10-K 1 v303762_10k.htm ANNUAL REPORT

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 1 0 - K

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

 

Commission file number: 000-31207

 

BANK MUTUAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Wisconsin   39-2004336
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S.  Employer Identification No.)
     
4949 West Brown Deer Road, Milwaukee,  Wisconsin   53223
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (414) 354-1500

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, $0.01 Par Value   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
(Title of each class)   (Name of each exchange on which registered)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

NONE

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act

Yes £   No S

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes £   No S

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes S   No £

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.)

Yes S   No £

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer £ Accelerated filer S Non-accelerated filer £ Smaller reporting company £

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the act).

Yes £   No S

 

As of February 24, 2012, 46,326,484 shares of Common Stock were validly issued and outstanding. The aggregate market value of the Common Stock (based upon the $3.67 last sale price on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on June 30, 2011, the last trading date of the Company’s second fiscal quarter) held by non-affiliates (excluding outstanding shares reported as beneficially owned by directors and executive officers; does not constitute an admission as to affiliate status) was approximately $158 million.

 

    Part of Form 10-K Into Which
Documents Incorporated by Reference   Portions of Document are Incorporated
     
Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Shareholders on May 7, 2012   Part III

  

 
 

 

BANK MUTUAL CORPORATION

 

FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT TO

THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2011

 

Table of Contents

 

Item     Page
       
Part I      
       
1 Business   3
       
1A Risk Factors   24
       
1B Unresolved Staff Comments   30
       
2 Properties   30
       
3 Legal Proceedings   30
       
4 Mine Safety Disclosures   30
       
Part II      
       
5 Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholders Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities   31
       
6 Selected Financial Data   33
       
7 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations   35
       
7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk   60
       
8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data   64
       
9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure   109
       
9A Controls and Procedures   109
       
9B Other Information   111
       
Part III      
       
10 Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance   112
       
11 Executive Compensation   112
       
12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Management, and Related Stockholder Matters   112
       
13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence   112
       
14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services   112
       
Part IV      
       
15 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules   113
       
SIGNATURES     114

  

2
 

 

Part I

 

Cautionary Statement

 

This report contains or incorporates by reference various forward-looking statements concerning the Company's prospects that are based on the current expectations and beliefs of management. Forward-looking statements may contain, and are intended to be identified by, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “intend,” and similar expressions or use of verbs in the future tense any discussions of periods after the date on which this report is filed are also forward-looking statements. The statements contained herein and such future statements involve or may involve certain assumptions, risks, and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Company's control, that could cause the Company's actual results and performance to differ materially from what is stated or expected. In addition to the assumptions and other factors referenced specifically in connection with such statements, the following factors could impact the business and financial prospects of the Company: general economic conditions, including instability in credit, lending, and financial markets; declines in the real estate market, which could further affect both collateral values and loan activity; continuing relatively high unemployment and other factors which could affect borrowers’ ability to repay their loans; negative developments affecting particular borrowers, which could further adversely impact loan repayments and collection; legislative and regulatory initiatives and changes, including action taken, or that may be taken, in response to difficulties in financial markets and/or which could negatively affect the right of creditors; monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government; the effects of further regulation and consolidation within the financial services industry, including substantial changes under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) and the transfer of regulatory authority from the Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”) to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) and the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”); regulators’ increasing expectations for financial institutions’ capital levels and restrictions imposed on institutions, as to payments of dividends or otherwise, to maintain or achieve those levels, including the possible effect of the memoranda of understanding mentioned in this report; pending and/or potential rulemaking or other actions by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”); potential regulatory or other actions affecting the Company or the Bank; potential adverse publicity relating to any such action or other developments affecting the Company or the Bank; potential changes in the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), which could impact the home mortgage market; increased competition and/or disintermediation within the financial services industry; changes in tax rates, deductions and/or policies; potential further changes in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) premiums and other governmental assessments; changes in deposit flows; changes in the cost of funds; fluctuations in general market rates of interest and/or yields or rates on competing loans, investments, and sources of funds; demand for loan or deposit products; illiquidity of financial markets and other negative developments affecting particular investment and mortgage-related securities, which could adversely impact the fair value of and/or cash flows from such securities; changes in customers’ demand for other financial services; the Company’s potential inability to carry out business plans or strategies; changes in accounting policies or guidelines; natural disasters, acts of terrorism, or developments in the war on terrorism; the risk of failures in computer or other technology systems or data maintenance, or breaches of security relating to such systems. Refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” below, as well as the factors discussed in Part II, “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” for additional discussion.

 

Item 1. Business

 

The discussion in this section should be read in conjunction with “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

General

 

Bank Mutual Corporation (the “Company”) is a Wisconsin corporation headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Company owns 100% of the common stock of Bank Mutual (the “Bank”) and currently engages in no substantial activities other than its ownership of such stock. Consequently, the Company’s net income and cash flows are derived primarily from the Bank’s operations and capital distributions. In July 2011 regulation of the Company as a savings and loan holding company transferred from the OTS to the FRB as specified in the Dodd-Frank Act. The Company’s common stock trades on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol BKMU.

 

3
 

 

The Bank was founded in 1892 and is a federally-chartered savings bank headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In July 2011 regulation of the Bank transferred from the OTS to the OCC as specified in the Dodd-Frank Act. The Bank’s deposits are insured within limits established by the FDIC. The Bank's primary business is community banking, which includes attracting deposits from and making loans to the general public and private businesses, as well as governmental and non-profit entities. In addition to deposits, the Bank obtains funds through borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Chicago. These funding sources are principally used to originate loans, including one- to four-family residential loans, multi-family residential loans, commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans and lines of credit, and consumer loans and lines of credit. From time-to-time the Bank also purchases and/or participates in loans from third-party financial institutions and is an active seller of residential loans in the secondary market. It also invests in mortgage-related and other investment securities.

 

The Company’s principal executive office is located at 4949 Brown Deer Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53223, and its telephone number at that location is (414) 354-1500. The Company’s website is www.bankmutualcorp.com. The Company will make available through that website, free of charge, its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practical after the Company files those reports with, or furnishes them to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also available on the Company’s website are various documents relating to the corporate governance of the Company, including its Code of Ethics and its Code of Conduct.

 

Market Area

 

At December 31, 2011, the Company had 78 banking offices in Wisconsin and one in Minnesota. At June 30, 2011, the Company had a 1.56% market share of all deposits held by FDIC-insured institutions in Wisconsin. The Company is the fourth largest financial institution headquartered in Wisconsin, based on deposit market share.

 

The largest concentration of the Company’s offices is in southeastern Wisconsin, consisting of the Milwaukee Metropolitan Statistical Area (“MSA”), the Racine MSA, and the Kenosha, Wisconsin, and Lake County, Illinois MSA. The Company has 26 offices in these MSAs. The Company has also four offices in the Madison MSA, two offices in the Janesville/Beloit MSA, and six other offices in communities in east central Wisconsin.

 

The Company also operates 21 banking offices in northeastern Wisconsin, including the Green Bay MSA. Two of the offices in this region are near the Michigan border; therefore, the Company also draws customers from the upper peninsula of Michigan. Finally, the Company has 19 offices in northwestern Wisconsin, including the Eau Claire MSA, and one office in Woodbury, Minnesota, which is located near the Wisconsin state border on the eastern edge of the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area.

 

The services provided through the Company's banking offices are supplemented by services offered through a customer service call center, 24-hour phone banking, internet banking services, and ATMs located in the Company’s market areas.

 

Competition

 

The Company faces significant competition in attracting deposits, making loans, and selling other financial products and services. Wisconsin has many banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations, and tax-exempt credit unions, which offer the same types of banking products and services as the Company. The Company also faces competition from other types of financial service companies, such as mortgage brokerage firms, finance companies, insurance companies, investment brokerage firms, and mutual funds. As a result of electronic commerce, the Company also competes with financial service providers outside of Wisconsin.

 

Many of the Company’s competitors have greater resources and/or offer services that the Company currently does not provide. For example, the Company does not offer trust services. However, the Company does offer mutual fund investments, tax-deferred annuities, credit life and disability insurance, property and casualty insurance, and brokerage services through a subsidiary, BancMutual Financial & Insurance Services, Inc.

 

4
 

 

Lending Activities

 

General At December 31, 2011, the Company’s total loans receivable was $1.3 billion or 52.3% of total assets. The Company’s loan portfolio consists primarily of mortgage loans, which includes loans secured by one- to four-family residences, multi-family properties, and commercial real estate properties, as well as construction and development loans secured by the same types of properties and land. To a lesser degree, the loan portfolio includes consumer loans consisting principally of home equity lines of credit, fixed and adjustable-rate home equity loans, student loans, and automobile loans. Finally, the Company’s loan portfolio also contains commercial business loans, to which it recently began to give increased emphasis. The nature, type, and terms of loans originated or purchased by the Company are subject to federal and state laws and regulations. The Company has no significant concentrations of loans to particular borrowers or to borrowers engaged in similar activities. In addition, the Company limits its lending activities primarily to borrowers and related loan collateral located in its market areas, which consist of Wisconsin and contiguous regions of Illinois, Minnesota, and northern Michigan, as previously described. For specific information related to the Company’s loans receivable for the periods covered by this report, refer to “Financial Condition—Loans Receivable” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Residential Mortgage Lending The Company originates and purchases first mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family properties. At December 31, 2011, the Company’s portfolio of these types of loans was $508.5 million or 36.6% of its gross loans receivable. Most of these loans are owner-occupied; however, the Company also originates first mortgage loans secured by second homes, seasonal homes, and investment properties.

 

The Company originates primarily conventional fixed-rate residential mortgage loans and adjustable-rate residential mortgage (“ARM”) loans with maturity dates up to 30 years. Such loans generally are underwritten to Fannie Mae standards. In general, ARM loans are retained by the Company in its loan portfolio. Conventional fixed-rate residential mortgage loans are generally sold in the secondary market without recourse, although the Company typically retains the servicing rights to such loans. From time-to-time, the Company may elect to retain in its loan portfolio conventional fixed-rate loans with maturities of up to 15 years. The Company also originates “jumbo” single family mortgage loans in excess of the Fannie Mae maximum loan amount, which was $417,000 for single family homes in its primary market areas in 2011. Fannie Mae has higher limits for two-, three- and four-family homes. The Company generally retains fixed-rate jumbo single family mortgage loans in its portfolio.

 

From time-to-time the Company also originates fixed-rate and ARM loans under special programs for low- to moderate-income households and first-time home buyers. These programs are offered to help meet the credit needs of the communities the Company serves and are retained by the Company in its loan portfolio. Among the features of these programs are lower down payments, no mortgage insurance, and generally less restrictive requirements for qualification compared to the Company’s conventional one- to four-family mortgage loans. These loans generally have maturities up to 30 years.

 

The Company also originates loans under programs administered by the State Veteran’s Administration (“State VA”), the Wisconsin Housing and Economic Development Authority (“WHEDA”), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) Guaranteed Rural Housing Program, and the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”). Loans originated under State VA, WHEDA, and USDA programs are not held by the Company in its loan portfolio, although the Company retains the servicing rights for such loans. In the case of FHA loans, the Company receives a fee for its origination services, but does not retain the loan or the servicing rights.

 

ARM loans pose credit risks different from the risks inherent in fixed-rate loans, primarily because as interest rates rise, the underlying payments from the borrowers increase, which increases the potential for payment default. At the same time, the marketability and/or value of the underlying property may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. ARM loans generally have an initial fixed-rate term of one to seven years. Thereafter, they are adjusted on an annual basis up to a maximum of 200 basis points per year. The Company originates ARM loans with lifetime caps set at 6% above the origination rate. Monthly payments of principal and interest are adjusted when the interest rate adjusts. The Company does not offer ARM loans with negative amortization. The Company currently utilizes the monthly average yield on United States treasury securities, adjusted to a constant maturity of one year (“constant maturity treasury index”) as the base index to determine the interest rate payable upon the adjustment date of ARM loans. Some of the ARM loans are granted with conversion options that provide for terms of up to seven years in which the borrower may convert the ARM loan to a fixed-rate mortgage loan. The terms at which the ARM loan may be converted to a fixed-rate loan are established at the date of loan origination and are set to allow the Company to sell the loan into the secondary market upon conversion. The Company no longer originates ARM loans on an interest-only basis (whereby the borrower pays interest-only during the initial interest rate lock period). The Company’s remaining portfolio of interest-only ARM loans does not constitute a material portion of its overall loan portfolio.

 

5
 

 

The volume and types of ARM loans the Company originates have been affected by the level of market interest rates, competition, consumer preferences, and the availability of funds. ARM loans are susceptible to early prepayment during periods of lower interest rates as borrowers refinance into fixed-rate loans.

 

Residential mortgage loan originations are solicited from real estate brokers, builders, existing customers, community groups, other referral sources, and residents of the local communities located in the Company’s primary market areas through its loan origination staff. The Company also advertises its residential mortgage loan products through local media, direct customer communications, and its website. Most residential mortgage loans are processed under Fannie Mae’s alternative documentation program. For alternative documentation loans, the Company requires applicants to complete a Fannie Mae loan application and requests income, asset and debt information from the borrower. In addition to obtaining outside vendor credit reports on all borrowers, the Company also looks at other information to ascertain the creditworthiness of the borrower. The Company does not offer Alt-A or no doc loans, nor does it originate or purchase subprime loans, and the Dodd-Frank Act now restricts these types of residential mortgage loans by most lenders.

 

The Company requires an appraisal of the real estate that secures a residential mortgage loan, which must be performed by an independent certified appraiser approved by the board of directors. Prior to 2009, however, the Company used a streamlined process in certain circumstances on existing mortgage loans that were refinanced or modified with the Company. In such instances, the Company relied on the original appraisal. A title insurance policy is required for all real estate first mortgage loans. Evidence of adequate hazard insurance and flood insurance, if applicable, is required prior to closing. Borrowers are required to make monthly payments to fund principal and interest (except for interest-only ARM loans, which the Company no longer originates) as well as private mortgage insurance and flood insurance, if applicable. With some exceptions for lower loan-to-value ratio loans, borrowers are also generally required to escrow in advance for real estate taxes. Generally, no interest is paid on these escrow deposits. If borrowers with loans having a lower loan-to-value ratio want to handle their own taxes and insurance, an escrow waiver fee is charged. With respect to escrowed real estate taxes, the Company generally makes this disbursement directly to the borrower as obligations become due.

 

The Company’s staff underwriters review all pertinent information prior to making a credit decision on an application. All recommendations to deny are reviewed by a designated senior officer of the Company, in addition to staff underwriters, prior to the final disposition of the application. The Company’s lending policies generally limit the maximum loan-to-value ratio on single family mortgage loans secured by owner-occupied properties to 95% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price of the property. This limit is lower for loans secured by two-, three-, and four-family homes. Loans above 80% loan-to-value ratios are subject to private mortgage insurance to reduce the Company’s exposure to less than 80% of value, except for certain low to moderate income loan program loans.

 

In addition to servicing the loans in its own portfolio, the Company continues to service most of the loans that it sells to Fannie Mae and other third-party investors ("loans serviced for others"). Servicing mortgage loans, whether for its own portfolio or for others, includes such functions as collecting monthly principal and interest payments from borrowers, maintaining escrow accounts for real estate taxes and insurance, and making certain payments on behalf of borrowers. When necessary, servicing of mortgage loans also includes functions related to the collection of delinquent principal and interest payments, loan foreclosure proceedings, and disposition of foreclosed real estate. As of December 31, 2011, loans serviced for others amounted to $1.1 billion. These loans are not reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

 

When the Company services loans for others, it is compensated through the retention of a servicing fee from borrowers' monthly payments. The Company pays the third-party investors an agreed-upon yield on the loans, which is generally less than the interest agreed to be paid by the borrowers. The difference, typically 25 basis points or more, is retained by the Company and recognized as servicing fee income over the lives of the loans, net of amortization of capitalized mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). The Company also receives fees and interest income from ancillary sources such as delinquency charges and float on escrow and other funds.

 

6
 

 

Management believes that servicing mortgage loans for third parties provides a natural hedge against other risks inherent in the Company's mortgage banking operations. For example, fluctuations in volumes of mortgage loan originations and resulting gains on sales of such loans caused by changes in market interest rates will be partially offset by opposite changes in the amortization of the MSRs. These fluctuations are usually the result of actual loan prepayment activity and/or changes in management expectations for future prepayment activity, which impacts the amount of MSRs amortized in a given period. However, fluctuations in the recorded value of MSRs may also be caused by valuation adjustments required to be recognized under generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). That is, the value of servicing rights may fluctuate because of changes in the future prepayment assumptions or discount rates used to periodically value the MSRs. Although most of the Company's serviced loans that prepay are replaced by new serviced loans (thus preserving the future servicing cash flow), GAAP requires impairment losses resulting from a change in future prepayment assumptions to be recorded when the change occurs. However, the offsetting gain on the sale of the new loan, if any, cannot be recorded under GAAP until the customer actually prepays the old loan and the new loan is sold in the secondary market. MSRs are particularly susceptible to impairment losses during periods of declining interest rates during which prepayment activity typically accelerates to levels above that which had been anticipated when the servicing rights were originally recorded. Alternatively, in periods of increasing interest rates, during which prepayment activity typically declines, the Company could potentially recapture through earnings all or a portion of a previously established valuation allowance for impairment.

 

Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate Loans At December 31, 2011, the Company’s aggregate portfolio of multi-family and commercial real estate loans was $473.2 million or 34.0% of its gross loans receivable. The Company’s multi-family and commercial real estate loan portfolios consist of fixed-rate and adjustable-rate loans originated at prevailing market rates usually tied to various treasury indices. This portfolio generally consists of loans secured by apartment buildings, office buildings, retail centers, warehouses, and industrial buildings. Loans in this portfolio may be secured by either owner or non-owner occupied properties. Loans in this portfolio typically do not exceed 80% of the lesser of the purchase price or an independent appraisal by an appraiser designated by us. Loans originated with balloon maturities are generally amortized on a 25 to 30 year basis with a typical balloon term of 3 to 5 years.

 

Loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate are granted based on the income producing potential of the property, the financial strength and/or income producing potential of the borrower, and the appraised value of the property. In most cases, the Company also obtains personal guarantees from the principals involved. The Company’s approval process includes a review of the other debt obligations and overall sources of flow available to the borrower and guarantors. The property’s net operating income must be sufficient to cover the payments relating to the outstanding debt. The Company generally requires an assignment of rents or leases to be assured that the cash flow from the property will be used to repay the debt. Appraisals on properties securing multi-family and larger commercial real estate loans are performed by independent state certified or licensed fee appraisers approved by the board of directors. Title and hazard insurance are required as well as flood insurance, if applicable. Environmental assessments are performed on certain multi-family and commercial real estate loans in excess of $1.0 million, as well as all loans secured by certain properties that the Company considers to be “environmentally sensitive.” In addition, the Company performs an annual credit review of its multi-family and commercial real estate loans over $1.0 million.

 

Loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate properties are generally larger and involve a greater degree of credit risk than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. Such loans typically involve large balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Because payments on loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Furthermore, borrowers’ problems in areas unrelated to the properties that secure the Company’s loans may have an adverse impact on such borrowers’ ability to comply with the terms of the Company’s loans.

 

The Bank’s largest individual multi-family and commercial real estate loans, as well as its largest individual construction and development and commercial business loans (described below), are below the Bank’s legal lending limit to a single borrower, which was approximately $38.1 million at December 31, 2011. However, the Bank has an internal lending limit that is adjusted from time-to-time and is lower than its legal lending limit.

 

Construction and Development Loans At December 31, 2011, the Company’s portfolio of construction and development loans was $82.0 million or 5.9% of its gross loans receivable. These loans typically have terms of 18 to 24 months, are interest-only, and carry variable interest rates tied to the prime rate. Disbursements on these loans are based on draw requests supported by appropriate lien waivers. As a general matter, construction loans convert to permanent loans and remain in the Company’s loan portfolio upon the completion of the project. Development loans are typically repaid as the underlying lots or housing units are sold. Construction and development loans are generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than mortgage loans on completed properties. The Company's risk of loss on a construction and development loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the property's value at completion of construction, the estimated cost of construction, the appropriate application of loan proceeds to the work performed, and the borrower's ability to advance additional construction funds if necessary. In addition, in the event a borrower defaults on the loan during its construction phase, the construction project often needs to be completed before the full value of the collateral can be realized by the Company. Due to the economic environment, the Company suspended development lending in 2009, although it continues to engage in construction lending when the circumstances warrant. The Company is uncertain at this time when it will reinstate development lending. The Company performs an annual credit review of its construction loans over $1.0 million.

 

7
 

 

Commercial Business Loans At December 31, 2011, the Company’s portfolio of commercial business loans was $87.7 million or 6.3% of its gross loans receivable. This portfolio consists of loans to businesses for equipment purchases, working capital, debt refinancing or restructuring, business acquisition or expansion, Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans, and domestic standby letters of credit. Typically, these loans are secured by general business security agreements and personal guarantees. The Company offers variable, adjustable, and fixed-rate commercial business loans. The Company also has commercial business loans that have an initial period where interest rates are fixed, generally one to five years, and thereafter are adjustable based on various indices. Fixed-rate loans are priced at either a margin over the yield on U.S. Treasury issues with maturities that correspond to the maturities of the notes or to match competitive conditions and yield requirements. Term loans are generally amortized over a three to seven year period. Commercial lines of credit generally have a term of one year and are subject to annual renewal thereafter. The Company performs an annual credit review of all commercial business borrowers having an exposure to the Company of $500,000 or more.

 

Consumer Loans At December 31, 2011, the Company’s portfolio of consumer loans was $238.4 million or 17.2% of its gross loans receivable. Consumer loans include fixed term home equity loans, home equity lines of credit, home improvement loans, automobile loans, recreational vehicle loans, boat loans, deposit account loans, overdraft protection lines of credit, unsecured consumer loans, and to a lesser extent, unsecured consumer loans through credit card programs that are administered by third parties. In 2008 the Company ceased offering student loans through programs guaranteed by the federal government. Student loans that continue to be held by the Company are administered by a third party.

 

The Company’s primary focus in consumer lending has been the origination of loans secured by real estate, which includes home equity loans, home improvement loans, and home equity lines of credit. Underwriting procedures for the home equity and home equity lines of credit loans include a comprehensive review of the loan application, an acceptable credit score, verification of the value of the equity in the home, and verification of the borrower’s income. Home equity and home improvement loan originations are developed through cross-sales to existing customers, advertisements in local media, the Bank’s website, and from time-to-time, direct mail.

 

The Company originates fixed-rate home equity and home improvement term loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 89.9% (when combined with any other mortgage on the property). Pricing on fixed-rate home equity and home improvement term loans is periodically reviewed by management. Generally, loan terms are in the three to fifteen year range in order to minimize interest rate risk. Prior to 2010 the Company also originated variable rate home equity and home improvement term loans that had an initial fixed rate for one to three years then adjust annually or monthly depending upon the offering, with terms of up to 20 years. The Company discontinued offering variable rate home equity and home improvement term loans due to increased administrative burdens caused by changes in certain regulatory requirements.

 

The Company continues to originate home equity lines of credit. Home equity lines of credit are variable rate loans secured by a first or second mortgage on owner-occupied one- to four-family residences. Current interest rates on home equity lines of credit are tied to an index rate, adjust monthly after an initial interest rate lock period, and generally floors that vary depending on the loan-to-value ratio. Home equity line of credit loans are made for terms up to 10 years and require minimum monthly payments.

 

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher rates of interest than conventional mortgage loans, but typically involve more credit risk because of the nature of the collateral and, in some instances, the absence of collateral. In general, consumer loans are more dependent upon the borrower's continuing financial stability, more likely to be affected by adverse personal circumstances, and often secured by rapidly depreciating personal property such as automobiles. In addition, various laws, including bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that may be recovered from a borrower. However, such risks are mitigated to some extent in the case of home equity loans and lines of credit. These types of loans are secured by a first or second mortgage on the borrower's residence for which the total principal balance outstanding (including the first mortgage) does not generally exceed 89.9% of the property's value at the time of the loan.

 

8
 

 

The Company believes that the higher yields earned on consumer loans compensate for the increased risk associated with such loans and that consumer loans are important to the Company’s efforts to increase the interest rate sensitivity and shorten the average maturity of its loan portfolio.

 

In conjunction with its consumer lending activities, the Company offers customers credit life and disability insurance products underwritten and administered by an independent insurance provider. The Company receives commission revenue related to the sales of these products, although such amounts are not a material source of revenue for the Company.

