnings per share will increase at more than three times the rate of overall revenue growth. We expect to achieve this growth from incremental margins on higher anticipated Commercial Systems sales, continued improvements in operating efficiency and enhanced share repurchases funded through cash flow from operations and the incurrence of approximately $250 million of debt in 2012. Highlights of our 2012 earnings guidance are as follows:
  • total sales in the range of $4.9 billion to $5.0 billion, or about a 2 percent to 4 percent increase over 2011
     
  • diluted earnings per share in the range of $4.40 to $4.60
     
  • cash provided by operating activities in the range of $625 million to $725 million
     
  • capital expenditures of about $150 million
     
  • total company and customer-funded R&D expenditures of about $900 million, or about 18 percent of total sales
See the following sections for further discussion of 2011 and anticipated 2012 results of operations. For additional disclosure on segment operating earnings see Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below. Please also see our Risk Factors and Cautionary Statement in Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
 
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following management discussion and analysis of results of operations is based on reported financial results for 2009 through 2011 and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in Item 8 below.
 
As discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the Rollmet product line, formerly included within the Commercial Systems segment, has been accounted for as a discontinued operation for all periods presented and certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Unless otherwise noted, disclosures pertain to our continuing operations.
 
18
 
 

Consolidated Financial Results
 
Sales
 
(dollars in millions)   2011   2010   2009
U.S.       $     3,356         $     3,284         $     3,039
Non-U.S.(1)     1,450       1,347       1,389
Total   $ 4,806     $ 4,631     $ 4,428
Percent increase     4 %     5 %      

      (1)       Sales are attributed to geographic region based on country of destination.
 
Sales for 2011 compared to 2010
 
Total sales increased $175 million, or 4 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to a $223 million increase in Commercial Systems sales partially offset by a $48 million reduction in Government Systems sales. Incremental sales from acquisitions, principally the December 2009 acquisition of AR Group, Inc. (Air Routing), contributed $15 million, or less than 1 percentage point of revenue growth. A more detailed discussion of sales by segment in 2011 and 2010 is found in the Government Systems and Commercial Systems Financial Results sections below.
 
Domestic sales increased $72 million, or 2 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily attributable to higher Commercial Systems sales to Boeing and increased sales of our aftermarket products and services to commercial airlines and other domestic customers, including incremental service sales from the Air Routing acquisition, partially offset by lower sales to the U.S. Government resulting from the adverse market conditions described in the Government Systems sales section below.
 
Non-U.S. sales increased by $103 million, or 8 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the combined impact of higher Commercial Systems sales to non-U.S. business OEMs such as Bombardier and increased aftermarket revenues to commercial customers outside the U.S.
 
Sales for 2010 compared to 2009
 
Total sales increased $203 million, or 5 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to a $282 million increase in Government Systems sales partially offset by a $79 million reduction in Commercial Systems sales. Incremental sales from the May 2009 acquisition of DataPath, the December 2009 acquisition of Air Routing and the November 2008 acquisition of SEOS Group Limited (SEOS), contributed a total of $209 million in revenue, or 5 percentage points of revenue growth. A more detailed discussion of sales by segment in 2010 and 2009 is found in the Government Systems and Commercial Systems Financial Results sections below.
 
Domestic sales increased $245 million, or 8 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily attributable to sales growth in our Government Systems segment driven by higher product and service sales from the DataPath acquisition and increased sales to the U.S. Government. In addition, higher Commercial Systems sales to Boeing and incremental service sales from the Air Routing acquisition were partially offset by decreased sales to domestic business jet OEMs.
 
Non-U.S. sales decreased by $42 million, or 3 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to lower Commercial Systems sales impacted by reduced production rates at non-U.S. business and regional jet OEMs, partially offset by incremental sales to regions outside the U.S. from the DataPath and SEOS acquisitions.
 
Cost of Sales
 
(dollars in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Total cost of sales       $     3,427         $     3,353         $     3,118  
Percent of total sales     71.3 %     72.4 %     70.4 %

Cost of sales consists of all costs incurred to design and manufacture our products and includes R&D, raw material, labor, facility, product warranty, depreciation, amortization and other related expenses.
 
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Cost of sales for 2011 compared to 2010
 
Total cost of sales increased $74 million, or 2 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • $59 million increase resulted from the $175 million of net sales growth discussed in the Commercial Systems and Government Systems Financial Results sections below
     
  • $27 million increase was attributable to higher employee incentive compensation expenses. For 2011, $66 million of employee incentive compensation expense was included in cost of sales. For 2010, $39 million of employee incentive compensation expense was included in cost of sales
     
  • $26 million increase resulted from the restructuring and asset impairment charges recorded in 2011 which were classified within cost of sales, as discussed in Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
     
  • the above items were partially offset by a $31 million reduction to cost of sales attributable to lower defined benefit pension expense. As discussed in the Retirement Plans section below, the reduction in pension expense was primarily due to a change in the period of time over which actuarial gains and losses are amortized. For 2011, pension income reduced cost of sales by $18 million, compared to $13 million of pension expense included within cost of sales for 2010
Cost of sales for 2010 compared to 2009
 
Total cost of sales increased $235 million, or 8 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • incremental product and service cost of sales from the DataPath, Air Routing and SEOS acquisitions totaling $146 million
     
  • $45 million increase attributable to higher employee incentive compensation expenses. For 2010, $39 million of employee compensation expense was included in cost of sales. For 2009, no employee incentive compensation was awarded. In addition, a favorable adjustment to reduce cost of sales by $6 million occurred during 2009 resulting from lower than expected compensation payments made to employees in 2009 for incentive awards earned in 2008
     
  • $32 million increase attributable to higher defined benefit pension expense. As discussed in the Retirement Plans section below, the increase in pension expense was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of a decrease in the discount rate used to measure our U.S. pension expense from 7.60 percent in 2009 to 5.47 percent in 2010. For 2010, $13 million of pension expense was included within cost of sales, compared to $19 million of pension income during 2009
     
  • $19 million benefit due to the absence of restructuring and asset impairment charges recorded in 2009 primarily related to the closure of our facility in San Jose, California
     
  • the remaining variance was primarily related to a $68 million increase in cost of sales associated with the organic sales growth in Government Systems, partially offset by a $37 million net reduction in other cost of sales that was largely driven by the lower organic Commercial Systems sales volume. See the Government Systems and Commercial Systems Financial Results sections below for further discussion
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R&D expense is included as a component of cost of sales and is summarized as follows:
 
(dollars in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Customer-funded:                                    
       Government Systems   $     460     $     437     $     413  
       Commercial Systems     90       79       80  
       Total customer-funded     550       516       493  
Company-funded:                        
       Government Systems     116       115       104  
       Commercial Systems     239       230       251  
       Total company-funded     355       345       355  
Total research and development expense   $ 905     $ 861     $ 848  
Percent of total sales     18.8 %     18.6 %     19.0 %

Customer-funded R&D expenditures are incurred pursuant to contractual arrangements and are typically accounted for as contract costs within cost of sales with the reimbursement accounted for as a sale in accordance with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. As discussed in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, customer-funded R&D expense also includes amortization of pre-production engineering costs. This amortization totaled $15 million, $15 million and $7 million for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Company-funded R&D expense consists primarily of payroll-related expenses of employees engaged in R&D activities, engineering related product materials and equipment and subcontracting costs.
 
Total R&D expense increased $44 million from 2010 to 2011. The customer-funded portion of R&D expense increased $34 million from 2010 to 2011, primarily due to a $23 million increase within Government Systems that was largely attributable to effort on new development programs such as the KC-46A Tanker, E-6 special mission aircraft and the Common Range Integrated Instrumentation System (CRIIS) programs. An additional $11 million increase resulted from Commercial Systems, driven by increased effort on various business and regional jet platforms. The $10 million increase in company-funded R&D was primarily within Commercial Systems and was largely driven by increased effort towards development of next generation avionics for business aircraft and incremental effort related to our content on the Boeing 747-8 aircraft.
 
Total R&D expense increased $13 million from 2009 to 2010. The customer-funded portion of R&D expense increased $23 million from 2009 to 2010, primarily due to a $24 million increase within Government Systems from customer-funded development efforts on a European fixed-wing aircraft program and a public safety vehicle-electronics integration program. The increase in customer-funded R&D was partially offset by a $10 million decrease in company-funded R&D. Commercial Systems company-funded R&D decreased $21 million, primarily from lower spending as certain projects neared completion and the timing of other efforts were delayed as we continued to manage our cost structure and adjust to market demands. This decrease was partially offset by an $11 million increase in company-funded R&D expense within Government Systems, primarily related to the DataPath acquisition and increased spending on other programs.
 
Looking forward to 2012, total R&D expense is expected to be approximately $900 million, or about 18 percent of anticipated total Company sales. We expect customer-funded R&D within Government Systems to decrease as a result of recent program terminations. We expect this decrease to be partially offset by an increase in company-funded R&D within Commercial Systems as we continue to apply our recently certified Pro Line Fusion architecture to certain next generation flight decks for business aircraft.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
 
(dollars in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Selling, general and administrative expenses       $     533         $     476         $     457  
Percent of total sales     11.1 %     10.3 %     10.3 %

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses consist primarily of personnel, facility and other expenses related to employees not directly engaged in manufacturing or R&D activities. These activities include marketing and business development, finance, legal, information technology and other administrative and management functions.
 
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Total SG&A expenses increased $57 million, or 12 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • $29 million from higher employee incentive compensation costs and merit pay increases
     
  • $18 million increase resulting from the combined impact of pursuing international business opportunities (including the opening and staffing of new offices in Paris, China and the Middle East), higher bid and proposal costs and an increase in other selling costs and activities
     
  • $3 million of incremental SG&A expense from acquisitions, primarily Air Routing
Total SG&A expenses increased $19 million, or 4 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • $49 million increase due to the combined impact of incremental SG&A expense from the DataPath, Air Routing and SEOS acquisitions, and higher employee incentive compensation costs
     
  • $30 million decrease in SG&A expense primarily comprised of reductions in employee headcount and other cost savings
Interest Expense
 
(in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Interest expense       $     19       $     20       $     18

Interest expense decreased by $1 million in 2011 compared to 2010. Interest expense increased by $2 million in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to a full year of interest expense associated with the $300 million of long-term debt issued May 6, 2009. See Note 11 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below for more detail regarding outstanding debt.
 
Other Income, Net
 
(in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Other income, net       $     (28 )       $     (14 )       $     (23 )

For additional information regarding the fluctuations in Other income, net, see Note 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Income Tax Expense from Continuing Operations
 
(dollars in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Income tax expense       $     240         $     239         $     269  
Effective income tax rate     28.1 %     30.0 %     31.4 %

The effective income tax rate differed from the U.S. statutory tax rate as detailed below:
 
    2011   2010   2009
Statutory tax rate       35.0 %       35.0 %       35.0 %
State and local income taxes   1.1     0.8     0.7  
Research and development credit   (4.7 )   (1.2 )   (2.2 )
Domestic manufacturing deduction   (1.9 )   (1.1 )   (1.3 )
Tax settlements   (0.4 )   (2.4 )   —  
Other   (1.0 )   (1.1 )   (0.8 )
Effective income tax rate   28.1 %   30.0 %   31.4 %

The difference between our effective income tax rate in 2011 and the statutory tax rate is primarily due to the tax benefits derived from the Federal Research and Development Tax Credit (Federal R&D Tax Credit), which provides a tax benefit on certain incremental R&D expenditures, and the Domestic Manufacturing Deduction under Section 199 (DMD), which provides a tax benefit on U.S. based manufacturing.
 
22
 
 

The effective income tax rate in 2011 decreased from 2010 primarily due to the retroactive reinstatement of the Federal R&D Tax Credit which had previously expired on December 31, 2009. On December 17, 2010, the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization and Job Creation Act of 2010 was enacted which reinstated and extended the Federal R&D Tax Credit from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011 and reduced our 2011 effective income tax rate by about 2 percent.
 
The effective income tax rate in 2010 decreased from 2009 primarily due to the favorable impact of the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) completing its examination of the taxable years ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, partially offset by differences in the availability of the Federal R&D Tax Credit which expired December 31, 2009.
 
The effective income tax rates for 2011, 2010 and 2009 include a tax benefit related to the DMD. The DMD tax benefit available in 2010 and 2009 was being phased in by statute and was therefore lower than the full DMD tax benefit which became effective beginning in fiscal year 2011.
 
Management believes a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets is not necessary because it is more likely than not the deferred tax assets will be fully realized, except for $14 million of deferred tax assets which have been fully reserved related to foreign net operating losses in Sweden and the United Kingdom which are not subject to expirations.
 
Net Income and Diluted Earnings Per Share
 
(in millions, except per share amounts)       2011       2010       2009
Income from continuing operations   $      615     $      557     $      589  
Percent of sales     12.8 %     12.0 %     13.3 %
                         
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes     19       4       5  
Net income   $ 634     $ 561     $ 594  
                         
Diluted earnings per share from continuing operations   $ 3.94     $ 3.50     $ 3.70  
Diluted earnings per share from discontinued operations     0.12       0.02       0.03  
Diluted earnings per share   $ 4.06     $ 3.52     $ 3.73  
                         
Weighted average diluted common shares     156.1       159.2       159.4  

Net income for 2011 increased 13 percent to $634 million from net income of $561 million for 2010. Diluted earnings per share increased 15 percent to $4.06 for 2011 compared to $3.52 for 2010. Net income for 2011 includes a $17 million gain ($27 million before income taxes) from the divestiture of the Rollmet product line and also includes a $17 million charge ($27 million before income taxes) related to certain restructuring and asset impairment charges discussed in Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. The increase in net income and diluted earnings per share was primarily the result of higher earnings from Commercial Systems as discussed in the Commercial Systems Financial Results section below, partially offset by a reduction in Government Systems earnings as discussed in the Government Systems Financial Results section below. The impact of the 2011 restructuring and asset impairment charge was included in income from continuing operations while the gain on sale of the divested Rollmet business was included in discontinued operations. The increase in diluted earnings per share was greater than the increase in net income due to the positive impact of our share repurchase program.
 
Net income for 2010 decreased 6 percent to $561 million from net income of $594 million for 2009. Diluted earnings per share decreased 6 percent to $3.52 for 2010 compared to $3.73 for 2009. The decrease in net income and diluted earnings per share was primarily the result of higher expense from increased pension and employee incentive compensation costs and lower earnings from reduced Commercial Systems sales volume as discussed in the Commercial Systems Financial Results section. These items were partially offset by higher earnings from increased Government Systems sales volume as discussed in the Government Systems Financial Results section, a reduction to the effective income tax rate as discussed in the Income Taxes section and the absence of restructuring and asset impairment charges which occurred in 2009. The 2009 restructuring and asset impairment charge primarily related to the closure of a facility in San Jose, California and totaled $14 million after income taxes, or $21 million before income taxes.
 
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Segment Financial Results
 
Government Systems
 
Overview and Outlook
 
Our Government Systems business provides avionics, communication products, surface solutions and navigation products to the U.S. Department of Defense, state and local governments, other government agencies, civil agencies, defense contractors and foreign ministries of defense around the world. These systems, products and services support airborne (fixed and rotary wing), ground and shipboard applications. The short and long-term performance of our Government Systems business is affected by a number of factors, including the amount and prioritization of defense spending by the U.S. and non-U.S. governments, which is generally based on the security environment and underlying political landscape resulting from budget deficits.
 
