10-Q 1 g16458e10vq.htm FORM 10-Q Form 10-Q
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(mark one)
     
x   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2008
or
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____ to ____
Commission File Number: 000-31225
(LOGO), Inc.
 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Tennessee   62-1812853
     
(State or other jurisdiction of   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)    
     
211 Commerce Street, Suite 300, Nashville, Tennessee   37201
     
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)
(615) 744-3700
 
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
 
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changes since last report)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes x                                     No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
     
Large Accelerated Filer o
  Accelerated Filer x
Non-accelerated Filer o
  Smaller reporting company o
(do not check if you are a smaller reporting company)
   
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o                                     No x
As of October 31, 2008 there were 23,708,607 shares of common stock, $1.00 par value per share, issued and outstanding.

 


 

Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc.
Report on Form 10-Q
September 30, 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
         
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 EX-31.1
 EX-31.2
 EX-32.1
 EX-32.2
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (“Pinnacle Financial”) may from time to time make written or oral statements, including statements contained in this report which may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The words “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “consider,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “should,” “estimate,” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but other statements may constitute forward-looking statements. These statements should be considered subject to various risks and uncertainties. Such forward-looking statements are made based upon management’s belief as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management pursuant to “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Pinnacle Financial’s actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors. Such factors are described in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of Pinnacle Financial’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 and include, without limitation, (i) unanticipated deterioration in the financial condition of borrowers resulting in significant increases in loan losses and provisions for those losses, (ii) the inability of Pinnacle to continue to grow its loan portfolio at historic rates in the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin MSA and the Knoxville MSA, (iii) increased competition with other financial institutions, (iv) lack of sustained growth in the economy in the Nashville-Davidson-Murfreesboro-Franklin MSA and the Knoxville MSA, (v) rapid fluctuations or unanticipated changes in interest rates, and (vi) changes in state and Federal legislation or regulations applicable to Banks and other financial services providers, including regulatory or legislative developments arising out of current unsettled conditions in the economy.. Many of such factors are beyond Pinnacle Financial’s ability to control or predict, and readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. Pinnacle Financial does not intend to update or reissue any forward-looking statements contained in this report as a result of new information or other circumstances that may become known to Pinnacle Financial.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
                 
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
ASSETS
               
 
               
Cash and noninterest-bearing due from banks
  $ 58,670,045     $ 76,941,931  
Interest-bearing due from banks
    3,688,622       24,706,966  
Federal funds sold
    29,039,938       20,854,966  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents
    91,398,605       122,503,863  
 
               
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value
    617,909,350       495,651,939  
Securities held-to-maturity (fair value of $10,813,596 and $26,883,473 at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively)
    10,897,923       27,033,356  
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
    15,161,830       11,251,652  
 
               
Loans
    3,202,909,472       2,749,640,689  
Less allowance for loan losses
    (34,840,853 )     (28,470,207 )
 
           
Loans, net
    3,168,068,619       2,721,170,482  
 
               
Premises and equipment, net
    67,296,594       68,385,946  
Other investments
    25,660,787       22,636,029  
Accrued interest receivable
    17,125,958       18,383,004  
Goodwill
    243,250,854       243,573,636  
Core deposit and other intangible assets
    17,659,468       17,325,988  
Other assets
    63,122,391       46,254,566  
 
           
Total assets
  $ 4,337,552,379     $ 3,794,170,461  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
               
Deposits:
               
Non-interest-bearing
  $ 457,542,942     $ 400,120,147  
Interest-bearing
    331,706,748       410,661,187  
Savings and money market accounts
    677,367,407       742,354,465  
Time
    1,828,546,046       1,372,183,317  
 
           
Total deposits
    3,295,163,143       2,925,319,116  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    198,806,912       156,070,830  
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
    207,239,268       141,666,133  
Subordinated debt
    97,476,000       82,476,000  
Accrued interest payable
    8,419,326       10,374,538  
Other liabilities
    17,879,022       11,653,550  
 
           
Total liabilities
    3,824,983,671       3,327,560,167  
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Preferred stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding
           
Common stock, par value $1.00; 90,000,000 shares authorized; 23,699,790 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2008 and 22,264,817 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007
    23,699,790       22,264,817  
Additional paid-in capital
    416,105,723       390,977,308  
Retained earnings
    76,373,045       54,150,679  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of taxes
    (3,609,850 )     (782,510 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    512,568,708       466,610,294  
 
           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 4,337,552,379     $ 3,794,170,461  
 
           
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
                                 
    Three Months Ended     Nine Months Ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Interest income:
                               
Loans, including fees
  $ 44,075,167     $ 32,750,403     $ 131,694,867     $ 92,283,516  
Securities:
                               
Taxable
    6,005,024       3,387,464       15,434,782       10,127,943  
Tax-exempt
    1,339,930       743,921       4,030,699       2,106,857  
Federal funds sold and other
    452,690       1,464,795       1,647,725       3,075,372  
 
                       
Total interest income
    51,872,811       38,346,583       152,808,073       107,593,688  
 
                       
 
                               
Interest expense:
                               
Deposits
    18,778,955       16,043,425       57,583,697       44,037,317  
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    681,912       2,061,333       2,081,055       5,664,167  
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
    3,130,448       1,282,159       8,820,575       4,189,055  
 
                       
Total interest expense
    22,591,315       19,386,917       68,485,327       53,890,539  
 
                       
Net interest income
    29,281,496       18,959,666       84,322,746       53,703,149  
Provision for loan losses
    3,124,819       772,064       7,503,412       2,460,028  
 
                       
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    26,156,677       18,187,602       76,819,334       51,243,121  
 
                               
Noninterest income:
                               
Service charges on deposit accounts
    2,778,097       1,965,965       8,036,320       5,683,199  
Investment services
    1,271,284       868,738       3,759,779       2,453,505  
Insurance sales commissions
    959,104       563,367       2,612,255       1,829,282  
Gain on loan sales, net
    1,460,478       378,682       2,996,390       1,380,883  
Net gain on sale of premises
                1,010,881       56,078  
Trust fees
    584,927       466,581       1,621,385       1,312,076  
Other noninterest income
    2,199,051       1,088,430       6,641,819       3,193,840  
 
                       
Total noninterest income
    9,252,941       5,331,763       26,678,829       15,908,863  
 
                       
 
                               
Noninterest expense:
                               
Salaries and employee benefits
    13,013,116       9,106,256       39,382,393       26,167,610  
Equipment and occupancy
    3,731,932       2,632,747       11,235,137       7,209,977  
Marketing and other business development
    380,555       375,066       1,234,933       1,057,092  
Postage and supplies
    761,744       474,083       2,253,371       1,453,197  
Amortization of intangibles
    788,267       515,754       2,312,333       1,547,262  
Other noninterest expense
    3,485,581       2,005,752       9,854,795       5,282,516  
Merger related expense
    1,165,177             5,620,216        
 
                       
Total noninterest expense
    23,326,372       15,109,658       71,893,178       42,717,654  
 
                       
Income before income taxes
    12,083,246       8,409,707       31,604,985       24,434,330  
Income tax expense
    3,288,104       2,637,897       8,783,920       7,634,815  
 
                       
Net income
  $ 8,795,142     $ 5,771,810     $ 22,821,065     $ 16,799,515  
 
                       
 
                               
Per share information:
                               
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.38     $ 0.37     $ 1.01     $ 1.09  
 
                       
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.36     $ 0.35     $ 0.96     $ 1.01  
 
                       
 
                               
Weighted average shares outstanding:
                               
Basic
    23,174,998       15,503,284       22,559,449       15,477,339  
Diluted
    24,439,642       16,609,328       23,826,368       16,630,311  
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(Unaudited)
                                                 
    Common Stock                              
                                    Accumulated        
                    Additional             Other     Total  
                    Paid-in     Retained     Comprehensive     Stockholders’  
    Shares     Amount     Capital     Earnings     Loss     Equity  
Balances, December 31, 2006
    15,446,074     $ 15,446,074     $ 211,502,516     $ 31,109,324     $ (2,040,893 )   $ 256,017,021  
Exercise of employee common stock options and related tax benefits
    78,437       78,437       645,118                   723,555  
Issuance of restricted common shares pursuant to 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, net of forfeitures
    28,526       28,526       (28,526 )                  
Compensation expense for restricted shares
                272,260                   272,260  
Compensation expense for stock options
                1,252,638                   1,252,638  
Comprehensive income:
                                               
Net income
                      16,799,515             16,799,515  
Net unrealized holding losses on securities available-for-sale , net of deferred tax benefit of $1,285,456
                            (428,559 )     (428,559 )
 
                                             
Total comprehensive income
                                            16,370,956  
 
                                   
Balances, September 30, 2007
    15,553,037     $ 15,553,037     $ 213,644,006     $ 47,908,839     $ (2,469,452 )   $ 274,636,430  
 
                                   
 
                                               
Balances, December 31, 2007
    22,264,817     $ 22,264,817     $ 390,977,308     $ 54,150,679     $ (782,510 )   $ 466,610,294  
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle due to adoption of EITF 06-4, net of tax
                      (598,699 )           (598,699 )
Proceeds from sale of common stock (less offering expenses of $45,242)
    1,000,000       1,000,000       20,454,758                   21,454,758  
Exercise of employee common stock options, stock appreciation rights, common stock warrants and related tax benefits
    267,403       267,403       3,134,699                   3,402,102  
Issuance of restricted common shares pursuant to 2004 Equity Incentive Plan, net of forfeitures
    167,570       167,570       (167,570 )                  
Compensation expense for restricted shares
                260,439                   260,439  
Compensation expense for stock options
                1,446,089                   1,446,089  
Comprehensive income:
                                               
Net income
                      22,821,065             22,821,065  
Net unrealized holding losses on securities available-for-sale, net of deferred tax benefit of $1,712,941
                            (2,827,340 )     (2,827,340 )
 
                                             
Total comprehensive income
                                            19,993,725  
 
                                   
Balances, September 30, 2008
    23,699,790     $ 23,699,790     $ 416,105,723     $ 76,373,045     $ (3,609,850 )   $ 512,568,708  
 
                                   
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
                 
    Nine months ended  
    September 30,  
    2008     2007  
Operating activities:
               
Net income
  $ 22,821,065     $ 16,799,515  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Net amortization/accretion of premium/discount on securities
    526,022       376,450  
Depreciation and amortization
    4,788,550       2,010,487  
Provision for loan losses
    7,503,412       2,460,028  
Gains on loans and loan participations sold, net
    (2,996,390 )     (1,380,883 )
Net gains on sale of premises
    (1,010,881 )     56,078  
Stock-based compensation expense
    1,706,528       1,524,898  
Deferred tax (benefit) expense
    (1,274,403 )     1,587,523  
Other non-cash operating activities
    194,558        
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation
    (805,414 )     (128,678 )
Mortgage loans held for sale:
               
Loans originated
    (212,279,309 )     (125,018,617 )
Loans sold
    211,353,184       126,137,833  
Decrease in other assets
    7,912,982       1,672,572  
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
    2,672,391       (3,461,145 )
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    41,112,295       22,636,061  
 
           
 
               
Investing activities:
               
Activities in securities available-for-sale:
               
Purchases
    (233,008,882 )     (36,988,675 )
Sales
           
Maturities, prepayments and calls
    105,725,683       30,193,241  
Activities in securities held-to-maturity:
               
Purchases
           
Sales
           
Maturities, prepayments and calls
    16,080,000        
Increase in loans, net
    (472,054,326 )     (232,911,778 )
Purchases of premises and equipment and software
    (6,198,441 )     (5,097,092 )
Proceeds from the sale of premises and equipment
    2,821,702        
Cash used for acquisition
    (3,800,000 )      
Investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other entities
    (2,583,983 )     (1,222,570 )
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (593,018,247 )     (246,026,874 )
 
           
 
               
Financing activities:
               
Net increase in deposits
    371,825,090       205,095,262  
Net increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    42,736,082       4,313,965  
Net (decrease) increase in Federal funds purchased
    (39,862,000 )     19,986,000  
Advances from Federal Home Loan Bank:
               
Issuances
    110,478,047       35,000,000  
Payments
    (13,882,995 )     (53,040,828 )
Net increase in borrowings under lines of credit
    9,000,000        
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt
    15,000,000        
Proceeds from the sale of common stock, net of expenses
    21,454,758        
Exercise of common stock options
    3,246,298       594,877  
Excess tax benefit from stock compensation
    805,414       128,678  
 
           
Net cash provided by financing activities
    520,800,694       212,079,954  
 
           
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
    (31,105,258 )     (11,310,859 )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
    122,503,863       92,518,850  
 
           
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $ 91,398,605     $ 81,207,991  
 
           
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
     Nature of Business — Pinnacle Financial Partners, Inc. (Pinnacle Financial) is a bank holding company whose primary business is conducted by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Pinnacle National Bank (Pinnacle National). Pinnacle National is a commercial bank headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee. Pinnacle National provides a full range of banking services in its primary market areas of the Nashville-Davidson-Rutherford-Franklin and Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Areas.
     In addition to Pinnacle National, Pinnacle Financial, for the time period following its merger with Mid-America Bancshares, Inc. (“Mid-America”) on November 30, 2007 through February 29, 2008, conducted banking operations through the two banks formerly owned by Mid-America: PrimeTrust Bank in Nashville, Tennessee and Bank of the South in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee. On February 29, 2008, Pinnacle National purchased all of the assets and assumed all of the liabilities of PrimeTrust Bank and contemporaneously, through a series of transactions, sold the PrimeTrust Bank charter and rights to operate a branch in Tennessee to an unaffiliated out-of-state third party for $500,000. Pinnacle Financial also merged Bank of the South into Pinnacle National on that date. References to Pinnacle National as of December 31, 2007 include PrimeTrust Bank and Bank of the South.
     Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with instructions to Form 10-Q and therefore do not include all information and footnotes necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles All adjustments consisting of normally recurring accruals that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods covered by the report have been included. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Pinnacle Financial consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing in the 2007 Annual Report previously filed on Form 10-K.
     These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Pinnacle Financial and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. PNFP Statutory Trust I, PNFP Statutory Trust II, PNFP Statutory Trust III, PNFP Statutory Trust IV and Collateral Plus, LLC, are affiliates of Pinnacle Financial and are included in these consolidated financial statements pursuant to the equity method of accounting. Significant intercompany transactions and accounts are eliminated in consolidation.
     Use of Estimates — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term include the determination of the allowance for loan losses.
     Cash Flow Information —Supplemental cash flow information addressing certain cash payments and noncash transactions for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was as follows:
                 
    For the nine months ended September 30,  
    2008     2007  
Cash Payments:
               
Interest
  $ 72,581,518     $ 53,491,752  
Income taxes
    7,500,000       7,850,000  
Noncash Transactions:
               
Loans charged-off to the allowance for loan losses
    2,442,259       809,703  
Loans foreclosed upon with repossessions transferred to other assets
    18,195,935       240,878  
Net unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities, net of deferred tax benefit
    (2,827,340 )     (428,559 )
     Income Per Common Share — Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
common stock were exercised or converted. The difference between basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding was attributable to common stock options, common stock appreciation rights, warrants and restricted shares. The dilutive effect of outstanding options, common stock appreciation rights, warrants and restricted shares is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.
     As of September 30, 2008, there were 2,253,000 stock options and 12,000 stock appreciation rights outstanding to purchase common shares. As of September 30, 2007, there were 1,929,000 stock options outstanding to purchase common shares. Most of these options and stock appreciation rights have exercise prices, which when considered in relation to the average market price of Pinnacle Financial’s common stock, are considered dilutive and are considered in Pinnacle Financial’s diluted income per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. There were common stock options of 418,000 and 352,000 outstanding as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, which were considered anti-dilutive and thus have not been considered in the diluted earnings per share calculations below. Additionally, as of September 30, 2008 and 2007, Pinnacle Financial had outstanding warrants to purchase 370,000 and 395,000, respectively, common shares which have been considered in the calculation of Pinnacle Financial’s diluted net income per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007.
     The following is a summary of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculation for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007:
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the nine months ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Basic earnings per share calculation:
                               
Numerator - Net income
  $ 8,795,142     $ 5,771,810     $ 22,821,065     $ 16,799,515  
 
                               
Denominator - Average common shares outstanding
    23,174,998       15,503,284       22,559,449       15,477,339  
Basic net income per share
  $ 0.38     $ 0.37     $ 1.01     $ 1.09  
 
                               
Diluted earnings per share calculation:
                               
Numerator - Net income
  $ 8,795,142     $ 5,771,810     $ 22,821,065     $ 16,799,515  
 
                               
Denominator - Average common shares outstanding
    23,174,998       15,503,284       22,559,449       15,477,339  
Dilutive shares contingently issuable
    1,264,644       1,106,044       1,266,919       1,152,972  
 
                       
Average diluted common shares outstanding
    24,439,642       16,609,328       23,826,368       16,630,311  
 
                       
Diluted net income per share
  $ 0.36     $ 0.35     $ 0.96     $ 1.01  
Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
     Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements — Pinnacle Financial acquired Cavalry Banking, Inc. in March of 2006. Certain executives and directors of Cavalry Banking, Inc. were participants in a deferred compensation arrangement which included split-dollar life insurance arrangements. In September 2006, the FASB ratified the consensuses reached by the Task Force on Issue No. 06-4 (EITF 06-4) “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefit Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements.” The EITF concluded that deferred compensation or postretirement benefit aspects of an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement should be recognized as a liability by the employer and the obligation is not effectively settled by the purchase of a life insurance policy. The effective date was for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. On January 1, 2008, we adopted this EITF as a change in accounting principle and recorded a liability of $985,000 along with a corresponding adjustment to beginning retained earnings of $599,000, net of tax.
     Accounting for the Sale of Real Estate including Buy-Sell Clauses — In December 2007, the EITF reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 07-6, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate Subject to the Requirements of FASB Statement No. 66, ‘Accounting for Sales of Real Estate,’ When the Agreement Includes a Buy-Sell Clause” (“EITF 07-6”). EITF 07-6 clarifies whether a buy-sell clause is a

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
prohibited form of continuing involvement that would preclude partial sales treatment under FAS No. 66. EITF 07-6 is effective for new arrangements entered into and assessments of existing transactions originally accounted for under the deposit, profit-sharing, leasing, or financing methods for reasons other than the exercise of a buy-sell clause performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007.
     Fair Value Measurement - In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157 (“SFAS 157”), “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies only to fair-value measurements that are already required or permitted by other accounting standards and is expected to increase the consistency of those measurements. The definition of fair value focuses on the exit price, i.e., the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, not the entry price, i.e., the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability at the measurement date. The statement emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement; not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, the fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The effective date for SFAS No. 157 was for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Pinnacle Financial partially adopted SFAS 157 effective January 1, 2008 for financial assets and liabilities. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of Pinnacle Financial. SFAS 157 has not been applied to nonfinancial assets and liabilities pursuant to Financial Statement Position, (FSP) FAS 157-2. This standard is applicable for nonfinancial assets and liabilities for fiscal periods beginning after November 30, 2008. There was no cumulative adjustment required upon partial adoption of SFAS 157.
     In February of 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159 (“SFAS 159”), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, which gives entities the option to measure eligible financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value, on an instrument by instrument basis, that are otherwise not permitted to be accounted for at fair value under other accounting standards. The election to use the fair value option is available when an entity first recognizes a financial asset or financial liability. Subsequent changes in fair value must be recorded in earnings. This statement was effective as of January 1, 2008; however, it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of Pinnacle Financial because Pinnacle Financial did not elect the fair value option for any financial instrument not presently being accounted for at fair value.
     In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active.” This FSP clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. This FSP was effective for the Company upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued; and, therefore was effective for the Company’s financial statements as of and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008. Adoption of FSP No. FAS 157-3 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
     Pinnacle Financial has an established process for determining fair values. Fair value is based upon quoted market prices, where available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models or processes that use primarily market-based or independently-sourced market data, including interest rate yield curves, option volatilities and third party information. Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. Furthermore, while Pinnacle Financial believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies, or assumptions, to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.
Valuation Hierarchy
     SFAS 157 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements. The valuation hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows.
  Level 1 — inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

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  Level 2 — inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.
 
  Level 3 — inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.
     A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Assets
     Securities — Where quoted prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. Level 1 securities include highly liquid government securities and certain other products. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows and are classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In certain cases where there is limited activity or less transparency around inputs to the valuation, securities are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
     Mortgage loans held-for-sale - Mortgage loans held-for-sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value and are classified within level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. The inputs for valuation of these assets are based on the anticipated sales price of these loans as the loans are usually sold within a few weeks of their origination.
     Impaired loans — A loan is considered to be impaired when it is probable Pinnacle Financial will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Individually identified impaired loans are measured based on the present value of expected payments using the loan’s original effective rate as the discount rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the recorded investment in the impaired loan exceeds the measure of fair value, a valuation allowance may be established as a component of the allowance for loan losses. Impaired loans are classified within level 3 of the hierarchy.
     Other investments — Included in other investments are investments in certain nonpublic private equity funds. The valuation of nonpublic private equity investments requires significant management judgment due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such assets. These investments are valued initially based upon transaction price. The carrying values of other investments are adjusted either upwards or downwards from the transaction price to reflect expected exit values as evidenced by financing and sale transactions with third parties, or when determination of a valuation adjustment is confirmed through ongoing reviews by senior investment managers. A variety of factors are reviewed and monitored to assess positive and negative changes in valuation including, but not limited to, current operating performance and future expectations of the particular investment, industry valuations of comparable public companies, changes in market outlook and the third-party financing environment over time. In determining valuation adjustments resulting from the investment review process, emphasis is placed on current company performance and market conditions. These investments are included in level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
     Other assets — Included in other assets are certain assets carried at fair value, including the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance policies and interest rate swap agreements. The carrying amount of the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance is based on information received from the insurance carriers indicating the financial performance of the policies and the amount Pinnacle Financial would receive should the policies be surrendered. Pinnacle Financial reflects these assets within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. The carrying amount of interest rate swap agreements is based on information obtained from a third party bank. Pinnacle Financial reflects these assets within level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Liabilities
     Other liabilities — Pinnacle Financial has certain liabilities carried at fair value including certain interest rate swap agreements. The fair value of these liabilities is based on information obtained from a third party bank and is reflected within level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
     The following table presents the financial instruments carried at fair value as of September 30, 2008, by caption on the consolidated balance sheets and by SFAS 157 valuation hierarchy (as described above) (dollars in thousands):
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2008
                                 
                    Internal        
    Total             models with     Internal models  
    carrying     Quoted     significant     with significant  
    value in the     market prices     observable     unobservable  
    consolidated     in an active     market     market  
    balance sheet     market     parameters     parameters  
          (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Securities available-for-sale
  $ 617,909     $     $ 617,909     $  
Mortgage loans held-for-sale
    15,162             15,162        
Other investments
    1,667                   1,667  
Other assets
    37,341             2,099       35,242  
 
                       
Total assets at fair value
  $ 672,079     $     $ 635,170     $ 36,909  
 
                       
 
                               
Other liabilities
    2,192             2,192        
 
                       
Total liabilities at fair value
  $ 2,192     $     $ 2,192     $  
 
                       
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2008
                                 
                    Internal        
    Total             models with     Internal models  
    carrying     Quoted     significant     with significant  
    value in the     market prices     observable     unobservable  
    consolidated     in an active     market     market  
    balance sheet     market     parameters     parameters  
          (Level 1)     (Level 2)     (Level 3)  
Impaired loans
  $ 17,743     $     $     $ 17,743  
 
                       
Total assets at fair value
  $ 17,743     $     $     $ 17,743  
 
                       
 
                               
Other liabilities
                       
 
                       
Total liabilities at fair value
  $     $     $     $  
 
                       
Changes in level 3 fair value measurements
     The table below includes a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts for the third quarter of 2008 (including the change in fair value) for financial instruments classified by Pinnacle Financial within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, the determination is based upon the significance of the unobservable factors to the overall fair value measurement. However, since level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components,

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources), the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology.
                 
Nine months ended September 30, 2008 (in thousands)   Assets     Liabilities  
Fair value, January 1, 2008
  $ 35,336     $  
Total realized and unrealized gains included in income
    633        
Purchases, issuances and settlements, net
    940        
Transfers in and/or out of level 3
           
 
           
Fair value, September 30, 2008
  $ 36,909     $  
 
           
Total unrealized gains included in income related to financial assets and liabilities still on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2008
  $ 633     $  
 
           
Note 2. Mergers and Acquisitions
     On November 30, 2007, Pinnacle Financial consummated its merger with Mid-America, a two-bank holding company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee.
     In accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Accounting for Business Combinations” (“SFAS No. 141”), SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Intangible Assets” (“SFAS No. 142”) and SFAS No. 147, “Acquisition of Certain Financial Institutions” (“SFAS No. 147”), Pinnacle Financial recorded at fair value the following assets and liabilities of Mid-America as of November 30, 2007. The table below details the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and the updated amounts as of September 30, 2008 for changes in the purchase price allocation recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 (in thousands):
                         
            Changes in        
            purchase price        
    November 30, 2007     allocation        
    purchase price     recorded during     Final purchase  
Mid-America Purchase Price Allocation   allocation     2008     price allocation  
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 60,795     $     $ 60,795  
Investment securities — available-for-sale
    147,766             147,766  
Loans, net of an allowance for loan losses of $8,695
    855,887             855,887  
Goodwill
    129,334       2,298       131,632  
Core deposit intangible
    8,085       1,351       9,436  
Other assets
    49,854       139       49,993  
 
                 
Total assets acquired
    1,251,721       3,788       1,255,509  
 
                 
 
                       
Deposits
    957,076             957,076  
Federal Home Loan Bank advances
    61,383             61,383  
Other liabilities
    27,107       79       27,186  
 
                 
Total liabilities assumed
    1,045,566       79       1,045,645  
 
                 
Total consideration paid for Mid-America
  $ 206,155     $ 3,709     $ 209,864  
 
                 
     In accordance with SFAS Nos. 141 and 142, Pinnacle Financial has recognized $9.4 million as a core deposit intangible. This identified intangible is being amortized over ten years using an accelerated method which anticipates the life of the underlying deposits to which the intangible is attributable. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, approximately $283,000 and $850,000 of amortization was recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as other noninterest expense,

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(Unaudited)
related to this intangible. Amortization expense associated with this identified intangible will approximate $700,000 to $1.1 million per year for the next ten years.
     Pinnacle Financial also recorded other adjustments to the carrying value of Mid-America’s assets and liabilities in order to reflect the fair value at the date of acquisition. The discounts and premiums related to financial assets and liabilities are being accreted and amortized into the consolidated statements of income using a method that approximates the level yield over the anticipated lives of the underlying financial assets or liabilities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, the accretion and amortization of the fair value discounts and premiums related to the acquired assets and liabilities increased net interest income by approximately $426,000 and $2.2 million, respectively. Based on the estimated useful lives of the acquired loans, deposits and FHLB advances, Pinnacle Financial will recognize increases in net interest income related to amortization and accretion of these purchase accounting adjustments of approximately $2.1 million over the next ten years.
     The following pro forma income statements assume the merger was consummated on January 1, 2007 and thus the amounts in the pro forma information below will differ from the actual results as presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The pro forma information does not reflect Pinnacle Financial’s results of operations that would have actually occurred had the merger been consummated on such date (dollars in thousands).
                 
    Nine months ended September 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (unaudited)  
Pro Forma Income Statements:
               
Net interest income
  $ 82,665     $ 80,692  
Provision for loan losses
    7,503       3,692  
Noninterest income
    26,679       21,775  
Noninterest expense
    71,869       65,306  
 
           
Net income before taxes
    29,972       33,469  
Income tax expense
    8,153       10,735  
 
           
Net income
  $ 21,819     $ 22,734  
 
           
 
               
Pro Forma Per Share Information:
               
Basic net income per common share
  $ 0.97     $ 1.03  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 0.92     $ 0.98  
 
               
Weighted average shares outstanding:
               
Basic
    22,559,449       22,153,919  
Diluted
    23,826,368       23,306,891  
     During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial incurred expenses related to the merger with Mid-America of $1,165,000 and $5,620,000, respectively. These expenses were directly related to the merger and consisted primarily of retention awards and costs to integrate systems and are reflected on the accompanying consolidated statements of income as merger related expense.
     Following the merger with Mid-America, on February 29, 2008, Pinnacle National purchased all of the assets and assumed all of the liabilities of PrimeTrust Bank and simultaneously sold the charter of PrimeTrust Bank to an unaffiliated third party for $500,000. Goodwill was reduced for the proceeds of the sale of the charter, and therefore no gain was recorded. Pinnacle Financial also merged Bank of the South into Pinnacle National on that date, leaving Pinnacle National as the sole banking subsidiary of Pinnacle Financial.
     Additionally, during the third quarter of 2008 Pinnacle National acquired Murfreesboro, Tenn.-based Beach & Gentry Insurance LLC (Beach & Gentry). Concurrently, Beach & Gentry merged with Miller & Loughry Insurance & Services Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pinnacle National, also located in Murfreesboro. In connection with this acquisition we recorded a customer list intangible of $1,270,000 which is being amortized over 20 years on an accelerated basis. Amortization of this intangible amounted to $30,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2008. Additionally, if certain performance thresholds

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
are met over the next three years following the date of acquisition, Pinnacle National will be required to pay up to an additional $1.0 million to the former principal of Beach & Gentry.
Note 3. Securities
     The amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 are summarized as follows:
                                 
    September 30, 2008  
            Gross     Gross        
    Amortized     Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair  
    Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
Securities available-for-sale:
                               
U.S. Treasury securities
  $     $     $     $  
U.S. government agency securities
    54,462,796       168,371       844,920       53,786,247  
Mortgage-backed securities
    440,946,820       1,962,453       1,770,346       441,138,927  
State and municipal securities
    126,505,072       253,013       5,483,414       121,274,671  
Corporate notes and other
    1,910,267       9,884       210,646       1,709,505  
 
                       
 
  $ 623,824,955     $ 2,393,721     $ 8,309,326     $ 617,909,350  
 
                       
Securities held-to-maturity:
                               
U.S. government agency securities
  $ 1,997,859     $     $ 38,335     $ 1,959,524  
State and municipal securities
    8,900,064       6,691       52,683       8,854,072  
 
                       
 
  $ 10,897,923     $ 6,691     $ 91,018     $ 10,813,596  
 
                       
                                 
    December 31, 2007  
            Gross     Gross        
    Amortized     Unrealized     Unrealized     Fair  
    Cost     Gains     Losses     Value  
Securities available-for-sale:
                               
U.S. Treasury securities
  $     $     $     $  
U.S. Government agency securities
    69,481,328       220,833       39,598       69,662,563  
Mortgage-backed securities
    297,909,174       1,237,807       1,441,635       297,705,346  
State and municipal securities
    127,220,978       206,102       1,521,273       125,905,807  
Corporate notes
    2,415,783             37,560       2,378,223  
 
                       
 
  $ 497,027,263     $ 1,664,742     $ 3,040,066     $ 495,651,939  
 
                       
Securities held-to-maturity:
                               
U.S. government agency securities
  $ 17,747,589     $ 4,436     $     $ 17,752,025  
State and municipal securities
    9,285,767       4,242       158,561       9,131,448  
 
                       
 
  $ 27,033,356     $ 8,678     $ 158,561     $ 26,883,473  
 
                       
     At September 30, 2008, approximately $584.9 million of Pinnacle Financial’s investment portfolio was pledged to secure public funds and other deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
     At September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, included in securities were the following investments with unrealized losses. The information below classifies these investments according to the term of the unrealized loss of less than twelve months or twelve months or longer:
                                                 