 

Loan Approval Authority For one- to four-family residential loans intended for sale into the secondary market, the Company’s staff underwriters are authorized by the board of directors to approve loans processed through the Fannie Mae Desktop Underwriter automated underwriting system up to the Fannie Mae conforming loan limits ($417,000 for single family residential units; higher limits for two-, three-, and four-family units and certain high-cost areas, as defined by the Federal Housing Finance Agency or “FHFA”). For residential loans intended to be held in the Company’s loan portfolio, staff underwriters are authorized to approve loans processed through the Fannie Mae’s automated underwriting system up to a specified limit, provided the loan-to-value ratio is 80% or less (and up to 90% with mortgage insurance) and the loan meets other specific underwriting criteria. All loans in excess of the specified limit and/or not meeting underwriting criteria must be approved by a senior officer of the Company.

 

Certain senior officers have limited lending authority on loans secured by multi-family and commercial real estate properties, as well as secured and unsecured commercial business loans. All loans greater than this limited authority require approval of the executive loan committee of the board of directors.

 

Consumer loan underwriters have limited approval authority for secured and unsecured loans provided the loans meet specific underwriting criteria. All consumer loans in excess of these limits, or not meeting specific underwriting criteria, must be approved by a senior officer.

 

All loans in excess of $500,000 approved by individuals and senior officers must be ratified by the executive loan committee of the board of directors at its next meeting following the approval.

 

Asset Quality

 

General The Company has policies and procedures in place to manage its exposure to credit risk related to its lending operations. As a matter of policy, the Company limits its lending to geographic areas in which it has substantial familiarity and/or a physical presence. Currently, this is limited to certain specific market areas in Wisconsin and contiguous states. In addition, from time-to-time the Company will prohibit or restrict lending in situations in which the underlying business operations and/or collateral exceed management’s tolerance for risk. For example, in 2008 the Company suspended the origination of loans secured by hotels, motels, resort properties, restaurants, and bars and in 2009 suspended land development loans. The Company obtains appraisals of value prior to the origination of mortgage loans or other secured loans. It also manages its exposure to risk by regularly monitoring loan payment status, conducting periodic site visits and inspections, obtaining regular financial updates from large borrowers and/or guarantors, corresponding regularly with large borrowers and/or guarantors, and/or updating appraisals as appropriate, among other things. These procedures are emphasized when a borrower has failed to make scheduled loan payments, has otherwise defaulted on the terms of the loan agreement, or when management has become aware of a significant adverse change in the financial condition of the borrower, guarantor, or underlying collateral. For specific information relating to the Company’s asset quality for the periods covered by this report, refer to “Financial Condition—Asset Quality” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Internal Risk Ratings and Classified Assets OCC regulations require thrift institutions to review and, if necessary, classify their assets on a regular basis. Accordingly, the Company has internal policies and procedures in place to internally evaluate risk ratings on all of its loans and certain other assets. In general, these internal risk ratings correspond with regulatory requirements to adversely classify problem loans and certain other assets as “substandard,” “doubtful,” or “loss.” A loan or other asset is adversely classified as substandard if it is determined to involve a distinct possibility that the Company could sustain some loss if deficiencies associated with the loan are not corrected. A loan or other asset is adversely classified as doubtful if full collection is highly questionable or improbable. A loan or other asset is adversely classified as loss if it is considered uncollectible, even if a partial recovery could be expected in the future. The regulations also provide for a “special mention” designation, described as loans or assets which do not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant adverse classification, but which demonstrate clear trends in credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management's close attention (refer to the following paragraph for additional discussion). As of December 31, 2011, $51.6 million or 3.9% the Company loans were classified as special mention and $103.6 million or 7.9% were classified as substandard. The latter includes all loans placed on non-accrual in accordance with the Company’s policies, as described below. The Company had no loans classified as doubtful or loss at December 31, 2011.

 

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Loans that are not classified special mention or adversely classified as substandard, doubtful, or loss are classified as “pass” or “watch” in accordance with the Company’s internal risk rating policy. Pass loans are generally current on contractual loan and principal payments, comply with other contractual loan terms, and have no noticeable credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses. Watch loans are also generally current on payments and in compliance with loan terms, but a particular borrower’s financial or operating conditions may exhibit early signs of credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. Such deficiencies and/or weaknesses typically include, but are not limited to, the borrower’s financial or operating condition, deterioration in liquidity, increased financial leverage, declines in the condition or value of related collateral, recent changes management or business strategy, or recent developments in the economic, competitive, or market environment of the borrower. If adverse observations noted in these areas are not corrected, further downgrade of the loan may be warranted.

 

Delinquent Loans When a borrower fails to make required payments on a loan, the Company takes a number of steps to induce the borrower to cure the delinquency and restore the loan to a current status. In the case of one- to four-family mortgage loans, the Company’s loan servicing department is responsible for collection procedures from the 15th day of delinquency through the completion of foreclosure. Specific procedures include a late charge notice being sent at the time a payment is over 15 days past due with a second notice (in the form of a billing coupon) being sent before the payment becomes 30 days past due. Once the account is 30 days past due, the Company attempts telephone contact with the borrower. Letters are sent if contact has not been established by the 45th day of delinquency. On the 60th day of delinquency, attempts at telephone contact continue and stronger letters, including foreclosure notices, are sent. If telephone contact cannot be made, the Company sends either a qualified third party inspector or a loan officer to the property in an effort to contact the borrower. When contact is made with the borrower, the Company attempts to obtain full payment or work out a repayment schedule to avoid foreclosure of the collateral. Many borrowers pay before the agreed upon payment deadline and it is not necessary to start a foreclosure action. The Company follows collection procedures and guidelines outlined by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, State VA, WHEDA, and the Guaranteed Rural Housing Program.

 

The collection procedures for consumer loans, excluding student loans and credit card loans, include sending periodic late notices to a borrower once a loan is 5 to 15 days past due depending upon the grace period associated with a loan. The Company attempts to make direct contact with a borrower once a loan becomes 30 days past due. If collection activity is unsuccessful, the Company may pursue legal remedies itself, refer the matter to legal counsel for further collection effort, seek foreclosure or repossession of the collateral (if any), and/or charge-off the loan. All student loans are serviced by a third party, which guarantees that its servicing complies with all U.S. Department of Education guidelines. The Company’s student loan portfolio is guaranteed under programs sponsored by the U.S. government. Credit card loans are serviced by a third party administrator.

 

The collection procedures for multi-family, commercial real estate, and commercial business loans include sending periodic late notices to a borrower once a loan is past due. The Company attempts to make direct contact with a borrower once a loan becomes 15 days past due. The Company’s managers of the multi-family and commercial real estate loan areas review loans 10 days or more delinquent on a regular basis. If collection activity is unsuccessful, the Company may refer the matter to legal counsel for further collection effort. After 90 days, loans that are delinquent are typically proposed for repossession or foreclosure. Legal action requires the approval of the executive loan committee of the board of directors.

 

In working with delinquent borrowers, if the Company cannot develop a repayment plan that substantially complies with the original terms of the loan agreement, the Company’s practice has been to pursue foreclosure or repossession of the underlying collateral. As a matter of practice, the Company has not restructured or modified troubled loans in a manner that has resulted in a loss under accounting rules. However, the Company’s policies do not preclude such practice and the Company may elect in the future to restructure certain troubled loans in a manner that could result in losses under accounting rules. In most cases the Company continues to report restructured or modified troubled loans as non-performing loans unless the borrower has clearly demonstrated the ability to service the loan in accordance with the new terms.

 

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The Company’s policies require that management continuously monitor the status of the loan portfolio and report to the board of directors on a monthly basis. These reports include information on classified loans, delinquent loans, restructured or modified loans, allowance for loan losses, and foreclosed real estate.

 

Non-Accrual Policy With the exception of student loans that are guaranteed by the U.S. government, the Company generally stops accruing interest income on loans when interest or principal payments are 90 days or more in arrears or earlier when the future collectibility of such interest or principal payments may no longer be certain. In recent periods, the Company has experienced an increase in loans that meet the latter designation. In such cases, borrowers have often been able to maintain a current payment status, but are experiencing financial difficulties and/or the properties that secure the loans are experiencing increased vacancies, declining lease rates, and/or delays in unit sales. In such instances, the Company generally stops accruing interest income on the loans even though the borrowers are current with respect to all contractual payments. Although the Company generally no longer accrues interest on these loans, the Company may continue to record periodic interest payments received on such loans as interest income provided the borrowers remain current on the loans and provided, in the judgment of management, the Company’s net recorded investment in the loans are deemed to be collectible. The Company designates loans on which it stops accruing interest income as non-accrual loans and establishes a reserve for outstanding interest that was previously credited to income. All loans on non-accrual are considered to be impaired. The Company returns a non-accrual loan to accrual status when factors indicating doubtful or uncertain collection no longer exist. In general, non-accrual loans are also classified as substandard, doubtful, or loss in accordance with the Company’s internal risk rating policy. As of December 31, 2011, $74.4 million or 5.6% of the Company’s loans were on non-accrual and were considered to be non-performing in accordance with the Company’s policies.

 

Foreclosed Properties and Repossessed Assets As of December 31, 2011, $24.7 million or 1.0% of the Company’s total assets consisted of foreclosed properties and repossessed assets. In the case of loans secured by real estate, foreclosure action generally starts when the loan is between the 90th and 120th day of delinquency following review by a senior officer and the executive loan committee of the board of directors. If, based on this review, the Company determines that repayment of a loan is solely dependent on the liquidation of the collateral, the Company will typically seek the shortest redemption period possible, thus waiving its right to collect any deficiency from the borrower. Depending on whether the Company has waived this right and a variety of other factors outside the Company’s control (including the legal actions of borrowers to protect their interests), an extended period of time could transpire between the commencement of a foreclosure action by the Company and its ultimate receipt of title to the property.

 

When the Company ultimately obtains title to the property through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure, it transfers the property to “foreclosed properties and repossessed assets” on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. In cases in which a borrower has surrendered control of the property to the Company or has otherwise abandoned the property, the Company may transfer the property to foreclosed properties as an “in substance foreclosure” prior to actual receipt of title. Foreclosed properties and repossessed assets are adversely classified in accordance with the Company’s internal risk rating policy.

 

Marketing of foreclosed real estate generally begins after the Company has taken title to the property. The marketing is usually undertaken by a realtor knowledgeable about the particular market. Mortgage insurance claims are filed if the loan had mortgage insurance coverage. The property is marketed after an appraisal is obtained and any mortgage insurance claims are filed.

 

Foreclosed real estate properties are initially recorded at the lower of the recorded investment in the loan or fair value. Thereafter, the Company carries foreclosed real estate at fair value less estimated selling costs (typically 5% to 10%). Foreclosed real estate is inspected periodically to evaluate its condition. Additional outside appraisals are obtained as deemed necessary or appropriate. Additional write-downs may occur if the property value deteriorates further after it is acquired. These additional write-downs are charged to the Company’s results of operations as they occur.

 

In the case of loans secured by assets other than real estate, action to repossess the underlying collateral generally starts when the loan is between the 90th and 120th day of delinquency following review by management. The accounting for repossessed assets is similar to that described for real estate, above.

 

Loan Charge-Offs The Company typically records loan charge-offs when foreclosure or repossession becomes likely or legal proceedings related to such have commenced, the secondary source of repayment (consisting of a guarantor or operating entity) files for bankruptcy, or the loan is otherwise deemed uncollectible. The amount of the charge-off will depend on the fair market value of the underlying collateral, if any, and may be zero if the fair market value exceeds the loan amount. All charge-offs are recorded as a reduction to allowance for loan losses. All charge-off activity is reviewed by the board of directors.

 

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Allowance for Loan Losses As of December 31, 2011, the Company’s allowance for loan losses was $27.9 million or 2.11% of loans receivable and 37.2% of non-performing loans. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio and is based on factors such as the size and current risk characteristics of the portfolio, an assessment of individual problem loans and pools of homogenous loans within the portfolio, and actual loss, delinquency, and/or risk rating experience within the portfolio. The Company also considers current economic conditions and/or events in specific industries and geographical areas, including unemployment levels, trends in real estate values, peer comparisons, and other pertinent factors, including regulatory guidance. Finally, as appropriate, the Company also considers individual borrower circumstances and the condition and fair value of the loan collateral, if any. For additional information relating to the Company’s allowance for loan losses for the periods covered by this report, refer to “Results of Operations—Provision for Loan Losses” and “Financial Condition—Asset Quality” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant management judgment and estimates, including the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on loans, the fair value of underlying collateral (if any), estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans based on historical loss experience, changes in risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, and consideration of current economic trends, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. Higher rates of loan defaults than anticipated would likely result in a need to increase provisions in future years. Also, increases in the Company’s multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and development, and commercial business loan portfolios, could result in a higher allowance for loan losses as these loans typically carry a higher risk of loss. Finally, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination processes, periodically review the Company’s loan and foreclosed real estate portfolios and the related allowance for loan losses and valuation allowance for foreclosed real estate. One or more of these agencies, specifically the OCC, may require the Company to increase the allowance for loan losses or the valuation allowance for foreclosed real estate based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination, thereby adversely affecting the Company’s results of operations. As a result of applying management judgment, it is possible that there may be periods when the amount of the allowance and/or its percentage to total loans or non-performing loans may decrease even though non-performing loans may increase.

 

Periodic adjustments to the allowance for loan loss are recorded through provision for loan losses in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Actual losses on loans are charged off against the allowance for loan losses. In the case of loans secured by real estate, charge-off typically occurs when foreclosure or repossession is likely or legal proceedings related to such have commenced, when the secondary source of repayment (consisting of a guarantor or operating entity) files for bankruptcy, or when the loan is otherwise deemed uncollectible in the judgment of management. Loans not secured by real estate, as well as unsecured loans, are charged off when the loan is determined to be uncollectible in the judgment of management. Recoveries of loan amounts previously charged off are credited to the allowance as received. Management reviews the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses on a monthly basis. The board of directors review management’s judgments related to the allowance for loan loss on at least a quarterly basis.

 

The Company maintains general allowances for loan loss against certain homogenous pools of loans. These pools generally consist of smaller one- to four-family, multi-family, commercial real estate, consumer, and commercial business loans that do not warrant individual review due to their size. In addition, pools may also consist of larger multi-family, commercial real estate, and commercial business loans that have not been individually identified as impaired by management. Certain of these pools, such as the one- to four-family and consumer loan pools, are further segmented according to the nature of the collateral that secures the loans. For example, the consumer loan pool is segmented by collateral type, such as loans secured by real estate, loans secured by automobiles, and loans secured by other collateral. The various loan pools are further segmented by management’s internal risk rating of the loans. Management has developed factors for each pool or segment based on the historical loss experience of each pool or segment, recent delinquency performance, internal risk ratings, and consideration of current economic trends, in order to determine what it believes is an appropriate level for the general allowance. Given the significant amount of management judgment involved in this process there could be significant variation in the Company’s allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses from period to period.

 

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The Company maintains specific allowances for loan loss against individual loans that have been identified by management as impaired. These loans are generally larger loans, but management may also establish specific allowances against smaller loans from time-to-time. The allowance for loan loss established against these loans is based on one of two methods: (1) the present value of the future cash flows expected to be received from the borrower, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or (2) the fair value of the loan collateral, if the loan is considered to be collateral dependent. In the Company’s experience, loss allowances using the first method have been rare. In working with problem borrowers, if the Company cannot develop a repayment plan that substantially complies with the original terms of the loan agreement, the Company’s practice has been to pursue foreclosure or repossession of the underlying collateral. As a matter of practice, the Company does not restructure troubled loans in a manner that results in a loss under the first method. As a result, most loss allowances are established using the second method because the related loans have been deemed collateral dependent by management.

 

Management considers loans to be collateral dependent when, in its judgment, there is no source of repayment for the loan other than the ultimate sale or disposition of the underlying collateral and foreclosure is probable. Factors management considers in making this determination typically include, but are not limited to, the length of time a borrower has been delinquent with respect to loan payments, the nature and extent of the financial or operating difficulties experienced by the borrower, the performance of the underlying collateral, the availability of other sources of cash flow or net worth of the borrower and/or guarantor, and the borrower’s immediate prospects to return the loan to performing status. In some instances, because of the facts and circumstances surrounding a particular loan relationship, there could be an extended period of time between management’s identification of a problem loan and a determination that it is probable that such loan is or will become collateral dependent. Based on recent experience, however, management has noted the length of time has shortened between when a loan is classified as non-performing and when it is considered to be collateral dependent. In management’s view, this development is attributable to the deterioration in commercial real estate markets since 2008. Management believes this is a trend that will continue as long as economic conditions and/or commercial real estate values remain depressed.

 

Management generally measures impairment of impaired loans whether or not foreclosure is probable based on the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral. Such estimates are based on management’s judgment or, when considered appropriate, on an updated appraisal or similar evaluation. Updated appraisals are also typically obtained on or about the time of foreclosure or repossession of the underlying collateral. Prior to receipt of the updated appraisal, management has typically relied on the original appraisal and knowledge of the condition of the collateral, as well as the current market for the collateral, to estimate the Company’s exposure to loss on a impaired loans. In the judgment of management, this practice was acceptable in periods of relative stability in real estate markets. However, as a result of deterioration in commercial real estate markets since 2008, as well as the Company’s recent experience, management believes that as long as economic conditions and/or real estate markets remain depressed updated appraisals will continue to be obtained on impaired loans earlier in the evaluation process than may have been typical during periods of more stable real estate markets.

 

Investment Activities

 

General At December 31, 2011, the Company’s portfolio of securities available-for-sale was $781.8 million or 31.3% of its total assets. The board of directors reviews and approves the Company’s investment policy on an annual basis. Senior officers, as authorized by the board of directors, implement this policy. The board of directors reviews investment activity on a monthly basis.

 

The Company’s investment objectives are to meet liquidity requirements and to generate a favorable return on investments without compromising objectives relating to overall risk exposure, including interest rate risk, credit risk, and investment portfolio concentrations. Federally-chartered savings banks have authority to invest in various types of assets, including U.S. Treasury obligations, securities of various federal agencies, state and municipal obligations, mortgage-related securities, mortgage derivative securities, certain certificates of deposit of insured banks and savings institutions, certain bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements, loans of federal funds, commercial paper, mutual funds, and, subject to certain limits, corporate debt and equity securities. From time-to-time the Company pledges eligible securities as collateral for certain deposit liabilities, FHLB of Chicago advances, and other purposes permitted or required by law.

 

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The Company’s investment policy allows the use of hedging instruments such as financial futures, options, forward commitments, and interest rate swaps, but only with prior approval of the board of directors. Other than forward commitments related to its sale of residential loans in the secondary market, the Company did not have any investment hedging transactions in place at December 31, 2011. The Company’s investment policy prohibits the purchase of non-investment grade bonds, although the Company may continue to hold investments that are reduced to less than investment grade after their purchase. Securities rated less than investment grade are required to be adversely classified as substandard in accordance with federal guidelines (refer to Asset Quality—Internal Ratings and Classified Assets,” above). The Company’s investment policy also prohibits any practice that the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) considers to be an unsuitable investment practice. The Company does not invest in mortgage-related securities secured by subprime loans. The Company classifies securities as trading, held-to-maturity, or available-for-sale at the date of purchase. At December 31, 2011, all of the Company’s investment and mortgage-related securities were classified as available-for-sale. These securities are carried at fair value with the change in fair value recorded as a component of shareholders’ equity rather than affecting the statement of operations.

 

Mortgage-Related Securities At December 31, 2011, the Company’s portfolio of available-for-sale securities consisted entirely of mortgage-related securities. Mortgage-related securities consist principally of mortgage-backed securities (“MBSs”), real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”), and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”). Most of the Company’s mortgage-related securities are directly or indirectly insured or guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”). The remaining securities are private-label CMOs. Private-label CMOs generally carry higher credit risks and higher yields than mortgage-related securities insured or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. Government. For additional discussion related to certain of the Company’s private-label CMOs, refer to “Financial Condition—Securities Available-for-Sale” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Mortgage-related securities generally yield less than the loans that underlie such securities because of the cost of payment guarantees or credit enhancements that reduce credit risk. However, mortgage-related securities are more liquid than individual mortgage loans.

 

In general, mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and Ginnie Mae are weighted at no more than 20% for risk-based capital purposes, compared to the 50% risk weighting assigned to most non-securitized residential mortgage loans. Private-label CMOs are weighted at no more than 100% for risk-based capital purposes, unless such securities are rated less than investment grade, in which case they are weighted 200%. While Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and Ginnie Mae securities carry a reduced credit risk as compared to non-securitized residential mortgage loans and private-label CMOs, they remain subject to the risk of a fluctuating interest rate environment and instability in related markets. Along with other factors, such as the geographic distribution of the underlying mortgage loans, changes in interest rates may alter the prepayment rate of those mortgage loans and affect the value of mortgage-related securities.

 

Investment Securities At December 31, 2011, the Company did not own any investment securities. However, the Company has owned investment securities in prior periods and may purchase investment securities in the future. Investment securities consist principally of U.S. government and federal agency obligations, as well as mutual funds that invest in permissible investments under the Company’s investment policy and applicable laws and regulations.

 

Deposit Liabilities

 

At December 31, 2011, the Company’s deposit liabilities were $2.0 billion or 80.9% of its total liabilities and equity. The Company offers a variety of deposit accounts having a range of interest rates and terms for both retail and business customers. The Company currently offers regular savings accounts (consisting of passbook and statement savings accounts), interest-bearing demand accounts, non-interest-bearing demand accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit. The Company also offers IRA time deposit accounts and health savings accounts. When the Company determines its deposit rates, it considers rates offered by local competitors, benchmark rates on U.S. Treasury securities, and rates on other sources of funds such as FHLB of Chicago advances. For additional information, refer to “Financial Condition—Deposit Liabilities” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Deposit flows are significantly influenced by general and local economic conditions, changes in prevailing interest rates, pricing of deposits, and competition. The Company’s deposits are primarily obtained from the market areas surrounding its bank offices. The Company relies primarily on competitive rates, quality service, and long-standing relationships with customers to attract and retain these deposits. The Company does not rely on a particular customer or related group of individuals, organizations, or institutions for its deposit funding. From time to time the Company has used third-party brokers and a nationally-recognized reciprocal deposit gathering network to obtain wholesale deposits. As of December 31, 2011, the Company did not have any brokered deposits outstanding and had less than $500,000 in reciprocal deposits outstanding.

 

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Borrowings

 

At December 31, 2011, the Company’s borrowed funds were $153.1 million or 6.1% of its total liabilities and equity. The Company borrows funds to finance its lending, investing, operating, and, when active, stock repurchase activities. Substantially all of its borrowings take the form of advances from the FHLB of Chicago and are on terms and conditions generally available to member institutions. The Company’s FHLB of Chicago borrowings typically carry fixed rates of interest, have stated maturities, and are generally subject to significant prepayment penalties if repaid prior to their stated maturity. In addition, certain of the Company’s advances have redemption features that permit the FHLB of Chicago to redeem the advances at its option on a quarterly basis.

 

The Company has pledged one- to four-family mortgage loans and certain multi-family mortgage loans and available-for-sale securities as blanket collateral for current and future advances. For additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding advances from the FHLB of Chicago as of December 31, 2011, refer to “Financial Condition—Borrowings” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Shareholders’ Equity

 

At December 31, 2011, the Company’s shareholders’ equity was $265.8 million or 10.64% of its total liabilities and equity. The Company is not currently required to maintain minimum regulatory capital at the holding company level. However, as specified in the Dodd-Frank Act, the Company will be subject to holding company minimum capital requirements at the consolidated level beginning in July 2015. The Dodd-Frank Act specifies that such regulatory capital requirements are to not be less that the requirements applied to other regulated depository institutions. Although the Company is not currently required to maintain minimum regulatory capital, the Bank is required to maintain specified amounts of regulatory capital pursuant to regulations promulgated by the OCC and the FDIC. The Bank’s objective is to maintain its regulatory capital in an amount sufficient to be classified in the highest regulatory category (i.e., as a “well capitalized” institution). At December 31, 2011, the Bank exceeded all regulatory minimum requirements, as well as the amount required to be classified as a “well capitalized” institution. For additional discussion relating to regulatory capital standards refer to “Regulation and Supervision of the Bank—Regulatory Capital Requirements” and “—Prompt Corrective Action,” below. For additional information related to the Company’s equity and the Bank’s regulatory capital for the periods covered by this report, refer to “Financial Condition—Shareholders’ Equity” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as “Note 8. Shareholders’ Equity” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

The Company has paid quarterly cash dividends since its initial stock offering in 2000. The payment of dividends is discretionary with the Company’s board of directors and depends on the Company’s operating results, financial condition, and other considerations. As a result of a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) entered into by the Company and its primary regulator in May 2011, the payment of dividends by the Company is also subject to the prior written non-objection of the FRB. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is also highly dependent on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Company. The payment of dividends by the Bank is subject to the prior written approval of the OCC and the non-objection of the FRB (the Bank also entered into an MOU with its primary regulator in May 2011). As such, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue the payment of dividends or that the level of dividends will not be reduced in the future. For additional information, refer to “Regulation and Supervision—Memoranda of Understanding” and “Regulation and Supervision of the Bank—Dividend and Other Capital Distribution Limitations,” below.