We expect global baseline defense budgets to be constrained as we move into fiscal year 2012. We also anticipate our government customers will have reduced procurement budgets and the available funding for R&D will decline. Factors driving this decline include reductions in supplemental appropriations that are expected to put further pressure on procurement budgets, as well as the adverse impact resulting from program cancellations and the potential for further cuts to the U.S. Department of Defense budget caused by the Deficit Reduction Act and a volatile political landscape. In this market environment, we continue to believe high priority military transformation initiatives and customer demand for cost-effective solutions to modernize and extend the life of current systems or to replace systems returning from deployment will lead to funding support for our military communications and electronics equipment.
 
Risks affecting future performance of our Government Systems business include, but are not limited to:
  • potential impact of geopolitical and economic events
     
  • overall funding and prioritization of the U.S. and non-U.S. defense budgets
     
  • delayed, reduced or canceled funding for programs we have won
     
  • our ability to win new business, successfully develop products and execute on programs pursuant to contractual requirements
We expect Government Systems sales to decrease by low single digits in 2012 compared to 2011, driven primarily by the following:
  • $75 million reduction from lower production rates for legacy global positioning system (GPS) products as troop deployments wind down in Afghanistan and Iraq
     
  • $60 million unfavorable impact from three programs that were terminated by the U.S. government for convenience during 2011
     
  • lower Joint Tactical Radio System program revenue for the Ground Mobile Radio variant
     
  • fewer deliveries of iForce public safety vehicle systems
The majority of the unfavorable items above are anticipated to be experienced in the first half of fiscal year 2012. We expect the above items to be partially offset by sales growth experienced over the full year in the following areas:
  • tanker and transport avionics
      
  • fighter avionics and services
     
  • hardware for international targeting integration systems
     
  • simulation and training systems
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We project Government Systems 2012 segment operating margins will be comparable to the 21.0 percent segment operating margin reported in 2011 as the benefits of restructuring actions and a more favorable contract mix should offset the adverse impact of lower revenue.
 
For additional disclosure on Government Systems segment results see Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Government Systems Sales
 
The following table presents Government Systems sales by product category:
 
(dollars in millions)       2011       2010       2009
Avionics   $      1,434     $      1,389     $      1,315
Communication products     698       749       541
Surface solutions     377       408       370
Navigation products     304       315       353
Total   $ 2,813     $ 2,861     $ 2,579
Percent increase (decrease)     (2 )%     11 %      

Beginning in 2011, product category sales for Government Systems are delineated based upon differences in the underlying product technologies and markets served. Government Systems sales for the years ended September 30, 2010 and 2009 have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
 
Government Systems Sales for 2011 compared to 2010
 
Avionics sales increased $45 million, or 3 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • $69 million increase resulting from the combined impact of low-rate initial production sales on an E-6 special mission aircraft program and development effort on the recently awarded KC-46A Tanker program
     
  • $43 million increase from higher rotary wing avionics sales on various platforms
     
  • the above items were partially offset by a $66 million reduction in sales from the completion of the KC-135 Global Air Traffic Management program
Communication products sales decreased $51 million, or 7 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to a $60 million net reduction in satellite communication program revenues, driven by the combined impact of a recently completed upgrade program and the adverse impact of delayed funding authorizations from the U.S. Government.
 
Surface solutions sales decreased $31 million, or 8 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • $63 million reduction attributable to the combined impact of two programs that were terminated for convenience by the U.S. Government and lower sales of soldier system optronics products that were adversely impacted by delayed funding authorizations from the U.S. Government
     
  • $13 million decrease resulting from lower deliveries of iForce public safety vehicle systems
     
  • the above items were partially offset by $48 million of increased development revenues for the Common Range Integrated Instrumentation System program
Navigation products sales decreased $11 million, or 3 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to lower sales of GPS-based products.
 
Government Systems Sales for 2010 compared to 2009
 
Avionics sales increased $74 million, or 6 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to a $66 million increase in tanker / transport and special mission program revenues, due primarily to the combined impact of non-U.S. program wins to upgrade fixed-wing aircraft and higher revenues on KC-135 programs.
 
25
 
 

Communication products sales increased $208 million, or 38 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • incremental sales from the May 2009 DataPath acquisition contributed $172 million, or 32 percentage points of the growth
     
  • $20 million increase related to higher sales from deliveries of satellite radio units for certain mission system programs
Surface solutions sales increased $38 million, or 10 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • $54 million increase to revenue from initial deliveries of iForce public safety vehicle systems
     
  • partially offset by a $19 million reduction in sales for a military ground modernization development program
Navigation products sales decreased $38 million, or 11 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to a $36 million reduction in revenue from lower sales of GPS products as production rates were reduced in accordance with U.S. Department of Defense fielding requirements.
 
Government Systems Segment Operating Earnings
 
(dollars in millions)       2011       2010       2009
Segment operating earnings   $      592     $      606     $      602  
Percent of sales     21.0 %     21.2 %     23.3 %

Government Systems Operating Earnings for 2011 compared to 2010
 
Government Systems operating earnings were $592 million, or 21.0 percent of sales, for 2011 compared to operating earnings of $606 million, or 21.2 percent of sales, for 2010. The $14 million decrease in Government Systems operating earnings was primarily due to the following:
  • $18 million reduction attributable to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses driven by higher employee incentive compensation costs and merit pay increases as discussed in the SG&A section above
     
  • $48 million reduction in sales volume discussed in the Government Systems Sales section above resulted in a $31 million reduction to costs and lower operating earnings of $17 million
     
  • the above items were partially offset by a $21 million net benefit to operating earnings resulting from the combined impact of lower pension costs, as discussed in the Retirement Plans section below, and a $7 million reduction in warranty expenses primarily attributable to a favorable adjustment recorded in 2011 to reduce warranty reserves
Government Systems operating earnings as a percent of sales were relatively flat from 2010 to 2011.
 
Government Systems Operating Earnings for 2010 compared to 2009
 
Government Systems operating earnings were $606 million, or 21.2 percent of sales, for 2010 compared to operating earnings of $602 million, or 23.3 percent of sales, for 2009. The $4 million increase in Government Systems operating earnings was primarily due to the following:
  • $282 million increase in sales volume discussed in the Government Systems Sales section above resulted in a $219 million increase to costs and incremental operating earnings of $63 million
     
  • $14 million benefit to operating earnings resulted from lower warranty expense. The reduction in warranty expense was primarily due to the combined impact of a favorable adjustment recorded in 2010 to reduce warranty reserves for certain tanker transport aircraft programs and the absence of unfavorable charges which occurred in 2009 related to retrofits of fielded product. During 2010, net warranty expense for the Government Systems segment was $1 million compared to $15 million during 2009
26
 
 

  • $62 million reduction in operating earnings attributable to the combined impact of a $44 million increase in employee incentive compensation costs and an $18 million increase in pension expense as discussed in the Cost of Sales section above. For 2010, employee incentive compensation costs and defined benefit pension expense were $41 million and $8 million, respectively. For 2009, employee incentive compensation and defined benefit pension income benefited operating earnings by $3 million and $10 million, respectively
     
  • $11 million reduction in operating earnings related to higher company-funded R&D expense, as explained in the Cost of Sales section above
The decline in Government Systems operating earnings as a percent of sales during 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to higher employee incentive compensation, pension and company-funded R&D expenses explained above and lower margin acquisition revenues, partially offset by the reduction in warranty expense.
 
Commercial Systems
 
Overview and Outlook
 
Our Commercial Systems business supplies aviation electronics systems, products and services to customers located throughout the world. The customer base is comprised of OEMs of commercial air transport, business and regional aircraft, commercial airlines and business aircraft operators. The near and long-term performance of our Commercial Systems business is impacted by general worldwide economic health, commercial airline flight hours, corporate profits and the financial condition of airlines worldwide.
 
We are experiencing positive trends in the commercial markets that we serve. Our air transport OEM customers enter fiscal year 2012 with a strong backlog and recent order activity that has prompted further increases in their planned aircraft production rates. We expect the strength of our positions on these platforms to benefit us in 2012. The planned production rate increases by the air transport OEMs also represent a positive sign that airlines expect to see continued favorable traffic trends as we move into 2012. Additionally, the market for new business jets has begun to recover with some increased demand and build rates anticipated for certain high-end and mid-sized aircraft classes. Demand for business aircraft at the low end of the market continues to lag as buyers remain cautious to commit capital towards the purchase of new aircraft. We expect deliveries of business and regional jets in 2012 to increase as compared to 2011. We expect a favorable commercial aftermarket environment due to continued increases in air transport passenger traffic, business jet utilization and airline capacity. The entry into service of the Boeing 787 and 747-8 aircraft is expected to drive additional demand for our aftermarket products and services as airlines provision initial spares in anticipation of aircraft delivery. Additionally, stronger airline and corporate profitability is expected to drive increases in demand for our retrofit and spare products.
 
Risks to the Commercial Systems business include, among other things:
  • turbulence in global economic and financial markets could have a significant impact on demand for air travel, airline demand for new aircraft and the availability of financing for new aircraft
     
  • occurrence of an unexpected geopolitical event, or pandemic, that could have a significant impact on demand for air travel and airline demand for new aircraft
     
  • potential negative impact that fuel prices could have on the profitability of airline and other aircraft operator customers
     
  • our ability to develop products and execute on programs pursuant to contractual requirements
     
  • development and market acceptance of our products and systems
     
  • potential adverse impact from delays in aircraft production rate schedules at the OEMs, including delays in the entry into service date for new aircraft
We expect Commercial Systems sales to increase by low double digits in 2012 compared to 2011, primarily due to the following:
  • sales to aircraft OEMs are expected to increase in the low teens as a result of the entry into service and ramp-up in production of the Boeing 787 and 747-8 and the Bombardier Global and Gulfstream G280 aircraft, as well as planned production rate increases across both air transport and business jet manufacturers
27
 
 

  • aftermarket sales are expected to experience growth in the low teens due to continued increases in air transport passenger traffic and business jet utilization, as well as increased retrofit and initial sparing activities in the air transport market as airlines take delivery of next generation aircraft
     
  • the above items are expected to be partially offset by an estimated reduction of $20 million in sales of Wide-body in-flight entertainment (IFE) products and services due to our decision in 2005 to cease investing in this product area
We project Commercial Systems 2012 operating margins will expand by approximately 250 basis points above the 19.1 percent reported in 2011, driven primarily by the anticipated revenue increase.
 
For additional disclosure on Commercial Systems segment results see Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Commercial Systems Sales
 
The following table presents Commercial Systems sales by product category and type of product or service:
 
(dollars in millions)       2011       2010       2009
Air transport aviation electronics:                      
       Original equipment   $      499     $      439     $      365
       Aftermarket     431       380       388
       Wide-body in-flight entertainment products and services     119       145       191
       Total air transport aviation electronics     1,049       964       944
Business and regional aviation electronics:                      
       Original equipment     557       466       605
       Aftermarket     387       340       300
       Total business and regional aviation electronics     944       806       905
Total   $ 1,993     $ 1,770     $ 1,849
Percent increase (decrease)     13 %     (4 )%      

Commercial Systems Sales for 2011 compared to 2010
 
Total air transport aviation electronics sales increased $85 million, or 9 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • air transport OEM sales increased $60 million, or 14 percent, primarily from higher product deliveries to Boeing across multiple platforms, including Boeing 787 aircraft, and increased development effort on avionics packages for the new Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China, Ltd. (COMAC) C919 narrowbody aircraft
     
  • air transport aftermarket sales increased $51 million, or 13 percent, primarily related to a $27 million increase in service and support sales and higher aftermarket hardware revenues of $24 million, driven by initial deliveries of spares for Boeing 747-8 aircraft and higher spare part sales to various airline customers as they restocked their inventories
     
  • Wide-body IFE sales decreased $26 million, or 18 percent, due to the Company's strategic decision announced in 2005 to cease investment in this product area. Wide-body IFE relates to sales of twin-aisle IFE products and systems to customers in the air transport aviation electronics market and also includes related revenue from wide-body service and support activities. Previously, revenues from Wide-body IFE service and support activities were included in air transport aftermarket sales. For 2010 and 2009, $95 million and $106 million, respectively, was reclassified out of air transport aftermarket sales and into Wide-body IFE products and services in order to conform to the current period presentation
28
 
 

Total business and regional aviation electronics sales increased $138 million, or 17 percent, in 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • business and regional OEM sales increased $91 million, or 20 percent, primarily due to $64 million of higher sales to Bombardier for Bombardier Global and Challenger 300 aircraft and $14 million of higher avionics sales to Cessna resulting from our new position on the CJ-4 aircraft
     
  • business and regional aftermarket sales increased $47 million, or 14 percent. Service and support revenues accounted for $17 million of the increase, driven by improved aircraft utilization. Higher spare parts revenues and increased sales of equipment for simulators primarily contributed an additional $18 million. The remaining increase of $12 million was primarily related to incremental sales from the Air Routing and CTA acquisitions
Commercial Systems Sales for 2010 compared to 2009
 
Total air transport aviation electronics sales increased $20 million, or 2 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • air transport OEM sales increased $74 million, or 20 percent, primarily from higher sales to Boeing across multiple platforms as sales in 2009 were adversely impacted by Boeing's labor strike and resulting inventory rationalization
     
  • air transport aftermarket sales decreased $8 million, or 2 percent, due primarily to lower sales of retrofits and spares
     
  • Wide-body IFE sales decreased $46 million, or 24 percent
Total business and regional aviation electronics sales decreased $99 million, or 11 percent, in 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • business jet OEM sales decreased $127 million, or 27 percent, primarily due to lower business jet OEM production rates
     
  • regional jet OEM sales decreased $12 million, or 10 percent, primarily due to depressed regional jet OEM production rates at Bombardier, partially offset by higher customer-funded development programs
     
  • incremental revenue from the Air Routing acquisition contributed $28 million to business and regional aviation electronics aftermarket sales
     
  • organic business and regional aftermarket sales increased $12 million, or 4 percent, primarily due to a $9 million increase in service revenues from improved aircraft utilization
Commercial Systems Segment Operating Earnings
 
(dollars in millions)       2011       2010       2009
Segment operating earnings   $      381     $      287     $      344  
Percent of sales     19.1 %     16.2 %     18.6 %

Commercial Systems Operating Earnings for 2011 compared to 2010
 
Commercial Systems operating earnings increased $94 million, or 33 percent, for 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the following:
  • $223 million sales increase discussed in the Commercial Systems sales section above resulted in a $109 million increase in costs and incremental operating earnings of $114 million
     
  • $18 million benefit to operating earnings related to a change in estimate recorded in 2011 to reduce the provision for certain customer incentives
29
 
 

  • the above items were partially offset by a $29 million reduction to operating earnings attributable to an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses as discussed in the SG&A section above
     
  • an additional $9 million reduction to operating earnings resulted from higher company-funded R&D expense, as explained in the Cost of Sales section above
The increase in Commercial Systems operating earnings as a percent of sales during 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to the incremental earnings from higher sales and the favorable impact of the adjustment to customer incentive reserves, partially offset by higher SG&A and company-funded R&D expenses.
 
Commercial Systems Operating Earnings for 2010 compared to 2009
 
Commercial Systems operating earnings decreased $57 million, or 17 percent, for 2010 compared to 2009, primarily due to the following:
  • $79 million reduction in sales volume explained in the Commercial Systems Sales section above resulted in a $36 million decrease to operating earnings and a $43 million decrease to costs
     
  • $42 million reduction in operating earnings attributable to the combined impact of a $29 million increase in employee incentive compensation costs and a $13 million increase in pension expense as discussed in the Cost of Sales section above. For 2010, employee incentive compensation costs and defined benefit pension expenses were $26 million and $5 million, respectively. For 2009, employee incentive compensation and defined benefit pension income benefited operating earnings by $3 million and $8 million, respectively
     
  • $21 million benefit to operating earnings due to lower company-funded R&D expense, as explained in the Cost of Sales section above
The decline in Commercial Systems operating earnings as a percent of sales during 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to the lower sales volume and higher employee incentive compensation and pension expenses, partially offset by the reduction in company-funded R&D expenses noted above and lower SG&A from headcount reductions and other cost savings.
 