    Investments with an              
    Unrealized Loss of less than     Investments with an Unrealized     Total Investments with an  
    12 months     Loss of 12 months or longer     Unrealized Loss  
            Unrealized             Unrealized             Unrealized  
    Fair Value     Losses     Fair Value     Losses     Fair Value     Losses  
At September 30, 2008:
                                               
 
                                               
U.S. government agency securities
  $ 36,202,253     $ 883,255     $     $     $ 36,202,253     $ 883,255  
Mortgage-backed securities
    169,658,031       1,440,885       19,573,225       329,461       189,231,256       1,770,346  
State and municipal securities
    99,241,374       5,246,285       4,560,036       289,812       103,801,410       5,536,097  
Corporate notes
    273,760       126,240       905,600       84,406       1,179,360       210,646  
 
                                   
Total temporarily-impaired securities
  $ 305,375,418     $ 7,696,665     $ 25,038,861     $ 703,679     $ 330,414,279     $ 8,400,344  
 
                                   
 
                                               
At December 31, 2007:
                                               
 
                                               
U.S. government agency securities
  $ 13,942,078     $ 25,198     $ 2,985,600     $ 14,400     $ 16,927,678     $ 39,598  
Mortgage-backed securities
    51,240,090       181,098       97,593,453       1,260,537       148,833,543       1,441,635  
State and municipal securities
    54,467,544       1,193,763       35,481,739       486,071       89,949,283       1,679,834  
Corporate notes
    527,115       300       1,451,108       37,260       1,978,223       37,560  
 
                                   
Total temporarily-impaired securities
  $ 120,176,827     $ 1,400,359     $ 137,511,900     $ 1,798,268     $ 257,688,727     $ 3,198,627  
 
                                   
     Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Consideration is given to (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and (3) the intent and ability of Pinnacle Financial to retain its investment in the issue for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value. Because the declines in fair value noted above were attributable to increases in interest rates and not attributable to credit quality and because Pinnacle Financial has the ability and intent to hold all of these investments until a market price recovery or maturity, the impairment of these investments is not deemed to be other-than-temporary.
Note 4. Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
     The composition of loans at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 is summarized in the table below. Certain loans have been reclassified at December 31, 2007 to be consistent with the September 30, 2008 classification.
                 
    At September 30,     At December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Commercial real estate — Mortgage
  $ 907,289,656     $ 710,545,533  
Consumer real estate — Mortgage
    631,460,709       539,768,302  
Construction and land development
    651,802,960       582,958,584  
Commercial and industrial
    924,753,114       794,419,213  
Consumer and other
    87,603,033       121,949,057  
 
           
Total Loans
    3,202,909,472       2,749,640,689  
Allowance for loan losses
    (34,840,853 )     (28,470,207 )
 
           
Loans, net
  $ 3,168,068,619     $ 2,721,170,482  
 
           

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
     Changes in the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and for the year ended December 31, 2007 are as follows:
                 
    September 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 28,470,207     $ 16,117,978  
Charged-off loans
    (2,442,259 )     (1,341,890 )
Recovery of previously charged-off loans
    1,309,493       279,491  
Allowance from Mid-America acquisition
          8,694,787  
Provision for loan losses
    7,503,412       4,719,841  
 
           
Balance at end of period
  $ 34,840,853     $ 28,470,207  
 
           
     At September 30, 2008 and at December 31, 2007, Pinnacle Financial had impaired loans on nonaccruing interest status. The principal balance of these nonaccrual loans amounted to $17,743,000 and $19,677,000 at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. In each case, at the date such loans were placed on nonaccrual status, Pinnacle Financial reversed all previously accrued interest income against current year earnings. Had nonaccruing loans been on accruing status, interest income would have been higher by $794,000 and $108,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
     At September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial had granted loans and other extensions of credit amounting to approximately $33,374,000 to directors, executive officers, and their related entities, of which $25,708,000 had been drawn upon. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, $11,163,000 of loan and other commitment increases and $4,925,000 of principal and other reductions were made by directors, executive officers, and their related entities. The terms on these loans and extensions are on substantially the same terms customary for other persons for the type of loan involved. None of these loans to directors, executive officers, and their related entities were impaired at September 30, 2008.
     During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, Pinnacle Financial sold participations in certain loans to correspondent banks and other investors at an interest rate that was less than that of the borrower’s rate of interest. In accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, Pinnacle Financial recognized a net gain on the sale of these participated loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 of approximately $12,000 and $230,000, respectively, which is attributable to the present value of the future net cash flows of the difference between the interest payments the borrower is projected to pay Pinnacle Financial and the amount of interest that will be owed the correspondent bank based on their participation in the loans. Net gains recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were $695,000 and $19,000, respectively. The gain recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2008 of $695,000 resulted from the sale of four related impaired loans to a group of outside investors. At September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial was servicing $143.6 million of loans for correspondent banks and other entities, of which $136.1 million were commercial loans.
     At September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial had $15,162,000 of mortgage loans held-for-sale compared to $11,252,000 at December 31, 2007. These loans are marketed to potential investors prior to closing the loan with the borrower such that there is an agreement for the subsequent sale of the loan between the eventual investor and Pinnacle National prior to the loan being closed with the borrower. Pinnacle Financial sells loans to investors on a loan-by-loan basis and has not entered into any forward commitments with investors for future loan sales. All of these loan sales transfer servicing rights to the buyer. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial recognized $765,000 and $2,289,000 gains on the sale of these loans, respectively, compared to $360,000 and $1,151,000 gains on the sale of these loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007, respectively.
     At September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial owned $12,143,000 in other real estate which had been acquired, usually through foreclosure, from borrowers compared to $1,673,000 at December 31, 2007. Substantially all of these amounts relate to homes and residential development projects that are either completed or are in various stages of construction for which Pinnacle Financial believes it has adequate collateral. Other real estate is included in Other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Note 5. Stockholders’ Equity and Subordinated Debt
     On July 22, 2008, Pinnacle Financial issued one million shares of its authorized but unissued common stock via a private placement to mutual funds and certain other institutional accounts managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. at $21.50 per share.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Proceeds from this sale of common stock are expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including supporting the continued, anticipated growth of Pinnacle National.
     On August 5, 2008, Pinnacle National entered into a subordinated term loan agreement with a regional bank for $15 million. The loan will bear interest at 90-day Libor plus 3.5%, mature in seven years and borrowings under the loan qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. Proceeds from this issuance of subordinated debt are expected to be used for the anticipated growth of Pinnacle National.
Note 6. Income Taxes
     Pinnacle Financial’s income tax expense differs from the amounts computed by applying the Federal income tax statutory rates of 35% to income before income taxes. A reconciliation of the differences for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 is as follows:
                                 
    For the three months ended     For the nine months ended  
    September 30,     September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Income taxes at statutory rate
  $ 4,229,136     $ 2,943,397     $ 11,061,745     $ 8,552,015  
State tax (benefit) expense, net of Federal tax effect
    (103,272 )     45,352       (262,076 )     135,762  
Federal tax credits
    (90,000 )     (90,000 )     (270,000 )     (270,000 )
Tax-exempt securities
    (397,123 )     (217,167 )     (1,246,644 )     (615,896 )
Bank owned life insurance
    (78,750 )     (46,248 )     (313,129 )     (141,066 )
Insurance premiums
    (83,007 )     (103,130 )     (290,542 )     (307,291 )
Other items
    (188,880 )     105,693       104,566       281,291  
 