 

From time to time, the Company has repurchased shares of its common stock, and such repurchases have had the effect of reducing the Company’s capital. However, as with the payment of dividends above, the repurchase of common stock is discretionary with the Company’s board of directors and depends on a variety of factors, including market conditions for the Company’s stock and the financial condition of the Company and the Bank. Furthermore, as required by the MOU, the Company must obtain the prior written non-objection of the FRB prior to repurchasing its common stock. The Company does not have a current stock repurchase program. As a result of the MOU, there can be no assurances as to if or when the Company will be able to resume repurchases of its common stock.

 

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Subsidiaries

 

BancMutual Financial & Insurance Services, Inc. (“BMFIS”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, provides investment, brokerage, and insurance services to the Bank’s customers and the general public. Investment services include tax-deferred and tax-free investments, mutual funds, and government securities. Personal insurance, business insurance, life and disability insurance, mortgage protection products, and investment advisory services are also offered by BMFIS. Certain of BMFIS’s brokerage services are provided through an operating agreement with a third-party, registered broker-dealer.

 

Mutual Investment Corporation (“MIC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, owns and manages investment and mortgage-related securities. First Northern Investment Inc. (“FNII”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, also owns and manages investment and mortgage-related securities, as well a small number of one- to four-family mortgage loans.

 

MC Development LTD (“MC Development”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank, is involved in land development and sales. It owns five parcels of undeveloped land totaling 15 acres in Brown Deer, Wisconsin. In addition, in 2004, MC Development established Arrowood Development LLC with an independent third party to develop approximately 300 acres in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin. In the initial transaction, the third party purchased approximately one-half interest in that land, all of which previously had been owned by MC Development. There are currently no efforts underway to further develop either of these two properties.

 

In addition, the Bank has four wholly-owned subsidiaries that are inactive, but are reserved for possible future use in related or other areas.

 

Employees

 

At December 31, 2011, the Company employed 648 full time and 71 part time associates. Management considers its relations with its associates to be good.

 

Regulation and Supervision

 

General

 

The Company is a Wisconsin corporation and a registered savings and loan holding company under federal law. The Company files reports with and is subject to regulation and examination by the FRB. As a Wisconsin corporation, the Company is subject to the provisions of the Wisconsin Business Corporation Law, and as a public company, it is subject to regulation by the SEC. The Bank is a federally-chartered savings bank and is subject to OCC requirements as well as those of the FDIC. Any change in these laws and regulations, whether by the FRB, the OCC, the FDIC, or through legislation, could have a material adverse impact on the Company, the Bank, and the Company’s shareholders.

 

Certain current laws and regulations applicable to the Company and the Bank, and other material consequences of recent legislation, are summarized below. These summaries do not purport to be complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to such laws, regulations, or administrative considerations.

 

Memoranda of Understanding

 

In May 2011 the Company and the Bank agreed to address certain items identified by the OTS (their former regulator) during a regular examination by entering into separate MOUs with the OTS. An MOU is an agreement between the regulator and a financial institution which requires the institution to exercise reasonable good faith efforts to comply with the requirements of the MOU, but the institution is not subject to direct judicial enforcement under the MOU as it would be under other forms of supervisory actions such as those required in formal consent orders or cease and desist orders. As a result of the elimination of the OTS under the Dodd-Frank Act, the FRB and OCC have since succeeded the OTS as the administrators of the Company and Bank’s MOUs, respectively. Management does not believe that the MOUs have a material adverse impact on the Company or Bank’s operations. However, in addition to other regulatory requirements, under their respective MOUs the Company and the Bank are required to obtain the prior written non-objection of the FRB and, in the Bank’s case, approval of the OCC, prior to declaring or paying cash dividends and, in the case of the Company, prior to repurchasing common shares, or incurring, issuing, increasing, modifying or redeeming any debt or lines of credit. As such, the Company cannot provide any assurances that it will continue to pay dividends to shareholders, that dividend payments to shareholders will not be reduced, or that share repurchases will be resumed in the future. As of the date of this report, management believes the Company and the Bank have met the specific requirements of their respective MOUs.

 

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Financial Services Industry Legislation and Related Actions

 

In response to instability in the U.S. financial system, lawmakers and federal banking agencies have taken various actions intended to stabilize the financial system and housing markets, and to strengthen U.S. financial institutions.

 

Dodd-Frank Act In 2010 Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Act, which significantly changed the U.S. financial institution regulatory structure, as well as the lending, investment, trading, and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies. In July 2011 the Dodd-Frank Act eliminated the OTS and transferred its all functions and authority relating to federal thrifts, such as the Bank, to the OCC. In addition, the FRB acquired supervisory and rule-making authority over all savings and loan holding companies, such as the Company. The Dodd-Frank Act also requires the FRB to apply to savings and loan holding companies the current consolidated leverage and risk-based capital standards that insured depository institutions must follow, which will include capital requirements for the Company effective in July 2015. Further, the Dodd-Frank Act has imposed new disclosure and governance requirements on publicly-held companies, such as the Company.

 

The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau ("CFPB") with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws. The CFPB has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions, such as the Bank. However, institutions with $10 billion or less in assets, such as the Bank, will be examined for CFPB compliance by their applicable bank regulators, rather than the CFPB itself.

 

The Dodd-Frank Act broadened the base for FDIC insurance assessments, which beginning in April 2011 was based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution. Prior to that time insurance assessments had been based on an insured institution’s domestic deposits. The Dodd-Frank Act also permanently increases the maximum amount of deposit insurance for insured institutions to $250,000 per depositor.

 

Many of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act are subject to future rule-making procedures and studies, and the full effects of the Dodd-Frank Act on the Company and/or the Bank cannot yet be determined. The OCC is continuing a complete review of former OTS regulations that it now administers, with a goal of achieving consistency with the OCC's current regulations for national banks. The OCC has already updated certain regulations and pronouncements to apply OCC requirements. These provisions and reviews, or any other aspects of currently-proposed or future regulatory or legislative changes to laws applicable to the financial industry, if enacted or adopted, may impact the profitability of the Company's or the Bank's business activities or change certain of their business practices, including the Bank’s ability to offer new products, obtain financing, attract deposits, make loans, and achieve satisfactory interest spreads, and could expose the Company to additional costs, including increased compliance costs. These changes also may require the Company to invest significant management attention and resources to make any necessary changes to operations in order to comply and could therefore also materially affect the Company's and the Bank's business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

Troubled Assets Relief Program In 2008 Congress established the Troubled Assets Relief Program (“TARP”) in an effort to restore confidence in the nation’s financial markets. As part of TARP, the Department of the Treasury created a voluntary Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”), under which it would purchase senior preferred equity shares of certain qualified financial institutions. It also created a financial stability plan that, among other things, established a Capital Assistance Program (“CAP”) under which financial institutions could undergo comprehensive “stress tests” to evaluate their capital needs and their ability to absorb losses and continue lending. Due to the Company’s level of capitalization and overall financial and operating condition, the Company did not choose to participate in the CPP or the CAP.

 

Regulation and Supervision of the Bank

 

General As a federally-chartered, FDIC-insured savings bank, the Bank is subject to extensive regulation by the OCC and the FDIC. Lending activities and other investments must comply with federal statutory and regulatory requirements. This federal regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which a federal savings bank may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC and depositors rather than the shareholders of the Company. This regulatory structure gives authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies regarding the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves.

 

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The OCC regularly examines the Bank and issues a report on its examination findings to the Bank’s board of directors. The Bank’s relationships with its depositors and borrowers are also regulated by federal law, especially in such matters as the ownership of savings accounts and the form and content of the Bank’s loan documents.

 

The Bank must file reports with the OCC and the FDIC concerning its activities and financial condition, and must obtain regulatory approvals prior to entering into transactions such as mergers or acquisitions.

 

Regulatory Capital Requirements OCC regulations require savings associations such as the Bank to meet three capital standards. The minimum standards are tangible capital equal to at least 1.5% of adjusted total assets, Tier 1 (“core”) capital equal to at least 4% of adjusted total assets (also known as the “leverage ratio”), and total risk-based capital equal to at least 8% of total risk-weighted assets. If a savings association is rated in the OCC’s highest supervisory category, the minimum leverage ratio is reduced to 3%. These capital standards are in addition to the capital standards promulgated by the OCC under its prompt corrective action regulations and standards required by the FDIC, which in some cases are more stringent than the above standards.

 

In the Bank’s case, core capital is equal to tangible capital. Core capital generally consists of common shareholders’ equity, noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus, and minority interests in the equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less goodwill, other intangible assets, and certain deferred tax assets. Supplemental bank capital generally consists of core capital plus the allowance for loan and lease losses (up to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets), cumulative perpetual preferred stock, long-term preferred stock and any related surplus, certain hybrid capital investments, term subordinated debt instruments and related surplus, and up to 45% of the pretax net unrealized holding gains on various instruments and other assets. Supplemental capital may not represent more than 50% of the total capital for the risk-based capital standard.

 

A savings association calculates its risk-weighted assets by multiplying each asset and off-balance sheet item by various risk factors as determined by the OCC, which range from 0% for cash to 100% for delinquent loans, property acquired through foreclosure, commercial loans, and other assets. In addition, certain available-for-sale securities rated less than investment grade are assigned a risk factor of 200%.

  

The Bank’s objective is to maintain its regulatory capital in an amount sufficient to be classified in the highest regulatory category (i.e., as a “well capitalized” institution). At December 31, 2011, the Bank exceeded all regulatory minimum requirements, as well as those required to be classified as a “well capitalized” institution. Management also believes that the Company would have exceeded all regulatory minimum requirements at December 31, 2011, had it been subject to current bank holding company capital requirements as of that date. By 2015, the Company will need to comply with new capital standards to be promulgated for savings association holding companies. For additional information related to the Company’s equity and the Bank’s regulatory capital for the periods covered by this report, refer to “Financial Condition—Shareholders’ Equity” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” as well as “Note 8. Shareholders’ Equity” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

Prompt Corrective Action The FDIC has established a system of prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of undercapitalized insured institutions. The OCC has adopted the FDIC’s regulations governing the supervisory actions that may be taken against undercapitalized institutions. These regulations establish and define five capital categories, in the absence of a specific capital directive, as follows:

 

    Total Risk-Based     Tier 1     Tier 1  
    Capital to Risk     Capital to Risk     Capital to  
Category:   Weighted Assets     Weighted Assets     Total Assets  
Well capitalized   ≥ 10 %   ≥ 6 %   ≥ 5 %
Adequately capitalized   ≥ 8 %   ≥ 4 %   ≥ 4 %(1)
Under capitalized   < 8 %   < 4 %   < 4 %(2)
Significantly undercapitalized   < 6 %   < 3 %   < 3 %
Critically undercapitalized (3)                  

(1) ≥ 3% if the bank receives the highest rating under the uniform system.

(2) < 3% if the bank receives the highest rating under the uniform system.

(3) Tangible assets to capital of equal to or less than 2%.

 

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The severity of the action authorized or required under the prompt corrective action regulations increases as a bank’s capital decreases within the three undercapitalized categories. For example, all savings associations are prohibited from paying dividends or other capital distributions or paying management fees to any controlling person if, following the distribution, the savings association would be undercapitalized. The FDIC and the OCC may restrict the growth of a savings association’s assets. An undercapitalized savings association is required to file a capital restoration plan within 45 days of the date the savings association receives notice that it is within any of the three undercapitalized categories; the plan must be guaranteed by the holding company controlling the savings association. Banks that are significantly or critically undercapitalized are subject to a wider range of regulatory requirements and restrictions.

 

The FDIC has a broad range of grounds under which it may appoint a receiver or conservator for an insured depository institution. If grounds exist for appointing a conservator or receiver, the FDIC may require the institution to issue additional debt or stock, sell assets, be acquired, or combine with another depository institution. The FDIC is also required to appoint a receiver or a conservator for a critically undercapitalized institution within 90 days after it becomes critically undercapitalized or to take other action that would better achieve the purposes of the prompt corrective action provisions. The alternative action can be renewed for successive 90-day periods, but if the institution continues to be critically undercapitalized for a specified period, a receiver generally must be appointed.

 

Dividend and Other Capital Distribution Limitations OCC regulations generally govern capital distributions by savings associations such as the Bank, which distributions include cash dividends, stock repurchases, and certain other transactions charged against the capital account. A savings association must file an application with the OCC for approval of a capital distribution if (i) the total amount of capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceeds the sum of the savings association’s net income for that year to date plus the savings association’s retained net income for the preceding two years; (ii) the savings association would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution; (iii) the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or OCC-imposed condition; or (iv) the savings association is not eligible for expedited treatment of its filings.

 

In addition, even if an application is not required, a savings association must give the OCC notice at least 30 days before the board of directors declares a dividend or approves a capital distribution if (i) the savings association is a subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company (as is the Bank), (ii) the savings association would not be well capitalized following the distribution, or (iii) the proposed distribution would affect capital in certain other ways. In the case of alternative (i), there is an exception: if the subsidiary is filing a notice for a cash dividend and neither an application (discussed above) or a notice (discussed in this paragraph) with the OCC is otherwise required, then the subsidiary need only file an informational copy of such notice with the OCC, in which case the subsidiary dividend to the holding company is subject to the approval or non-objection of the FRB.

 

The OCC may disapprove a notice or application if (i) the savings association would be undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized or critically undercapitalized following the distribution; (ii) the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or (iii) the capital distribution would violate a any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or OCC-imposed condition. The OCC has substantial discretion in making these decisions. Under proposed FRB rules, the FRB may disapprove a dividend for similar reasons.

 

In addition, the Bank is subject to specific approval and non-objection provisions affecting the payment of dividends under its MOU discussed above. For additional discussion related to the Bank and Company’s dividends and the Company’s share repurchases, including the effect of the MOUs on those actions, refer to “Regulation and Supervision - Memoranda of Understanding,” above, and “Financial Condition—Shareholders’ Equity” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.”

 

Qualified Thrift Lender Test Federal savings associations must meet a qualified thrift lender (“QTL”) test or they become subject to operating restrictions. The Bank met the QTL test as of December 31, 2011, and anticipates that it will maintain an appropriate level of mortgage-related investments (which must be at least 65% of portfolio assets) and will otherwise continue to meet the QTL test requirements. Portfolio assets are all assets minus goodwill and other intangible assets, property used by the institution in conducting its business, and liquid assets not exceeding 20% of total assets. Compliance with the QTL test is determined on a monthly basis in nine out of every twelve months.

 

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Liquidity Standards Each federal savings association must maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure its safe and sound operations. Management of the Bank believes it has established policies, procedures, and practices to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet the Bank’s obligations and otherwise ensure its safe and sound operation.

 

Federal Home Loan Bank System The Bank is a member of the FHLB of Chicago, one of twelve regional Federal Home Loan Banks. Each Federal Home Loan Bank serves as a reserve or central bank for its members within its region. It is funded primarily from funds deposited by member financial institutions and proceeds from the sale of consolidated obligations of the Federal Home Loan Bank System. The FHLB of Chicago makes loans (“advances”) to members pursuant to policies and procedures established by its board of directors. The FHLB of Chicago imposes limits on advances made to member banks, including limitations relating to the amount and type of collateral and the amount of advances. The Bank prepaid a significant portion of its outstanding advances from the FHLB of Chicago in December 2010 and incurred a substantial penalty as a result of the prepayment (refer to “Results of Operations—Non-Interest Expense” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” for additional discussion).

 

As a member of the FHLB of Chicago, the Bank must meet certain eligibility requirements and must purchase and maintain common stock in the FHLB of Chicago in an amount equal to the greater of (i) 1% of its mortgage-related assets at the most recent calendar year end, (ii) 5% of its outstanding advances from the FHLB of Chicago, or (iii) $10,000. At December 31, 2011, the Bank owned $46.1 million in FHLB of Chicago common stock, which was $35.8 million more than the Bank would otherwise be required to own under minimum guidelines established by the FHLB of Chicago. From 2007 through 2010 the FHLB of Chicago suspended the payment of dividends on its common stock, as well as the repurchase of common stock from its members, including the Bank. The FHLB of Chicago resumed the payment of quarterly cash dividends in 2011. The original suspension was due to the FHLB of Chicago entering into a memorandum of understanding with its primary regulator the FHFA which, among other things, restricted the dividends that the FHLB of Chicago could pay without prior approval of the FHFA, as well as the stock that it can repurchase from its members.

 

In October 2011 the FHLB of Chicago announced that it received regulatory approval for a plan under which it converted its common stock on January 1, 2012. This conversion had no substantive impact on the ownership rights or privileges of the owners of FHLB of Chicago common stock. Also, in December 2011 the FHLB of Chicago announced it had received approval for a plan to redeem excess shares of its outstanding stock. Under this plan, the FHLB of Chicago redeemed $18.4 million of its common stock from the Bank in February 2012. The FHLB of Chicago has announced its intent to redeem additional excess shares of its common stock in quarterly increments through 2013. However, the timing and amount these redemptions, if any, depend on many factors that are outside of the control of the Company or the FHLB of Chicago. As such, there can be no assurances that the FHLB of Chicago will be able to redeem additional excess shares of its common stock. For additional discussion related to the Bank’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB of Chicago, refer to “Financial Condition—Other Assets” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

Deposit Insurance The deposit accounts held by customers of the Bank are insured by the FDIC up to maximum limits, as provided by law. Insurance on deposits may be terminated by the FDIC if it finds that the Bank has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC or the OCC. The management of the Bank does not know of any practice, condition, or violation that might lead to termination of the Bank’s deposit insurance.

 

The FDIC sets deposit insurance premiums based upon the risks a particular bank or savings association poses to its deposit insurance funds. Under the risk-based assessment system, the FDIC assigns an institution to one of three capital categorizations based on the institution’s financial information. With respect to these three categorizations, institutions are classified as well capitalized, adequately capitalized or undercapitalized using ratios that are substantially similar to the prompt corrective action capital ratios discussed above. The FDIC also assigns an institution to one of three supervisory sub-categorizations within each capital group. This assignment is based on a supervisory evaluation provided by the institution’s primary federal regulator and information that the FDIC determines to be relevant to the institution’s financial condition and the risk posed to the deposit insurance fund.

 

An institution’s assessment rate depends on the capital categorizations and supervisory sub-categorizations to which it is assigned. Under the risk-based assessment system, there are then four assessment risk categories to which different assessment rates are applied (refer to the next paragraph for a description of these assessment rates). Any increase in insurance assessments could have an adverse effect on the earnings of insured institutions, including the Bank.

 

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Effective in April 2011 the FDIC implemented a final rule as required by the Dodd-Frank Act that changed the definition of a financial institution’s deposit insurance assessment base and revises the deposit insurance risk-based assessment rate schedule, among other things. Under the new rule the assessment base changed from an insured institution’s domestic deposits (minus certain allowable exclusions) to an insured institution’s average consolidated total assets minus average tangible equity and certain other adjustments. In addition, the assessment rates were established in a range of 2.5 to 45 basis points, depending on the institution’s capital category and supervisor sub-category, as previously described. For additional discussion, refer to “Results of Operations—Non-Interest Expense” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

In 2009 the FDIC imposed a one-time special assessment against insured financial institutions in order to bolster its insurance reserves. For additional discussion, refer to “Results of Operations—Non-Interest Expense” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” In 2009 the FDIC also required insured institutions to prepay their estimated quarterly deposit insurance assessments through 2012. Accordingly, in 2009 the Company prepaid $12.5 million in deposit insurance premiums related to the years 2010 to 2012. This prepaid amount was $5.7 million as of December 31, 2011, and was recorded as a component of other assets in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. This amount will be continue to be charged to expense in future periods as the Company receives quarterly statements for FDIC deposit insurance assessments.

 

In 2008 the FDIC created the Transaction Account Guarantee Program (“TAGP”), which provided participating banks with full deposit insurance coverage for non-interest-bearing transaction deposit accounts, regardless of dollar amount through December 31, 2011. The Dodd-Frank Act subsequently extended this insurance coverage on a broader basis through December 31, 2012. As such, the Bank’s non-interest-bearing transaction deposit accounts are fully-insured under this program, which has not had and is not expected to have a material impact on the deposit insurance premiums paid by the Bank.

 

Transactions With Affiliates Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act govern transactions between an insured federal savings association, such as the Bank, and any of its affiliates, such as the Company. FRB Regulation W comprehensively implements and interprets Sections 23A and 23B.

 

An affiliate is any company or entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with it. A subsidiary of a savings association that is not also a depository institution or a “financial subsidiary” is not treated as an affiliate; however, the OCC may treat subsidiaries as affiliates on a case-by-case basis. Sections 23A and 23B limit the extent to which an institution or a subsidiary may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of such savings association’s capital stock and surplus, and limit all such transactions with all affiliates to 20% of such stock and surplus. All such transactions must be on terms that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans, purchase of assets, issuance of guarantees and other similar types of transactions. In addition, the Dodd-Frank Act expanded covered transactions to include derivatives transactions and securities borrowing and lending transactions to the extent that they result in credit exposure to an affiliate. Further, most loans by a savings association to any of its affiliates must be secured by specified collateral amounts. In addition, any covered transaction by a savings association with an affiliate and any purchase of assets or services by an savings association from an affiliate must be on terms that are at least as favorable to the savings association as those that would be provided to a non-affiliate. At December 31, 2011, the Company and Bank did not have any covered transactions.

 

Acquisitions and Mergers Under the federal Bank Merger Act, any merger of the Bank with or into another institution would require the approval of the OCC, or the primary federal regulator of the resulting entity if it is not an OCC-regulated institution. Refer also to “Regulation and Supervision of the Company—Acquisition of Bank Mutual Corporation,” below.

 

Prohibitions Against Tying Arrangements Savings associations are subject to the prohibitions of 12 U.S.C. Section 1972 on certain tying arrangements. A savings association is prohibited, subject to exceptions, from extending credit to or offering any other service, or fixing or varying the consideration for such credit or service, on the condition that the customer obtain some additional service from the institution or its affiliates or not obtain services of a competitor.

 

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Uniform Real Estate Lending Standards The federal banking agencies adopted uniform regulations prescribing standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens on interests in real estate or made for the purpose of financing the construction of a building or other improvements to real estate. Under the joint regulations, all insured depository institutions must adopt and maintain written policies that establish appropriate limits and standards for such extensions of credit. These policies must establish loan portfolio diversification standards, prudent underwriting standards that are clear and measurable, loan administration procedures, and documentation, approval and reporting requirements. These lending policies must reflect consideration of the Interagency Guidelines for Real Estate Lending Policies that have been adopted by the federal bank regulators.

 

The Interagency Guidelines, among other things, require a depository institution to establish internal loan-to-value limits for real estate loans that are not in excess of the following supervisory limits:

 

for loans secured by raw land, the supervisory loan-to-value limit is 65% of the value of the collateral;

 

for land development loans (i.e., loans for the purpose of improving unimproved property prior to the erection of structures), 75%;

 

for loans for the construction of commercial, multi-family or other non-residential property, 80%;

 

for loans for the construction of one- to four-family properties, 85%; and

 

for loans secured by other improved property (e.g., farmland, completed commercial property and other income-producing property, including non-owner occupied, one- to four-family property), 85%.

 

Although there is no supervisory loan-to-value limit for owner-occupied one- to four-family and home equity loans, the Interagency Guidelines provide that an institution should require credit enhancement in the form of mortgage insurance or readily marketable collateral for any such loan with a loan-to-value ratio that equals or exceeds 90% at origination, including an update that provided additional clarification as to expectations for prudent appraisal and evaluation policies, procedures, and practices in light of the Dodd-Frank Act and other federal statutory changes affecting appraisals.

 

Community Reinvestment Act Under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”), any insured depository institution, including the Bank, must, consistent with its safe and sound operation, help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. The CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or programs nor does it limit an institution’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community. The CRA requires the OCC to assess the institution’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain applications by such institution, including applications for additional branches and acquisitions.

 

Among other things, the CRA regulations contain an evaluation system that rates an institution based on its actual performance in meeting community needs. In particular, the evaluation system focuses on three tests:

 

a lending test, to evaluate the institution’s record of making loans in its service areas;

 

an investment test, to evaluate the institution’s record of making community development investments; and

 

a service test, to evaluate the institution’s delivery of services through its branches, ATMs and other offices.