General Corporate, Net
 
General corporate expenses that are not allocated to our business segments are included in General corporate, net. These costs are included within SG&A expense and Other Income, net on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. General corporate, net is summarized as follows:
 
(in millions)       2011       2010       2009
General corporate, net   $      48   $      54   $      31

General corporate, net expense decreased $6 million during 2011 as compared to 2010 primarily due to a $13 million decrease in defined benefit pension expense that is described in the Retirement Plans section below, partially offset by a $7 million increase in certain selling, general and administrative costs, including employee incentive compensation, as discussed in the SG&A section above.
 
General corporate, net expense increased $23 million during 2010 as compared to 2009 primarily due to the combined impact of a $6 million increase in employee incentive compensation and a $13 million increase in defined benefit pension expenses. For 2010, the combined amount of employee incentive compensation and pension cost included within General corporate, net was $18 million. For 2009, a favorable adjustment to an employee incentive compensation reserve resulted in a $1 million benefit to General corporate, net while pension expense was zero.
 
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Retirement Plans
 
Net benefit expense (income) for pension benefits and other retirement benefits are as follows:
 
(in millions) 2011      2010      2009
Pension benefits $       (16 )   $       26   $       (18 )
Other retirement benefits   10       5     4  
Net benefit expense (income) $ (6 )   $ 31   $ (14 )
                     
Pension Benefits
 
In 2003, we amended our U.S. qualified and non-qualified pension plans covering all salary and hourly employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements to discontinue benefit accruals for salary increases and services rendered after September 30, 2006. Concurrently, we replaced this benefit by supplementing our existing defined contribution savings plan to include an additional Company contribution effective October 1, 2006. The supplemental contribution to our existing defined contribution savings plan was $39 million, $34 million and $36 million for 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
Defined benefit pension expense (income) for the years ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $(16) million, $26 million and $(18) million, respectively. The decrease in pension expense in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to the change in amortization period of actuarial gains and losses from 11 years in 2010 to 28 years in 2011. The higher pension expense in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to the unfavorable impact of a decrease in the discount rate used to measure pension expense from 7.60 percent in 2009 to 5.47 percent in 2010.
 
During 2011, the funded status of our pension plans went from a deficit of $1,185 million at September 30, 2010 to a deficit of $1,407 million at September 30, 2011, primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate used to measure our U.S. pension obligations from 4.85 percent at September 30, 2010 to 4.43 percent at September 30, 2011. In addition, the funded status was adversely impacted by a reduction in plan assets during 2011. During 2010, the funded status of our pension plans went from a deficit of $1,040 at September 30, 2009 to a deficit of $1,185 million at September 30, 2010, primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate used to measure our U.S. pension obligations from 5.47 percent at September 30, 2009 to 4.85 percent at September 30, 2010, partially offset by an increase in plan assets driven by improved market returns in 2010.
 
We expect defined benefit pension income of $12 million in 2012, compared to $16 million of pension income in 2011. The expected $4 million reduction in pension income from 2011 to 2012 is primarily due to an increase in the amortization of net actuarial losses driven by the unfavorable impact of low discount rates and declines in asset values over recent years, partially offset by lower interest costs due to the decrease in the discount rate used to calculate pension expense.
 
Our objective with respect to the funding of our pension plans is to provide adequate assets for the payment of future benefits. Pursuant to this objective, we will fund our pension plans as required by governmental regulations and may consider discretionary contributions as conditions warrant. We believe our strong financial position continues to provide us the opportunity to make contributions to our pension fund without inhibiting our ability to pursue strategic investments.
 
In October 2011, subsequent to our 2011 year end, we made a $47 million contribution to our U.S. qualified pension plan. We plan to contribute an additional $63 million in 2012 for a total $110 million contribution, which we anticipate will fully satisfy the minimum statutory funding requirements for 2012. Any additional future contributions necessary to satisfy the minimum statutory funding requirements are dependent upon actual plan asset returns and interest rates. We may elect to make additional discretionary contributions during 2012 to further improve the funded status of this plan. Contributions to our non-U.S. plans and our U.S. non-qualified plan are expected to total $13 million in 2012.
 
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Other Retirement Benefits
 
We have historically provided retiree medical and life insurance benefits to substantially all of our employees. We have undertaken two major actions over the past several years with respect to these benefits that have lowered both the current and future costs of providing these benefits:
  • in July of 2002, the pre-65 and post-65 retiree medical plans were amended to discontinue benefits for employees hired after September 30, 2006 and establish a fixed Company contribution. Additional premium contributions will be required from participants for all costs in excess of this fixed contribution amount. This amendment eliminated the risk to us related to health care cost escalations for retiree medical benefits going forward as additional contributions will be required from retirees for all costs in excess of our fixed contribution amount
     
  • as a result of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, we amended our retiree medical plans on June 30, 2004 to discontinue post-65 prescription drug coverage effective January 1, 2008. Post-65 retirees have the option of receiving these benefits through Medicare. We believe the Medicare prescription drug benefit is generally better than the benefit that was provided by our discontinued post-65 drug plan
Other retirement benefits expense for the years ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $10 million, $5 million and $4 million, respectively. We expect other retirement benefits expense of approximately $18 million in 2012.
 
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY
 
Cash Flow Summary
 
Our ability to generate significant cash flow from operating activities coupled with our expected ability to access the credit markets enables us to execute our growth strategies and return value to our shareowners. The timing of our cash inflows is historically heavily weighted towards the second half of our fiscal year, particularly to our fourth quarter. We expect this trend to continue in the future.
 
During 2011, we made $113 million of pension plan contributions and also made significant cash expenditures aimed at future growth and enhanced shareowner value, as shown below:
  • $328 million of cash payments for share repurchases
     
  • $152 million of capital expenditures
     
  • $148 million of dividend payments
     
  • $17 million related to the acquisitions of Blue Ridge Simulation, Inc. and Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc.
Operating Activities
 
(in millions) 2011      2010      2009
Cash provided by operating activities $       657   $       711   $       633

The $54 million decrease in cash provided by operating activities in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to the following:
  • Payments for inventory and other operating costs increased $237 million to $3,878 million in 2011 compared to $3,641 million in 2010. The increase was primarily due to increased costs associated with the higher sales volume in 2011 discussed in the Results of Operations section above and an increase in inventory, primarily driven by:
                     (i)        higher pre-production engineering costs, as explained in greater detail within the Critical Accounting Policies section below, and resulting from increased effort on programs such as the Airbus A350, various Bombardier platforms in the business jet market, and several international rotary and fixed-wing programs within Government Systems
       
  (ii)   higher inventory resulting from the adverse impact of delayed funding authorizations from the U.S. Government, an increase to accommodate a transitional period of relocating certain production effort to other existing facilities, and increased component parts purchased to mitigate supply chain risks in light of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan
 
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  • payments for employee incentive pay increased $71 million in 2011 compared to 2010. Incentive pay is expensed in the year it is incurred and paid in the first fiscal quarter of the following year. During 2011, $71 million was paid for employee incentive pay costs incurred during 2010. No incentive pay costs were incurred for the full year 2009; accordingly, there was no 2010 payment for incentive pay
     
  • the above items were partially offset by an increase in cash receipts from customers of $212 million to $4,799 million in 2011 compared to $4,587 million in 2010, primarily due to the higher sales volume in 2011 as discussed in the Results of Operations section above and higher collections of receivables from customers, including higher progress payments received in advance of revenue recognition
     
  • payments for income taxes decreased $29 million to $96 million in 2011 compared to $125 million in 2010 primarily due to the timing of cash tax payments related to the retroactive extension of the Federal R&D Tax credit
The $78 million increase in cash provided by operating activities in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to the following:
  • payments for employee incentive pay decreased $113 million in 2010 compared to 2009. Incentive pay is expensed in the year it is incurred and paid in the first fiscal quarter of the following year. During 2009, $113 million was paid for employee incentive pay costs incurred during 2008. No incentive pay costs were incurred for the full year 2009; accordingly, there was no 2010 payment for incentive pay
     
  • cash receipts from customers increased $58 million to $4,587 million in 2010 compared to $4,529 million in 2009, primarily due to the higher sales volume in 2010 as discussed in the Results of Operations section above and higher advances from government-related contracts for financing of inventory
     
  • payments for income taxes decreased $32 million to $125 million in 2010 compared to $157 million in 2009 primarily due to lower estimated taxable income in 2010
     
  • pension contributions decreased $29 million in 2010 compared to 2009
     
  • the above items were partially offset by a $182 million increase in payments for inventory and other operating costs to $3,641 million in 2010 compared to $3,459 million in 2009. The increase was primarily due to increased costs associated with the higher sales volume in 2010 discussed in the Results of Operations section above and inventory purchases for anticipated production volume
In 2012 cash provided by operating activities is expected to be in the range of $625 million to $725 million. The projected range of cash provided by operating activities accommodates a $110 million expected contribution to our U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan and a projected $130 million net increase in pre-production engineering costs. We expect a majority of the projected 2012 operating cash flow to be generated in the second half of our fiscal year.
 
Investing Activities
 
(in millions) 2011      2010      2009
Cash used for investing activities $       (92 )   $       (232 )   $       (302 )

The $140 million reduction in cash used for investing activities in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to the following:
  • in 2011 we received $44 million in proceeds from the divestiture of the Rollmet business and $14 million in proceeds from the disposition of property compared to $1 million received from the disposition of property in 2010
     
  • in 2011 we acquired Blue Ridge Simulation, Inc. and Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc. for $17 million compared to the 2010 acquisition of Air Routing for $91 million
     
  • we received $20 million from the sale of a short-term investment of excess cash in Germany in 2011 which was purchased for $21 million in 2010
     
  • the above items were partially offset by a $43 million increase in property additions in 2011 compared to 2010
     
  • in addition, we entered into an agreement with Bombardier, Inc. in April 2011 to provide them $237 million of cash on a short-term basis in connection with their Global Vision aircraft program. Bombardier repaid the amount in full in June of 2011, in accordance with the terms of our agreement
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The $70 million reduction in cash used for investing activities in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to the following:
  • in 2010 we acquired Air Routing for $91 million compared to the 2009 acquisitions of DataPath and SEOS for $146 million
     
  • $44 million reduction in property additions in 2010 compared to 2009
     
  • the above items were partially offset by $21 million of short-term investments purchased in 2010 by a non-U.S. subsidiary
Financing Activities
 
(in millions) 2011      2010      2009
Cash used for financing activities $       (471 )   $       (279 )   $       (275 )

The $192 million increase in cash used for financing activities in 2011 compared to 2010 was primarily due to the following:
  • cash repurchases of common stock increased $145 million to $328 million in 2011 from $183 million in 2010
     
  • repayment of short-term borrowings increased by $24 million in 2011 as short-term debt of $24 million outstanding at the end of 2010 was repaid during 2011
     
  • cash proceeds from stock option exercises decreased $16 million to $22 million in 2011 from $38 million in 2010
The $4 million increase in cash used for financing activities in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily due to the following:
  • cash repurchases of common stock increased $30 million to $183 million in 2010 from $153 million in 2009
     
  • the above item was mostly offset by changes in other financing activities, including higher cash proceeds and tax benefits from stock option exercises
Share Repurchase Program
 
Strong cash flow from operations provided funds for repurchasing our common stock under our share repurchase program as follows:
 
(in millions, except per share amounts) 2011      2010      2009
Amount of share repurchases $       322   $       182   $       156
Number of shares repurchased   5.5     3.2     3.9
Weighted average price per share $ 58.50   $ 57.50   $ 40.01

Approximately $0 and $2 million of the 2011 and 2010 share repurchases reflected in the table above are included within accounts payable at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and are reflected as a non-cash transaction in our Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
 
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Dividends
 
We declared and paid cash dividends of $148 million, $151 million and $152 million in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Based on our current dividend policy, we will pay quarterly cash dividends which, on an annual basis, will equal $0.96 per share. We expect to fund dividends using cash generated from operations. The declaration and payment of future dividends is at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors.
 
Financial Condition and Liquidity
 
We have historically maintained a capital structure characterized by conservative levels of debt outstanding that enables us sufficient access to credit markets. When combined with our ability to generate strong levels of cash flow from our operations, this capital structure provides the strength and flexibility necessary to pursue strategic growth opportunities and to return value to our shareowners. A comparison of key elements of our financial condition as of September 30, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:
 
  September 30
(dollars in millions) 2011      2010
Cash and cash equivalents $       530     $       435  
Short-term investments   —       20  
Short-term debt   —       (24 )
Long-term debt, net   (528 )     (525 )
Net debt (1) $ 2     $ (94 )
Total equity $ 1,528     $ 1,486  
Debt to total capitalization (2)   26 %     27 %
Net debt to total capitalization (3)   — %     6 %

       (1)        Calculated as total of short-term and long-term debt, net (Total debt), less cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments
  (2)   Calculated as Total debt divided by the sum of Total debt plus Total equity
  (3)   Calculated as Net debt divided by the sum of Net debt plus Total equity
 
We primarily fund our contractual obligations, capital expenditures, small to medium sized acquisitions, dividends and share repurchases from cash generated from operating activities. Approximately half of our cash and cash equivalents resides at non-U.S. locations and may not be readily accessible for use in the U.S. due to potential adverse income tax implications and other statutory limitations. Due to the fluctuations of cash flows, we supplement our internally generated cash flow from time to time by issuing short-term commercial paper. Under our commercial paper program, we may sell up to $850 million face amount of unsecured short-term promissory notes in the commercial paper market. The commercial paper notes have maturities of not more than 364 days from the date of issuance. At September 30, 2011, there were no short-term commercial paper borrowings outstanding. The maximum amount of short-term borrowings outstanding during 2011 was $345 million and was primarily the result of borrowings to fund a $237 million cash advance we provided to Bombardier, Inc. in April 2011 that was repaid in full in June 2011, in accordance with the terms of our agreement with Bombardier. We provided the cash advance to Bombardier to assist them by offsetting some delays they experienced in receiving customer advance payments on their Global Vision aircraft program. At September 30, 2010, there were no outstanding short-term commercial paper borrowings.
 
In the event our access to the commercial paper markets is impaired, we have access to an $850 million Revolving Credit Facility through a network of banks that matures in 2016, with options to further extend the term for up to two one-year periods and/or increase the aggregate principal amount up to $1.2 billion. These options are subject to the approval of the lenders. Our only financial covenant under the Revolving Credit Facility requires that we maintain a consolidated debt to total capitalization ratio of not greater than 60 percent, excluding the accumulated other comprehensive loss equity impact related to defined benefit retirement plans. Our debt to total capitalization ratio at September 30, 2011 based on this financial covenant was 15 percent. We had no borrowings at September 30, 2011 under our Revolving Credit Facility.
 
In addition, alternative sources of liquidity could include funds available from the issuance of equity securities, debt securities and potential asset securitization strategies. We have a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to which we can publicly offer and sell securities from time to time. This shelf registration covers an unlimited amount of debt securities, common stock and preferred stock or warrants that may be offered in one or more offerings on terms to be determined at the time of sale. To date, we have not raised capital through the issuance of equity securities as we prefer to use debt financing to lower our overall cost of capital and increase our return on shareowners' equity. To fund share repurchases, we plan to incur $250 million of additional debt in 2012.
 
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Credit ratings are a significant factor in determining our ability to access short-term and long-term financing as well as the cost of such financing in terms of interest rates. Our strong credit ratings have enabled continued access to both short and long-term credit markets. If our credit ratings were to be adjusted downward by the rating agencies, the implications of such actions could include impairment or elimination of our access to credit markets and an increase in the cost of borrowing. The following is a summary of our credit ratings as of September 30, 2011:
 
Credit Rating Agency        Short-Term Rating        Long-Term Rating        Outlook
Fitch Ratings   F1   A   Stable
Moody’s Investors Service   P-1   A1   Stable
Standard & Poor’s   A-1   A   Stable

We were in compliance with all debt covenants at September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010.
 
Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
 
As of September 30, 2011, other than operating leases, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements, including guarantees, retained or contingent interests in assets transferred to unconsolidated entities, derivative instruments indexed to our stock and classified in shareowners' equity on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position or variable interests in entities that provide financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support to our Company.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
The following table summarizes certain of our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2011, as well as when these obligations are expected to be satisfied:
 
  Payments Due by Period
        Less than   1 - 3   4 - 5      
(in millions) Total      1 Year      Years      Years      Thereafter
Long-term debt $       500   $       —   $       200   $       —   $       300
Interest on long-term debt   145     25     43     32     45
Non-cancelable operating leases   226     60     83     39     44
Purchase obligations:                            
       Purchase orders   987     830     126     6     25
       Purchase contracts   121     48     63     4     6
Total $ 1,979   $ 963   $ 515   $ 81   $ 420
                             
Interest payments under long-term debt obligations exclude the potential effects of the related interest rate swap contracts. See Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
We lease certain office and manufacturing facilities as well as certain machinery and equipment under various lease contracts with terms that meet the accounting definition of operating leases. Our commitments under these operating leases, in the form of non-cancelable future lease payments, are not reflected as a liability on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
 
Purchase obligations include purchase orders and purchase contracts. Purchase orders are executed in the normal course of business and may or may not be cancelable. Purchase contracts include agreements with suppliers under which there is a commitment to buy a minimum amount of products or pay a specified amount regardless of actual need. Generally, items represented in purchase obligations are not reflected as liabilities on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
 
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The table excludes obligations with respect to pension and other post-retirement benefit plans (see Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below). We plan to contribute $110 million to our U.S. qualified pension plan in 2012, which will fully satisfy the minimum statutory funding requirements for 2012. In October 2011, subsequent to fiscal year end, $47 million of this amount was contributed to the plan. For years beyond 2012, the actual amounts required to be contributed to our U.S. qualified pension plan are dependent upon, among other things, interest rates and underlying asset returns. Due to the current uncertainty of the amounts used to compute our expected pension plan funding, we believe it is not practicable to reasonably estimate such future funding for periods in excess of one year. With the exception of certain bargaining unit plans, payments due under other post-retirement benefit plans are funded as the expenses are incurred.
 
In addition, the table excludes liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits, which totaled $100 million at September 30, 2011, as we cannot reasonably estimate the ultimate timing of cash settlements to the respective taxing authorities (see Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below).
 
The following table reflects certain of our commercial commitments as of September 30, 2011:
 
  Amount of Commitment Expiration by Period
  Total                        
  Amount   Less than   1 - 3   4 - 5      
(in millions) Committed      1 Year      Years      Years      Thereafter
Letters of credit* $       74   $       59   $       13   $       2   $       —

* See Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below for a discussion of letters of credit.
 
In addition to the obligations disclosed above, we occasionally enter into Offset agreements, required by certain customers in some non-U.S. countries, as a condition to obtaining contract awards for our products and services. These agreements, which generally extend over several years, are customary in our industry and are designed to enhance the social and economic environment of the country in which our customers operate. These commitments may be satisfied through activities that do not require us to use cash, including transfer of technology, providing manufacturing and other consulting support to in-country projects, strategic alliances and transactions conducted by third parties (e.g., our vendors). These agreements may also be satisfied through our use of cash for activities such as placement of direct work or vendor orders for supplies and/or services, building or leasing facilities for in-country operations, in-country employment of a non-U.S. country's citizen and other forms of assistance in the applicable country. The Offset rules and regulations, as well as the underlying contracts, may differ from one country to another.
 
We typically do not commit to Offset agreements until contract awards for our products or services are definitive. Should we be unable to meet the Offset obligations we may be subject to contractual penalties, and our chances of receiving additional business from the applicable customers could be reduced or, in certain cases, eliminated. We historically have not been required to pay material penalties related to Offset obligations and are currently in compliance with our Offset commitments.
 
At September 30, 2011, we had outstanding Offset obligations totaling approximately $437 million that extend through 2021. The amounts ultimately applied against our Offset requirements are based on negotiations with the customer and the cost to fulfill the obligation is typically only a fraction of the original obligation above.
 
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

For information related to recently issued accounting standards, see Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
ENVIRONMENTAL

For information related to environmental claims, remediation efforts and related matters, see Note 22 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The preparation of our financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect our financial condition and results of operations that are reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as well as the related disclosure of assets and liabilities contingent upon future events.
 
Understanding the critical accounting policies discussed below and related risks is important in evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. We believe the following accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements are critical to our financial condition and results of operations as they involve a significant use of management judgment on matters that are inherently uncertain. If actual results differ significantly from management's estimates, there could be a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Management regularly discusses the identification and development of these critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
 
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Accounting for Long-Term Contracts
 
A substantial portion of our sales to government customers and certain of our sales to commercial customers are made pursuant to long-term contracts requiring development and delivery of products over several years and often contain fixed-price purchase options for additional products. Certain of these contracts are accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Sales and earnings under the percentage-of-completion method are recorded either as products are shipped under the units-of-delivery method (for production effort), or based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs expected to be incurred related to the contract under the cost-to-cost method (for development effort).
 
The percentage-of-completion method of accounting requires management to estimate the profit margin for each individual contract and to apply that profit margin on a uniform basis as sales are recorded under the contract. The estimation of profit margins requires management to make projections of the total sales to be generated and the total costs that will be incurred under a contract. These projections require management to make numerous assumptions and estimates relating to items such as the complexity of design and related development costs, performance of subcontractors, availability and cost of materials, labor productivity and cost, overhead and capital costs and manufacturing efficiency. These contracts often include purchase options for additional quantities and customer change orders for additional or revised product functionality. Sales and costs related to profitable purchase options are included in our estimates only when the options are exercised while sales and costs related to unprofitable purchase options are included in our estimates when exercise is determined to be probable. Sales related to change orders are included in profit estimates only if they can be reliably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. Purchase options and change orders are accounted for either as an integral part of the original contract or separately depending upon the nature and value of the item. Anticipated losses on contracts are recognized in full in the period in which losses become probable and estimable.
 
Estimates of profit margins for contracts are typically reviewed by management on a quarterly basis. Assuming the initial estimates of sales and costs under a contract are accurate, the percentage-of-completion method results in the profit margin being recorded evenly as revenue is recognized under the contract. Changes in these underlying estimates due to revisions in sales and cost estimates, the combining of contracts or the exercise of contract options may result in profit margins being recognized unevenly over a contract as such changes are accounted for on a cumulative basis in the period estimates are revised. Significant changes in estimates related to accounting for long-term contracts may have a material effect on our results of operations in the period in which the revised estimate is made.
 
Program Investments
 
We defer certain pre-production engineering costs in Inventories, net and record up-front sales incentives in Intangible Assets (collectively referred to as Program Investments). These Program Investments are amortized over their estimated useful lives, up to a maximum of 15 years. Estimated useful lives are limited to the amount of time we are virtually assured to earn revenues through a contractually enforceable right included in long-term supply arrangements with our customers. This provides the best matching of expense over the related period of benefit. The following provides an overview of the Program Investments:
 
  September 30
(in millions) 2011   2010
Pre-production engineering costs $       446      $       320
Up-front sales incentives   173     142
       Total Program Investments $ 619   $ 462
           
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We defer the cost of certain pre-production engineering costs incurred during the development phase of a program in connection with long-term supply arrangements that contain contractual guarantees for reimbursement from customers. These customer guarantees generally take the form of a minimum order quantity with quantified reimbursement amounts if the minimum order quantity is not taken by the customer. These costs are deferred in Inventories, net to the extent of the contractual guarantees and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, up to 15 years, using a units-of-delivery method. This amortization expense is included as a component of cost of sales, within customer-funded research and development expense. Amortization is based on our expectation of delivery rates on a program-by-program basis and begins when we start recognizing revenue as we deliver equipment for the program. The estimated useful life is limited to the amount of time we are virtually assured to earn revenues through a contractually enforceable right included in long-term supply arrangements with our customers. Pre-production engineering costs in excess of the contractual guarantee, and costs incurred pursuant to supply arrangements that do not contain customer guarantees for reimbursement, are expensed as incurred.
 
We also provide up-front sales incentives prior to delivering products or performing services to certain commercial customers in connection with sales contracts. Up-front sales incentives are recorded as a customer relationship intangible asset and are amortized over the period we have received a contractually enforceable right related to the incentives, up to 15 years, using a units-of-delivery method. Amortization is based on our expectation of delivery rates on a program-by-program basis. Amortization begins when we start recognizing revenue as we deliver equipment for the program. Up-front sales incentives consisting of cash payments or customer account credits are amortized as a reduction of sales, whereas incentives consisting of free products are amortized as cost of sales.
 
Risks inherent in recovering the value of our Program Investments include, but are not limited to, the following:
  • changes in market conditions may affect product sales under a program. In particular, the commercial aerospace market has been historically cyclical and subject to downturns during periods of weak economic conditions, which could be prompted or exacerbated by political or other domestic or international events
     
  • bankruptcy or other significant financial difficulties of our customers
     
  • our ability to produce products could be impacted by the performance of subcontractors, the availability of specialized materials and other production risks
We evaluate the carrying amount of Program Investments for recovery at least annually or when potential indicators of impairment exist, such as a change in the estimated number of products to be delivered under a program. No impairment charges related to Program Investments were recorded in 2011, 2010 or 2009. While we believe our Program Investments are recoverable over time, the cancellation of a program by a customer would represent the most significant impairment factor related to Program Investments. Due to the long-term nature of the procurement cycle and the significant investment required to bring a program to market in the aerospace and defense industry, we believe the likelihood of a customer abruptly canceling a program is remote. We also evaluate our amortization of Program Investments quarterly based on our expectation of delivery rates on a program-by-program basis. The impact of changes in expected delivery rates on the Program Investments' amortization is adjusted as needed on a prospective basis. There were no significant changes in the rate of Program Investment amortization and no significant cumulative adjustments recorded in 2011, 2010 and 2009.
 
Amortization expense for pre-production engineering costs and up-front sales incentives for 2011, 2010 and 2009 was as follows:
 
(in millions)   2011   2010   2009
Amortization of pre-production engineering       $     15       $     15       $     7
Amortization of up-front sales incentives     6     4     3
Total amortization of Program Investments   $ 21   $ 19   $ 10
                   
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As disclosed in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the weighted average amortization period for pre-production engineering costs is approximately 10 years. As disclosed in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the weighted average amortization period for up-front sales incentives is approximately 9 years. Anticipated amortization expense for Program Investments for fiscal years 2012 and beyond is summarized below:
 
(in millions)   2012   2013   2014   2015   2016   Thereafter
Anticipated amortization expense for pre-production                                                            
engineering costs   $     26   $     33   $     42   $     52   $     48   $     245
Anticipated amortization expense for up-front sales                                    
incentives     11     11     16     19     17     99
                                      
Total anticipated amortization for Program Investments   $ 37   $ 44   $ 58   $ 71   $ 65   $ 344
                                     
Pre-production engineering costs comprise 37 percent of our total Inventory balance at September 30, 2011, compared to 32 percent in the prior year. Pre-production engineering costs have increased $126 million from September 30, 2010 to September 30, 2011, attributable to a $106 million increase within Commercial Systems and an additional $20 million increase within Government Systems. Additionally, Up-front sales incentives to Commercial Systems customers increased $31 million from September 30, 2010 to September 30, 2011. This recent growth in our Program Investments was driven primarily by the expanded market share our Company successfully captured over the past several years. Commercial Systems has secured positions on several key platforms in the air transport market, including the Boeing 787, Boeing 747-8 and Airbus A350. In the business and regional jet market, our Pro Line Fusion avionics system has been selected by customers around the globe, including Bombardier, Embraer, Gulfstream, and Mitsubishi. Our customers have provided us a contractual guarantee for reimbursement on several of these new programs; as such, our capitalized pre-production engineering costs have increased for these programs as the Company continues development efforts. Our Government Systems business has also contributed to the recent growth in pre-production engineering costs, as we begin to ramp up efforts on several international rotary and fixed-wing programs that we recently won.
 
We expect the long-term supply arrangements resulting from these recent program wins to deliver significant revenues and profits to us over the next several years, continuing over the life of the aircraft platforms (which can range from ten to twenty years); as such, we believe our Program Investments are recoverable.
 
We expect the balance of our capitalized Program Investment costs will continue to increase over the next several years, through at least fiscal year 2014. We primarily fund our Program Investments with cash generated from operating activities. Looking forward to 2012, we expect cash provided by operating activities to be in the range of $625 million to $725 million. This guidance accommodates an anticipated $130 million increase in pre-production engineering costs (net of amortization), primarily attributable to Commercial Systems effort on the Airbus A350 and across multiple Bombardier platforms.
 
Income Taxes
 
At the end of each quarterly reporting period, we estimate an effective income tax rate that is expected to be applicable for the full fiscal year. The estimate of our effective income tax rate involves significant judgments resulting from uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations across many jurisdictions, implementation of tax planning strategies and estimates as to the jurisdictions where income is expected to be earned. These estimates may be further complicated by new laws, new interpretations of existing laws and rulings by taxing authorities. Due to the subjectivity and complex nature of these underlying issues, our actual effective income tax rate and related tax liabilities may differ from our initial estimates. Differences between our estimated and actual effective income tax rates and related liabilities are recorded in the period they become known or as our estimates are revised based on additional information. The resulting adjustment to our income tax expense could have a material effect on our results of operations in the period the adjustment is recorded. A one percentage point change in our effective income tax rate would change our annual income from continuing operations by approximately $9 million.
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for tax carryforwards and the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. The future realization of our deferred tax assets ultimately depends on our ability to generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character (for example, ordinary income or capital gains) within the carryback and carryforward periods available under the tax law and, to a lesser extent, our ability to execute successful tax planning strategies. Management believes it is more likely than not that the current and long-term deferred tax assets will be realized through the reduction of future taxable income, except for deferred tax assets which have been fully reserved and relate to foreign net operating losses. A change in the ability of our operations to continue to generate future taxable income, or our ability to implement desired tax planning strategies, could affect our ability to realize the future tax deductions underlying our net deferred tax assets, and require us to provide a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets. The recognition of a valuation allowance would result in a reduction to net income and if significant, could have a material impact on our effective tax rate, results of operations and financial position in any given period.
 
40
 
 

As part of the determination of our tax liability, management exercises considerable judgment in evaluating tax positions taken by us in determining the income tax provision and establishes reserves for tax contingencies in accordance with the Income Taxes topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. See Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below for further detail regarding unrecognized tax benefits, deferred taxes and the factors considered in evaluating deferred tax asset realization.
 
Goodwill
 
As of September 30, 2011, we had $780 million of goodwill related to various business acquisitions. We perform impairment tests on goodwill on an annual basis during the second quarter of each fiscal year, or on an interim basis if events or circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that impairment has occurred.
 
Goodwill is potentially impaired if the carrying value of the reporting unit that contains the goodwill exceeds its estimated fair value. The fair values of our reporting units are determined using a combination of an income approach, which estimates fair value based upon future discounted cash flows, and a market approach, which estimates fair value using market multiples, ratios and valuations of a set of comparable public companies within our industry.
 