                       
Income tax expense
  $ 3,288,104     $ 2,637,897     $ 8,783,920     $ 7,634,815  
 
                       
     The effective tax rate for 2008 and 2007 is impacted by Federal tax credits related to the New Markets Tax Credit program whereby a subsidiary of Pinnacle National has been awarded approximately $2.3 million in future Federal tax credits which are available through 2010. Tax benefits related to these credits will be recognized for financial reporting purposes in the same periods that the credits are recognized in the Company’s income tax returns. The credit that was available for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 was $360,000. Pinnacle Financial believes that it will comply with the various regulatory provisions of the New Markets Tax Credit program, and therefore has reflected the impact of the credits in its estimated annual effective tax rate for 2008 and 2007.
Note 7. Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
     In the normal course of business, Pinnacle Financial has entered into off-balance sheet financial instruments which include commitments to extend credit (i.e., including unfunded lines of credit) and standby letters of credit. Commitments to extend credit are usually the result of lines of credit granted to existing borrowers under agreements that the total outstanding indebtedness will not exceed a specific amount during the term of the indebtedness. Typical borrowers are commercial concerns that use lines of credit to supplement their treasury management functions, thus their total outstanding indebtedness may fluctuate during any time period based on the seasonality of their business and the resultant timing of their cash flows. Other typical lines of credit are related to home equity loans granted to consumers. Commitments to extend credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee.
     Standby letters of credit are generally issued on behalf of an applicant (our customer) to a specifically named beneficiary and are the result of a particular business arrangement that exists between the applicant and the beneficiary. Standby letters of credit have fixed expiration dates and are usually for terms of two years or less unless terminated beforehand due to criteria specified in the standby letter of credit. A typical arrangement involves the applicant routinely being indebted to the beneficiary for such items as inventory purchases, insurance, utilities, lease guarantees or other third party commercial transactions. The standby letter of credit would permit the beneficiary to obtain payment from Pinnacle Financial under certain prescribed circumstances. Subsequently, Pinnacle Financial would then seek reimbursement from the applicant pursuant to the terms of the standby letter of credit.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
     Pinnacle Financial follows the same credit policies and underwriting practices when making these commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. Each customer’s creditworthiness is evaluated on a case-by-case basis, and the amount of collateral obtained, if any, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. Collateral held varies but may include cash, real estate and improvements, marketable securities, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and personal property.
     The contractual amounts of these commitments are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements and would only be reflected if drawn upon. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. However, should the commitments be drawn upon and should our customers default on their resulting obligation to us, Pinnacle Financial’s maximum exposure to credit loss, without consideration of collateral, is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments.
     A summary of Pinnacle Financial’s total contractual amount for all off-balance sheet commitments at September 30, 2008 is as follows:
         
Commitments to extend credit
  $ 954,825,000  
Standby letters of credit
    93,971,000  
     Various legal claims also arise from time to time in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these claims outstanding at September 30, 2008 will not have a material impact on Pinnacle Financial’s financial statements.
     Visa Litigation — Pinnacle National is a member of the Visa USA network. Under Visa USA bylaws, Visa members are obligated to indemnify Visa USA and/or its parent company, Visa, Inc. (Visa), for potential future settlement of, or judgments resulting from, certain litigation, which Visa refers to as the “covered litigation.” Pinnacle National’s indemnification obligation is limited to its membership proportion of Visa USA. On November 7, 2007, Visa announced the settlement of its American Express litigation, and disclosed in its annual report to the SEC on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2007 that Visa had accrued a contingent liability for the estimated settlement of its Discover litigation. Accordingly, Pinnacle National expensed and recognized a contingent liability in the amount of $145,000 as an estimate for its membership proportion of the American Express settlement and the potential Discover settlement, as well as its membership proportion of the amount that Pinnacle National estimates will be required for Visa to settle the remaining covered litigation.
     Visa completed an initial public offering (IPO) in March 2008. Visa used a portion of the proceeds from the IPO to establish a $3.0 billion escrow for settlement of covered litigation and used substantially all of the remaining portion to redeem class B and class C shares held by Visa issuing members. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, Pinnacle Financial recognized a pre-tax gain of $140,000 on redemption proceeds received from Visa, Inc. and reversed $63,000 of the $145,000 litigation expense recognized as its pro-rata share of the $3.0 billion escrow funded by Visa, Inc. The timing for ultimate settlement of all covered litigation is not determinable at this time.
Note 8. Equity Compensation
     Pinnacle Financial has two equity incentive plans under which it has granted stock options to its employees to purchase common stock at or above the fair market value on the date of grant and granted restricted share awards to employees and directors. At September 30, 2008, there were 442,186 shares available for issue under these plans.
     During the first quarter of 2006 and in connection with its merger with Cavalry, Pinnacle Financial assumed a third equity incentive plan, the 1999 Cavalry Bancorp, Inc. Stock Option Plan (the “Cavalry Plan”). All options granted under the Cavalry Plan were fully vested prior to Pinnacle Financial’s merger with Cavalry and expire at various dates between January 2011 and June 2012. In connection with the merger, all options to acquire Cavalry common stock were converted to options to acquire Pinnacle Financial’s common stock at the 0.95 exchange ratio. The exercise price of the outstanding options under the Cavalry Plan was adjusted using the same exchange ratio. All other terms of the Cavalry options were unchanged. There were 195,551 Pinnacle shares which could be acquired by the participants in the Cavalry Plan at exercise prices that ranged between $10.26 per share and $13.68 per share.
     On November 30, 2007 and in connection with its merger with Mid-America, Pinnacle Financial assumed several equity incentive plans, including the Mid-America Bancshares, Inc. 2006 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “Mid-America Plans”). All options and stock appreciation rights granted under the Mid-America Plans were fully vested prior to Pinnacle Financial’s merger

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
with Mid-America and expire at various dates between June 2011 and July 2017. In connection with the merger, all options and stock appreciation rights to acquire Mid-America common stock were converted to options or stock appreciation rights, as applicable, to acquire Pinnacle Financial common stock at the 0.4655 exchange ratio. The exercise price of the outstanding options and stock appreciation rights under the Mid-America Plans were adjusted using the same exchange ratio with the exercise price also being reduced by $1.50 per share. All other terms of the Mid-America options and stock appreciation rights were unchanged. There were 487,835 Pinnacle shares which could be acquired by the participants in the Mid-America Plan at exercise prices that ranged between $6.63 per share and $21.37 per share. At September 30, 2008, there were 88,435 shares available for issue under the Mid-America Plans.
Common Stock Options and Stock Appreciation Rights
     As of September 30, 2008, of the approximately 2,253,000 stock options and 12,000 stock appreciation rights outstanding, 1,264,000 options were granted with the intention to be incentive stock options qualifying under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code for favorable tax treatment to the option holder while 989,000 options would be deemed non-qualified stock options or stock appreciation rights and thus not subject to favorable tax treatment to the option holder. All stock options granted under the Pinnacle equity incentive plans vest in equal increments over five years from the date of grant and are exercisable over a period of ten years from the date of grant. All stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the Cavalry Plan and Mid-America Plans were fully vested at the date of those mergers.
     A summary of the stock option and stock appreciation rights activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and information regarding expected vesting, contractual terms remaining, intrinsic values and other matters was as follows:
                                 
                    Weighted-        
                Average        
            Weighted-     Contractual     Aggregate  
            Average     Remaining     Intrinsic  
            Exercise     Term     Value (1)  
    Number     Price     (in years)     (000’s)  
Outstanding at December 31, 2007
    2,398,823     $ 16.84       6.9     $ 23,784  
 
                           
Granted
    163,360       21.51                  
Exercised (2)
    (244,815 )     13.02                  
Forfeited
    (51,917 )     26.53                  
 
                           
Outstanding at September 30, 2008
    2,265,451     $ 17.36       6.3     $ 30,868  
 
                       
Outstanding and expected to vest as of September 30, 2008
    2,232,966     $ 17.19       6.2     $ 30,784  
 
                       
Options exercisable at September 30, 2008 (3)
    1,503,119     $ 12.50       5.3     $ 26,464  
 
                       
 
(1)   The aggregate intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the underlying awards and the quoted price of Pinnacle Financial common stock of $30.80 per common share for the approximately 1.95 million options and stock appreciation rights that were in-the-money at September 30, 2008.
 
(2)   There were 2,367 stock appreciation rights exercised during nine months ended September 30, 2008 resulting in the issuance of 833 shares of Pinnacle Financial common stock.
 