 

The CRA requires the OCC, in the case of the Bank, to provide a written evaluation of a savings association’s CRA performance utilizing a four-tiered descriptive rating system and requires public disclosure of the CRA rating. The Bank received a “satisfactory” overall rating in its most recent CRA examination.

 

Safety and Soundness Standards Each federal banking agency, including the OCC, has guidelines establishing general standards relating to internal controls, information and internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, customer privacy, liquidity, earnings, and compensation and benefits. The guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risks and exposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines also prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice.

 

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Loans to Insiders A savings association’s loans to its executive officers, directors, any owner of more than 10% of its stock (each, “an insider”) and certain entities affiliated with any such person (an insider’s “related interest”) are subject to the conditions and limitations imposed by Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and the FRB’s Regulation O thereunder. Under these restrictions, the aggregate amount of the loans to any insider and the insider’s related interests may not exceed the loans-to-one-borrower limit applicable to national banks (comparable to the limit applicable to the Bank’s loans). All loans by a savings association to all insiders and related interests in the aggregate may not exceed the savings association’s unimpaired capital and surplus. With certain exceptions, loans to an executive officer (other than loans for the education of the officer’s children and certain loans secured by the officer’s residence) may not exceed the greater of $25,000 or 2.5% of the savings association’s unimpaired capital and surplus, but in no event more than $100,000. Regulation O also requires that any proposed loan to an insider or a related interest be approved in advance by a majority of the board of directors of the savings association, without the vote of any interested director, if such loan, when aggregated with any existing loans to that insider and the insider’s related interests, would exceed either $500,000 or the greater of $25,000 or 5% of the savings association’s unimpaired capital and surplus. Generally, such loans must be made on substantially the same terms as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are no less stringent than, those that are prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and must not present more than a normal risk of collectability. There is an exception for extensions of credit pursuant to a benefit or compensation plan of a savings association that is widely available to employees that does not give preference to officers, directors, and other insiders. As of December 31, 2011, total loans to insiders were $739,000 (including $362,000 which relates to residential mortgages that have been sold in the secondary market).

 

The Patriot Act The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the “Patriot Act”) gives the federal government powers to address terrorist threats through enhanced domestic security measures and surveillance powers, increased information sharing, and broadened anti-money laundering requirements. Title III of the Patriot Act encourages information sharing among regulatory agencies and law enforcement bodies and imposes affirmative obligations on a range of financial institutions, including savings associations. Title III’s provisions affecting financial institutions include requirements related to: anti-money laundering programs; minimum standards with respect to customer identification; controls on and policies relating to private banking accounts or correspondent accounts in the United States for non-United States persons or their representatives (including foreign individuals visiting the United States); limits on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks; and recordkeeping obligations relating to foreign bank correspondent accounts. Bank regulators are directed to consider a holding company’s effectiveness in combating money laundering when ruling on Federal Reserve Act and bank merger applications.

 

Regulation and Supervision of the Company

 

Holding Company Regulation The Company is a registered savings and loan holding company under federal law and is now subject to regulation, supervision, and enforcement actions by the FRB as a result of a change in regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act. Among other things, this authority permits the FRB to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a risk to the Bank and to monitor and regulate the Company’s capital and activities such as dividends and share repurchases that can affect capital. Under long-standing FRB policy, holding companies are expected to serve as a source of strength for their depository subsidiaries, and may be called upon to commit financial resources and support to those subsidiaries. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the FRB is also required to impose capital requirements on savings and loan holding company effective in 2015, as discussed above. The Company is also required to file periodic reports and other information with the FRB.

 

The Company may engage in activities permissible for a savings and loan holding company, a bank holding company, or a financial holding company, which generally encompass a wider range of activities that are financial in nature. The Company may not engage in any activities beyond that scope without the approval of the FRB.

 

Federal law prohibits a savings and loan holding company from acquiring control of another savings institution or holding company without prior written regulatory approval. With some exceptions, it also prohibits the acquisition or retention of more than 5% of the equity securities of a company engaged in activities that are not closely related to banking or financial in nature or acquiring an institution that is not federally-insured. In evaluating applications to acquire savings institutions, the regulator must consider the financial and managerial resources, future prospects of the institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the insurance fund, the convenience and needs of the community and competitive factors.

 

The requirement that the Company act as a source of strength for the Bank, and the future capital requirements at the Company level, may affect the Company's ability to pay dividends or make other distributions. For a discussion of the Company’s MOU with the FRB, which provides requirements relating to dividends and share repurchases specific to the Company, please refer to "Regulation and Supervision—Memoranda of Understanding" above.

 

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Federal Securities Laws The Company’s common stock is registered with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company is therefore subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act. As a publicly-traded company, the Company is also subject to legislation intended to strengthen the securities markets and public confidence in them; for example, the Dodd-Frank Act includes requirements for enhanced disclosure and governance requirements for all public companies. Because some FRB accounting and governance regulations also refer to the SEC’s regulations, the SEC rules may also affect the Bank.

 

Acquisition of Bank Mutual Corporation No person may acquire control of the Company (or the Bank) without first obtaining the approval of such acquisition by the appropriate federal regulator. Currently, under the federal Change in Bank Control Act and the Savings and Loan Holding Company Act, any person, including a company, or group acting in concert, seeking to acquire 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Company must, depending on the circumstances, obtain the approval of, and/or file a notice with the FRB. In addition, any person or group acting in concert seeking to acquire more than 25% of the Company’s common stock must obtain the prior approval of the FRB.

 

Federal and State Taxation

 

Federal Taxation The Company and its subsidiaries file a calendar year consolidated federal income tax return, reporting income and expenses using the accrual method of accounting. The federal income tax returns for the Company’s subsidiaries have been examined and audited or closed without audit by the Internal Revenue Service for tax years prior to 2007.

 

State Taxation Prior to 2009, the state of Wisconsin imposed a corporate franchise tax of 7.9% on the separate taxable incomes of the members of the Company’s consolidated income tax group, excluding its Nevada subsidiaries. Under that law, the income of the Nevada subsidiaries was only subject to taxation in Nevada, which currently does not impose a corporate income or franchise tax. However, beginning in 2009, Wisconsin law was amended to significantly restrict the tax benefits of out-of-state investment subsidiaries through the enactment of combined reporting legislation. As a result, the Company’s consolidated income tax group is subject to combined reporting, which resulted in Wisconsin income taxes being imposed on the earnings of the Bank’s out-of-state investment subsidiaries since 2009. For additional discussion regarding the impact of this change, refer to “Results of Operations—Income Tax Expense (Benefit)” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Also, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” for additional discussion.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

In addition to the discussion and analysis set forth in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and the cautionary statements set forth in “Item 1. Business,” the following risk factors should be considered when evaluating the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, and outlook. These risk factors should also be considered when evaluating any investment decision with respect to the Company’s common stock.

 

The Global Credit Market Instability and Weak Economic Conditions May Significantly Affect the Company’s Liquidity, Financial Condition, and Results of Operations

 

Global financial markets continue to be unstable and unpredictable, and economic conditions have been weak. Developments relating to the federal budget, federal borrowing authority, or other political issues could also negatively impact these markets, as could global developments such as the European sovereign debt crisis. Continued, and potentially increased, volatility, instability and weakness could affect the Company’s ability to sell investment securities and other financial assets, which in turn could adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and financial position. This instability also could affect the prices at which the Company could make any such sales, which could adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition. Conditions could also negatively affect the Company’s ability to secure funds or raise capital for acquisitions and other projects, which in turn, could cause the Company to use deposits or other funding sources for such projects.

 

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In addition, the instability of the markets and weakness of the economy could affect the strength of the Company’s customers or counterparties, their willingness to do business with, and/or their ability or willingness to fulfill their obligations to the Company, which could further affect the Company’s results of operations. Current conditions, including high unemployment, weak corporate performance, soft real estate markets, and the decline of home sales and property values, could negatively affect the volume of loan originations and prepayments, the value of the real estate securing the Company’s mortgage loans, and borrowers’ ability or willingness to repay loan obligations, all of which could adversely impact the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

 

The Company’s Actual Loan Losses May Exceed its Allowance for Loan Losses, Which Could Have a Material Adverse Affect on the Company’s Results of Operations

 

The Company has policies and procedures in place to manage its exposure to risk related to its lending operations. However, despite these practices, the Company’s loan customers may not repay their loans according to the terms of the loans and the collateral securing the payment of these loans may be insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance. Continued economic weakness, including high unemployment rates and declining values of the collateral underlying loans, may affect borrowers’ ability or willingness to repay their loan obligations that could lead to increased loan losses or provisions. As a result, the Company may experience significant loan losses, including losses that may exceed the amounts established in the allowance for loan losses, which could have a material adverse effect on its operating results and capital.

  

Further Declines in Real Estate Values May Continue to Adversely Affect Collateral Values and the Company’s Results of Operations

 

The Company’s market areas have generally experienced a decline in real estate values, elevated levels of residential and non-residential tenant vacancies, and weakness in the market for sale of new or existing properties, for both commercial and residential real estate. These developments could continue to negatively affect the value of the collateral securing the Company’s mortgage and related loans. That decrease in value could in turn lead to increased losses on loans in the event of foreclosures. Increased losses would affect the Company’s loan loss allowance and may cause it to increase its provision for loan losses resulting in a charge to earnings and capital.

 

Some of the Company’s Lending Activities Are Riskier than One- to Four-Family Real Estate Loans

 

The Company has identified commercial real estate, commercial business, construction, and consumer loans as areas for lending emphasis and has augmented its personnel in recent periods to increase its penetration in the commercial lending market. While the Company is pursuing this lending diversification for the purpose of increasing net interest income, these types of loans historically have carried greater risk of payment default than residential real estate loans. As the volume of these types of loans increases, credit risk increases. In the event of continued substantial borrower defaults and/or increased defaults resulting from these diverse types of lending, the Company’s provision for loan losses would further increase and loans may be written off, and therefore, earnings would be reduced.

 

Further, as the portion of the Company's loans secured by the assets of commercial enterprises increases, the Company becomes increasingly exposed to environmental liabilities and compliance burdens. Even though the Company is subject to environmental requirements in connection with residential real estate lending, the possibility of liability increases in connection with commercial lending, particularly in industries that use hazardous materials and/or generate waste or pollution or that own property that was the subject of prior contamination. If the Company does not adequately assess potential environment risks, the value of the collateral it holds may be less than it expects, and it may be exposed to liability for remediation or other environmental compliance.

  

Regulators Are Becoming Increasingly Stringent, which may Affect the Company's Business and Results of Operations

 

In addition to new laws and increasing amounts of regulation, the regulatory climate in the U.S., particularly for financial institutions, has become increasingly strict and stringent. As a consequence, regulatory activity affecting specific institutions has also increased in recent periods. For example, as previously noted both the Company and the Bank are subject to MOUs with their primary regulators. The MOUs have imposed specific requirements, and could affect the Company's and the Bank's operations and ability to pursue opportunities, as well as their financial needs, results and ability to pay dividends. Further, because the responsibility for regulating savings associations and their holding companies has transitioned to different regulatory agencies, the FRB and the OCC, these agencies may approach that regulation in different or stricter ways than the predecessor agency, which also could affect the Company's and the Bank's costs of compliance and results of operations.

 

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The Bank’s Ability to Pay Dividends to the Company Is Subject to Current and Potential Future Limitations That May Affect the Company’s Ability to Pay Dividends to Its Shareholders and Repurchase Its Stock

 

The Company is a separate legal entity from the Bank and engages in no substantial activities other than its ownership of the common stock of the Bank. Consequently, the Company’s net income and cash flows are derived primarily from the Bank’s operations and capital distributions. The availability of dividends from the Bank to the Company is limited by various statutes and regulations, including those of the OCC and FRB; as a result, it is possible, depending on the results of operations and the financial condition of the Bank and other factors, that the OCC and/or the FRB could restrict the payment by the Bank of dividends or other capital distributions or take other actions which could negatively affect the Bank's results and dividend capacity. The federal regulators have become increasingly stringent in their interpretation, application and enforcement of banks' capital requirements, which along with the MOU also could affect the regulators’ willingness to allow Bank dividends to the Company. If the Bank is required to reduce its dividends to the Company, or is unable to pay dividends at all, or the FRB separately does not allow the Company to pay dividends under the MOU, the Company may not be able to pay dividends to its shareholders at existing levels or at all and/or may not be able to repurchase its common stock.

 

Future Events May Result in a Valuation Allowance Against the Company’s Deferred Tax Asset May Which May have a Significant Effect On the Company’s Results of Operations and Financial Condition

 

As of December 31, 2011, the Company’s net deferred tax asset was $37.5 million. Management evaluates this asset on an on-going basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Management determined that no valuation allowance was required to be recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2011. This determination required significant management judgment based on positive and negative considerations. Such considerations included the Company’s cumulative three-year net loss, the nature of the components of such cumulative loss, recent trends in earnings excluding one-time charges (such as the FHLB prepayment penalty in 2010 and the goodwill impairment in 2011), expectations for the Company’s future earnings, the duration of federal and state net operating loss carryforward periods, and other factors. Future events or circumstances could result in conditions that differ significantly from management’s current assessment of these positive and negative considerations, particularly as such relate to the Company’s future earnings. Changes in these considerations could result in a significant valuation allowance being recorded against the Company’s net deferred tax asset, which could have a significant effect on the Company’s future results of operations and financial condition.

 

Recent and Future Legislation and Rulemaking in Response to Market and Economic Conditions May Significantly Affect the Company’s Results of Operations and Financial Condition

 

Instability, volatility, and failures in the credit and financial institutions markets have led regulators and legislators to consider and/or adopt proposals that will significantly affect financial institutions and their holding companies, including the Company. Legislation such as the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010, as well as programs such as the Troubled Assets Relief Program, were adopted. Although designed to address capital and liquidity issues in the banking system, there can be no assurance as to the ultimate impact of these actions on financial markets. The failure of these actions could have a material, adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, access to credit or the value of the Company’s securities. Further legislative and regulatory proposals to reform the U.S. financial system would also affect the Company and the Bank. For example, under pending proposals, the roles of Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac could be substantially altered or eliminated, which could have a significant effect on the housing market in the United States, including as a result of potentially decreased liquidity for mortgages on the secondary market, and lending practices related to real estate mortgages.

 

The Dodd-Frank Act created the CFPB, which has broad rulemaking and enforcement authority with respect to entities, including financial institutions, that offer to consumers covered financial products and services. The CFPB is required to adopt rules identifying practices or acts that are unfair, deceptive or abusive relating to any customer transaction for a consumer financial product or service, or the offering of a consumer financial product or service. The full scope of the impact of this authority has not yet been determined as related rules have not all yet been adopted. The Company cannot yet determine the costs and limitations related to these additional regulatory requirements; however, the costs of compliance and the effect on its business may have a material adverse effect on the Company's operations and results.

 

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Also, weak economic conditions have resulted in periodic attempts by federal, state, and/or local governments to legislate foreclosure forbearance, forced loan modifications, “cram downs” of losses to lenders in bankruptcy proceedings, or “upkeep laws” for foreclosed properties, or take other action that could increase the time or costs of foreclosure or the costs of holding foreclosed real estate. Such actions and efforts, if successful, could lead to increased loan charge-offs or loan loss provisions and/or reduced income. These efforts could also adversely affect the value of certain mortgage-related securities not guaranteed by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and Ginnie Mae, such as private-label CMOs.

 

Recently enacted laws, proposed acts, taxes and fees, or any other legislation or regulations ultimately enacted, could materially affect the Company, the Bank and their operations and profitability by imposing additional regulatory burdens and costs, imposing limits on fees and other sources of income, and otherwise more generally affecting the conduct of their business.

 

The Interest Rate Environment May Have an Adverse Impact on the Company’s Net Interest Income

 

A volatile interest rate environment makes it difficult for the Company to coordinate the timing and amount of changes in the rates of interest it pays on deposits and borrowings with the rates of interest it earns on loans and securities. In addition, volatile interest rate environments cause corresponding volatility in the demand by individuals and businesses for the loan and deposit products offered by the Company. This volatility has a direct impact on the Company’s net interest income, and consequently, its net income. Future interest rates could continue to be volatile and management is unable to predict the impact such volatility would have on the net interest income and profits of the Company.

 

Changes in Market Interest Rates or Other Conditions May Have an Adverse Impact on the Fair Value of the Company’s Available-for-Sale Securities, Shareholders’ Equity, and Profits

 

GAAP requires the Company to carry its securities at fair value on its balance sheet. Unrealized gains or losses on these securities, reflecting the difference between the fair market value and the amortized cost, net of its tax effect, are included as a component of shareholders’ equity. When market rates of interest increase, the fair value of the Company’s securities available-for-sale generally decreases and equity correspondingly decreases. When rates decrease, fair value generally increases and shareholders’ equity correspondingly increases. However, due to significant disruptions in global financial markets, such as those which occurred in 2008, this usual relationship can be disrupted. Despite a generally declining interest rate environment since that time, certain of the Company’s available-for-sale securities (specifically, its private-label CMOs) continue to have fair values that are substantially less than amortized cost. Management expects continued volatility in the fair value of its private-label CMOs and is not able to predict when or if the fair value of such securities will fully recover.

 

Wisconsin Tax Developments Could Reduce the Company’s Net Income

 

Like many Wisconsin financial institutions, the Company has non-Wisconsin subsidiaries that hold and manage investment assets and loans, the income from which had not previously been subject to Wisconsin tax prior to 2009. The Wisconsin Department of Revenue (the “Department”) has instituted an audit program specifically aimed at financial institutions’ out-of-state investment subsidiaries. The Department has asserted the position that some or all of the income of the out-of-state subsidiaries in years prior to 2009 was taxable in Wisconsin. In 2010 the Department’s auditor issued a Notice of Proposed Audit Report to the Bank which proposes to tax all of the income of the Bank’s out-of-state investment subsidiaries for all periods that are still open under the statute of limitations, which includes tax years back to 1997. This is a preliminary determination made by the auditor and does not represent a formal assessment. The Bank’s outside legal counsel has met with representatives of the Department to discuss, and object to, the auditor’s proposed adjustments. The Department has requested further information to support the Company’s position, which the Company is in the process of providing.

 

Management continues to believe that the Bank has reported income and paid Wisconsin taxes in prior periods in accordance with applicable legal requirements and the Department’s long-standing interpretations of them and that the Bank’s position will prevail in discussions with the Department, court proceedings, or other actions that may occur. Ultimately, however, an adverse resolution of these matters could result in additional Wisconsin tax obligations for prior periods, which could have a substantial negative impact on the Bank’s earnings in the period such resolution is reached. The Bank may also incur further costs in the future to address and defend these issues.

 

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Strong Competition Within the Company’s Market Area May Affect Net Income

 

The Company encounters strong competition both in attracting deposits and originating real estate and other loans. The Company competes with commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms. The Company’s market area includes branches of several commercial banks that are substantially larger than the Company in terms of deposits and loans. In addition, tax-exempt credit unions operate in most of the Company’s market area and aggressively price their products and services to a large part of the population. If competitors succeed in attracting business from the Company’s customers, its deposits and loans could be reduced, which would likely affect earnings.

 

The Company Is Subject to Security Risks and Failures and Operational Risks Relating to the Use of Technology that Could Damage Its Reputation and Business

 

Security breaches in the Company’s internet, telephonic, or other electronic banking activities could expose it to possible liability and damage its reputation. Any compromise of the Company’s security also could deter customers from using its internet banking services that involve the transmission of confidential information. The Company relies on standard internet and other security systems to provide the security and authentication necessary to effect secure transmission of data. These precautions may not protect the Company’s systems from compromises or breaches of its security measures, which could result in damage to the Company’s reputation and business and affect its results of operations.

 

Additionally, as a financial institution, the Company’s business is data intensive. Beyond the inherent nature of a financial institution that requires it to process and track extremely large numbers of financial transactions and accounts, the Company is required to collect and maintain significant data about its customers. These operations require the Company to obtain and maintain technology and security-related systems that are mission critical to its business. The Company’s failure to do so could significantly affect its ability to conduct business and its customers' confidence in it. Further, the Company outsources a large portion of its data processing to third parties. If these third party providers encounter technological or other difficulties or if they have difficulty in communicating with the Company, it will significantly affect the Company’s ability to adequately process and account for customer transactions, which would significantly affect business operations.

 

Further, the technology affecting the financial institutions industry and consumer financial transactions is rapidly changing, with the frequent introduction of new products, services, and alternatives. The future success of the Company requires that it continue to adapt to these changes in technology to address its customers' needs. Many of the Company's competitors have greater technological resources to invest in these improvements. These changes could be costly to the Company and if the Company does not continue to offer the services and technology demanded by the marketplace, this failure to keep pace with change could materially affect its business, financial condition, and results of operation.

 

Developments in the Marketplace, Such as Alternatives to Traditional Financial Institutions, or Adverse Publicity Could Affect the Company's Ongoing Business

 

Changes in the marketplace are allowing consumer to use alternative means to complete financial transactions that previously had been conducted through banks. For example, consumers can increasingly maintain funds in accounts other than bank deposits or through on-line alternatives, or complete payment transactions without the assistance of banks. Continuation or acceleration of these trends, including newly developing means of communications and technology, could cause consumers to utilize fewer of the Company's services, which could have a material adverse affect on its results.

 

Financial institutions such as the Company are increasingly under governmental, media and other scrutiny as to the conduct of their businesses, and potential issues and adverse developments (real and perceived) are receiving widespread media attention. If there were to be significant adverse publicity about the Company, that publicity could affect its reputation in the marketplace. If the Company's reputation is diminished, it could affect its business and results of operations as well as the price of the Company's common stock.

 

Future FDIC Increases in Deposit Insurance Premiums Could Increase the Company’s Expenses

 

In 2009 the FDIC significantly increased the initial base assessment rates paid by financial institutions for deposit insurance, imposed a special assessment, and required financial institutions to prepay assessments for all of 2010, 2011, and 2012. These measures were partly in response to the high level of bank failures which has caused an increase in FDIC resolution costs and a reduction in the deposit insurance fund. Effective in April 2011 the FDIC issued a new rule that changed the assessment base and risk-based assessment rates of all insured financial institutions. Although this latest development benefited the Company by lowering the total dollar amount of its FDIC deposit insurance premiums, future changes in the assessment base and/or rates, if any, may have an adverse affect the earnings of the Company.

 

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Changes in the Financial Condition or Future Prospects of the FHLB of Chicago May Have an Adverse Impact on the Company’s Investment in FHLB Common Stock

 

The Company is a voluntary member of the FHLB of Chicago, and holds shares in the FHLB of Chicago as a condition of borrowing money from it. From 2007 through early 2010, the FHLB of Chicago was required to suspend payment of dividends on its stock, although it resumed payment of a cash dividend in 2011 and reorganized its capital structure effective in January 2012. Also, in December 2011 the FHLB of Chicago announced it had received approval for a plan to redeem excess shares of its outstanding common stock. Under this plan the FHLB of Chicago redeemed a substantial portion of its common stock in February 2012 and intends to redeem additional excess common stock in quarterly increments through 2013, although there can be no assurances. If there are any developments in the future that impair the value of the common stock of the FHLB of Chicago, the Company would be required to write down the value of the shares that it holds, which in turn could affect the Company’s net income and shareholders’ equity.

 

The Company’s Ability to Grow May Be Limited if It Cannot Make Acquisitions

 

The Company will continue to seek to expand its banking franchise by growing internally, acquiring other financial institutions or branches, acquiring other financial services providers, and opening new offices. The Company’s ability to grow through selective acquisitions of other financial institutions or branches will depend on successfully identifying, acquiring, and integrating those institution or branches. The Company has not made any acquisitions in recent years, as management has not identified acquisitions for which it was able to reach an agreement on terms management believed were appropriate and/or that met its acquisition criteria. The Company cannot provide any assurance that it will be able to generate internal growth, identify attractive acquisition candidates, make acquisitions on favorable terms, or successfully integrate any acquired institutions or branches.

  

The Company Depends on Certain Key Personnel and the Company’s Business Could Be Harmed by the Loss of Their Services or the Inability to Attract Other Qualified Personnel

 

The Company’s success depends in large part on the continued service and availability of its management team, and on its ability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel. The management team was recently augmented to attempt to increase the Company's penetration into the commercial lending market. The Company may need to attract further talent in the future. The competition for these individuals can be significant, and the loss of key personnel could harm the Company’s business. The Company cannot provide assurances that it will be able to retain existing key personnel or attract additional qualified personnel.