The valuation methodology and underlying financial information that is used to estimate the fair value of our reporting units requires significant judgments to be made by management. These judgments include, but are not limited to, the long-term projections of future financial performance and the selection of appropriate discount rates used to present value future cash flows. Our five-year strategic operating plan serves as the basis for these valuations and represents our best estimate of future business conditions in our industry as well as our ability to compete. Discount rates are determined based upon the weighted average cost of capital for a set of comparable companies adjusted for risks associated with our different operations. Our goodwill impairment tests that were performed in the second quarter of 2011, 2010 and 2009 yielded no impairments. In addition, based upon the results of our 2011 impairment testing, none of our reporting units were at risk of their carrying value of net assets exceeding their respective fair value. If there were a significant downturn in our business, we could incur a goodwill impairment.
 
Warranty
 
Accrued liabilities are recorded on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position to reflect our contractual obligations relating to warranty commitments to our customers. We provide warranty coverage of various lengths and terms to our customers depending on standard offerings and negotiated contractual agreements. We record an estimate for warranty expense at the time of sale based on historical warranty return rates and repair costs. We believe our primary source of warranty risk relates to extended warranty terms.
 
As shown in Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below, the carrying amount of accrued product warranty costs has declined $78 million from a balance of $226 million at September 30, 2008, to a balance of $148 million at September 30, 2011. This trend is driven by a variety of factors.
 
Within Commercial Systems, sales declined in 2009 and 2010, resulting in a lower provision for product warranty expenses. In addition, a primary source of warranty risk for Commercial Systems in the past related to sales of wide-body in-flight entertainment products and systems. As discussed in the Commercial Systems Results of Operations section above, sales related to Wide-body IFE have declined significantly over the past several years due to the Company's previously announced decision to cease investing in this product area. As sales volumes related to Wide-body IFE continue to decline and warranty periods on these legacy products expire, our warranty reserve balance has also been reduced. Product reliability improvements have also favorably impacted incurred warranty costs within Commercial Systems, contributing to a lower warranty reserve.
 
The remaining decrease in our accrued warranty balance is primarily attributable to certain favorable adjustments recorded by Government Systems in 2011 and 2010 to reduce warranty reserves for changes in estimate, as discussed in the Government Systems Results of Operations section above.
 
41
 
 

Should future warranty experience differ materially from our historical experience, we may be required to record additional warranty liabilities which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows in the period in which these additional liabilities are required.
 
Pension Benefits
 
We historically provided retirement benefits to most of our employees in the form of defined benefit pension plans. Accounting standards require the cost of providing these pension plans be measured on an actuarial basis. These accounting standards will generally reduce, but not eliminate, the volatility of pension expense as actuarial gains and losses resulting from both normal year-to-year changes in valuation assumptions and the differences from actual experience are deferred and amortized. The application of these accounting standards requires management to make numerous assumptions and judgments that can significantly affect these measurements. Critical assumptions made by management in performing these actuarial valuations include the selection of discount rates and expectations on the future rate of return on pension plan assets.
 
Discount rates are used to determine the present value of our pension obligations and also affect the amount of pension expense recorded in any given period. We estimate this discount rate based on the rates of return of high quality, fixed-income investments with maturity dates that reflect the expected time horizon that benefits will be paid (see Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below). Changes in the discount rate could have a material effect on our reported pension obligations and would also impact the related pension expense.
 
The expected rate of return is our estimate of the long-term earnings rate on our pension plan assets and is based upon both historical long-term actual and expected future investment returns considering the current investment mix of plan assets. Differences between the actual and expected rate of return on plan assets can impact our expense for pension benefits. Holding all other factors constant, the estimated impact on 2011 pension income and pension benefit obligation for our U.S. plans caused by hypothetical changes to key assumptions is as follows:
 
(in millions)   Change in Assumption
Assumption       25 Basis Point Increase       25 Basis Point Decrease
    $92 pension projected benefit   $95 pension projected benefit
Pension obligation discount rate   obligation decrease   obligation increase
        $6 decrease to pension
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets   $6 additional pension income   income

As disclosed in Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below, beginning in 2011, actuarial gains and losses (including those resulting from a change in the pension obligation discount rate) are amortized over the expected future life expectancy of inactive participants, or about 28 years. In 2010, actuarial gains and losses were amortized over the average remaining service period of active participants, or about 11 years. This change in pension amortization period was the primary factor impacting the $42 million decrease in pension expense from 2010 to 2011. This change in amortization period also resulted in our pension expense (income) being less sensitive to changes in the discount rate assumption. An increase or decrease of 25 basis points in the pension obligation discount rate would impact 2011 pension income by less than $1 million.
 
Inventory Valuation Reserves
 
Inventory valuation reserves are recorded in order to report inventories at the lower of cost or market value on our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The determination of inventory valuation reserves requires management to make estimates and judgments on the future salability of inventories. Valuation reserves for excess, obsolete and slow-moving inventory are estimated by comparing the inventory levels of individual parts to both future sales forecasts or production requirements and historical usage rates in order to identify inventory that is unlikely to be sold above cost. Other factors that management considers in determining these reserves include overall market conditions and other inventory management initiatives. Management can generally react to reduce the likelihood of severe excess and slow-moving inventory issues by changing purchasing behavior, although abrupt changes in market conditions can limit our ability to react quickly.
 
Management believes its primary source of risk for excess and obsolete inventory is derived from life-time buy inventory. Life-time buy inventory consists of inventory that is typically no longer being produced by our vendors but for which we purchase multiple years of supply in order to meet production and service requirements over the life span of a product. Total life-time buy inventory on hand at September 30, 2011 was $97 million.
 
42
 
 

Excluding pre-production engineering costs and progress payments, we had $878 million of gross inventory on hand at September 30, 2011 with $93 million of inventory valuation reserves. Although management believes these reserves are adequate, any abrupt changes in market conditions may require us to record additional inventory valuation reserves which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which these additional reserves are required. Pre-production engineering costs are discussed in the "Program Investments" section of our Critical Accounting Policies above.
 
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
 
Interest Rate Risk
 
In addition to using cash provided by normal operating activities, we utilize a combination of short-term and long-term debt to finance operations. Our operating results and cash flows are exposed to changes in interest rates that could adversely affect the amount of interest expense incurred and paid on debt obligations in any given period. In addition, changes in interest rates can affect the fair value of our debt obligations. Such changes in fair value are only relevant to the extent these debt obligations are settled prior to maturity. We manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt and when considered necessary, we may employ financial instruments in the form of interest rate swaps to help meet this objective.
 
At September 30, 2011, we had $200 million of 4.75 percent fixed rate long-term debt obligations outstanding with a carrying value of $200 million and a fair value of $215 million. In November 2003 we converted $100 million of this fixed rate debt to floating rate debt bearing interest at six-month LIBOR less .075 percent by executing “receive fixed, pay variable” interest rate swap contracts. At September 30, 2011, we also had $300 million of 5.25 percent fixed rate long-term debt obligations outstanding with a carrying value of $299 million and a fair value of $350 million. In January 2010 we converted $150 million of this fixed rate debt to floating rate debt based on six-month LIBOR plus 1.235 percent.
 
A hypothetical 10 percent increase or decrease in average market interest rates would have decreased or increased the fair value of our long-term fixed rate debt, exclusive of the effects of the interest rate swap contracts, by $4 million and $5 million, respectively. The fair value of the $250 million notional value of interest rate swap contracts was a $29 million net asset at September 30, 2011. A hypothetical 10 percent increase or decrease in average market interest rates would decrease or increase the fair value of our interest rate swap contracts by $1 million and $1 million, respectively. At September 30, 2011, we had no short-term commercial paper borrowings outstanding. Our results of operations are affected by changes in market interest rates related to variable rate debt. Inclusive of the effect of the interest rate swaps, a hypothetical 10 percent increase or decrease in average market interest rates would not have a material effect on our operations or cash flows. For more information related to outstanding debt obligations and derivative financial instruments, see Notes 11, 18 and 19 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
Foreign Currency Risk
 
We transact business in various foreign currencies which subjects our cash flows and earnings to exposure related to changes to foreign currency exchange rates. We attempt to manage this exposure through operational strategies and the use of foreign currency forward exchange contracts (foreign currency contracts). All foreign currency contracts are executed with banks we believe to be creditworthy and are denominated in currencies of major industrial countries. The majority of our non-functional currency firm and anticipated receivables and payables are hedged using foreign currency contracts. It is our policy not to manage exposure to net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries or enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Notional amounts of outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts were $502 million and $404 million at September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively. Notional amounts are stated in U.S. dollar equivalents at spot exchange rates at the respective dates. Principal currencies that are hedged include the European euro, British pound sterling and Japanese yen. The duration of foreign currency contracts is generally five years or less. The net fair value of these foreign currency contracts was a net asset of $1 million at September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010. A 10 percent increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar against all currencies would decrease or increase the fair value of our foreign currency contracts at September 30, 2011 by $6 million. For more information related to outstanding currency forward exchange contracts, see Notes 18 and 19 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 below.
 
43
 
 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
 
MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
We, the management team of Rockwell Collins, are responsible for the preparation, integrity and objectivity of the financial statements and other financial information we have presented in this report. The financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, applying our estimates and judgments.
 
Deloitte & Touche LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, is retained to audit our financial statements. Their accompanying report is based on audits conducted in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), which include the consideration of our internal controls to determine the nature, timing and extent of audit tests to be applied.
 
Our Board of Directors exercises its responsibility for these financial statements through its Audit Committee, which consists entirely of independent, non-management Board members. The Audit Committee meets regularly with management, the independent registered public accounting firm and with the Company's General Auditor, both privately and with management present, to review accounting, auditing, internal control and financial reporting matters.
 
/s/ CLAYTON M. JONES   /s/ PATRICK E. ALLEN
Clayton M. Jones       Patrick E. Allen
Chairman, President &   Senior Vice President &
Chief Executive Officer   Chief Financial Officer

44
 
 

MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Rockwell Collins' internal control over financial reporting is a process designed, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Rockwell Collins; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of Rockwell Collins' management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Management assessed the effectiveness of Rockwell Collins' internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2011. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control—Integrated Framework. Based on this assessment, management determined that Rockwell Collins maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2011.
 
Rockwell Collins' internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2011 has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included within the Controls and Procedures section in Item 9A of this Form 10-K.
 
/s/ CLAYTON M. JONES   /s/ PATRICK E. ALLEN
Clayton M. Jones       Patrick E. Allen
Chairman, President &   Senior Vice President &
Chief Executive Officer   Chief Financial Officer

45
 
 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareowners of
Rockwell Collins, Inc.
 
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Rockwell Collins, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of September 30, 2011 and October 1, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of operations, cash flows, equity and comprehensive income for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2011 and October 1, 2010, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended September 30, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
 
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2011, based on the criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated November 15, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
 
/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
 
Chicago, Illinois
November 15, 2011
 
46
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
 
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 
  September 30
  2011       2010
ASSETS              
Current Assets:              
       Cash and cash equivalents $     530     $     435  
       Receivables, net   969       1,024  
       Inventories, net   1,195       1,004  
       Current deferred income taxes   106       129  
       Other current assets   89       97  
              Total current assets   2,889       2,689  
 
Property   754       707  
Goodwill   780       766  
Intangible Assets   308       306  
Long-term Deferred Income Taxes   448       389  
Other Assets   210       207  
                     TOTAL ASSETS $ 5,389     $ 5,064  
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY              
Current Liabilities:              
       Short-term debt $ —     $ 24  
       Accounts payable   485       420  
       Compensation and benefits   324       259  
       Advance payments from customers   269       324  
       Product warranty costs   148       183  
       Other current liabilities   269       242  
              Total current liabilities   1,495       1,452  
 
Long-term Debt, Net   528       525  
Retirement Benefits   1,633       1,420  
Other Liabilities   205       181  
 
Equity:              
       Common stock ($0.01 par value; shares authorized: 1,000; shares issued: 183.8)   2       2  
       Additional paid-in capital   1,437       1,420  
       Retained earnings   3,288       2,816  
       Accumulated other comprehensive loss   (1,497 )     (1,259 )
       Common stock in treasury, at cost (shares held: September 30, 2011, 30.5; September              
       30, 2010, 27.0)   (1,707 )     (1,497 )
       Total shareowners’ equity   1,523       1,482  
       Noncontrolling interest   5       4  
              Total equity   1,528       1,486  
                     TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY $ 5,389     $ 5,064  
               
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
47
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
 
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 
  Year Ended September 30
  2011       2010       2009
Sales:                      
       Product sales $     4,223     $     4,087     $     4,007  
       Service sales   583       544       421  
              Total sales   4,806       4,631       4,428  
 
Costs, expenses and other:                      
       Product cost of sales   3,045       2,989       2,831  
       Service cost of sales   382       364       287  
       Selling, general and administrative expenses   533       476       457  
       Interest expense   19       20       18  
       Other income, net   (28 )     (14 )     (23 )
              Total costs, expenses and other   3,951       3,835       3,570  
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes   855       796       858  
Income tax expense   240       239       269  
Income from continuing operations   615       557       589  
 
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes   19       4       5  
 
Net income $ 634     $ 561     $ 594  
 
Earnings per share:                      
Basic                      
       Continuing operations $ 3.99     $ 3.55     $ 3.73  
       Discontinued operations   0.12       0.02       0.03  
Basic earnings per share $ 4.11     $ 3.57     $ 3.76  
 
Diluted                      
       Continuing operations $ 3.94     $ 3.50     $ 3.70  
       Discontinued operations   0.12       0.02       0.03  
Diluted earnings per share $ 4.06     $ 3.52     $ 3.73  
 
Weighted average common shares:                      
Basic   154.2       157.1       157.8  
Diluted   156.1       159.2       159.4  
 
Cash dividends per share $ 0.96     $ 0.96     $ 0.96  
  
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
48
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
(in millions)
 
  Year Ended September 30
  2011       2010       2009
Operating Activities:                      
Net income $     634     $     561     $     594  
Adjustments to arrive at cash provided by operating activities:                      
       Restructuring and asset impairment charge (adjustment)   27       (1 )     21  
       Gain on sale of business   (27 )     —       —  
       Depreciation   105       112       114  
       Amortization of intangible assets   36       37       30  
       Stock-based compensation expense   24       24       18  
       Compensation and benefits paid in common stock   68       64       63  
       Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation   (7 )     (17 )     (2 )
       Deferred income taxes   93       86       88  
       Pension plan contributions   (113 )     (110 )     (139 )
       Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding effects of acquisitions and foreign                      
       currency adjustments:                      
              Receivables
   49       (32 )     39  
              Inventories
   (247 )     (96 )     12  
              Accounts payable
   58       43       (63 )
              Compensation and benefits
   61       64       (122 )
              Advance payments from customers
   (55 )     (25 )     15  
              Product warranty costs
   (35 )     (34 )     (10 )
              Income taxes
   59       48       2  
              Other assets and liabilities
   (73 )     (13 )     (27 )
                     Cash Provided by Operating Activities   657       711       633  
 
Investing Activities:                      
Property additions   (152 )     (109 )     (153 )
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired   (17 )     (96 )     (146 )
Acquisition of intangible assets   (4 )     (7 )     (2 )
Proceeds from business divestiture   44       —       —  
Cash provided to customer   (237 )     —       —  
Collection of cash provided to customer   237       —       —  
Purchase of short-term investments   —       (21 )     —  
Proceeds from sale of short-term investments   20       —       —  
Proceeds from the disposition of property   14       1       —  
Other investing activities   3       —       (1 )
                     Cash Used for Investing Activities   (92 )     (232 )     (302 )
 