(3)   In addition to these outstanding options, there were 370,000 and 395,000 warrants outstanding at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. These warrants, when exercised, will result in the issuance of common shares.
     During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, 214,890 option awards vested at an average exercise price of $23.75 and an intrinsic value of approximately $6.2 million. On January 18, 2008, Pinnacle Financial granted options to purchase 163,360 common shares to certain employees at an exercise price of $21.51 per share. These options, which were issued as non-qualified stock options, will vest in varying increments over five years beginning one year after the date of the grant and are exercisable over a period of ten years from the date of grant. Pursuant to SAB 110, “Share-Based Payment,” Pinnacle Financial will continue to use the simplified method for estimating the expense of stock compensation during 2008.
     During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the aggregate intrinsic value of options and stock appreciation rights exercised was $3.7 million determined as of the date of exercise. As of September 30, 2008, there was approximately $5.8 million

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years.
     During the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, Pinnacle Financial recorded stock-based compensation expense of $1,707,000 and $1,525,000, respectively using the Black-Scholes valuation model for awards granted prior to, but not yet vested, as of January 1, 2006 and for stock-based awards granted after January 1, 2006. For these awards, Pinnacle Financial has recognized compensation expense using a straight-line amortization method. Stock-based compensation expense has been reduced for estimated forfeitures.
     The fair value of options granted for each of the nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and the following assumptions:
                 
    2008     2007  
Risk free interest rate
    3.20 %     4.72 %
Expected life of options
  6.50 years   6.50 years
Expected dividend yield
    0.00 %     0.00 %
Expected volatility
    24.60 %     21.12 %
Weighted average fair value
  $ 7.07     $ 10.59  
     Pinnacle Financial’s computation of expected volatility is based on weekly historical volatility since September 2002. Pinnacle Financial used the simplified method in determining the estimated life of stock option issuances. The risk free interest rate of the award is based on the closing market bid for U.S. Treasury securities corresponding to the expected life of the stock option issuances in effect at the time of grant.
Restricted Shares
     Additionally, Pinnacle Financial’s 2004 Equity Incentive Plan and the Mid-America Plans provide for the granting of restricted share awards and other performance or market-based awards. There were no market-based awards outstanding as of September 30, 2008 under the 2004 Equity Incentive Plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial awarded 173,168 shares of restricted common stock to Pinnacle Financial directors, officers and associates. The weighted average fair value of these awards as of the date of grant was $22.87 per share. The forfeiture restrictions on 109,795 of the restricted shares awarded to Pinnacle Financial associates lapse in annual increments of 20% over the next five years. The forfeiture restrictions on 26,805 restricted shares awarded to members of Pinnacle Financial’s senior management lapse in three separate traunches should Pinnacle Financial achieve certain earnings and soundness targets over the subsequent three year period. Additionally, the forfeiture restrictions on 26,805 restricted shares issued to members of Pinnacle Financial’s senior management lapse in annual increments of 10% over the next ten years if Pinnacle Financial is profitable in the prior year. The remaining 9,763 restricted shares were awarded to Pinnacle Financial directors with the restrictions on these shares lapsing on the one year anniversary date of the award based on each individual board member meeting their attendance goals for the various board and board committee meetings to which each member was scheduled to attend during the period from March 1, 2008 through February 28, 2009.
     Compensation expense associated with the performance based restricted share awards is recognized over the time period that the restrictions associated with the awards are anticipated to lapse based on a graded vesting schedule such that each traunche is amortized separately. Compensation expense associated with the time based restricted share awards is recognized over the time period that the restrictions associated with the awards lapse based on the total cost of the award. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Financial recognized approximately $260,000 in compensation costs attributable to all restricted share awards issued prior to September 30, 2008. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, $390,000 in previously expensed compensation associated with certain traunches of restricted share awards was reversed when Pinnacle Financial determined that the performance targets required to vest the awards were unlikely to be achieved.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
     A summary of activity for unvested restricted share awards for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 follows:
         
    Number  
Unvested awards at December 31, 2007
    54,349  
New awards granted
    173,168  
Awards whereby restrictions have lapsed and shares released to participants
    (3,230 )
Forfeited awards (i.e., restrictions not met by participants)
    (5,610 )
 
     
Unvested awards at September 30, 2008
    218,677  
 
     
Note 9. Regulatory Matters
     Pinnacle National is subject to restrictions on the payment of dividends to Pinnacle Financial under federal banking laws and the regulations of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Pinnacle Financial is also subject to limits on payment of dividends to its shareholders by the rules, regulations and policies of federal banking authorities. Pinnacle Financial has not paid any cash dividends since inception, and it does not anticipate that it will consider paying dividends until Pinnacle Financial generates sufficient capital through net income from operations to support both anticipated asset growth and dividend payments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, Pinnacle National paid dividend payments of $2.7 million to Pinnacle Financial to fund Pinnacle Financial’s interest payments due on its subordinated indebtedness. At September 30, 2008, pursuant to federal banking regulations, Pinnacle National had approximately $64.9 million of net retained profits from the previous two years available for future dividend payments to Pinnacle Financial.
     Pinnacle Financial and its banking subsidiary are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary actions, by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, Pinnacle Financial and its banking subsidiary must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Pinnacle Financial’s and its banking subsidiary capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
     Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require Pinnacle Financial and its banking subsidiaries to maintain minimum amounts and ratios of Total and Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets and of Tier I capital to average assets. Management believes, as of September 30, 2008, that Pinnacle Financial and its banking subsidiary met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. To be categorized as well-capitalized, Pinnacle National must maintain minimum Total risk-based, Tier I risk-based, and Tier I leverage ratios as set forth in the following table. Pinnacle Financial and its banking subsidiaries actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
                                    Minimum  
                                    To Be Well-Capitalized  
                    Minimum     Under Prompt  
                    Capital     Corrective  
    Actual     Requirement     Action Provisions  
    Amount     Ratio     Amount     Ratio     Amount     Ratio  
At September 30, 2008
                                               
 
                                               
Total capital to risk weighted assets:
                                               
Pinnacle Financial
  $ 392,721       11.24 %   $ 279,959       8.0 %   not applicable
Pinnacle National
  $ 365,172       10.45 %   $ 279,470       8.0 %   $ 349,338       10.0 %
Tier I capital to risk weighted assets:
                                               
Pinnacle Financial
  $ 342,880       9.81 %   $ 139,979       4.0 %   not applicable
Pinnacle National
  $ 315,275       9.02 %   $ 139,735       4.0 %   $ 209,603       6.0 %
Tier I capital to average assets (*):
                                               
Pinnacle Financial
  $ 342,880       8.68 %   $ 157,975       4.0 %   not applicable
Pinnacle National
  $ 315,275       8.00 %   $ 157,618       4.0 %   $ 197,022       5.0 %
 
(*)   Average assets for the above calculations were based on the most recent quarter.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 10. Derivative Instruments
     Financial derivatives are reported at fair value in other assets or other liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship. For derivatives not designated as hedges, the gain or loss is recognized in current earnings. Beginning in 2007, Pinnacle Financial entered into interest rate swaps (“swaps”) to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. Upon entering into these instruments to meet customer needs, Pinnacle Financial enters into offsetting positions in order to minimize the risk to Pinnacle Financial. These swaps qualify as derivatives, but are not designated as hedging instruments.
     Interest rate swap contracts involve the risk of dealing with counterparties and their ability to meet contractual terms. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is positive, this generally indicates that the counter party or customer owes Pinnacle Financial, and results in credit risk to Pinnacle Financial. When the fair value of a derivative instrument contract is negative, Pinnacle Financial owes the customer or counterparty and therefore, has no credit risk.
     A summary of Pinnacle Financial’s interest rate swaps as of September 30, 2008 is included in the following table (in thousands):
                 
    September 30, 2008  
    Notional     Estimated Fair  
    Amount     Value  
Interest rate swap agreements:
               
Pay fixed/receive variable swaps
  $ 138,778     $ 2,099  
Pay variable/receive fixed swaps
    138,778       (2,192 )
 
           
Total
  $ 277,556     $ (93 )
 
           
Note 11. Business Segment Information
     Pinnacle Financial has four reporting segments comprised of commercial banking, trust and investment services, mortgage origination and insurance services. Pinnacle Financial’s primary segment is commercial banking which consists of commercial loan and deposit services as well as the activities of Pinnacle National’s branch locations. Trust and investment services include trust services offered by Pinnacle National and all brokerage and investment activities associated with Pinnacle Asset Management, an operating unit within Pinnacle National. Mortgage origination is also a separate unit within Pinnacle National and focuses on the origination of residential mortgage loans for sale to investors in the secondary residential mortgage market. Insurance Services reflect the activities of Pinnacle National’s wholly owned subsidiary, Miller Loughry Beach Insurance and Services, Inc. Miller Loughry Beach is a general insurance agency located in Murfreesboro, Tennessee and is licensed to sell various commercial and consumer insurance products.