 

If the Company is Unable to Maintain Effective Internal Control Over Its Financial Reporting, Investors Could Lose Confidence in the Reliability of Its Financial Statements, Which Could Result in a Reduction in the Value of Its Common Stock

 

Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, public companies must include a report of management regarding companies' control over financial reporting in their annual reports and that report must contain an assessment by management of the effectiveness of the companies' internal control over financial reporting. In addition, the independent registered public accounting firm that audits a company's financial statements must attest to and report on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

If the Company is unable to maintain the required effective internal control over financial reporting, including in connection with regulatory changes and/or changes in accounting rules and standards that apply to it, this could lead to a failure to meet its reporting obligations to the SEC. Such a failure in turn could result in an adverse reaction to the Company in the marketplace or a decline in value of the Company's common stock, due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of the Company's financial statements.

 

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Item 1B.        Unresolved Staff Comments

 

None.

 

Item 2.    Properties

 

The Company and its subsidiaries conduct their business through an executive office and 79 banking offices, which had an aggregate net book value of $48.2 million as of December 31, 2011, excluding furniture, fixtures, and equipment. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned the building and land for 69 of its property locations and leased the space for 11.

 

The Company also owns 15 acres of undeveloped land in a suburb of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, through its MC Development subsidiary, as well as approximately 300 acres of undeveloped land in another community located near Milwaukee through MC Development’s 50% ownership in Arrowood Development LLC. The net book value of these parcels of land was $5.5 million at December 31, 2011.

 

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

 

The Company is not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that these routine legal proceedings, in the aggregate, are immaterial to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. Refer also to “Item 1A. Risk Factors—Wisconsin Tax Developments Could Reduce the Company’s Net Income” regarding certain Wisconsin income tax developments.

 

Item 4.     Mine Safety Disclosures

 

Not applicable.

 

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Part II

 

Item 5.Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters’ and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

 

The common stock of the Company is traded on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol BKMU.

 

As of February 24, 2012, there were 46,326,484 shares of common stock outstanding and approximately 4,800 shareholders of record.

 

The Company paid a total cash dividend of $0.06 per share in 2011. A cash dividend of $0.01 per share was paid on March 1, 2012, to shareholders of record on February 17, 2012. For additional discussion relating to the Company’s dividends, refer to “Financial Condition—Shareholders’ Equity” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The payment of dividends in the future is discretionary with the Company’s board of directors and will depend on the Company’s operating results, financial condition, and other considerations. Furthermore, the payment of dividends is also subject to the non-objection or approval of the FRB. Interest on deposits will be paid prior to payment of dividends on the Company’s common stock. Refer also to “Item 1. Business—Shareholders’ Equity” and “Item 1. Business—Regulation and Supervision” for information relating to regulatory limitations on the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company, which in turn could affect the payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders.

 

The high and low trading prices of the Company’s common stock from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2011, by quarter, and the dividends paid in each quarter, were as follows:

 

   2011 Stock Prices   2010 Stock Prices   Cash Dividends Paid 
   High   Low   High   Low   2011   2010 
1st Quarter  $5.08   $3.81   $7.21   $5.98   $0.03   $0.07 
2nd Quarter   4.28    3.54    7.40    5.68    0.01    0.07 
3rd Quarter   3.91    2.57    6.20    5.05    0.01    0.03 
4th Quarter   3.68    2.43    5.42    4.51    0.01    0.03 
                   Total   $0.06   $0.20 

 

From January 1, 2012, to February 24, 2012, the trading price of the Company's common stock ranged between $3.15 to $4.45 per share, and closed this period at $4.21 per share.

 

The Company did not repurchase any of its common stock during 2011 and the Company’s board of directors has not authorized a new stock repurchase program. For additional discussion relating to the Company’s repurchase of its common stock, refer to “Item 1. Business—Shareholders’ Equity” and “Item 1. Business—Regulation and Supervision.”

 

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Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total shareholder return on Company common stock, based on the market price of the common stock and assuming reinvestment of cash dividends, with the cumulative total return of companies on the NASDAQ Stock Market U.S. Index (“NASDAQ Composite Index”) and the NASDAQ Stock Market Bank Index. The graph assumes that $100 was invested on December 31, 2006, in Company common stock and each of those indices.

 

 

   Period Ending 
Index  12/31/06   12/31/07   12/31/08   12/31/09   12/31/10   12/31/11 
Bank Mutual Corporation   100.00    89.88    101.51    63.48    45.27    30.60 
NASDAQ Composite Index   100.00    108.47    66.35    95.38    113.19    113.81 
NASDAQ Bank Index   100.00    79.26    57.79    48.42    57.29    51.19 

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

The following table provides selected financial data for the Company for its past five fiscal years. The data is derived from the Company’s audited financial statements, although the table itself is not audited. The following data should be read together with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes and “Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

   At December 31 
   2011   2010   2009   2008   2007 
   (Dollars in thousands, except number of shares and per share amounts) 
Selected financial condition data:                         
Total assets  $2,498,484   $2,591,818   $3,512,064   $3,489,689   $3,488,046 
Loans receivable, net   1,319,636    1,323,569    1,506,056    1,829,053    1,994,556 
Loans held-for-sale, net   19,192    37,819    13,534    19,030    7,952 
Securities available-for-sale:                         
Investment securities       228,023    614,104    419,138    99,450 
Mortgage-related securities   781,770    435,234    866,848    850,867    1,099,922 
Foreclosed and repossessed assets   24,724    19,293    17,689    4,768    3,687 
Goodwill       52,570    52,570    52,570    52,570 
Mortgage servicing rights   7,401    7,769    6,899    3,703    4,708 
Deposit liabilities   2,021,663    2,078,310    2,137,508    2,128,277    2,093,453 
Borrowings   153,091    149,934    906,979    907,971    912,459 
Shareholders' equity   265,771    312,953    402,477    399,611    430,035 
Tangible shareholders' equity (1)   265,771    260,383    349,907    347,041    377,465 
Number of shares outstanding, net of treasury stock   46,228,984    45,769,443    46,165,635    47,686,759    49,834,756 
Book value per share  $5.75   $6.84   $8.72   $8.38   $8.63 
Tangible shareholders’ equity per share (1)  $5.75   $5.69   $7.58   $7.28   $7.57 

 

   For the Year Ended December 31 
   2011   2010   2009   2008   2007 
   (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 
Selected operating data:                         
Total interest income  $89,345   $112,569   $151,814   $177,556   $183,001 
Total interest expense   26,756    66,276    83,784    104,191    113,771 
Net interest income   62,589    46,293    68,030    73,365    69,230 
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses   6,710    49,619    12,413    1,447    (272)
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses   55,879    (3,326)   55,617    71,918    69,502 
Total non-interest income   23,158    40,603    31,681    17,881    20,434 
Total non-interest expense (2)   124,900    159,825    68,155    63,550    63,549 
Income (loss) before income taxes   (45,863)   (122,548)   19,143    26,250    25,995 
Income tax expense (benefit)   1,752    (49,909)   5,418    9,094    8,892 
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interest   (47,615)   (72,639)   13,725    17,155    17,495 
Net loss (income) attributable to non-controlling interest   50    (1)       1    (392)
Net income (loss)  $(47,565)  $(72,640)  $13,725   $17,156   $17,103 
Earnings (loss) per share-basic  $(1.03)  $(1.59)  $0.29   $0.36   $0.32 
Earnings (loss) per share-diluted  $(1.03)  $(1.59)  $0.29   $0.35   $0.31 
Cash dividends paid per share  $0.06   $0.20   $0.34   $0.36   $0.33 
                          

 

(1)This is a non-GAAP measure. Tangible shareholders’ equity is total shareholders’ equity minus goodwill.
(2)Total non-interest expense in 2011 includes a goodwill impairment of $52.6 million and in 2010 includes $89.3 million in loss on early repayment of FHLB borrowings.

 

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   At or For the Year Ended December 31 
   2011   2010   2009   2008   2007 
Selected financial ratios:                         
Net interest margin (3)   2.76%   1.47%   2.09%   2.21%   2.09%
Net interest rate spread   2.64    1.26    1.82    1.85    1.59 
Return on average assets   (1.87)   (2.12)   0.39    0.48    0.49 
Return on average shareholders' equity   (16.37)   (18.47)   3.40    4.15    3.57 
Efficiency ratio (4)   85.07    99.36    73.32    68.77    69.92 
Non-interest expense as a percent of adjusted average assets (5)   2.84    2.06    1.95    1.80    1.81 
Shareholders' equity to total assets   10.64    12.07    11.39    11.45    12.33 
Tangible shareholders' equity to adjusted total assets (6)   10.64    10.25    10.09    10.07    10.95 
                          
Selected asset quality ratios:                         
Non-performing loans to loans receivable, net (7)   5.69%   9.29%   2.83%   1.81%   0.65%
Non-performing assets to total assets (7)   4.00    5.49    1.72    1.08    0.48 
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans   37.17    39.03    39.99    36.89    90.98 
Allowance for loan losses to total loans receivable, net   2.12    3.63    1.13    0.67    0.59 
Charge-offs to average loans   1.96    1.26    0.45    0.05    0.03 

 

(3)Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average earnings assets.
(4)Efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing non-interest expense (excluding goodwill impairment and loss on early repayment of FHLB borrowings) by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income (excluding gains and losses on investments).
(5)The ratio in 2011 excludes the impact of the goodwill impairment and in 2010 excludes the impact of the prepayment penalty on the early repayment of FHLB borrowings.
(6)This is a non-GAAP measure. The ratio is calculated by dividing total shareholders’ equity less intangible assets (net of deferred taxes) divided by total assets less intangible assets (net). Intangible assets consist of goodwill and other intangible assets. Deferred taxes have been established only on other intangible assets and are immaterial in amount.
(7)Non-performing loans and assets in 2011included $25.2 million in loans (1.91% of loans receivable and 1.01% of total assets) that were current with respect to contractual principal and interest payments. In 2010 these loans were $38.1 million (2.88% of loans receivable and 1.47% of total assets).

 

34
 

 

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

The discussion and analysis in this section should be read in conjunction with “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” as well as “Item 1. Business” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

 

Results of Operations

 

Overview The Company’s net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, was $(47.6) million, $(72.6) million, and $13.7 million, respectively. Diluted earnings (loss) per share during these periods were $(1.03), $(1.59), and $0.29, respectively.

 

The Company’s net loss in 2011 was impacted by the following unfavorable developments compared to 2010:

 

a one-time $52.6 million loss in 2011 on the impairment of goodwill;

 

a $14.9 million or 93.0% decrease in gain on investments;

 

a $2.8 million or 7.9% increase in compensation-related expenses;

 

a $2.6 million or 30.4% decrease in gain on loan sales activities; and

 

a $51.7 million change in income taxes from a benefit of $49.9 million in 2010 to an expense of $1.8 million in 2011.

 

These unfavorable developments were partially offset by the following favorable developments in 2011 compared to 2010:

 

a one-time $89.3 million loss in 2010 on early repayment of FHLB borrowings;

 

a $42.9 million or 86.5% decrease in provision for loan losses;

 

a $16.3 million or 35.2% increase in net interest income; and

 

a $1.2 million or 14.6% decrease in net losses and expenses on foreclosed real estate.

 

The Company’s net loss in 2010 was impacted by the following unfavorable developments compared to 2009:

 

a one-time $89.3 million loss in 2010 on early repayment of FHLB borrowings;

 

a $37.2 million or 300% increase in provision for loan losses;

 

a $21.7 million or 32.0% decrease in net interest income; and

 

a $7.0 million or 542% increase in net losses and expenses on foreclosed real estate.

 

These unfavorable developments were partially offset by the following favorable developments in 2010 compared to 2009:

 

a $55.3 million change in income taxes from an expense of $5.4 million in 2009 to a benefit of $49.9 million in 2010;

 

a $8.4 million or 110% increase in gain on investments; and

 

a $3.0 million or 7.7% decrease in compensation-related expenses.

 

The following paragraphs discuss these developments in greater detail, as well as other changes in the components of net income (loss) during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009.

 

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Net Interest Income Net interest income increased by $16.3 million or 35.2% during the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to the previous year. This increase was primarily attributable to an improvement in the Company’s net interest margin, which increased to 2.76% in 2011 from 1.47% in 2010. This improvement was primarily the result of the Company’s early repayment of $756.0 million in high-cost borrowings from the FHLB of Chicago in December of 2010, as described below. The repayment resulted in a significant decline in the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities in the 2011 compared to 2010. Also contributing to the improvement in the Company’s net interest margin in 2011 was a decline in its average cost of deposits. The Company’s average cost of deposits declined by 40 basis points in 2011 compared to 2010. The Company continues to manage its overall liquidity by aggressively managing the rates it offers on its certificates of deposits and certain other deposit accounts. Also contributing to the improvement in the net interest margin in 2011 was a 38 basis point improvement in the yield on interest-earning assets compared to the previous year. This improvement was caused by a favorable change in the mix of earning assets from lower-yielding assets, such as overnight investments and short-term securities, to higher-yielding assets, such as loans receivable. Partially offsetting the favorable impact of this improved asset mix was a decrease in the average yield on loans receivable and available-for-sale securities in 2011 compared to 2010. These decreases were caused by a declining interest rate environment during much of 2010 and 2011 that resulted in lower yields on these assets in 2011. In addition, the Company sold a substantial number of higher-yielding securities in 2010 at gains, as noted below, which reduced the overall yield on its securities portfolio in 2011 compared to 2010.

 

Net interest income declined by $21.7 million or 32.0% during the year ended December 31, 2010, compared to the previous year. This decline was primarily attributable to a decrease in the Company’s interest rate margin between the years and, to a lesser extent, a decrease in its average earning assets. The Company’s interest rate margin decreased by 62 basis points, from 2.09% in 2009 to 1.47% in 2010, and its average earning assets decreased by $97.4 million or 3.0% in 2010 compared to 2009. The Company experienced increased levels of liquidity in 2010 due to reduced portfolio loan demand and increased repayment activity in its loan and securities portfolios. In addition, during 2010 the Company sold significant amounts of longer-term, fixed-rate mortgage-related securities, as well as certain adjustable-rate mortgage-related securities, at gains in an effort to reduce its exposure to interest rate risk and/or to improve the overall liquidity of its balance sheet. In general, the Company reinvested the cash proceeds from these sources in lower-yielding overnight investments and short-term securities or used them to later repay FHLB borrowings, as described below. The Company also managed its liquidity position in 2010 by reducing the rates it offered on its certificates of deposits and certain other deposit accounts, which contributed to a 53 basis point decline in the Company’s weighted-average cost of interest-bearing deposit liabilities in 2010 compared to 2009.

 

In December of 2010 the Company repaid $756.0 million in fixed-rate borrowings from the FHLB of Chicago prior to the stated maturities of the borrowings. As a result of this prepayment, the Company recognized a one-time charge of $89.3 million in December of 2010. At the time, the borrowings had an average remaining maturity of six years and a weighted-average interest cost of 4.17%. The Company considered it prudent to repay these borrowings prior to their stated maturities due to the lack of acceptable investment or lending alternatives that could provide sufficient yield to justify the high cost of the borrowings.

 

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The following table presents certain details regarding the Company's average balance sheet and net interest income for the periods indicated. The tables present the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The yields and costs are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the periods shown. The average balances are derived from daily balances over the periods indicated. Interest income includes fees, which are considered adjustments to yields. Net interest spread is the difference between the yield on interest-earning assets and the rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin is derived by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. No tax equivalent adjustments were made since the Company does not have any tax exempt investments.

 

  Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
     Interest  Avg.     Interest  Avg.     Interest  Avg. 
  Average  Earned/  Yield/  Average  Earned/  Yield/  Average  Earned/  Yield/ 
  Balance  Paid  Cost  Balance  Paid  Cost  Balance  Paid  Cost 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Assets:                                    
Interest-earning assets:                                    
Loans receivable, net  (1) $1,367,450  $69,936   5.11%  $1,478,433  $79,266   5.36%  $1,688,906  $95,802   5.67% 
Mortgage-related securities  656,343   16,374   2.49   589,070   17,445   2.96   946,142   37,734   3.99 
Investment securities (2)  156,793   2,877   1.83   840,424   15,428   1.84   458,311   18,199   3.97 
Interest-earning deposits  84,505   158   0.19   250,909   430   0.17   162,864   79   0.05 
Total interest-earning assets  2,265,091   89,345   3.94   3,158,836   112,569   3.56   3,256,223   151,814   4.66 
Non-interest-earning assets  278,872           266,270           236,158         
Total average assets $2,543,963          $3,425,106          $3,492,381         
                                     
Liabilities and equity:                                    
Interest-bearing liabilities:                                    
Savings deposits $212,644   78   0.04  $208,544   104   0.05  $199,012   181   0.09 
Money market accounts  405,033   1,696   0.42   347,906   2,075   0.60   330,506   2,795   0.85 
Interest-bearing demand accounts  199,909   85   0.04   200,292   107   0.05   184,077   121   0.07 
Certificates of deposit  1,069,708   17,709   1.66   1,234,411   26,320   2.13   1,304,814   41,471   3.18 
Total deposit liabilities  1,887,294   19,568   1.04   1,991,153   28,606   1.44   2,018,409   44,568   2.21 
Advance payment by borrowers for taxes and insurance  19,551   5   0.03   19,606   6   0.03   19,172   11   0.06 
Borrowings  156,521   7,183   4.59   871,212   37,664   4.32   907,443   39,205   4.32 
Total interest-bearing liabilities  2,063,366   26,756   1.30   2,881,971   66,276   2.30   2,945,024   83,784   2.84 
                                     
Non-interest-bearing liabilities:                                    
Non-interest-bearing deposits  110,784           96,370           91,147         
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities  79,314           53,506           52,412         
Total non-interest-bearing liabilities  190,098           149,876           143,559         
Total liabilities  2,253,464           3,031,847           3,008,583         
Total equity  290,499           393,259           403,798         
Total average liabilities and equity $2,543,963          $3,425,106          $3,492,381         
Net interest income and net interest rate spread     $62,589   2.64%      $46,293   1.26%      $68,030   1.82% 
Net interest margin          2.76%           1.47%           2.09% 
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities  1.10x          1.10x          1.11x        

   

(1)For the purposes of these computations, non-accruing loans and loans held-for-sale are included in the average loans outstanding.
(2)FHLB of Chicago stock is included in investment securities.

 

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The following tables present the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected the Company’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to the change attributable to change in volume (change in volume multiplied by prior rate), the change attributable to change in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior volume), and the net change. The change attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate has been allocated proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

 

  Year Ended December 31, 2011,
Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
 
  Increase (Decrease) 
  Volume  Rate  Net 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans receivable $(5,740) $(3,590) $(9,330)
Mortgage-related securities  1,882   (2,953)  (1,071)
Investment securities  (12,511)  (40)  (12,551)
Interest-earning deposits  (311)  39   (272)
Total interest-earning assets  (16,680)  (6,544)  (23,224)
Interest-bearing liabilities:            
Savings deposits  (5)  (21)  (26)
Money market deposits  307   (686)  (379)
Interest-bearing demand deposits     (22)  (22)
Certificates of deposit  (3,216)  (5,395)  (8,611)
Advance payment by borrowers for taxes and insurance     (1)  (1)
Borrowings  (32,668)  2,187   (30,481)
Total interest-bearing liabilities  (35,582)  (3,938)  (39,520)
Net change in net interest income $18,902  $(2,606) $16,296 

 

  Year Ended December 31, 2010,
Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
 
  Increase (Decrease) 
  Volume  Rate  Net 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Interest-earning assets:            
Loans receivable $(11,499) $(5,037) $(16,536)
Mortgage-related securities  (12,038)  (8,251)  (20,289)
Investment securities  10,218   (12,989)  (2,771)
Interest-earning deposits  64   287   351 
Total interest-earning assets $(13,255) $(25,990) $(39,245)
Interest-bearing liabilities:            
Savings deposits  7   (84)  (77)
Money market deposits  141   (861)  (720)
Interest-bearing demand deposits  10   (24)  (14)
Certificates of deposit  (2,135)  (13,016)  (15,151)
Advance payment by borrowers for taxes and insurance     (5)  (5)
Borrowings  (1,565)  24   (1,541)
Total interest-bearing liabilities  (3,542)  (13,966)  (17,508)
Net change in net interest income $(9,713) $(12,024) $(21,737)

 

Provision for Loan Losses The Company’s provision for loan losses was $6.7 million, $49.6 million, and $12.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. In recent years the Company’s provision for loan losses has been affected by weak economic conditions, high levels of unemployment, and low values for real estate. These conditions have been particularly challenging for borrowers whose loans are secured by commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, and land. In 2011 the Company recorded $11.8 million in additional loss provisions against a number of larger multi-family, commercial real estate, and business loan relationships, as well as certain smaller residential and consumer loans. The losses on these loans were based on updated independent appraisals and/or internal management evaluations of the collateral that secures the loan, as well as management’s knowledge of current market conditions. In addition, during 2011 the Company recorded approximately $2.4 million in additional loss provisions that reflected management’s general concerns related to continued economic weakness, elevated levels of unemployment, depressed real estate values, and the internal downgrades of certain loans. These developments were partially offset by $7.5 million in loss recaptures on loans that were paid-off during the period, were upgraded to performing status, or improved in performance and/or prospects.

 

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In 2010 the Company noted increased vacancy rates, declining rents, and/or delays in unit sales for many of the properties that secure Company’s loans. In many instances, management’s observations included loans that borrowers and/or loan guarantors had managed to keep current despite underlying difficulties with the collateral properties. In view of those developments and their expected continuation, as well an increasingly strict regulatory environment, management concluded in 2010 that the probability of a number of its loans being collateral dependent had increased, which resulted in a significant increase in provision for loan losses. In 2010 the Company recorded $31.0 million in loss provisions against 34 larger loan relationships aggregating $91.6 million. These loans were secured by commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, undeveloped land, and, in the case of a few commercial business loans, certain other non-real estate assets. During 2010 the Company also recorded $10.0 million in loss provisions on a large number of smaller commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, and commercial business loan relationships, as well as $1.3 million in loss provisions on one- to four-family loans and consumer loans. In general, these losses were based on updated independent appraisals that were received during 2010, but in some cases were based on management judgment. Finally, during 2010 the Company recorded $7.3 million in additional loss provisions that reflected management’s general concerns related to declines in commercial real estate values, weak economic conditions, and high levels of unemployment.

 

During 2009 the Company recorded $9.5 million in loss provisions against 12 commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, and undeveloped land loan relationships aggregating $33.9 million. The Company also recorded $1.6 million in loss provisions on a number of smaller loans during that period, consisting principally of commercial real estate and commercial business loans and, to a lesser extent, one- to four-family and consumer loans. In general, these losses were based on updated independent appraisals, but in some instances were based on management judgment. Finally, during 2009 the Company also recorded $1.3 million in losses that reflected management’s general concerns relating to deterioration in economic conditions, increased unemployment rates, and declines in real estate values in that period.

 

Refer to “Financial Condition—Asset Quality” and “Critical Accounting Policies,” below, as well as “Item 1. Business—Asset Quality,” above, for additional discussion related to the Company’s provision for loan losses, allowance for loan losses, asset quality, and related policies and procedures.

 

Non-Interest Income Total non-interest income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, was $23.2 million, $40.6 million, and $31.7 million, respectively. The following paragraphs discuss the principal components of non-interest income and primary reasons for their changes from 2010 to 2011, as well as 2009 to 2010.

 

Service charges on deposits were $6.4 million, $6.1 million, and $6.4 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Management attributes the improvement in 2011 compared to 2010 to an increase in the Company’s core deposit accounts, consisting of checking, savings, and money market accounts, which increased by $30.9 million or 3.3% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011. In addition, management believes that challenging economic conditions during 2009 and early 2010 resulted in reduced spending by consumers in general in 2010, which had an adverse impact on the Company’s transaction fee revenue, which consists principally of ATM, debit card, and overdraft fees. Finally, enhancements in 2011 to Bank Mutual’s commercial deposit products and services resulted in increased fee revenue during the year, particularly related to treasury management services.

 

Brokerage and insurance commissions were $2.8 million, $3.1 million, and $2.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Commission revenue in 2010 benefited from favorable trends in equity markets in the first half of that year, which resulted in increased revenue from sales of mutual funds and other equity investments relative to 2011 and 2009. In addition, increased competitive pressures in the markets for tax-deferred annuities in recent periods resulted in lower profit margins on the sales of such financial products.

