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Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

        We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:

(1)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-191161) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan



(2)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-194228) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan



(3)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-204210) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan



(4)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-210694) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan



(5)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-215575) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan



(6)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-222400) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2013 Equity Compensation Plan



(7)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-226199) pertaining to the Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. 2018 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan



(8)

Registration Statement (Form S-3 No. 333-221684) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.



(9)

Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-207533) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.



(10)

Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-211769) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.



(11)

Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-222374) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.



(12)

Registration Statement (Form S-1 No. 333-224315) of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc.

of our report dated April 1, 2019, with respect to the consolidated financial statements of Onconova Therapeutics, Inc. included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2018.

	/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania April 1, 2019

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Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm