Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statement (Form S-8) pertaining to the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, the 2005 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan and the 2010 Inducement Award Plan of XenoPort, Inc. of our reports dated March 1, 2011, with respect to the financial statements of XenoPort, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of XenoPort, Inc. included in its Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

            /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Redwood Shores, California

January 9, 2012