 

39
 

 

Net loan-related fees and servicing revenue was a loss of $402,000 in 2011 compared income of $103,000 and $184,000 in 2010 and 2009, respectively. The following table presents the primary components of net loan-related fees and servicing revenue for the periods indicated:

 

  Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Gross servicing fees $2,718  $2,584  $2,193 
MSR amortization  (2,747)  (3,277)  (3,023)
MSR valuation (loss) recovery  (862)  281   535 
Loan servicing revenue, net  (891)  (412)  (295)
Other loan fee income  489   515   479 
Loan-related fees and servicing revenue, net $(402) $103  $184 

 

Gross servicing fees increased in 2011 and 2010 due to an increase in the amount of loans the Company services for third-party investors. During 2011, 2010, and 2009, the Company serviced an average of $1.1 billion, $1.0 billion, and $879.9 million, respectively, in loans for third-party investors. Loans serviced for third-party investors have increased the past two years due to increased sales of loans by the Company in the secondary market, as described below. The Company typically retains the servicing on these loans. Related amortization was lower in 2011 due to higher market interest rates on one- to four-family loans during the first half of the year, which resulted in fewer loan prepayments and slower amortization of the MSRs compared to prior periods. However, management expects that amortization of MSRs will be elevated in the near term as a result of recent declines in market interest rates for one- to four-family loans.

 

Loan-related fees and servicing revenue is also impacted by changes in the valuation allowance that is established against MSRs. The change in this allowance is recorded as a recovery or charge, as the case may be, in the period in which the change occurs. In 2011 the valuation allowance increased by $862,000 due principally to a decline in market interest rates during the last half of the year, which resulted in increased loan prepayment expectations. The valuation of MSRs, as well as the periodic amortization of MSRs, is significantly influenced by the level of market interest rates and loan prepayments. If market interest rates for one- to four-family loans increase and/or actual or expected loan prepayment expectations decrease in future periods, the Company could recover all or a portion of its previously established allowance on MSRs, as well as record reduced levels of MSR amortization expense. Alternatively, if interest rates continue to decrease and/or prepayment expectations increase, the Company could potentially record additional charges to earnings related to increases in the valuation allowance on its MSRs. In addition, amortization expense could increase further due to likely increases in loan prepayment activity. Lower interest rates also typically cause an increase in actual mortgage loan prepayment activity, which generally results in an increase in the amortization of MSRs.

 

Gains on loan sales activities were $6.0 million, $8.6 million, and $9.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The Company’s policy is to sell substantially all of its fixed-rate, one- to four-family mortgage loan originations in the secondary market. During 2011 and 2010 sales of one- to four-family mortgage loans were $292.7 million and $409.4 million, respectively, compared to $584.0 million in 2009. Loan sales were elevated in 2009 as a result of larger relative declines in market interest rates in that period, which encouraged a larger number of borrowers to refinance higher-rate loans into lower rate loans during that period. Market interest rates continued a general decline in 2010 and the latter half of 2011. However, such declines were smaller on a relative basis compared to 2009 and resulted in successively lower levels of refinance activity in 2010 and 2011. Market interest rates for one- to four-family loans have remained at near record lows thus far in 2012. As such, management expects that gains on sales of loans could remain elevated in the near term, but is not certain that such gains can be sustained for the entire year.

 

Net gain on investments in 2011, 2010, and 2009 was $1.1 million, $16.0 million, and $7.6 million, respectively. During these years the Company sold $20.8 million, $1.1 billion, and $468.8 million, respectively, in available-for-sale securities. The 2011 securities sales consisted of the Company’s remaining investment in a mutual fund that management did not expect would perform well in future periods. The Company’s operating results in 2009 included a net other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) charge of $831,000 related to this same investment. Securities sales in 2010 and 2009 generally consisted of mortgage-related and certain other securities. In 2010 the proceeds from securities sales were generally reinvested in overnight investments and short-term securities or were used to repay FHLB borrowings, as previously described.

 

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The Company’s operating results in 2011 included $389,000 in net OTTI charges. In 2011 the Company recognized $389,000 in net OTTI losses related to its investment in certain private-label CMOs that were rated less than investment grade. Management attributed the net OTTI loss to continued weakness in national housing markets in 2011, which resulted in lower values for the residential properties that secure the CMOs. The Company’s total investment in private-label CMOs was $62.0 million as of December 31, 2011. The collection of the amounts due on the Company’s private-label CMOs is subject to numerous factors outside of management’s control and a future determination of OTTI could result in additional losses being recorded through earnings in future periods. Refer to “Financial Condition—Available-for-Sale Securities,” below, for additional discussion.

 

The Company’s operating results in 2010 included a $700,000 loss on a $2.6 million net investment in approximately 300 acres of partially-developed land that is held for future development. In the judgment of management, continued declines in real estate values justified the recognition of the loss. There are currently no efforts underway to further develop or dispose of this property.

 

Other non-interest income was $7.6 million, $7.5 million, and $6.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The increase in 2010 and sustained level of income in 2011 was due primarily to an increase in earnings from the Company’s investment in bank-owned life insurance (“BOLI”) and certain other employee benefit trusts, the latter having benefited from lower market interest rates in both 2010 and 2011. Also contributing to non-interest income in both of these years were payouts of excess death benefits under the Company’s BOLI plans.

 

Non-Interest Expense Total non-interest expense for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 was $124.9 million, $159.8 million, and $68.2 million, respectively. Results in 2011 included a $52.6 million non-cash goodwill impairment recorded by the Company in the second quarter of 2011. This impairment had no effect on the liquidity, operations, tangible capital, or regulatory capital of the Company or the Bank (for additional discussion refer to “Financial Condition—Goodwill,” below). Results in 2010 included a one-time prepayment penalty of $89.3 million related to the Company’s repayment of $756.0 million in borrowings from the FHLB of Chicago prior to their scheduled maturities, as previously discussed. Excluding the goodwill impairment and prepayment penalty, total non-interest expense in 2011 and 2010 was $72.3 million and $70.5 million, respectively, compared to $68.2 million in 2009. The following paragraphs discuss the principal components of non-interest expense and the primary reasons for their changes from 2010 to 2011, as well as 2009 to 2010.

 

Compensation and related expenses were $38.8 million, $36.0 million, and $39.1 million during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The increase in 2011 was primarily caused by annual merit increases, as well the Company’s hiring of certain key management and other personnel in 2010 and 2011. Also contributing was an increase in certain incentive and bonus payments in 2011. In addition, the increase in 2011 was due to an increase in costs related to the Company’s defined-benefit pension plan. This development was caused by an increase in the number of qualified participants in the plan in recent years, as well as a decline in the interest rate used to determine the present value of the pension obligation. These developments were partially offset by a decline in ESOP expense in 2011 (due to the end in 2010 of the 10-year commitment to the ESOP), as well as a decline in the number of employees employed by the Company.

 

The decline in compensation and related expenses in 2010 was primarily caused by lower levels of stock-based compensation. ESOP expense was lower in 2010 compared to 2009 because the final award under the plan was not as large as previous year’s awards due to the timing of the ESOP commitment. Also contributing to the decrease in stock-based compensation in 2010 relative to 2009 was a large grant of stock options and restricted stock that was made in 2004 and became fully vested in mid-2009. As such, no amortization expense related to that grant was recorded after 2009. Also contributing to the decrease in compensation expense in 2010 was a decrease in the number of personnel employed by the Company. These developments were only partially offset by the impact of annual merit increases granted to employees in 2010 and the hiring of certain key management in 2010.

 

As of December 31, 2011, the Company had 648 full-time associates and 71 part-time associates. This compared to 682 full-time and 82 part-time employees at December 31, 2010, and 717 full-time and 98 part-time associates at December 31, 2009.

 

Occupancy and equipment expense during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009 was $11.5 million, $11.2 million, and $11.8 million, respectively. The increase in 2011 was primarily caused by higher levels of repair and maintenance costs and rent expense in 2011 compared to 2010. The decrease in occupancy and equipment expense in 2010 compared to 2009 was primarily caused by lower data processing costs, due to the negotiation of a new contract with the Company’s third-party data processor in late 2009, as well as lower levels of repair and maintenance expense and rent expense in 2010 relative to prior periods.

 

41
 

 

Federal insurance premiums and special assessments were $3.2 million, $4.1 million, and $4.6 million during 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. In the second quarter of 2011 the FDIC implemented a new rule that changed the deposit insurance assessment base from an insured institution’s domestic deposits (minus certain allowable exclusions) to an insured institution’s average consolidated assets (minus average tangible equity and certain other adjustments). The Company’s deposit insurance costs declined in 2011 as a result of the new rule because the Company has a relatively low level of non-deposit funding sources, such as advances from the FHLB of Chicago.

 

Federal insurance premiums in 2009 included a $1.6 million non-recurring special assessment from the FDIC that was charged to all insured financial institutions based on total assets, less its Tier 1 capital. Excluding this special assessment, the Company’s deposit insurance premiums increased by $1.0 million or 33.5% in 2010 compared to 2009. In the second quarter of 2009 the FDIC raised its regular premium rates for all financial institutions. In addition, during the first quarter of 2009 the Company utilized the last of certain premium credits that had been available to offset deposit premium costs.

 

Net losses and expenses on foreclosed real estate were $7.0 million, $8.3 million, and $1.3 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. In recent periods the Company has experienced an increase in losses on foreclosed real estate due to continued declines in real estate values and weak economic conditions. If these conditions persist, future losses on foreclosed real estate could remain elevated in the near term.

 

Other non-interest expense was $11.7 million, $10.9 million, and $11.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The increase in 2011 was caused by higher professional fees and legal expense compared to 2010. The decrease in 2010 was caused by lower expenses related to marketing and advertising in 2010 compared to 2009.

 

Income Tax Expense (Benefit) Income tax expense (benefit) was $1.8 million, $(49.9) million, and $5.4 million in 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. The large income tax benefit in 2010 was caused by the Company’s pre-tax loss, which was primarily the result of the FHLB prepayment penalty and the large provision for loan losses in that year, as previously described. Income tax expense in 2009 was net of a $1.8 million tax benefit related to a change in Wisconsin tax law that enabled the Company to eliminate a valuation allowance it had established against a deferred tax asset in prior years. Excluding this $1.8 million tax benefit in 2009, as well as the impact of the goodwill impairment in 2011 (which is not deductible for income tax purposes), the Company’s effective tax rate (“ETR”) in 2011, 2010, and 2009 was 26.1%, 40.7%, and 37.7%, respectively. The Company’s ETR was lower in 2011 because non-taxable revenue, such as earnings from BOLI, comprised a larger portion of pre-tax income or loss than it did in 2010 and 2009 (again, excluding the impact of the goodwill impairment). For additional information related to the Company's income taxes, refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

 

Financial Condition

 

Overview The Company’s total assets decreased by $93.3 million or 3.6% during the year ended December 31, 2011. A substantial portion of this decline was caused by the $52.6 million goodwill impairment, as previously described. In addition, during 2011 the Company’s cash and cash equivalents declined by $111.9 million or 48.1% and its loans held-for-sale and loans receivable declined by $22.6 million or 1.7% in the aggregate. Cash flows from these sources were used to purchase available-for-sale securities, which increased by a $118.5 million or 17.9% during 2011, and to fund a $56.6 million or 2.7% decrease in deposit liabilities. Shareholders’ equity decreased from $313.0 million at December 31, 2010, to $265.8 million at December 31, 2011, due principally to the goodwill impairment. Non-performing assets decreased by $42.4 million or 29.8% during the year to $99.9 million at December 31, 2011. The following paragraphs describe these changes in greater detail, along with other changes in the Company’s financial condition during the year ended December 31, 2011.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents declined from $232.8 million at December 31, 2010, to $120.9 million at December 31, 2011. This decline was primarily caused by the Company’s purchase of mortgage-related securities during the period, as well as decrease in deposit liabilities.

 

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Securities Available-for-Sale The Company’s portfolio of securities available-for-sale increased by $118.5 million or 17.9% during the year ended December 31, 2011. This increase was primarily the result of the Company’s purchase of $507.1 million in medium-term government agency MBSs and CMOs during the period. The impact of these purchases was partially offset by $205.8 million in securities that were called by issuers during the period, as well as the sale of a $20.8 million mutual fund, as previously described.

 

The following table presents the carrying value of the Company’s investment securities and mortgage-related securities portfolios at the dates indicated. For all securities and for all periods presented, the carrying value is equal to fair value.

  December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Investment securities:            
Mutual funds    $22,055  $22,312 
United States government and federal agency obligations     205,968   591,792 
Total investment securities available-for-sale     228,023   614,104 
Mortgage-related securities:            
Freddie Mac $548,944   314,067   295,188 
Fannie Mae  170,020   30,810   224,758 
Ginnie Mae  778   2,755   235,120 
Private-label CMOs  62,028   87,602   111,782 
Total mortgage-related securities  781,770   435,234   866,848 
Total securities available-for-sale $781,770  $663,258  $1,480,952 

 

The following table presents the Company’s investment securities and mortgage-related securities activities for the periods indicated.

  Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Investment securities available-for-sale:            
Carrying value at beginning of period $228,024  $614,104  $419,138 
Purchases     3,118,204   689,075 
Sales  (20,837)  (709)  (18,087)
Calls  (205,825)  (3,506,718)  (467,902)
Discount accretion (premium amortization), net     314   406 
Increase (decrease) in net unrealized loss  (1,362)  2,828   (8,526)
Net increase (decrease) in investment securities  (228,024)  (386,080)  194,966 
Carrying value at end of period    $228,024  $614,104 
Mortgage-related securities available-for-sale:            
Carrying value at beginning of period $435,234  $866,848  $850,867 
Purchases  507,052   819,675   779,170 
Sales     (1,058,055)  (468,794)
Principal repayments  (167,587)  (187,664)  (318,225)
Discount accretion (premium amortization), net  (3,922)  (2,383)  (2,445)
Other-than-temporary impairment  (389)      
Increase (decrease) in net unrealized loss  11,383   (3,187)  26,275 
Net increase (decrease) in mortgage-related securities  346,536   (431,614)  15,981 
Carrying value at end of period $781,770  $435,234  $866,848 

 

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The table below presents information regarding the carrying values, weighted average yields, and contractual maturities of the Company’s mortgage-related securities at December 31, 2011.

 

  One Year or Less  More Than One Year
to Five Years
  More Than Five
Years to Ten Years
  More Than Ten Years  Total 
  Carrying
Value
  Weighted
Average
Yield
  Carrying
Value
  Weighted
Average
Yield
  Carrying
Value
  Weighted
Average
Yield
  Carrying
Value
  Weighted
Average
Yield
  Carrying
Value
  Weighted
Average
Yield
 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Mortgage-related securities by issuer:                                        
Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates                   $50   6.71%  $50   6.71% 
Fannie Mae pass-through certificates $107   6.54%  $1,802   6.99%  $22,564   2.59%         24,473   2.92 
Freddie Mac pass-through certificates        15   6.01   14,549   2.62         14,564   2.63 
Private-label CMOs              27,379   5.13   34,649   3.14   62,028   3.93 
Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and Ginnie Mae REMICs        5,290   1.44   73,377   1.94   601,988   2.43   680,655   2.37 
Total mortgage-related securities $107   6.54%  $7,107   2.86%  $137,869   2.75%  $636,687   2.47%  $781,770   2.52% 
Mortgage-related securities by coupon:                                        
Adjustable-rate coupon                   $30,894   2.81%  $30,894   2.81% 
Fixed-rate coupon $107   6.54%  $7,107   2.86%  $137,869   2.75%   605,793   2.46   750,876   2.52 
Total mortgage-related securities $107   6.54%  $7,107   2.86%  $137,869   2.75%  $636,687   2.47%  $781,770   2.52% 

 

The Company classifies all of its securities as available-for-sale. Changes in the fair value of such securities are recorded through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of related income tax effect, which is a component of shareholders’ equity. The fair value adjustment on the Company’s available-for-sale securities was a net unrealized gain of $7.7 million at December 31, 2011, compared to a net unrealized loss of $2.3 million at December 31, 2010. This change was primarily caused by lower market interest rates at December 31, 2011, compared to December 31, 2010. Lower market interest rates typically result in higher fair values for the types of securities owned by the Company.

 

The Company maintains an investment in private-label CMOs that were purchased from 2004 to 2006 and are secured by prime residential mortgage loans. The securities were all rated “triple-A” by various credit rating agencies at the time of their purchase. However, several of the securities in the portfolio have been downgraded since their purchase. The following table presents the credit ratings, carrying values, and unrealized losses of the Company’s private-label CMO portfolio as of the dates indicated:

 

  December 31, 2011  December 31, 2010 
  Carrying
Value
  Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
  Carrying
Value
  Net
Unrealized
Gain (Loss)
 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Credit rating (1):                
AAA/Aaa $5,386  $210  $12,876  $322 
AA/Aa  2,512   58   8,600   (84)
A  6,951   (271)  19,249   (1,155)
BBB/Baa  10,428   (366)  11,142   (242)
Less than investment grade (2)  36,751   (5,357)  35,735   (1,981)
Total private-label CMOs $62,028  $(5,726) $87,602  $(3,139)

 

(1)In instances of split-ratings, each security has been classified according to its lowest rating.
(2)Securities rated less than investment grade are adversely classified as substandard in accordance with federal guidelines (refer to “Item 1. Business—Asset Quality”).

 

During the second quarter of 2011 management determined that it is unlikely the Company would collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms on three of its securities that are rated less than investment grade. Accordingly, the Company recorded $389,000 in net OTTI loss on these securities in that period. As of December 31, 2011, management has determined that none of the Company’s other private-label CMOs were other-than-temporarily impaired as of that date. The Company does not intend to sell any of its private-label CMOs before it collects all the amounts due. However, collection is subject to numerous factors outside of the Company’s control and a future determination of OTTI could result in significant losses being recorded through earnings in future periods. For additional discussion relating to the Company’s securities available-for-sale, refer to “Results of Operations—Non-Interest Income,” above, and “Critical Accounting Policies—Other-Than-Temporary Impairment,” below. In addition, refer to “Item 1. Business—Investment Activities” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

 

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Loans Held-for-Sale The Company’s policy is to sell substantially all of its fixed-rate, one- to four-family mortgage loan originations in the secondary market. The following table presents a summary of the activity in the Company’s loans held-for-sale for the periods indicated:

 

  Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Balance outstanding at beginning of period $37,819  $13,534  $19,030 
Origination of loans intended for sale (1)  272,785   434,388   578,312 
Principal balance of loans sold  (292,720)  (409,369)  (583,966)
Change in net unrealized gains or losses (2)  1,308   (734)  158 
Total loans held-for-sale $19,192  $37,819  $13,534 

 

(1)Excludes one- to four-family loans originated for the Company’s loan portfolio.
(2)Refer to “Note 1. Basis of Presentation” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

The origination of one- to four-family mortgage loans intended for sale and the corresponding sale of such loans has declined each year since 2009 due to smaller relative declines in interest rates in 2010 and 2011 which resulted in successively lower levels of refinance activity in these years. For additional discussion, refer to “Results of Operations—Non-Interest Income,” above.

 

Loans Receivable Loans receivable decreased by $3.9 million or 0.3% as of December 31, 2011, compared to December 31, 2010. The Company’s aggregate portfolio of multi-family and commercial real estate mortgage loans decreased from $495.5 million at December 31, 2010, to $473.2 million at December 31, 2011. This decrease was caused by loan payoffs and foreclosures that exceeded originations during the period. Despite this decrease, the Company’s originations of multi-family and commercial real estate loans were $119.2 million in the aggregate in 2011 compared to $47.2 million in 2010. Management attributes this increase, as well as a $35.9 million or over 100% increase in originations of commercial business loans, to recent efforts to improve the Company’s share of the mid-tier commercial banking market (defined as business entities with sales revenues of $5 to $100 million), which is a new market segment for the Company. In 2010 and 2011 the Company added experienced leaders to its senior management team and hired a number of commercial relationship managers experienced in managing and selling financial services to the mid-tier commercial banking market. In the near term the Company expects to add additional professionals capable of serving this market segment, although there can be no assurances as to the extent or timing of such staff additions.

 

The Company’s portfolio of construction and development loans was $82.0 million at December 31, 2011, compared to $83.5 million at December 31, 2010. Originations of construction and development loans declined from $29.0 million in 2010 to $24.9 million in 2011. Most of the originations in 2011 were loans secured by single- and multi-family properties.

 

The Company’s portfolio of one- to four-family loans declined from $531.9 million at December 31, 2010, to $508.5 million at December 31, 2011. In 2011 loan repayments exceeded the Company’s origination of one- to four-family loans that it retains in portfolio, which consists principally of adjustable-rate loans and, from time-to-time, fixed-rate loans with maturity terms of up to 15 years. The Company also retains certain 30-year, fixed-rate loans in its portfolio under an internal low-income lending program. Repayments of one- to four-family loans have been elevated in recent years due to lower market interest rates that encourage borrowers to refinance adjustable-rate loans, as well as higher-cost fixed-rate loans, into longer-term, fixed-rate loans that the Company sells in the secondary market. Despite the decrease in the Company’s one- to four-family loan portfolio in 2011, originations of loans the Company retains in portfolio increased by $46.8 million or 106% compared to 2010. Management attributes this increase to a decision earlier in 2011 to retain a limited amount of 15-year, fixed-rate mortgage loans in portfolio, as well as the implementation of the aforementioned low-income lending program.

 

The Company’s consumer loan portfolio declined from $243.5 million at December 31, 2010, to $238.5 million at December 31, 2011. This decrease was caused by loan payoffs, foreclosures, and reposessions that exceeded originations during the period. Consumer loan originations, which consist primarily of fixed-term home equity loans and home equity lines of credit, were $91.7 million in 2011 compared to $78.2 million in 2010. Management attributes this increase to more competitive pricing and increased marketing efforts for these types of loans in 2011.

 

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The Company’s portfolio of commercial business loans increased from $50.1 million at December 31, 2010, to $87.7 million at December 31, 2011. Commercial business loan originations in 2011 were $70.4 million compared to $34.5 million in the previous year. The reasons for these increases were noted in a previous paragraph.

 

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The following table presents the composition of the Company’s loan portfolio in dollar amounts and in percentages of the total portfolio at the dates indicated.

  

  December 31  
  2011  2010  2009  2008  2007 
     Percent     Percent     Percent     Percent     Percent 
     of     of     of     of     of 
  Amount  Total  Amount  Total  Amount  Total  Amount  Total  Amount  Total 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Mortgage loans:                                        
Permanent mortgage loans:                                        
One- to four-family $508,503   36.59%  $531,874   37.87%  $644,852   41.45%  $867,810   45.82%  $1,042,019   50.29% 
Multi-family  247,040   17.77   247,210   17.60   200,222   12.87   199,709   10.54   216,147   10.43 
Commercial real estate  226,195   16.27   248,253   17.68   262,855   16.90   222,462   11.74   189,209   9.13 
Total permanent mortgages  981,738   70.63   1,027,337   73.15   1,107,929   71.22   1,289,981   68.10   1,447,375   69.85 
Construction and development:                                        
One- to four-family  16,263   1.17   13,479   0.96   11,441   0.74   17,517   0.92   35,040   1.69 
Multi-family  29,409   2.12   19,308   1.37   52,323   3.36   74,208   3.92   58,712   2.83 
Commercial real estate  19,907   1.43   24,939   1.78   27,040   1.74   82,795   4.37   58,026   2.80 
Land  16,429   1.18   25,764   1.83   33,758   2.17   43,601   2.30   43,872   2.12 
Total construction and development loans  82,008   5.90   83,490   5.94   124,562   8.01   218,121   11.51   195,650   9.44 
Total mortgage loans  1,063,746   76.53   1,110,827   79.09   1,232,491   79.23   1,508,102   79.61   1,643,025   79.29 
Consumer loans:                                        
Fixed term home equity  102,561   7.38   103,619   7.38   124,519   8.00   173,104   9.14   199,161   9.62 
Home equity lines of credit  86,540   6.23   87,383   6.24   88,796   5.71   86,962   4.59   90,631   4.37 
Student  15,711   1.13   17,695   1.25   19,793   1.27   21,469   1.13   21,845   1.05 
Home improvement  24,237   1.74   24,551   1.76   28,441   1.83   36,023   1.90   33,604   1.62 
Automobile  2,228   0.16   2,814   0.20   4,077   0.26   11,775   0.62   24,878   1.20 
Other  7,177   0.52   7,436   0.52   9,871   0.63   8,740   0.46   9,439   0.46 
Total consumer loans  238,454   17.16   243,498   17.35   275,497   17.71   338,073   17.84   379,558   18.32 
Commercial business loans  87,715   6.31   50,123   3.56   47,708   3.07   48,277   2.55   49,635   2.40 
Gross loans receivable  1,389,915   100.00%   1,404,448   100.00%   1,555,696   100.00%   1,894,452   100.00%   2,072,218   100.00% 
Undisbursed loan proceeds  (41,859)      (32,345)      (32,690)      (54,187)      (68,457)    
Allowance for loan losses  (27,928)      (47,985)      (17,028)      (12,208)      (11,774)    
Deferred fees and costs, net  (492)      (549)      78       996       2,569     
Total loans receivable, net $1,319,636      $1,323,569      $1,506,056      $1,829,053      $1,994,556     

  

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The following table presents a summary of the Company’s activity in loans receivable for the periods indicated.