Financing Activities:                      
Purchases of treasury stock   (328 )     (183 )     (153 )
Cash dividends   (148 )     (151 )     (152 )
Repayment of short-term borrowings   (24 )     —       (287 )
Increase in long-term borrowings   —       —       296  
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options   22       38       19  
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation   7       17       2  
                     Cash Used for Financing Activities   (471 )     (279 )     (275 )
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents   1       —       4  
 
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents   95       200       60  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period   435       235       175  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period $ 530     $ 435     $ 235  
                       
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
49
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
(in millions)
 
  Year Ended September 30
  2011       2010       2009
Common Stock                      
Beginning and ending balance $     2     $     2     $     2  
 
Additional Paid-In Capital                      
Beginning balance   1,420       1,395       1,378  
Tax benefit from stock-based compensation   7       17       2  
Shares issued under stock option and benefit plans   (14 )     (16 )     (3 )
Stock-based compensation   24       24       18  
Ending balance   1,437       1,420       1,395  
 
Retained Earnings                      
Beginning balance   2,816       2,444       2,058  
Net income   634       561       594  
Cash dividends   (148 )     (151 )     (152 )
Shares issued under stock option and benefit plans   (14 )     (38 )     (56 )
Ending balance   3,288       2,816       2,444  
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss                      
Beginning balance   (1,259 )     (1,080 )     (578 )
Pension and other retirement benefit adjustment   (217 )     (171 )     (516 )
Currency translation gain (loss)   (21 )     (8 )     14  
Ending balance   (1,497 )     (1,259 )     (1,080 )
 
Common Stock in Treasury                      
Beginning balance   (1,497 )     (1,469 )     (1,452 )
Share repurchases   (322 )     (182 )     (156 )
Shares issued from treasury   112       154       139  
Ending balance   (1,707 )     (1,497 )     (1,469 )
 
Total Shareowners' Equity   1,523       1,482       1,292  
 
Noncontrolling Interest                      
Beginning balance   4       3       2  
Other changes in equity attributable to noncontrolling interest   1       1       1  
Ending balance   5       4       3  
Total Equity $ 1,528     $ 1,486     $ 1,295  
 
Comprehensive Income                      
Net income $ 634     $ 561     $ 594  
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes (2011, $130; 2010, $95; 2009, $303)   (238 )     (179 )     (502 )
 
Comprehensive income $ 396     $ 382     $ 92  
                       
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
50
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
1. Business Description and Basis of Presentation
 
  Rockwell Collins, Inc. (the Company or Rockwell Collins) designs, produces and supports communications and aviation electronics for commercial and military customers worldwide.
 
          The Company operates on a 52/53 week fiscal year ending on the Friday closest to September 30. Each of 2011, 2010 and 2009 was a 52-week fiscal year. For ease of presentation, September 30 is utilized consistently throughout these financial statements and notes to represent the fiscal year end date. All date references contained herein relate to the Company's fiscal year unless otherwise stated.
 
  As discussed in Note 4, Discontinued Operations, the Company's Rollmet product line, formerly included within the Commercial Systems segment, was divested in 2011 and has been accounted for as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. As such, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Unless otherwise noted, disclosures pertain to the Company's continuing operations.
 
2. Significant Accounting Policies
 
  Consolidation
  The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all majority-owned subsidiaries. The Company has one consolidated subsidiary with income attributable to a noncontrolling interest. The net income and comprehensive income attributable to the noncontrolling interest is insignificant. The Company's investments in entities it does not control but over which it has the ability to exercise significant influence are accounted for under the equity method and are included in Other Assets. All intercompany transactions are eliminated.
 
  Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
  The functional currency for significant subsidiaries operating outside the United States is their respective local currency. Assets and liabilities of subsidiaries operating outside the United States with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Sales, costs and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Foreign currency translation gains and losses are included as a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss within the Consolidated Statement of Equity and Comprehensive Income.
 
  Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses due to the remeasurement of account balances in foreign currencies are included within the Consolidated Statement of Operations and were not material to the Company's results of operations for 2011, 2010 and 2009.
 
  Revenue Recognition
  The Company enters into sales arrangements that may provide for multiple deliverables to a customer. The Company identifies all goods and/or services that are to be delivered separately under a sales arrangement and allocates revenue to each deliverable based on relative fair values. Fair values are generally established based on the prices charged when sold separately by the Company. In general, revenues are separated between hardware, engineering services, maintenance services and installation services. The allocated revenue for each deliverable is then recognized using appropriate revenue recognition methods.
 
  Sales related to long-term contracts requiring development and delivery of products over several years are accounted for under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting in accordance with the Construction-Type and Production-Type Contracts subtopic of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification. The percentage-of-completion method is predominately used in the Government Systems segment and sales and earnings under qualifying contracts are recorded either as products are shipped under the units-of-delivery method (for production effort), or based on the ratio of actual costs incurred to total estimated costs expected to be incurred related to the contract under the cost-to-cost method (for development effort). Purchase options and change orders are accounted for either as an integral part of the original contract or separately depending upon the nature and value of the item. Sales and costs related to profitable purchase options are included in estimates only when the options are exercised whereas sales and costs related to unprofitable purchase options are included in estimates when exercise is determined to be probable. Sales related to change orders are included in estimates only if they can be reliably estimated and collectability is reasonably assured. Anticipated losses on contracts are recognized in full in the period in which losses become probable and estimable. Changes in estimates of profit or loss on contracts are included in earnings on a cumulative basis in the period the estimate is changed.
 
51
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Sales related to long-term separately priced product maintenance or warranty contracts are accounted for based on the terms of the underlying agreements. Certain contracts are fixed-price contracts with sales recognized ratably over the contractual life, while other contracts have a fixed hourly rate with sales recognized based on actual labor or flight hours incurred. The cost of providing these services is expensed as incurred.
 
The Company recognizes sales for most other products or services when all of the following criteria are met: an agreement of sale exists, product delivery and acceptance has occurred or services have been rendered, pricing is fixed or determinable and collection is reasonably assured.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include time deposits, certificates of deposit and money market funds with original maturity dates of three months or less.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Allowances are established in order to report receivables at net realizable value on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The determination of these allowances requires management of the Company to make estimates and judgments as to the collectability of customer account balances. These allowances are estimated for customers who are considered credit risks by reviewing the Company's collection experience with those customers as well as evaluating the customers' financial condition. The Company also considers both current and projected economic and market conditions. Special attention is given to accounts with invoices that are past due. Past due is defined as any invoice for which payment has not been received by the due date specified on the billing invoice. The uncollectible portion of receivables is charged against the allowance for doubtful accounts when collection efforts have ceased. Recoveries of receivables previously charged-off are recorded when received.
 
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using costs which approximate the first-in, first-out method, less related progress payments received. Inventoried costs include direct costs of manufacturing, certain engineering costs and allocable overhead costs. The Company regularly compares inventory quantities on hand on a part level basis to estimated forecasts of product demand and production requirements as well as historical usage. Based on these comparisons, management establishes an excess and obsolete inventory reserve on an aggregate basis. Inventory valuation reserves were $93 million and $98 million at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
The Company defers certain pre-production engineering costs during the development phase of a program in connection with long-term supply arrangements that contain contractual guarantees for reimbursement from customers. Such customer guarantees generally take the form of a minimum order quantity with quantified reimbursement amounts if the minimum order quantity is not taken by the customer. These costs are deferred to the extent of the contractual guarantees and are amortized over their estimated useful lives, up to 15 years, using a units-of-delivery method. This amortization expense is included as a component of cost of sales, within customer-funded research and development expense. Amortization is based on the Company’s expectation of delivery rates on a program-by-program basis and begins when the Company starts recognizing revenue as the Company delivers equipment for the program. The estimated useful life is limited to the amount of time the Company is virtually assured to earn revenues through a contractually enforceable right included in long-term supply arrangements with the Company’s customers. Pre-production engineering costs incurred pursuant to supply arrangements that do not contain customer guarantees for reimbursement are expensed as incurred.
 
Progress Payments
Progress payments relate to both receivables and inventories and represent cash collected from government-related contracts whereby the governments have a legal right of offset related to the receivable or legal title to the work-in-process inventory.
 
52
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Property
Property is stated at acquisition cost. Depreciation of property is generally provided using straight-line methods over the following estimated useful lives: buildings and improvements, 15-40 years; machinery and equipment, 6-15 years; information systems software and hardware, 5-10 years; and furniture and fixtures, 6-12 years. Depreciation methods and lives are reviewed periodically with any changes recorded on a prospective basis.
 
Significant renewals and betterments are capitalized and replaced units are written off. Maintenance and repairs, as well as renewals of minor amounts, are charged to expense in the period incurred. The fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of property is recorded when there is a legal or contractual requirement to incur such costs and the costs are reasonably estimable. Upon the initial recognition of a contractual or legal liability for an asset retirement obligation, the Company capitalizes the asset retirement cost by increasing the carrying amount of the property by the same amount as the liability. This asset retirement cost is then depreciated over the estimated useful life of the underlying property. The Company did not have any significant asset retirement obligations at September 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill and intangible assets generally result from business acquisitions. Business acquisitions are accounted for under the acquisition method by assigning the purchase price to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their fair values, and the excess of the purchase price over the amounts assigned is recorded as goodwill. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are allocated to the Company's reporting units based on the Company's integration plans and internal reporting structure. Purchased intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives. Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized, but reviewed at least annually for impairment.
 
Customer Incentives
Rockwell Collins provides up-front sales incentives prior to delivering products or performing services to certain commercial customers in connection with sales contracts. Up-front sales incentives are recorded as a customer relationship intangible asset and are amortized over the period the Company has received a contractually enforceable right related to the incentives, up to 15 years, using a units-of-delivery method. Amortization is based on the Company’s expectation of delivery rates on a program-by-program basis. Amortization begins when the Company starts recognizing revenue as the Company delivers equipment for the program. Up-front sales incentives consisting of cash payments or customer account credits are amortized as a reduction of sales, whereas incentives consisting of free products are amortized as cost of sales.
 
Incentives earned by customers based on purchases of Company products or services are recognized as a liability when the related sale is recorded. Incentives consisting of cash payments or customer account credits are recognized as a reduction of sales while incentives consisting of free products and account credits where the customer's use is restricted to future purchases are recognized as cost of sales. The liability for these types of incentives is included in Other current liabilities.
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment when management plans to dispose of assets or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. Assets held for disposal are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Management determines fair value using a discounted future cash flow analysis or other accepted valuation techniques. Long-lived assets held for use are reviewed for impairment by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset over its remaining useful life. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. See Note 24 for discussion of certain asset impairments recorded in 2011.
 
Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested annually for impairment with more frequent tests performed if indications of impairment exist. The Company's annual impairment testing date is in the second quarter of each fiscal year. Impairment for intangible assets with indefinite lives exists if the carrying value of the intangible asset exceeds its fair value. Goodwill is potentially impaired if the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value. Management determines fair value using a discounted future cash flow analysis or other accepted valuation techniques. The Company's annual impairment testing performed in the second quarter of 2011, 2010 and 2009 yielded no impairments of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets.
 
53
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Advance Payments from Customers
Advance payments from customers represent cash collected from customers in advance of revenue recognition.
 
Environmental
Liabilities for environmental matters are recorded in the period in which it is probable that an obligation has been incurred and the cost can be reasonably estimated. At environmental sites in which more than one potentially responsible party has been identified, the Company records a liability for its estimated allocable share of costs related to its involvement with the site as well as an estimated allocable share of costs related to the involvement of insolvent or unidentified parties. At environmental sites in which the Company is the only responsible party, the Company records a liability for the total estimated costs of remediation.
 
Income Taxes
Current tax liabilities and assets are based upon an estimate of taxes payable or refundable in the current year for each of the jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax. As part of the determination of its tax liability, management exercises considerable judgment in evaluating tax positions taken by the Company in determining the income tax provision and establishes reserves for tax contingencies in accordance with the Income Taxes topic of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the estimated future tax effects attributable to temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities used for financial reporting purposes and their respective carrying amounts for income tax purposes. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.
 
Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments in the form of foreign currency forward exchange contracts and interest rate swap contracts for the purpose of minimizing exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on business transactions and interest rates, respectively. The Company's policy is to execute such instruments with banks the Company believes to be creditworthy and not enter into derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes or to manage exposure for net investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries. These derivative financial instruments do not subject the Company to undue risk as gains and losses on these instruments generally offset gains and losses on the underlying assets, liabilities or anticipated transactions that are being hedged.
 
All derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. For a derivative that has not been designated as an accounting hedge, the change in fair value is recognized immediately through earnings. For a derivative that has been designated as an accounting hedge of an existing asset or liability (a fair value hedge), the change in the fair value of both the derivative and underlying asset or liability is recognized immediately through earnings. For a derivative designated as an accounting hedge of an anticipated transaction (a cash flow hedge), the change in the fair value is recorded on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position in Accumulated other comprehensive loss to the extent the derivative is effective in mitigating the exposure related to the anticipated transaction. The change in the fair value related to the ineffective portion of the hedge, if any, is immediately recognized in earnings. The amount recorded within Accumulated other comprehensive loss is reclassified into earnings in the same period during which the underlying hedged transaction affects earnings. The Company does not exclude any amounts from the measure of effectiveness for both fair value and cash flow hedges.
 
Use of Estimates
The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates are used in accounting for, among other items, long-term contracts, allowances for doubtful accounts, inventory obsolescence, product warranty cost liabilities, customer incentives, retirement benefits, income taxes, environmental matters, preproduction engineering costs, recoverability of long-lived assets and contingencies. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of changes, if any, are reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in the period they are determined.
 
54
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Concentration of Risks
The Company's products and services are concentrated within the aerospace and defense industries with customers consisting primarily of military and commercial aircraft manufacturers, commercial airlines and the U.S. and non-U.S. governments. As a result of this industry focus, the Company's current and future financial performance is largely dependent upon the overall economic conditions within these industries. In particular, the commercial aerospace market has been historically cyclical and subject to downturns during periods of weak economic conditions, which could be prompted by or exacerbated by political or other domestic or international events. The defense market may be affected by changes in budget appropriations, procurement policies, political developments both domestically and abroad and other factors. While management believes the Company's product offerings are well positioned to meet the needs of its customer base, any material deterioration in the economic and environmental factors that impact the aerospace and defense industries could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
 
In addition to the overall business risks associated with the Company's concentration within the aerospace and defense industries, the Company is also exposed to a concentration of collection risk on credit extended to commercial airlines and business jet aircraft manufacturers. At September 30, 2011, accounts receivable due from U.S. and international commercial airlines were approximately $16 million and $40 million, respectively. At September 30, 2011, accounts receivable due from business jet aircraft manufacturers were approximately $104 million. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations on the financial condition of all of its customers and maintains allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable based on expected collectability. Although management believes its allowances are adequate, the Company is not able to predict with certainty the changes in the financial stability of its customers. Any material change in the financial status of any one or group of customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
 
As of September 30, 2011, approximately 10 percent of the Company's employees were represented by collective bargaining agreements, which are generally set to expire between May 2013 and September 2015.
 
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In April 2010, the FASB issued guidance related to the milestone method of accounting for research or development arrangements in which a vendor satisfies its performance obligations over time and all or a portion of the arrangement consideration is contingent upon the achievement of a milestone. This guidance became effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2011 with no significant impact to the Company’s financial statements.
 
In October 2009, the FASB issued a revised standard for certain revenue arrangements that include software elements. Under the revised standard, hardware that contains software which is essential to the product's functionality is excluded from the scope of software revenue recognition standards. The revised accounting standard became effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2011 with no significant impact to the Company's financial statements.
 
In September 2009, the FASB amended the guidance for allocating revenue to multiple deliverables in a contract. In accordance with the amendment, companies can allocate consideration in a multiple element arrangement in a manner that better reflects the transaction economics. When vendor specific objective evidence or third party evidence for deliverables in an arrangement cannot be determined, companies will now be allowed to develop a best estimate of the selling price to separate deliverables and allocate arrangement consideration using the relative selling price method. Additionally, use of the residual method has been eliminated. The Company adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2011 with no significant impact to the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows as the Company generally allocates revenue to deliverables based on the prices charged when sold separately by the Company.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In September 2011, the FASB amended guidance related to the testing of goodwill for impairment. The revised standard is intended to reduce the cost and complexity of the annual goodwill impairment test by providing entities an option to perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether further impairment testing is necessary. The Company will adopt this guidance in the first quarter of 2012 and does not expect a significant impact to the Company's financial statements.
 
55
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
  In June 2011, the FASB amended requirements for the presentation of other comprehensive income (OCI), requiring presentation of comprehensive income in either a single, continuous statement of comprehensive income or on separate but consecutive statements, the statement of operations and the statement of OCI. The amendment is effective for the Company at the beginning of fiscal year 2013 with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance will not impact the Company's financial position, results of operations or cash flows and will only impact the presentation of OCI on the financial statements.
 
  In May 2011, the FASB amended the guidance regarding fair value measurement and disclosure. The amended guidance clarifies the application of existing fair value measurement and disclosure requirements. The amendment is effective for the Company in the second quarter of fiscal year 2012, with early adoption prohibited. The adoption of this amendment is not expected to materially affect the Company's financial statements.
 
3. Acquisitions
 
          During the years ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, the Company completed five acquisitions that are summarized as follows:
   
                      Intangible Assets
                            Weighted
      Fiscal   Cash               Average
      Year   Purchase         Finite   Life in
  (dollars in millions)       Acquired       Price(1)       Goodwill       Lived       Years
  Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc.   2011   $ 11   $ 10   $ 3   9
  Blue Ridge Simulation, Inc.   2011     6     6     1   9
  AR Group, Inc.   2010     91     58     39   14
  DataPath, Inc   2009     125     69     28   6
          SEOS Group Limited   2009     26     28     9   9
 
                 (1)      
Net of cash acquired and net of post-closing purchase price adjustments, when applicable

Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc.
On January 10, 2011, the Company acquired all the shares of Computing Technologies for Aviation, Inc. (CTA). CTA, with headquarters located in Charlottesville, Virginia, is a leading provider of flight operations management solutions for corporate flight departments and other aviation customers. The purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $11 million. In the fourth quarter of 2011, the purchase price allocation was finalized with $10 million allocated to goodwill and $3 million to finite-lived intangible assets with a weighted average life of approximately 9 years. The excess purchase price over net assets acquired reflects the Company’s view that this acquisition will broaden the Company’s flight information solutions capabilities. None of the goodwill resulting from the acquisition is tax deductible. The goodwill is included within the Commercial Systems segment.
 
Blue Ridge Simulation, Inc.
On December 20, 2010, the Company acquired all the shares of Blue Ridge Simulation, Inc. (Blue Ridge Simulation). Blue Ridge Simulation, with headquarters located in Leesburg, Virginia, is a leading supplier of high-performance sensor simulation for U.S. Department of Defense, commercial and international training applications. The purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $6 million. The Company is in the process of allocating the purchase price and finalizing its valuation for acquired intangible assets. Based on the Company’s preliminary allocation of the purchase price, $6 million has been allocated to goodwill and $1 million to finite-lived intangible assets with a weighted average life of approximately 9 years. The excess purchase price over net assets acquired reflects the Company’s view that this acquisition will enhance the Company’s integrated training solutions. All goodwill resulting from the acquisition is tax deductible. The goodwill is included within the Government Systems segment.
 
AR Group, Inc.
On December 31, 2009, the Company acquired all the shares of AR Group, Inc. and affiliates (Air Routing). Air Routing, with headquarters located in Houston, Texas, is a leading global provider of trip support services for business aircraft flight operations. The purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $91 million. In the fourth quarter of 2010, the purchase price allocation was finalized with $58 million allocated to goodwill and $39 million to finite-lived intangible assets with a weighted average life of approximately 14 years. The excess purchase price over net assets acquired reflects the Company’s view that this acquisition will broaden the Company’s information management flight operations' capabilities. None of the goodwill resulting from the acquisition is tax deductible. Air Routing goodwill is included within the Commercial Systems segment.
 
56
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
  DataPath, Inc.
On May 29, 2009, the Company acquired all the shares of DataPath, Inc. (DataPath). DataPath, with operations in Duluth, Georgia, and in Sweden, is a global leader in creating satellite-based communication solutions, primarily for military applications. The purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $125 million, of which $118 million was paid in cash in 2009, $5 million was paid in cash in 2010 and $2 million was paid in cash in 2011. In the third quarter of 2010, the purchase price allocation was finalized with $69 million allocated to goodwill and $28 million to finite-lived intangible assets with a weighted average life of approximately 6 years. The excess purchase price over net assets acquired reflects the Company's view that this acquisition will augment the Company's networked communication offerings. None of the goodwill resulting from the acquisition is tax deductible. The goodwill is included within the Government Systems segment.
           
  SEOS Group Limited
On November 24, 2008, the Company acquired all the shares of SEOS Group Limited (SEOS). SEOS, with operations in the United Kingdom and the U.S., is a leading global supplier of highly realistic visual display solutions for commercial and military flight simulators. SEOS is included within the results of both the Government Systems and Commercial Systems segments. The initial purchase price, net of cash acquired, was $28 million. The purchase agreement contemplated additional consideration to be paid post closing, contingent upon the achievement of certain milestones and not to exceed $8 million. In March 2011, the earn-out contingency was settled in full resulting in no additional consideration being paid. In addition, the Company received $2 million of cash during the second quarter of 2011 related to the favorable settlement of various post-closing disputes. The final purchase price, net of the favorable post-closing settlement adjustment, was $26 million, with $28 million allocated to goodwill and $9 million to finite-lived intangible assets with a weighted average life of approximately 9 years. The excess purchase price over net assets acquired reflects the Company's view that this acquisition will further enhance the Company's simulation and training capabilities and provide more innovative and integrated solutions for the Company's customers. None of the goodwill resulting from the acquisition is tax deductible. The goodwill is allocated to the Government Systems and Commercial Systems segments in the amounts of $20 million and $8 million, respectively.
 
  Pro-forma results for 2011, 2010 and 2009, assuming the acquisitions were made at the beginning of the year, are not presented as the pro-forma information would not be materially different from the consolidated reported results.
 
4. Discontinued Operations
 
  On July 22, 2011, the Company sold its Rollmet product line to Precision Castparts Corp. The sale price, which was subject to a post-closing adjustment based on the final closing balance sheet, was approximately $44 million. In October of 2011, subsequent to year-end, the Company paid a $3 million post-closing adjustment to the purchaser, which reduced the net sale price to $41 million. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain on the sale of Rollmet for $27 million ($17 million, net of tax) in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2011. This gain was included within discontinued operations on the Consolidated Statement of Operations. The Rollmet business provided seamless alloy and stainless steel pipes and propulsion system components for the energy, petrochemical and defense industries. The Company divested this non-core business to focus on its primary business strategies and growing its core markets. Rollmet's operating results are included in discontinued operations in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations for all periods presented.
 
  Results of discontinued operations, excluding the impact from the gain on sale, are as follows:
 
      Year Ended September 30
  (in millions)       2011       2010       2009
  Sales   $     19   $     34   $     42
          Income from discontinued operations before income taxes     4     6     9

57
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
5. Receivables, Net
 
          Receivables, net are summarized as follows:
   
          September 30,       September 30,
  (in millions)   2011   2010
  Billed   $               718     $               743  
  Unbilled     404       339  
  Less progress payments     (143 )     (48 )
         Total     979       1,034  
  Less allowance for doubtful accounts     (10 )     (10 )
          Receivables, net   $ 969     $ 1,024  
                   
  Receivables not expected to be collected during the next twelve months are classified as long-term and are included within Other Assets. Total receivables due from the U.S. Government, both directly and indirectly through subcontracts, were $388 million at September 30, 2011 and $389 million at September 30, 2010. U.S. Government unbilled receivables net of progress payments were $136 million and $119 million at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
  Unbilled receivables principally represent sales recorded under the percentage-of-completion method of accounting that have not been billed to customers in accordance with applicable contract terms.
 
6. Inventories, Net
 
          Inventories, net are summarized as follows:
 
      September 30,   September 30,
  (in millions)       2011       2010
  Finished goods   $              180     $              162  
  Work in process     265       242  
  Raw materials, parts and supplies     340       336  
  Less progress payments     (36 )     (56 )
         Total     749       684  
  Pre-production engineering costs     446       320  
          Inventories, net   $ 1,195     $ 1,004  
 
 
Amortization expense for pre-production engineering costs for 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $15 million, $15 million and $7 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2011, the weighted average amortization period remaining for pre-production engineering costs included in Inventories, net was approximately 10 years.
 
   
                     
  (in millions)       2012       2013       2014       2015       2016       Thereafter
  Anticipated amortization expense for                                    
          pre-production engineering costs   $     26   $     33   $     42   $     52   $     48   $ 245

In accordance with industry practice, inventories include amounts which are not expected to be realized within one year. These amounts primarily relate to life-time-buy inventory and pre-production engineering costs not expected to be realized within one year of $485 million and $373 million at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Life-time-buy inventory is inventory that is typically no longer produced by the Company's vendors but for which multiple years of supply are purchased in order to meet production and service requirements over the life span of a product.
 
58
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
7. Property
 
          Property is summarized as follows:
 
      September 30,   September 30,
  (in millions)       2011       2010
  Land   $            14     $            14  
  Buildings and improvements     372       362  
  Machinery and equipment     1,002       959  
  Information systems software and hardware     310       282  
  Furniture and fixtures     66       63  
  Construction in progress     89       64  
         Total     1,853       1,744  
  Less accumulated depreciation     (1,099 )     (1,037 )
          Property   $ 754     $ 707  
 
  Property additions acquired by incurring accounts payable, which are reflected as a non-cash transaction in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, were $21 million, $15 million and $12 million at September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
8. Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 
          Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are summarized as follows:
 
      Government   Commercial        
  (in millions)       Systems       Systems       Total
  Balance at September 30, 2009   $                496     $            199     $     695  
         Air Routing acquisition     —       58       58  
         DataPath adjustment     16       —       16  
         Foreign currency translation adjustments     (3 )     —       (3 )
  Balance at September 30, 2010     509       257       766  
         Blue Ridge acquisition     6       —       6  
         CTA acquisition     —       10       10  
         Rollmet divestiture     —       (1 )     (1 )
         Foreign currency translation adjustments     (1 )     —       (1 )
          Balance at September 30, 2011   $ 514     $ 266     $ 780  
 

The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets during the second quarter of each fiscal year, or at any time there is an indication of potential impairment. The Company's 2011 and 2010 impairment tests resulted in no impairment.
 
59
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Intangible assets are summarized as follows:
 

      September 30, 2011   September 30, 2010
            Accum               Accum      
  (in millions)       Gross       Amort       Net       Gross       Amort       Net
  Intangible assets with finite lives:                                        
         Developed technology and patents   $     219   $     (140 )   $     79   $     214   $     (123 )   $     91
         Customer relationships:                                        
                Acquired     90     (48 )     42     90     (40 )     50
                Up-front sales incentives     190     (17 )     173     153     (11 )     142
         License agreements     18     (9 )     9     22     (6 )     16
         Trademarks and tradenames     15     (12 )     3     15     (10 )     5
  Intangible assets with indefinite lives:                                        
         Trademarks and tradenames     2     —       2     2     —       2
          Intangible assets   $ 534   $ (226 )   $ 308   $ 496   $ (190 )   $ 306
 

As described in Note 24, Restructuring and Asset Impairment Charges, the Company's Government Systems business terminated a technology license in 2011 that resulted in a $7 million reduction to Intangible assets. This amount was included within the impairment charge to Cost of Sales discussed in Note 24.
 
Amortization expense for intangible assets for 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $36 million, $37 million and $30 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2011, the weighted average amortization period remaining for up-front sales incentives was approximately 9 years.
 
  (in millions)       2012       2013       2014       2015       2016       Thereafter
  Anticipated amortization expense for up-front sales                                    
  incentives   $     11   $     11   $     16   $     19   $     17   $ 99
  Anticipated amortization expense for all other                                    
  intangible assets     30     23     19     16     13     32
          Total   $ 41   $ 34   $ 35   $ 35   $ 30   $ 131
   
9. Other Assets
 
          Other assets are summarized as follows:
   
      September 30,   September 30,
  (in millions)       2011       2010
  Long-term receivables   $ 32   $ 27
  Investments in equity affiliates     11     10
  Exchange and rental assets (net of accumulated depreciation of $104 at September            
  30, 2011 and $106 at September 30, 2010)     57     51
  Assets held-for-sale     —     14
  Other     110     105
          Other assets   $ 210   $ 207
 

60
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
 
Investments in Equity Affiliates
Investments in equity affiliates primarily consist of four joint ventures:
  • Vision Systems International, LLC (VSI): VSI is a joint venture with Elbit Systems, Ltd. for the joint pursuit of helmet-mounted cueing systems for the worldwide military fixed wing aircraft market
     
  • Data Link Solutions LLC (DLS): DLS is a joint venture with BAE Systems, plc for the joint pursuit of the worldwide military data link market
     
  • Integrated Guidance Systems LLC (IGS): IGS is a joint venture with Honeywell International Inc. for the joint pursuit of integrated precision guidance solutions for worldwide guided weapons systems
     
  • Quest Flight Training Limited (Quest): Quest is a joint venture with Quadrant Group plc (Quadrant) that provides aircrew training services primarily for the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence
   
          Each joint venture is 50 percent owned by the Company and accounted for under the equity method. Under the equity method of accounting for investments, the Company’s proportionate share of the earnings or losses of its equity affiliates are included in Net income and classified as Other income, net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. For segment performance reporting purposes, Rockwell Collins’ share of earnings or losses of VSI, DLS, IGS and Quest are included in the operating results of the Government Systems segment.
 
  In the normal course of business or pursuant to the underlying joint venture agreements, the Company may sell products or services to equity affiliates. The Company defers a portion of the profit generated from these sales equal to its ownership interest in the equity affiliates until the underlying product is ultimately sold to an unrelated third party. Sales to equity affiliates were $102 million, $98 million and $96 million for the years ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The deferred portion of profit generated from sales to equity affiliates was $2 million at September 30, 2011 and $4 million at September 30, 2010.
 
  Exchange and Rental Assets
Exchange and rental assets consist primarily of Company products that are either loaned or rented to customers on a short-term basis in connection with warranty and other service related activities or under operating leases. These assets are recorded at acquisition or production cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated lives up to 15 years. Depreciation methods and lives are reviewed periodically with any changes recorded on a prospective basis. Depreciation expense for exchange and rental assets was $11 million, $9 million and $10 million for the years ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
 
  Assets Held-for-Sale
Assets held-for-sale at September 30, 2010 included the carrying cost for the Company's vacated land and facility in San Jose, California. In September 2009, the Company announced plans to close this facility and relocate engineering, production and service work to other existing facilities. In 2010, the San Jose facility was vacated, actively marketed and prepared for sale. In July 2011, the Company sold the San Jose facility for $14 million, net of selling costs.
 