 

  Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Balance outstanding at beginning of period $1,323,569  $1,506,056  $1,829,053 
Originations:            
One- to four-family loans (1)  91,042   44,929   47,466 
Multi-family loans  55,859   25,091   10,889 
Commercial real estate loans  63,376   22,068   42,505 
Construction and development loans  24,921   29,029   15,720 
Total mortgage loan originations  235,198   121,117   116,580 
Consumer loans  91,685   78,198   76,854 
Commercial business loans  70,404   34,530   22,617 
Total originations  397,287   233,845   216,051 
Purchases of one- to four-family mortgage loans        2,658 
Principal payments and repayments:            
Mortgage loans  (232,814)  (220,673)  (371,128)
Consumer loans  (96,729)  (110,197)  (139,430)
Commercial business loans  (32,812)  (32,115)  (23,186)
Total principal payments and repayments  (362,355)  (362,985)  (533,744)
Transfers to foreclosed properties, real estate owned, and repossessed assets  (49,465)  (22,108)  (23,721)
Net change in undisbursed loan proceeds, allowance for loan losses, and deferred fees and costs  10,600   (31,239)  15,759 
Total loans receivable, net $1,319,636  $1,323,569  $1,506,056 

 

(1)Excludes one- to four-family loans originated for sale.

 

The following table presents the contractual maturity of the Company’s construction and development loans and its commercial business loans at December 31, 2011. The table does not include the effect of prepayments or scheduled principal amortization.

 

  December 31, 2011 
  Commercial
Business Loans
  Construction and
Development
Loans
  Total 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Amounts due:            
Within one year or less $31,998  $25,672  $57,670 
After one year through five years  49,846   29,971   79,817 
After five years  5,871   26,365   32,236 
Total due after one year  55,717   56,336   112,053 
Total commercial and construction loans $87,715  $82,008  $169,723 

 

The following table presents, as of December 31, 2011, the dollar amount of the Company’s construction and development loans and its commercial loans due after one year and whether these loans have fixed interest rates or adjustable interest rates.

 

  Due After One Year 
  Fixed Rate  Adjustable
Rate
  Total 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Commercial business loans $28,392  $27,325  $55,717 
Construction and development loans  37,983   18,353   56,336 
Total loans due after one year $66,375  $45,678  $112,053 

 

48
 

 

Foreclosed Properties and Repossessed Assets The Company’s foreclosed properties and repossessed assets increased to $24.7 million at December 31, 2011, compared to $19.3 million at December 31, 2010. This increase was caused by foreclosures related to a number of commercial real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, single-family residential loans. This increase was partially offset by sales of foreclosed real estate, as well as continued charge-offs on foreclosed properties. This latter development was due to continued declines in real estate values and weak economic conditions, as previously described. Management expects foreclosed properties and repossessed assets to remain elevated in the near term as the Company continues to work out its non-performing loans. Refer to “Financial Condition—Asset Quality,” below.

 

Goodwill In prior years the Company had recorded goodwill as the result of its acquisitions of two financial institutions in 1997 and 2000. In the second quarter of 2011, in connection with the preparation of its financial statements for the quarter, management determined that the value of the Company’s goodwill was impaired. The Company performed an interim goodwill impairment test during the second quarter as a result of a number of developments during that period including a continued decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization and the announcement that the Company and Bank had each entered into a separate MOU with regulators. In order to determine the fair value of goodwill, as well as the amount of the impairment, management obtained a third-party independent appraisal of the Company and its assets and liabilities. The fair value of the Company, which consists of a single reporting unit, was estimated using a weighted average of three valuation methodologies, including a public market peers approach, a comparable transactions approach, and a discounted cash flow approach. A comparison of the weighted average value from these approaches to the net carrying value of the Company indicated that potential impairment existed. The weighted average value of the Company was subsequently compared to the estimated net fair value of the Company’s individual assets and liabilities. As a result of this comparison, management concluded that the Company’s goodwill was impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $52.6 million in the second quarter of 2011, which represented the total amount of the Company’s goodwill. This impairment was a non-cash charge and had no effect on the liquidity, operations, tangible capital, or regulatory capital of the Company or the Bank.

 

Mortgage Servicing Rights The carrying value of the Company’s MSRs was $7.4 million at December 31, 2011, compared to $7.8 million at December 31, 2010, net of valuation allowances of $868,000 and $6,000, respectively. As of both December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company serviced $1.1 billion in loans for third-party investors. For additional information, refer to “Results of Operations—Non-Interest Income,” above, and “Critical Accounting Policies—Mortgage Servicing Rights,” below, as well as “Item 1. Business—Lending Activities,” above.

 

Other Assets Other assets consist of the following items on the dates indicated:

 

  December 31 
  2011  2010 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Accrued interest receivable:        
Mortgage-related securities $1,320  $1,432 
Investment securities  537   511 
Loans receivable  4,664   5,506 
Total accrued interest receivable  6,521   7,449 
Bank owned life insurance  56,604   55,600 
Premises and equipment  50,423   51,165 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost  46,092   46,092 
Prepaid FDIC insurance premiums  5,673   8,694 
Current and deferred income taxes  37,493   63,639 
Other assets  22,020   22,070 
Total other assets $224,826  $254,709 

 

BOLI is long-term life insurance on the lives of certain current and past employees where the insurance policy benefits and ownership are retained by the employer. Its cash surrender value is an asset that the Company uses to partially offset the future cost of employee benefits. The cash value accumulation on BOLI is permanently tax deferred if the policy is held to the insured person’s death and certain other conditions are met. The increase in BOLI in 2011 was a result of the increase in the accumulated cash value of the insurance policies during the period.

 

The Company and its subsidiaries conduct their business through an executive office and 79 banking offices, which had an aggregate net book value of $48.2 million as of December 31, 2011, excluding furniture, fixtures, and equipment. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned the building and land for 69 of its property locations and leased the space for 11.

 

49
 

 

The Company’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB of Chicago did not change in 2011. The FHLB of Chicago requires that its members own its common stock as a condition for borrowing; the stock is redeemable at par. As of December 31, 2011, the Company owned substantially more common stock of the FHLB of Chicago than it would otherwise be required to own given its asset size or level of borrowings from the FHLB of Chicago. However, approximately $18.4 million of this investment was redeemed by the FHLB of Chicago in February 2012. For additional discussion refer to the section entitled “Federal Home Loan Bank System” in “Item 1. Business—Regulation and Supervision.”

 

The Company’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB of Chicago is carried at cost (par value) and is periodically reviewed for impairment. Investments in FHLB common stock are considered to be long-term investments under GAAP. Accordingly, the evaluation of FHLB common stock for impairment is based on management’s assessment of the ultimate recoverability at the stock’s par value rather than by temporary declines in its value. Based on a review of the FHLB of Chicago’s results of operations, capital, liquidity, commitments, and other activities during 2011, as well as the continued status of the FHLB System as a government-sponsored entity, management concluded that the Company’s FHLB stock was not impaired as of December 31, 2011. However, this conclusion is subject to numerous factors outside the Company’s control, including, but not limited to, future legislative or regulatory changes and/or adverse economic developments that could have a negative impact on the Company’s investment in the common stock of the FHLB of Chicago. Accordingly, a future determination of impairment could result in significant losses being recorded through earnings in future periods.

 

Prepaid FDIC insurance premiums declined from $8.7 million at December 31, 2010, to $5.7 million at December 31, 2011. In December 2009 the FDIC required insured financial institutions to prepay their estimated FDIC deposit insurance premiums through 2012. The regular quarterly payments to the FDIC that are otherwise required from the Company have been applied against this amount and expensed on a quarterly basis, which is the reason for the decline in the prepaid balance during 2011.

 

The Company’s current and deferred income taxes decreased by $26.1 million or 41.1% during the year ended December 31, 2011. This decrease was due to the receipt of tax refunds in 2011 related to a pre-tax loss in 2010 and the carryback of such loss to 2009 and 2008. Contributing to a lesser degree was a decrease in deferred income taxes related to unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of the related income tax effect. As of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company’s net deferred tax asset was $37.5 million and $40.3 million, respectively. Management evaluates this asset on an on-going basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required. Management determined that no valuation allowance was required as of these dates. Refer to “Critical Accounting Policies,” below, for additional discussion.

 

Deposit Liabilities Deposit liabilities decreased by $56.6 million or 2.7% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011, to $2.0 billion compared to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2010. Core deposits, consisting of checking, savings, and money market accounts, increased by $30.9 million or 3.3% during the year while certificates of deposit declined by $87.5 million or 7.7%. The Company has reduced the rates it offers on this product during the past year in an effort to manage its overall liquidity position, which has resulted in a decline in certificates of deposit since December 31, 2010.

 

50
 

 

The following table presents the distribution of the Company’s deposit accounts at the dates indicated by dollar amount and percent of portfolio, and the weighted average rate.

 

  December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
     Percent  Weighted     Percent  Weighted     Percent  Weighted 
     of Total  Average     of Total  Average     of Total  Average 
     Deposit  Nominal     Deposit  Nominal     Deposit  Nominal 
  Amount  Liabilities  Rate  Amount  Liabilities  Rate  Amount  Liabilities  Rate 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Regular savings $204,263   10.10%   0.03%  $210,334   10.12%   0.04%  $196,983   9.22%   0.06% 
Interest-bearing demand  229,990   11.38   0.01   219,136   10.54   0.02   211,448   9.89   0.04 
Money market savings  432,248   21.38   0.19   423,923   20.40   0.57   345,144   16.14   0.58 
Non-interest bearing demand  112,211   5.55   0.00   94,446   4.54   0.00   94,619   4.43   0.00 
Total demand accounts  978,712   48.41   0.09   947,839   45.60   0.27   848,194   39.68   0.26 
Certificates of deposit:                                    
With original maturities of:                                    
Three months or less  9,988   0.49   0.11   12,922   0.62   0.25   17,645   0.83   0.63 
Over three to 12 months  162,949   8.06   0.50   194,458   9.36   0.94   239,660   11.21   1.60 
Over 12 to 24 months  569,485   28.17   1.10   663,576   31.93   1.60   812,154   37.99   2.62 
Over 24 to 36 months  138,677   6.86   1.98   92,268   4.44   2.10   46,550   2.18   2.39 
Over 36 to48 months  1,282   0.06   4.31   5,137   0.25   4.36   5,126   0.24   4.38 
Over 48 to 60 months  160,570   7.95   3.68   162,110   7.81   3.81   168,179   7.87   3.99 
Over 60 months                           
Total certificates of deposit  1,042,951   51.59   1.51   1,130,471   54.40   1.84   1,289,314   60.32   2.58 
Total deposit liabilities $2,021,663   100.00%   0.82%  $2,078,310   100.00%   1.12%  $2,137,508   100.00%   1.66% 

 

At December 31, 2011, the Company had $291.4 million in certificates of deposit with balances of $100,000 and over maturing as follows:

 

  Amount 
  (In thousands) 
Maturing in:    
Three months or less $51,330 
Over three months through six months  57,864 
Over six months through 12 months  96,603 
Over 12 months through 24 months  64,751 
Over 24 months through 36 months  17,089 
Over 36 months  3,748 
Total certificates of deposits greater than $100,000 $291,385 

 

The following table presents the Company’s activity in its deposit liabilities for the periods indicated:

 

  Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Total deposit liabilities at beginning of period $2,078,310  $2,137,508  $2,128,277 
Net withdrawals  (74,632)  (85,039)  (31,341)
Interest credited, net of penalties  17,986   25,841   40,572 
Total deposit liabilities at end of period $2,021,663  $2,078,310  $2,137,508 

  

Borrowings The Company’s borrowings, which consist of advances from the FHLB of Chicago, increased slightly in 2011. The Company’s advances from the FHLB of Chicago are subject to significant prepayment penalties if repaid by the Company prior to their stated maturity. In December 2010, the Company repaid $756.0 million in high-cost borrowings that had an average remaining maturity of six years. The Company recognized a one-time charge of $89.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2010, as previously noted. As of December 31, 2011, $100.0 million in advances from the FHLB of Chicago that mature in July 2012 are redeemable at the option of the FHLB of Chicago, although management believes such is unlikely to occur.

 

Management believes that additional funds are available to be borrowed from the FHLB of Chicago or other sources in the future to fund loan originations or security purchases or to fund existing advances as they mature if needed or desirable. There can be no assurances of the future availability of borrowings or any particular level of future borrowings. For additional information refer to “Item 1. Business—Borrowings.”

 

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The following table sets forth certain information regarding the Company’s borrowings at the end of and during the periods indicated:

 

  At or For the Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009  2008  2007 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Balance outstanding at end of year:                    
FHLB term advances $153,091  $149,934  $906,979  $907,971  $912,459 
Overnight borrowings from FHLB               
Weighted average interest rate at end of year:                    
FHLB term advances  4.69%   4.79%   4.26%   4.26%   4.27% 
Overnight borrowings from FHLB               
Maximum amount outstanding during the year:                    
FHLB term advances $199,493  $906,979  $907,971  $912,459  $921,781 
Overnight borrowings from FHLB           5,000   52,100 
Other borrowings           1,103    
Average amount outstanding during the year:                    
FHLB term advances $156,521  $871,212  $907,443  $910,517  $865,540 
Overnight borrowings from FHLB           22   3,570 
Other borrowings           3    
Weighted average interest rate during the year:                    
FHLB term advances  4.59%   4.32%   4.32%   4.34%   4.34% 
Overnight borrowings from FHLB           3.75%   5.56% 
Other borrowings           1.92%    

 

Shareholders’ Equity The Company’s shareholders’ equity decreased from $313.0 million at December 31, 2010, to $265.8 million at December 31, 2011. This decrease was principally caused by the $52.6 million goodwill impairment, as previously described. The Company’s ratio of shareholders’ equity to total assets was 10.64% at December 31, 2011, compared to 12.07% at December 31, 2010. If goodwill had been excluded from shareholders’ equity and total assets as of December 31, 2010, this ratio would have been 10.25% as of that date. Book value per share of the Company’s common stock was $5.75 at December 31, 2011, compared to $6.84 at December 31, 2010. If goodwill had been excluded from this computation at December 31, 2010, this value would have been $5.69 as of that date.

 

During 2011 the Company paid total cash dividends of $0.06 per share. The dividend payout ratio during this period was 57.5% of earnings excluding the goodwill impairment. On February 6, 2012, the Company’s board of directors announced that it had declared a $0.01 per share dividend payable on March 1, 2012, to shareholders of record on February 17, 2012. In 2011 the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock and the Company does not currently have a program authorizing the purchase of shares.

 

The payment of dividends or the repurchase of common stock by the Company is highly dependent on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends or otherwise distribute capital to the Company. Such payments are subject to any requirements imposed by law or regulations and to the application and interpretation thereof by the OCC and FRB, which have become increasingly strict as to the amount of capital it expects financial institutions to maintain. The Company cannot provide any assurances that dividends will continue to be paid, the amount of any such dividends, or the possible future resumption of share repurchases. For further information about factors which could affect the Company’s payment of dividends (including the MOUs), refer to “Item 1. Business—Regulation and Supervision,” as well as “Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities,” above.

 

52
 

 

Asset Quality The following table presents information regarding non-accrual mortgage loans, consumer loans, commercial business loans, accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more, and foreclosed properties and repossessed assets as of the dates indicated.

 

  December 31 
  2011  2010  2009  2008  2007 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Non-accrual mortgage loans:                    
One- to four-family $14,868  $18,684  $12,126  $8,185  $2,446 
Multi-family  22,905   31,660   3,357   13,255   3,702 
Commercial real estate  23,997   41,244   18,840   5,573   2,056 
Construction and development  9,368   26,563   4,859   2,847   3,047 
Total non-accrual mortgage loans  71,138   118,151   39,182   29,860   11,251 
Non-accrual consumer loans:                    
Secured by real estate  1,457   1,369   1,433   759   585 
Other consumer loans  207   275   212   400   345 
Total non-accrual consumer loans  1,664   1,644   1,645   1,159   930 
Non-accrual commercial business loans  1,642   2,779   923   1,494   159 
Total non-accrual loans  74,444   122,574   41,750   32,513   12,340 
Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more (1)  696   373   834   576   602 
Total non-performing loans  75,140   122,947   42,584   33,089   12,942 
Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets  24,724   19,293   17,689   4,768   3,687 
Total non-performing assets $99,864  $142,240  $60,273  $37,857  $16,629 
                     
Non-performing loans to total loans  5.69%   9.29%   2.83%   1.81%   0.65% 
Non-performing assets to total assets  4.00%   5.49%   1.72%   1.08%   0.48% 
Interest income that would have been recognized if non-accrual loans had been current $4,535  $4,734  $2,671  $2,519  $1,002 

 

(1)Consists of student loans that are guaranteed under programs sponsored by the U.S. government.

 

The Company’s level of non-performing loans has been elevated in recent years due to weak economic conditions and high unemployment rates, which has strained the financial condition of many borrowers and has resulted in higher levels of loan delinquencies. As a result, many properties securing the Company’s loans have experienced increased vacancy rates, reduced lease rates, and/or delays in unit sales, as well as lower real estate values. Although the Company’s non-performing loans remained elevated in 2011 due to these conditions, total non-performing loans declined by $47.8 million or 38.9% during the year from $122.9 million at December 31, 2010, to $75.1 million at December 31, 2011. Most of this decline was attributable to a $43.2 million aggregate decrease in non-performing commercial real estate, multi-family, and construction loans. In 2011 six larger loan relationships that aggregated $14.5 million were paid off (the Company recorded $4.1 million in charge-offs related to these loans), six larger loan relationships that aggregated $17.8 million were foreclosed (the Company recorded $5.3 million in charge-offs related to these loans), and the Company recorded $8.9 million in charge-offs related to seven larger loan relationships that that continued to be classified as non-performing as of December 31, 2011. The aggregate balance for these latter loans was $19.4 million (prior to the charge-offs). Finally, non-performing one- to four-family loans and non-performing commercial business loans declined by $3.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011.

 

As of December 31, 2011, non-performing loans included $25.2 million in loans that were current on all contractual principal and interest payments, but which management determined should be classified as non-performing in light of underlying difficulties with the properties that secure the loans, as well as an increasingly strict regulatory environment. In most cases, interest income is no longer being accrued on these loans and periodic payments are being applied against the recorded investment in the loan.

 

The Company’s foreclosed properties and repossessed assets increased by $5.4 million or 28.2% during the twelve months ended December 31, 2011. This increase was due in part to $17.8 million in larger foreclosures mentioned in a prior paragraph, as well as additional foreclosures related to smaller loans. These increases were offset in large part by sales of foreclosed properties during the period, as well as charge-offs on foreclosed properties due to continued declines in real estate values and weak economic conditions, as previously described.

 

53
 

 

The Company’s non-performing assets increased by $82.0 million or 136% in 2010 due in part to 15 unrelated loan relationships that aggregated $38.1 million that were current with respect to all contractual principal and interest payments. Management determined that these loans should be classified as non-performing as of December 31, 2010, in light of underlying difficulties with the properties that secure the loans, as well as an increasingly strict regulatory environment. These loans were secured by commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, undeveloped land, and commercial business assets. Also contributing to the increase in non-performing assets in 2010 were 16 larger loan relationships that aggregated $49.2 million that defaulted during the year. These loans were secured by commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, single-family real estate, undeveloped land, and commercial business assets. Also in 2010, non-performing one- to four-family loans increased by $4.0 million, smaller non-performing commercial business loans increased by $5.8 million, smaller non-performing commercial and multi-family real estate loans increased by $2.0 million, and foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets increased by $1.6 million. These developments were partially offset by the combined effects of loan charge-offs and a small decline in non-performing student loans during the year.

 

The Company’s non-performing assets increased by $22.4 million or 59.2% in 2009. This increase was primarily caused by the default of $15.4 million in loans to seven borrowers that were secured by office and retail buildings, townhomes, and improved land. Also contributing was a $3.9 million increase in non-performing one- to four-family residential loans and a $744,000 increase in non-performing consumer and student loans. Foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets also increased by $12.9 million during 2009, due primarily to the foreclosure of a $9.1 million loan secured by a completed condominium development project that had defaulted in the prior year. These developments were partially offset by the combined effects of loan charge-offs and a small decline in non-performing commercial business loans during the year.

 

The Company’s non-performing assets increased by $21.2 million or 135% in 2008. This increase was due in part to a $9.1 million loan on a completed condominium development project that defaulted in that year (as mentioned in a preceding paragraph). Also contributing to the increase in 2008 was a $5.7 million increase in non-performing one- to four-family mortgage loans, as well as smaller increases in non-performing commercial real estate, commercial business, and consumer loans, and foreclosed real estate and repossessed assets. These developments were partially offset by the combined effects of loan charge-offs and small declines in non-performing construction and development loans and student loans during the year.

 

Loans considered to be impaired by the Company at December 31, 2011, totaled $75.1 million as compared to $131.4 million at December 31, 2010, $42.6 million at December 31, 2009, $33.1 million at December 31, 2008, and $20.2 million at December 31, 2007. The average annual balance of loans impaired as of December 31, 2011, was $105.2 million and the interest received and recognized on these loans while they were impaired was $3.3 million.

 

In addition to non-performing assets, at December 31, 2011, management was closely monitoring $51.2 million in additional loans that were classified as “special mention” and $28.5 million that were adversely classified as “substandard” in accordance with the Company’s internal risk rating policy. These amounts compared to $8.9 million and $27.1 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2010, and $9.7 million and $31.3 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2009. As of December 31, 2011, these loans are primarily secured by commercial real estate, multi-family real estate, land, and certain commercial business assets. Although these loans were performing in accordance with their contractual terms, management deemed their classification prudent in light of deterioration in the financial strength of the borrowers and/or the performance of the collateral, including an assessment of occupancy rates, lease rates, unit sales, and/or estimated changes in the value of the collateral. The increase in special mention loans during the year ended December 31, 2011, was primarily caused by the Company’s downgrade of two unrelated loans that aggregate $31.4 million that are secured by a multi-tenant retail complex and two multi-story office buildings. Also contributing were the downgrade of a number of smaller commercial real estate, multi-family, and commercial business loans. Although these loans are performing in accordance with their contractual terms, management determined that classification as special mention was appropriate in light of recent trends in occupancy levels and/or lease rates on the collateral properties. The Company does not expect to incur a loss on these loans at this time, although there can be no assurance.

 

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The following table presents the activity in the Company’s allowance for loan losses at or for the periods indicated.

 

  At or For the Year Ended December 31 
  2011  2010  2009  2008  2007 
  (Dollars in thousands) 
Balance at beginning of period $47,985  $17,028  $12,208  $11,774  $12,574 
Provision for (recovery of) loan losses  6,711   49,619   12,413   1,447   (272)
Charge-offs:                    
One- to four-family  (3,048)  (528)  (397)  (167)   
Multi-family  (5,035)  (140)  (4,523)      
Commercial real estate  (15,286)  (11,621)  (1,989)  (446)  (178)
Construction and development  (2,737)  (3,515)         
Consumer  (1,036)  (776)  (527)  (411)  (412)
Commercial business  (551)  (2,140)  (210)  (34)  (33)
Total charge-offs  (27,693)  (18,720)  (7,646)  (1,058)  (623)
Recoveries:                    
One- to four-family  49   20   1       
Multi-family  248             
Commercial real estate  40   1   19       
Construction and development  550             
Consumer  20   37   33   45   95 
Commercial business  18             
Total recoveries  925   58   53   45   95 
Net charge-offs  (26,768)  (18,662)  (7,593)  (1,013)  (528)
Balance at end of period $27,928  $47,985  $17,028  $12,208  $11,774 
                     
Net charge-offs to average loans  1.96%   1.26%   0.45%   0.05%   0.03% 
Allowance for loan losses to total loans  2.12%   3.63%   1.13%   0.67%   0.59% 
Allowance for loan losses to non-performing loans  37.17%   39.03%   39.99%   36.89%   90.98% 

 

The increases in the Company’s allowance for loan losses in recent years has been caused by the net effects of loan loss provisions and charge-off activity in such years (refer to “Results of Operations—Provision for Loan Losses,” above). Increases in non-performing loans, as well as management’s general concerns regarding weakness in economic conditions, elevated levels of unemployment, and lower real estate values, have resulted in increased provisions for loan losses in recent years. In addition, the Company’s foreclosure and repossession activity has resulted in increased charge-offs in recent years. Management is unable to determine at this time if or when these trends will reverse.