10. Other Current Liabilities
 
  Other current liabilities are summarized as follows:
 
      September 30,   September 30,
  (in millions)       2011       2010
  Customer incentives   $ 128   $ 132
  Contract reserves     16     19
  Income taxes payable     29     8
  Other     96     83
          Other current liabilities   $ 269   $ 242
 

61
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
11. Debt
 
          Short-term Debt
Under the Company’s commercial paper program, the Company may sell up to $850 million face amount of unsecured short-term promissory notes in the commercial paper market. The commercial paper notes may bear interest or may be sold at a discount, and have a maturity of not more than 364 days from the time of issuance. At September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, there were no outstanding short-term commercial paper borrowings.
 
  In June 2011 the Company repaid a five-year unsecured variable rate loan of a non-U.S. subsidiary that was entered into in June 2006. At September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, the outstanding balance for this loan was $0 million and $24 million, respectively.
 
  Revolving Credit Facilities
On May 26, 2011, the Company entered into an $850 million five-year unsecured revolving credit facility with various banks. This agreement replaces the prior $850 million revolving credit agreement that was terminated concurrently upon entering into the new agreement. The conditions precedent, covenants, representations and warranties and events of default set forth in the new revolving credit facility agreement are substantially the same as those in the prior agreement. The credit facility includes one financial covenant requiring the Company to maintain a consolidated debt to total capitalization ratio of not greater than 60 percent. The ratio excludes the accumulated other comprehensive loss equity impact related to defined benefit retirement plans. The ratio was 15 percent as of September 30, 2011. The credit facility has options to extend the term for up to two one-year periods and/or increase the aggregate principal amount up to $1.2 billion. These options are subject to the approval of the lenders. The credit facility also contains covenants that require the Company to satisfy certain conditions in order to incur debt secured by liens, engage in sale/ leaseback transactions or merge or consolidate with another entity. Borrowings under this credit facility bear interest at the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a variable margin based on the Company’s unsecured long-term debt rating or, at the Company’s option, rates determined by competitive bid. At September 30, 2011, there were no outstanding borrowings under this revolving credit facility, nor were there any outstanding borrowings at September 30, 2010 under the prior agreement.
 
  In addition, short-term credit facilities available to non-U.S. subsidiaries amounted to $58 million as of September 30, 2011, of which $19 million was utilized to support commitments in the form of commercial letters of credit. As of September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, there were no short-term borrowings outstanding under the Company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries’ credit facilities.
 
  At September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, there were no significant commitment fees or compensating balance requirements under any of the Company’s credit facilities.
 
  Long-term Debt
In addition to the Company’s credit facilities and commercial paper program, the Company has a shelf registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to which the Company can publicly offer and sell securities. This shelf registration covers an unlimited amount of debt securities, common stock and preferred stock or warrants that may be offered in one or more offerings on terms to be determined at the time of sale.
 
  On May 6, 2009, the Company issued $300 million of 5.25 percent fixed rate unsecured debt due July 15, 2019 (the 2019 Notes). The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the 2019 Notes, after deducting a $2 million discount and $2 million of debt issuance costs, were $296 million. The 2019 Notes are included in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position net of the unamortized discount within the caption Long-term Debt, Net. The debt issuance costs are capitalized within Other Assets on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The discount and debt issuance costs are amortized over the life of the 2019 Notes and recorded in Interest expense. In January 2010, the Company entered into interest rate swap contracts which effectively converted $150 million of the 2019 Notes to floating rate debt based on six-month LIBOR plus 1.235 percent. See Notes 18 and 19 for additional information relating to the interest rate swap contracts.
 
  On November 20, 2003, the Company issued $200 million of 4.75 percent fixed rate unsecured debt due December 1, 2013 (the 2013 Notes). At the time of the debt issuance, the Company entered into interest rate swap contracts which effectively converted $100 million of the 2013 Notes to floating rate debt based on six-month LIBOR less 0.075 percent. See Notes 18 and 19 for additional information relating to the interest rate swap contracts.
 
62
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
The 2019 and 2013 Notes each contain covenants that require the Company to satisfy certain conditions in order to incur debt secured by liens, engage in sales/leaseback transactions, merge or consolidate with another entity or transfer substantially all of the Company’s assets. The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants at September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010.
 
Long-term debt and a reconciliation to the carrying amount is summarized as follows:
 
      September 30,   September 30,
  (in millions)       2011       2010
  Principal amount of 2019 Notes, net of discount   $ 299   $ 299
  Principal amount of 2013 Notes     200     200
  Fair value swap adjustment (Notes 18 and 19)     29     26
          Long-term debt, net   $ 528   $ 525
               
  Interest paid on debt for the years ended September 30, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $18 million, $19 million and $13 million, respectively.
 
12. Retirement Benefits
 
          The Company sponsors defined benefit pension (Pension Benefits) and other postretirement (Other Retirement Benefits) plans which provide monthly pension and other benefits to eligible employees upon retirement.
 
  Pension Benefits
The Company historically provided pension benefits to most of the Company's U.S. employees in the form of non-contributory, defined benefit plans that are considered qualified plans under applicable laws. The benefits provided under these plans for salaried employees are generally based on years of service and average compensation. The benefits provided under these plans for hourly employees are generally based on specified benefit amounts and years of service. In addition, the Company sponsors an unfunded non-qualified defined benefit plan for certain employees.
 
  In June 2003, the Company amended its U.S. qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans to discontinue benefit accruals for salary increases and services rendered after September 30, 2006. These changes impacted all of the Company's domestic pension plans for all salaried and hourly employees who were not covered by collective bargaining agreements. Concurrently, the Company supplemented its existing defined contribution savings plan effective October 1, 2006 to include an additional Company contribution.
 
  The Company also maintains four defined benefit pension plans in countries outside of the U.S., two of which are unfunded.
 
  Other Retirement Benefits
Other retirement benefits consist of retiree health care and life insurance benefits that are provided to substantially all of the Company's U.S. employees hired before October 1, 2006 and their beneficiaries. Employees generally become eligible to receive these benefits if they retire after age 55 with at least 10 years of service. Most plans are contributory with retiree contributions generally based upon years of service and adjusted annually by the Company. Retiree medical plans pay a stated percentage of expenses reduced by deductibles and other coverage, principally Medicare. The amount the Company will contribute toward retiree medical coverage for most employees is fixed. Additional premium contributions will be required from participants for all costs in excess of the Company's fixed contribution amount. Retiree life insurance plans provide coverage at a flat dollar amount or as a multiple of salary. With the exception of certain bargaining unit plans, Other Retirement Benefits are funded as expenses are incurred.
 
63
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Components of Expense (Income)
The components of expense (income) for Pension Benefits and Other Retirement Benefits are summarized below:
 
      Pension Benefits   Other Retirement Benefits
          (in millions)       2011       2010       2009       2011       2010       2009
  Service cost   $     8     $     6     $     5     $     4     $     3     $     2  
  Interest cost     159       159       169       11       12       14  
  Expected return on plan assets     (212 )     (210 )     (203 )     (1 )     (1 )     —  
  Amortization:                                                
         Prior service credit     (19 )     (19 )     (19 )     (16 )     (22 )     (22 )
         Net actuarial loss     48       90       30       12       13       10  
  Net benefit expense (income)   $ (16 )   $ 26     $ (18 )   $ 10     $ 5     $ 4  
                                                   
Funded Status and Net Liability
The Company recognizes the unfunded status of defined benefit retirement plans on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as Retirement Benefits. The current portion of the liability is the amount by which the actuarial present value of benefits included in the benefit obligation payable in the next twelve months exceeds the fair value of the plan assets and is reflected in Compensation and benefits in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
 
The following table reconciles the projected benefit obligations (PBO), plan assets, funded status and net liability for the Company's Pension Benefits and the Other Retirement Benefits.
 
                      Other
              Pension Benefits   Retirement Benefits
  (in millions)       2011       2010       2011       2010
  PBO at beginning of period   $     3,354     $     2,968     $     265     $     240  
  Service cost     8       6       4       3  
  Interest cost     159       159       11       12  
  Discount rate change     134       354       7       16  
  Actuarial losses (gains)     15       28       (16 )     (9 )
  Plan amendments     14       —       —       21  
  Plan participant contributions     —       —       14       13  
  Benefits paid     (166 )     (159 )     (31 )     (31 )
  Other     —       (2 )     —       —  
  PBO at end of period     3,518       3,354       254       265  
  Plan assets at beginning of period     2,169       1,928       9       10  
  Actual return on plan assets     (5 )     291       —       1  
  Company contributions     113       110       17       16  
  Plan participant contributions     —       —       14       13  
  Benefits paid     (166 )     (159 )     (31 )     (31 )
  Other     —       (1 )     —       —  
  Plan assets at end of period     2,111       2,169       9       9  
  Funded status of plans   $ (1,407 )   $ (1,185 )   $ (245 )   $ (256 )
  Funded status consists of:                                
  Retirement benefits liability   $ (1,397 )   $ (1,175 )   $ (232 )   $ (241 )
  Compensation and benefits liability     (10 )     (10 )     (13 )     (15 )
  Net liability   $ (1,407 )   $ (1,185 )   $ (245 )   $ (256 )
                                   
64
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
The Company's non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans represented 4 percent and 5 percent of the total PBO at September 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit pension plans was $3,508 million and $3,343 million at September 30, 2011 and September 30, 2010, respectively.
 
Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table summarizes the amounts included in Accumulated other comprehensive loss before tax related to retirement benefits as of September 30, 2011 and 2010 and changes recognized in Other Comprehensive Loss before tax for the years ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
 
                      Other
      Pension Benefits   Retirement Benefits
      Prior Service   Net Actuarial   Prior Service   Net Actuarial
          (in millions)   Cost (Credit)   Loss   Cost (Credit)   Loss
  Balance at September 30, 2009       $            (94 )       $            1,738         $              (76 )       $ 184  
  Current year prior service cost     —       —       21       —  
  Current year net actuarial loss     —       301       —       6  
  Amortization of prior service cost     19       —       22       —  
  Amortization of actuarial loss     —       (90 )     —       (13 )
  Balance at September 30, 2010     (75 )     1,949       (33 )     177  
  Current year prior service cost     14       —       —       —  
  Current year net actuarial loss     —       366       —       (8 )
  Amortization of prior service cost     19       —       16       —  
  Amortization of actuarial loss     —       (48 )     —       (12 )
  Balance at September 30, 2011   $ (42 )   $ 2,267     $ (17 )   $              157  
                                   
The estimated amounts that will be amortized from Accumulated other comprehensive loss into expense (income) for Pension Benefits and Other Retirement Benefits during the year ending September 30, 2012 are as follows:
 
              Other        
          Pension       Retirement            
          (in millions)   Benefits   Benefits   Total
  Prior service cost   $             (18 )   $             (6 )   $             (24 )
  Net actuarial loss     58       11       69  
  Total   $ 40     $ 5     $ 45  
                           
Actuarial Assumptions
The following table presents the significant assumptions used in determining the benefit obligations:
 
                              Other
                              Retirement
      Pension Benefits   Benefits
      U.S.   Non-U.S.   U.S.
                  2011       2010       2011       2010       2011       2010
  Discount rate   4.43 %   4.85 %   5.57 %   4.94 %   4.20 %   4.52 %
  Compensation increase rate   —     —     3.46 %   3.44 %   —     —  

Discount rates used to determine the benefit obligations are determined by using a weighted average of market-observed yields for high quality fixed income securities that correspond to the payment of benefits.
 
The Company's U.S. qualified and non-qualified plans were amended to discontinue benefit accruals for salary increases and services rendered after September 30, 2006. The only U.S. plans that continue to accrue benefits are certain plans associated with collective bargaining agreements, and these plans are not impacted by increases in compensation as the benefit formula is dependent solely on years of service. As a result, the compensation increase rate assumption for U.S. plans is zero.
 
65
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
Significant assumptions used in determining the net benefit expense (income) are as follows:
 
                              Other
      Pension Benefits   Retirement Benefits
      U.S.   Non-U.S.   U.S.
                  2011       2010       2011       2010       2011       2010
  Discount rate   4.85 %   5.47 %   4.94 %   5.94 %   4.52 %   5.23 %
  Expected long-term return on plan assets   8.75 %   8.75 %   8.68 %   8.71 %   8.75 %   8.75 %
  Compensation increase rate   —     —     3.44 %   3.50 %   —     —  
  Health care cost gross trend rate*   —     —     —     —        11.00 %   11.00 %
  Ultimate trend rate*   —     —     —     —     5.50 %   5.50 %
  Year that trend reaches ultimate rate*   —     —     —     —     2016   2015

          *  Due to the effect of the fixed Company contribution, increasing or decreasing the health care cost trend rate by one percentage point would not have a significant impact on the Company's cost of providing Other Retirement Benefits.
 
Expected long-term return on plan assets for each year presented is based on both historical long-term actual and expected future investment returns considering the current investment mix of plan assets. The Company uses a market-related value of plan assets reflecting changes in the fair value of plan assets over a five-year period. In 2010, actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the market-related value of plan assets or the projected benefit obligation (the corridor) were amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants, which was approximately 11 years. Beginning in 2011, the amortization of such gains and losses was over the expected future lifetime of inactive participants, which is approximately 28 years. As of September 30, 2011, almost all of the plan's participants are considered inactive due to the discontinuance of benefit accruals for services rendered after September 30, 2006 for all salaried and hourly employees not covered by collective bargaining agreements.
 
Prior service costs resulting from plan amendments are amortized in equal annual amounts over the average remaining service period of affected active participants or over the remaining life expectancy of affected retired participants.
 
Plan Assets
Total plan assets for Pension Benefits and Other Retirement Benefits as of September 30, 2011 and 2010 were $2,120 million and $2,178 million, respectively. The Company has established investment objectives that seek to preserve and maximize the amount of plan assets available to pay plan benefits. These objectives are achieved through investment guidelines requiring diversification and allocation strategies designed to maximize the long-term returns on plan assets while maintaining a prudent level of investment risk. These investment strategies are implemented using actively managed and indexed assets. Target and actual asset allocations as of September 30, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:
 
              Target Mix   2011   2010
  Equities       40% - 70%       60 %       64 %
  Fixed income   25% - 60%   37 %   34 %
  Alternative investments   0% - 15%   — %   — %
  Cash   0% - 5%   3 %   2 %

Alternative investments may include real estate, hedge funds, venture capital, and private equity. There were no plan assets invested in the securities of the Company as of September 30, 2011 and 2010 or at any time during the years then ended. Target and actual asset allocations are periodically rebalanced between asset classes in order to mitigate investment risk and maintain asset classes within target allocations.
 
66
 
 

ROCKWELL COLLINS, INC.
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
 
The following table presents the fair value of the Company's pension plans' assets as of September 30, 2011 and 2010, by asset category segregated by level within the fair value hierarchy, as described in Note 18:
 
              September 30, 2011   September 30, 2010
  (in millions)       Level 1       Level 2       Level 3       Total       Level 1       Level 2       Level 3       Total
  Asset category:                                                
  Equity securities:                                                
         U.S. equity   $     772   $     122   $     —   $     894   $     849   $     136   $     —   $     985
         Non-U.S. equity     339     35     —     374     353     36     —     389
  Fixed income securities:                                                
         Corporate     —     468     —     468     —     376     —     376
         U.S. government     122     128     —     250     131     132     —     263
         Emerging market     —     56     —     56     —     67     —     67
         Mortgage and asset-backed     —     6     —     6     —     24     —     24
         Other     —     9     —     9     —     12     —     12
  Cash and cash equivalents     —     49     —     49     —     49     —     49
  Sub-total     1,233     873     —     2,106     1,333     832     —     2,165
  Net receivables related to