 

The Company’s ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans declined in 2011 as a result of an increase in net charge-offs and a reduced level of provision for loan losses, for reasons previously described. The Company’s ratio of allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-performing loans declined in 2008 and has remained stable since that time as a result of the net effects of the loan loss provision and charge-off activity described above, as well as an elevated level of in non-performing loans.

 

Although management believes the Company’s present level of allowance for loan losses is adequate, there can be no assurances that future adjustments to the allowance will not be necessary, which could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations. For additional discussion, refer to “Item 1. Business—Asset Quality,” above, and “Critical Accounting Policies—Allowance for Loan Losses,” below.

 

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The following table represents the Company’s allocation of its allowance for loan losses by loan category on the dates indicated:

 

   December 31 
   2011   2010   2009   2008   2007 
       Percentage       Percentage       Percentage       Percentage       Percentage 
       in Category       in Category       in Category       in Category       in Category 
   Amount   to Total   Amount   to Total   Amount   to Total   Amount   to Total   Amount   to Total 
   (Dollars in thousands) 
Loan category:                                                  
Mortgage loans:                                                  
One- to four-family  $3,201    11.46%  $3,726    7.76%  $2,806    16.47%  $3,038    24.89%  $3,324    28.23%
Multi-family   7,442    26.65    9,265    19.31    3,167    18.60    4,197    34.38    2,375    20.17 
Commercial real estate   9,467    33.90    21,885    45.61    5,715    33.56    1,113    9.12    1,265    10.74 
Construction/development   4,506    16.13    10,141    21.13    1,172    6.88    400    3.28    400    3.40 
Total mortgage loans   24,616    88.14    45,017    93.81    12,860    75.52    8,748    71.66    7,364    62.54 
Consumer   1,214    4.35    1,427    2.97    2,243    13.17    2,125    17.41    2,266    19.25 
Commercial business   2,098    7.51    1,541    3.21    1,925    11.31    1,335    10.94    2,144    18.21 
Total allowance for loan losses  $27,928    100.00%  $47,985    100.00%  $17,028    100.00%  $12,208    100.00%  $11,774    100.00%

  

Critical Accounting Policies

 

There are a number of accounting policies that the Company has established which require a significant amount of management judgment. A number of the more significant policies are discussed in the following paragraphs.

 

Allowance for Loan Losses Establishing the amount of the allowance for loan losses requires the use of management judgment. The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed adequate by management to absorb probable losses inherent in the loan portfolio and is based on factors such as the size and current risk characteristics of the portfolio, an assessment of individual problem loans and pools of homogenous loans within the portfolio, and actual loss, delinquency, and/or risk rating experience within the portfolio. The Company also considers current economic conditions and/or events in specific industries and geographical areas, including unemployment levels, trends in real estate values, peer comparisons, and other pertinent factors, to include regulatory guidance. Finally, as appropriate, the Company also considers individual borrower circumstances and the condition and fair value of the loan collateral, if any.

 

Determination of the allowance is inherently subjective as it requires significant estimates, including the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on loans, the fair value of underlying collateral (if any), estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans based on historical loss experience, changes in risk characteristics of the loan portfolio, and consideration of current economic trends, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. Higher rates of loan defaults than anticipated would likely result in a need to increase provisions in future years. Loan losses are charged off against the allowance, while recoveries of amounts previously charged off are credited to the allowance. A provision for loan losses is charged to operations based on management’s periodic evaluation of the factors previously mentioned, as well as other pertinent factors. Evaluations are conducted at least quarterly and more often if deemed necessary. If management misjudges a major component of the allowance and the Company experiences an unanticipated loss, it will likely affect earnings. Developments affecting loans can also cause the allowance to vary significantly between quarters. Management consistently challenges itself in the review of the risk components to identify any changes in trends and their causes.

 

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Generally accepted accounting principles require enterprises to determine whether a decline in the fair value of an individual debt security below its amortized cost is other than temporary. If the decline is deemed to be other than temporary, the cost basis of the security must be written down through a charge to earnings. Determination of OTTI requires significant management judgment relating to the probability of future cash flows, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer of the security, and/or the collateral for the security, the duration and extent of the decline in fair value, and the ability and intent of the Company to retain the security, among other things. Future changes in management’s assessment of OTTI on its securities could result in significant charges to earnings in future periods.

 

Income Taxes The assessment of the Company’s tax assets and liabilities involves the use of estimates, forecasts, assumptions, interpretations, and judgment concerning the Company’s estimated future results of operations, as well as certain accounting pronouncements and federal and state tax codes. Management evaluates the Company’s net deferred tax asset on an on-going basis to determine if a valuation allowance is required. This evaluation requires significant management judgment based on positive and negative evidence. Such evidence includes the Company’s cumulative three-year net loss, the nature of the components of such cumulative loss, recent trends in earnings excluding one-time charges (such as the FHLB prepayment penalty in 2010 and the goodwill impairment in 2011), expectations for the Company’s future earnings, the duration of federal and state net operating loss carryforward periods, and other factors. There can be no assurance that future events, such as adverse operating results, court decisions, regulatory actions or interpretations, changes in tax rates and laws, or changes in positions of federal and state taxing authorities will not differ from management’s current assessments. The impact of these matters could be significant to the consolidated financial conditions and results of operations.

 

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Goodwill The Company had recorded goodwill in prior periods as a result of two acquisitions in which the purchase price exceeded the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. In the second quarter of 2011, in connection with the preparation of its financial statements for the quarter, management determined that the value of the Company’s goodwill was impaired. The analysis of goodwill for impairment required the use of significant management judgment.

 

The Company describes all of its significant accounting policies in “Note 1. Basis of Presentation” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

Contractual Obligations, Commitments, Contingent Liabilities, and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

The Company has various financial obligations, including contractual obligations and commitments, that may require future cash payments.

 

The following table presents, as of December 31, 2011, significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations to third parties by payment date. All amounts in the table exclude interest costs to be paid in the periods indicated, if applicable. Further discussion of the nature of each obligation is included in the referenced note to the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

   Payments Due In 
       One to   Three to   Over     
   One Year   Three   Five   Five     
   Or Less   Years   Years   Years   Total 
   (Dollars in thousands) 
Deposit liabilities without a stated maturity  $978,712               $978,712 
Certificates of deposit   709,362   $311,904   $21,685        1,042,951 
Borrowed funds   100,000    233       $52,858    153,091 
Operating leases   1,045    1,915    1,666    3,098    7,724 
Purchase obligations   1,680    3,360    3,360    4,620    13,020 
Deferred retirement plans and deferred compensation plans   1,080    2,203    1,711    7,559    12,553 

 

The Company’s operating lease obligations represent short- and long-term lease and rental payments for facilities, certain software and data processing and other equipment. Purchase obligations represent obligations under agreements to purchase goods or services that are enforceable and legally binding on the Company and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. The purchase obligation amounts presented above primarily relate to certain contractual payments for services provided for information technology.

 

The Company also has obligations under its deferred retirement plan for directors as described in “Note 10. Employee Benefit Plans” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

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The following table details the amounts and expected maturities of significant off-balance sheet commitments as of December 31, 2011. Further discussion of these commitments is included in the “Note 13. Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risk” in “Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

   Payments Due In 
       One to   Three to   Over     
   One Year   Three   Five   Five     
   Or Less   Years   Years   Years   Total 
   (Dollars in thousands) 
Commitments to extend credit:                         
Commercial real estate  $9,006               $9,006 
Residential real estate   31,984                31,984 
Revolving home equity and credit card lines   151,807                151,807 
Standby letters of credit   349   $51       $10    410 
Commercial letters of credit   43,518                43,518 
Unused commercial lines of credit   870                870 
Net commitments to sell mortgage loans   62,025                62,025 

 

Commitments to extend credit, including loan commitments, standby letters of credit, unused lines of credit and commercial letters of credit do not necessarily represent future cash requirements, since these commitments often expire without being drawn upon.

 

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Quarterly Financial Information

 

The following table sets forth certain unaudited quarterly data for the periods indicated:

 

   2011 Quarter Ended 
   March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31 
   (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts) 
Interest income  $23,063   $22,906   $22,017   $21,359 
Interest expense   7,240    6,801    6,531    6,183 
Net interest income   15,823    16,105    15,486    15,176 
Provision for loan losses   3,180    805    1,093    1,632 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses   12,643    15,300    14,393    13,544 
Total non-interest income   5,795    4,759    5,474    7,130 
Total non-interest expense (1)   17,050    71,184    17,920    18,746 
Income (loss) before taxes   1,388    (51,125)   1,947    1,928 
Income tax expense   361    266    610    516 
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interest   1,027    (51,391)   1,337    1,412 
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest   13    14    12    10 
Net income (loss)  $1,040   $(51,377)  $1,349   $1,422 
                     
Earnings (loss) per share-basic  $0.02   $(1.12)  $0.02   $0.03 
Earnings (loss) per share-diluted  $0.02   $(1.12)  $0.02   $0.03 
Cash dividend paid per share  $0.03   $0.01   $0.01   $0.01 

 

   2010 Quarter Ended 
   March 31   June 30   September 30   December 31 
   (Dollars in thousands; except per share amounts) 
Interest income  $31,992   $29,586   $28,441   $22,551 
Interest expense   17,877    17,191    16,730    14,478 
Net interest income   14,115    12,395    11,711    8,073 
Provision for loan losses   3,366    6,150    6,163    33,940 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses   10,749    6,245    5,548    (25,867)
Total non-interest income   8,968    12,390    12,963    6,282 
Total non-interest expense (2)   16,562    17,742    17,278    108,243 
Income (loss) before taxes   3,155    893    1,233    (127,828)
Income tax expense (benefit)   1,051    162    307    (51,430)
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interest   2,104    731    926    (76,398)
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest   (1)           (1)
Net income (loss)  $2,103   $731   $926   $(76,399)
                     
Earnings (loss) per share-basic  $0.05   $0.02   $0.02   $(1.68)
Earnings (loss) per share-diluted  $0.05   $0.02   $0.02   $(1.68)
Cash dividend paid per share  $0.07   $0.07   $0.03   $0.03 
                     

 

(1)Non-interest expense in the quarter ended June 30, 2011, include a $52.6 million goodwill impairment.
(2)Non-interest expense in the quarter ended December 31, 2010, included $89.3 million loss on early repayment of FHLB of Chicago borrowings.

 

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

The Company’s ability to maintain net interest income depends upon earning a higher yield on assets than the rates it pays on deposits and borrowings. Fluctuations in market interest rates will ultimately impact both the level of income and expense recorded on a large portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Fluctuations in interest rates will also affect the market value of all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, other than those with a very short term to maturity.

 

Interest rate sensitivity is a measure of the difference between amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities which either reprice or mature during a given period of time. The difference, or the interest rate sensitivity "gap," provides an indication of the extent to which the Company’s interest rate spread will be affected by changes in interest rates. Refer to "Gap Analysis" below. Interest rate sensitivity is also measured through analysis of changes in the present value of the Company’s equity. Refer to “Present Value of Equity,” below.

 

Due to the nature of the Company’s operations, it is not directly subject to foreign currency exchange or commodity price risk. Instead, the Company’s real estate loan portfolio, which is concentrated in Wisconsin, is subject to risks associated with the state and local economies.

 

To achieve the objectives of managing interest rate risk, the Company’s executive management meets periodically to discuss and monitor the market interest rate environment and provides reports to the board of directors. Management seeks to coordinate asset and liability decisions so that, under changing interest rate scenarios, the Company’s earnings will remain within an acceptable range. The primary objectives of the Company’s interest rate management strategy are to:

 

·maintain earnings and capital within self-imposed parameters over a range of possible interest rate environments;

 

·coordinate interest rate risk policies and procedures with other elements of the Company’s business plan, all within the context of the current business environment and regulatory capital and liquidity requirements; and

 

·manage interest rate risk in a manner consistent with the approved guidelines and policies set by the board of directors.

 

Historically, the Company’s lending activities have been concentrated in one- to four-family first and second mortgage loans. The Company’s primary source of funds has been deposits and borrowings, consisting primarily of certificates of deposit and borrowings which have substantially shorter terms to maturity than the loan portfolio. The Company has employed certain strategies to manage the interest rate risk inherent in the asset/liability mix, including:

 

·emphasizing the origination of adjustable-rate and certain 15-year fixed-rate mortgage loans for its portfolio, and selling certain 15, 20, and 30 year fixed-rate mortgage loans in the secondary market;

 

·emphasizing variable-rate and short-term commercial business loans;

 

·maintaining a significant level of investment securities and mortgage-related securities with a weighted average life of less than eight years or with interest rates that reprice in less than five years; and

 

·managing deposits and borrowings to provide stable funding.

 

Management believes that the frequent repricing of adjustable-rate mortgage loans, the cash flows from 15-year fixed-rate real estate loans, the shorter duration of consumer loans, and adjustable rate features and shorter durations of investment securities, reduce the Company’s interest rate risk exposure to acceptable levels.

 

Gap Analysis Repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which such assets and liabilities are "interest rate sensitive" and by monitoring a financial institution's interest rate sensitivity "gap." An asset or liability is said to be "interest rate sensitive" within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period. The interest rate sensitivity gap is defined as the difference between the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period and the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within that same time period.

 

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A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a specific time period exceeds the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within that specific time period. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within a specific time period exceeds the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within the same period. During a period of rising interest rates, a financial institution with a negative gap position would be expected, absent the effects of other factors, to experience a greater increase in the costs of its liabilities relative to the yields of its assets and thus a decrease in the institution's net interest income. An institution with a positive gap position would be expected, absent the effect of other factors, to experience the opposite result. Conversely, during a period of falling interest rates, a negative gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income while a positive gap would tend to reduce net interest income.

 

The table on the next page presents the amounts of the Company’s interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities outstanding at December 31, 2011, which management anticipates to reprice or mature in each of the future time periods shown. The information presented in the following table is based on the following assumptions:

 

·Investment securities—based upon contractual maturities and if applicable, call dates.

 

·Mortgage-related securities—based upon known repricing dates (if applicable) and an independent outside source for determining estimated prepayment speeds. Actual cash flows may differ substantially from these assumptions.

 

·Loans—based upon contractual maturities, repricing date, if applicable, scheduled repayments of principal, and projected prepayments of principal based upon the Company’s historical experience or anticipated prepayments. Actual cash flows may differ substantially from these assumptions.

 

·Deposit liabilities—based upon contractual maturities and the Company’s historical decay rates. Actual cash flows may differ from these assumptions.

 

·Borrowings—based upon final maturity.

 

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   December 31, 2011 
   Within   Three to   More than   More than         
   Three   Twelve   1 Year to   3 Years -   Over 5     
   Months   Months   2 Years   5 Years   Years   Total 
   (Dollars in thousands) 
Interest-earning assets:                              
Loans receivable:                              
Mortgage loans:                              
Permanent:                              
Fixed  $61,136   $89,877   $151,864   $100,351       $403,228 
Adjustable   78,077    262,860    102,209    36,478   $2,449    482,073 
Construction:                              
Fixed       727    13,213    2,023    9,797    25,760 
Adjustable   1,119    256    874    2,762        5,011 
Consumer loans   102,529    54,453    44,819    20,388    14,751    236,940 
Commercial business loans   41,167    21,281    16,316    7,523    462    86,749 
Interest-earning deposits   68,629                    68,629 
Investment securities                        
Mortgage-related securities:                              
Fixed   48,224    138,237    287,309    156,973    106,611    737,354 
Adjustable   36,703                    36,703 
Other interest-earning assets   46,092                    46,092 
Total interest-earning assets   483,676    567,691    616,604    326,498    134,070    2,128,539 
                               
Non-interest-bearing and interest-bearing liabilities:                              
Non-interest-bearing demand accounts   672    1,992    5,140    4,899    99,524    112,227 
Interest-bearing liabilities:                              
Deposit liabilities:                              
Interest-bearing demand accounts   1,377    4,082    10,533    10,038    203,946    229,976 
Regular savings accounts   1,368    4,048    10,388    9,822    178,636    204,262 
Money market accounts   432,248                    432,248 
Certificates of deposit   300,410    510,462    210,393    21,685        1,042,950 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance       3,192                3,192 
Borrowings   305    100,935    2,859    2,919    46,073    153,091 
Total interest-bearing liabilities   736,380    624,711    239,313    49,363    528,179    2,177,946 
Interest rate sensitivity gap  $(252,704)  $(57,020)  $377,291   $277,135   $(394,109)  $(49,407)
Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap  $(252,704)  $(309,274)  $67,567   $344,702   $(49,407)     
Cumulative interest rate sensitivity gap as a percent of total assets   (10.11)%   (12.40)%   2.70%   13.80%   (1.98)%     
Cumulative interest-earning assets as a percentage of interest-bearing liabilities   65.68%   77.24%   104.22%   120.89%   97.73%     

 

Based on the above gap analysis, at December 31, 2011, the Company’s interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one year exceeded its interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within the same period by $309.3 million. This represented a negative cumulative one-year interest rate sensitivity gap of (12.40)%, and a ratio of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within one year to interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing within one year of 77.24%. Based on this information, over the course of the next year the Company’s net interest income could be adversely impacted by an increase in market interest rates. Alternatively, the Company’s net interest income could be favorably impacted by a decline in market interest rates. However, it should be noted that the Company’s future net interest income is affected by more than just future market interest rates. Net interest income is also affected by absolute and relative levels of earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, the level of non-performing loans and other investments, and by other factors outlined in “Item 1. Business—Cautionary Statement,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and “Item 7. Management Discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

In addition to not anticipating all of the factors that could impact future net interest income, gap analysis has certain shortcomings. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may mature or reprice in similar periods, the interest rates on such react by different degrees to changes in market interest rates, especially in instances where changes in rates are limited by contractual caps or floors or instances where rates are influenced by competitive forces. Interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in market rates (for example, rate changes on most deposit liabilities generally lag changes in market interest rates). Certain assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have features which limit changes in interest rates on a short term basis and over the life of the loan. If interest rates change, prepayment, and early withdrawal levels would likely deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the table. Finally, the ability of borrowers to make payments on their adjustable-rate loans may decrease if interest rates increase.

 

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Present Value of Equity In addition to the gap analysis table, management also uses simulation models to monitor interest rate risk. The models report the present value of equity (“PVE”) in different interest rate environments, assuming an instantaneous and permanent interest rate shock to all interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. The PVE is the difference between the present value of expected cash flows of interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities. The changes in market value of assets and liabilities due to changes in interest rates reflect the interest rate sensitivity of those assets and liabilities as their values are derived from the characteristics of the asset or liability (i.e., fixed rate, adjustable rate, caps, and floors) relative to the current interest rate environment. For example, in a rising interest rate environment, the fair market value of a fixed-rate asset will decline whereas the fair market value of an adjustable-rate asset, depending on its repricing characteristics, may not decline. Increases in the market value of assets will increase the PVE whereas decreases in market value of assets will decrease the PVE. Conversely, increases in the market value of liabilities will decrease the PVE whereas decreases in the market value of liabilities will increase the PVE.

 

The following table presents the estimated PVE over a range of interest rate change scenarios at December 31, 2011. The present value ratio shown in the table is the PVE as a percent of the present value of total assets in each of the different rate environments. For purposes of this table, management has made assumptions such as prepayment rates and decay rates similar to those used for the gap analysis table.

 

       Present Value of Equity 
       as Percent of 
Change in  Present Value of Equity   Present Value of Assets 
Interest Rates  Dollar   Dollar   Percent   Present Value   Percent 
(Basis Points)  Amount   Change   Change   Ratio   Change 
   (Dollars in thousands)         
+400  $189,136   $(145,061)   (43.4)%   8.15%   (38.3)%
+300   225,771    (108,426)   (32.4)   9.52    (28.0)
+200   264,956    (69,241)   (20.7)   10.92    (17.4)
+100   301,196    (33,001)   (9.9)   12.15    (8.1)
0   334,197        0.0    13.22    0.0 
-100   326,798    (7,399)   (2.2)   12.76    (3.5)

 

Based on the above analysis, the Company’s PVE could be adversely affected by an increase in interest rates. The decline in the PVE as a result of an increase in rates is attributable to the combined effects of a decline in the present value of the Company’s earning assets (which is further impacted by an extension in duration in rising rate environments due to slower prepayments on loan and mortgage-related securities and reduced likelihood of calls on certain investment securities), partially offset by a decline in the present value of deposit liabilities and FHLB of Chicago advances. Also based on the above analysis, the Company’s PVE could be adversely impacted by a modest amount by a decrease in interest rates. However, it should be noted that the Company’s PVE is impacted by more than changes in market interest rates. Future PVE is also affected by management’s decisions relating to reinvestment of future cash flows, decisions relating to funding sources, and by other factors outlined in “Item 1. Business—Cautionary Statement,” “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and “Item 7. Management Discussion of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

As is the case with gap analysis, PVE analysis also has certain shortcomings. PVE modeling requires management to make assumptions about future changes in market interest rates that are unlikely to occur, such as immediate, sustained, and parallel (or equal) changes in all market rates across all maturity terms. PVE modeling also requires that management make assumptions which may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. For example, management makes assumptions regarding the acceleration rate of the prepayment speeds of higher yielding mortgage loans. Prepayments will accelerate in a falling rate environment and the reverse will occur in a rising rate environment. Management also assumes that decay rates on core deposits will accelerate in a rising rate environment and the reverse in a falling rate environment. The model assumes that the Company will take no action in response to the changes in interest rates, when in practice rate changes on most deposit liabilities lag behind market changes and/or may be limited by competition. In addition, prepayment estimates and other assumptions within the model are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties, and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Accordingly, although the PVE model may provide an estimate of the Company’s interest rate risk at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in interest rates on the Company’s PVE.

 

63
 

 

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Bank Mutual Corporation

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Bank Mutual Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Bank Mutual Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 5, 2012, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

March 5, 2012

 

64
 

 

Bank Mutual Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

 

   December 31 
   2011   2010 
   (Dollars in thousands) 
Assets          
           
Cash and due from banks  $52,306   $48,393 
Interest-earning deposits in banks   68,629    184,439 
Cash and cash equivalents   120,935    232,832 
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value:          
Investment securities       228,023 
Mortgage-related securities   781,770    435,234 
Loans held-for-sale, net   19,192    37,819 
Loans receivable, net   1,319,636    1,323,569 
Foreclosed properties and repossessed assets   24,724    19,293 
Goodwill       52,570 
Mortgage servicing rights, net   7,401    7,769 
Other assets   224,826    254,709 
           
Total assets  $2,498,484   $2,591,818 
           
Liabilities and equity          
           
Liabilities:          
Deposit liabilities  $2,021,663   $2,078,310 
Borrowings   153,091    149,934 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance   3,192    2,697 
Other liabilities   51,842    44,999 
Total liabilities   2,229,788    2,275,940 
Equity:          
Preferred stock–$0.01 par value:          
Authorized–20,000,000 shares in 2011 and 2010
Issued and outstanding–none in 2011 and 2010
        
Common stock–$0.01 par value:          
Authorized–200,000,000 shares in 2011 and 2010
Issued–78,783,849 shares in 2011 and 2010
          
Outstanding–46,228,984 shares in 2011 and 45,769,443 in 2010   788    788 
Additional paid-in capital   490,159    494,377 
Retained earnings   140,793    191,238 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)   (5,379)   (6,897)
Treasury stock–32,554,865 shares in 2011 and 33,014,406 in 2010   (360,590)   (366,553)
Total shareholders' equity   265,771    312,953 
Non-controlling interest in real estate partnership   2,925    2,925 
Total equity including non-controlling interest   268,696    315,878 
           
Total liabilities and equity  $2,498,484   $2,591,818 

 

Refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

65
 

 

Bank Mutual Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

Consolidated Statements of Income

 

   Year Ended December 31 
   2011   2010   2009 
   (Dollars in thousands, except per share data) 
Interest income:               
Loans  $69,936   $79,266   $95,802 
Investment securities   2,877    15,428    18,199 
Mortgage-related securities   16,374    17,445    37,734 
Interest-earning deposits   158    430    79 
Total interest income   89,345    112,569    151,814 
Interest expense:               
Deposit liabilities   19,568    28,606    44,568 
Borrowings   7,183    37,664    39,205 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance   5    6    11 
Total interest expense   26,756    66,276    83,784 
Net interest income   62,589    46,293    68,030 
Provision for loan losses   6,710    49,619    12,413 
Net interest income (loss) after provision for loan losses   55,879    (3,326)   55,617 
Non-interest income:               
Service charges on deposits   6,429