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PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
     The following tables present financial information for each reportable segment as of September 30, 2008 and 2007 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                                         
            Trust and                    
    Commercial     Investment     Mortgage     Insurance        
    Banking     Services     Origination     Services     Total Company  
For the three months ended September 30, 2008:
                                       
Net interest income
  $ 29,225     $     $ 56     $     $ 29,281  
Provision for loan losses
    3,125                         3,125  
Noninterest income
    5,624       1,660       1,009       960       9,253  
Noninterest expense
    20,614       1,256       590       866       23,326  
Income tax expense
    2,904       159       186       39       3,288  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 8,206     $ 245     $ 289     $ 55     $ 8,795  
 
                             
 
                                       
For the three months ended September 30, 2007:
                                       
Net interest income
  $ 18,916     $     $ 44     $     $ 18,960  
Provision for loan losses
    772                         772  
Noninterest income
    2,606       1,458       704       564       5,332  
Noninterest expense
    13,162       915       582       451       15,110  
Income tax expense
    2,315       213       65       45       2,638  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 5,273     $ 330     $ 101     $ 68     $ 5,772  
 
                             
 
                                       
For the nine months ended September 30, 2008:
                                       
Net interest income
  $ 84,151     $     $ 171     $     $ 84,322  
Provision for loan losses
    7,503                         7,503  
Noninterest income
    16,350       4,987       2,729       2,613       26,679  
Noninterest expense
    64,437       3,849       1,833       1,774       71,893  
Income tax expense
    7,586       447       418       333       8,784  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 20,975     $ 691     $ 649     $ 506     $ 22,821  
 
                             
 
                                       
For the nine months ended September 30, 2007:
                                       
Net interest income
  $ 53,557     $     $ 146     $     $ 53,703  
Provision for loan losses
    2,460                         2,460  
Noninterest income
    8,506       3,394       2,172       1,837       15,909  
Noninterest expense
    38,016       1,633       1,712       1,357       42,718  
Income tax expense
    6,514       691       238       191       7,634  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 15,073     $ 1,070     $ 368     $ 289     $ 16,800  
 
                             
 
                                       
As of September 30, 2008:
                                       
End of period assets
  $ 4,311,549     $ 683     $ 17,926     $ 7,394     $ 4,337,552  
 
                             
 
                                       
As of September 30, 2007:
                                       
End of period assets
  $ 2,351,546     $ 393     $ 11,783     $ 4,357     $ 2,368,079  
 
                             

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ITEM 2.   MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following is a discussion of our financial condition at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. The purpose of this discussion is to focus on information about our financial condition and results of operations which is not otherwise apparent from the consolidated financial statements. The following discussion and analysis should be read along with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere herein.
Overview
General. Our rapid organic growth together with our merger with Mid-America Bancshares, Inc. (“Mid-America”), a two-bank holding company in Nashville, Tennessee, on November 30, 2007 and our expansion in the Knoxville, Tennessee market has had a material impact on Pinnacle Financial’s financial condition and results of operations in 2008 as compared to 2007. This rapid growth along with the Mid-America merger and the Knoxville market expansion are discussed more fully below. Our fully diluted net income per share for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $0.36 and $0.35, respectively. Our fully diluted net income per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 was $0.96 and $1.01, respectively. At September 30, 2008, loans totaled $3.203 billion, as compared to $2.750 billion at December 31, 2007, while total deposits increased to $3.295 billion at September 30, 2008 from $2.925 billion at December 31, 2007.
Acquisition — Mid-America. On November 30, 2007, we consummated a merger with Mid-America. Pursuant to the merger agreement, Mid-America shareholders received a fixed exchange ratio of 0.4655 shares of our common stock and $1.50 in cash for each share of Mid-America common stock, or approximately 6.7 million Pinnacle Financial shares and $21.6 million in cash. We financed the cash portion of the merger consideration with the proceeds of a $30 million trust preferred securities offering by an affiliated trust. The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the activities of the former Mid-America since November 30, 2007.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, we incurred merger integration expense related to the merger with Mid-America of $1.2 million and $5.6 million, respectively. These expenses were directly related to the merger, and consisted primarily of severance costs and costs to integrate processing systems and are reflected in the accompanying consolidated statement of income as merger related expense.
Knoxville expansion. During April of 2007, we announced a de novo expansion of our firm to the Knoxville MSA. At that time, we had hired several new associates from other financial institutions in that market and had negotiated a lease agreement for our main office facility with future plans to construct four additional offices over the next few years. In June of 2007, we opened our first full service branch facility in Knoxville and we anticipate opening a second office during the second quarter of 2009. At September 30, 2008, our Knoxville facility had recorded $286.7 million in loan balances and $168.5 million in deposit balances. At September 30, 2008, we employed 27 associates in the Knoxville MSA.
Results of Operations. Our net interest income increased to $29.3 million for the third quarter of 2008 compared to $19.0 million for the third quarter of 2007. The net interest margin (the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets) for the three months ended September 30, 2008 was 3.14% compared to 3.54% for the same period in 2007. Our net interest income increased to $84.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $53.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2007. The net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 was 3.24% compared to 3.59% for the same period in 2007.
Our provision for loan losses was $3.1 million for the third quarter of 2008 compared to $772,000 for the same period in 2007. The provision for loan losses was $7.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to $2.5 million for the same period in 2007. Impacting the provision for loan losses in any accounting period are several matters including the amount of loan growth during the period, the level of charge-offs or recoveries incurred during the period, the changes in the amount of impaired loans and the results of our quarterly assessment of the inherent risks of our loan portfolio.
Noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 compared to the same periods in 2007 increased by $3.9 million, or 73.5% and $10.8 million or 67.7%, respectively. This increase is largely attributable to the fee businesses associated with the Mid-America acquisition, particularly with regard to service charges on deposit accounts, investment services

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commissions, gains on the sale of branch premises and other noninterest income. Included in insurance commissions during the first nine months of 2008 were approximately $450,000 in insurance commissions received from one of our carriers due to favorable claims experience by that carrier.
Our continued growth in 2008 resulted in increased noninterest expense compared to 2007 due to the addition of Mid-America and our expansion into the Knoxville MSA, increases in salaries and employee benefits, equipment and occupancy expenses and other operating expenses. The number of full-time equivalent employees increased from 450.5 at September 30, 2007 to 723 at September 30, 2008. As a result, we experienced increases in compensation and employee benefit expense. In addition to incurring a full year of the Mid-America-related expense in 2008, we expect to add additional employees throughout 2008 which will also cause our compensation and employee benefit expense to increase in 2008 when compared to the comparable period in 2007. Additionally, our branch expansion efforts during the last few years and the addition of the eleven Mid-America branches will also increase noninterest expense. The increased operational expenses for the recently opened branches will continue to result in increased noninterest expense in future periods. Our efficiency ratio (the ratio of noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income and noninterest income) was 60.53% for the third quarter of 2008 compared to 62.20% for the same period in 2007. Our efficiency ratio was 64.80% for the first nine months of 2008 compared with 61.37% for the same period in 2007. These calculations include the impact of approximately $1.2 million and $5.6 million in Mid-America pre-tax merger related charges incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively.
The effective income tax expense rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 was approximately 27.2% and 27.8%, respectively, compared to an effective income tax expense rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 of approximately 31.37% and 31.25%, respectively. The decrease in the effective rate for 2008 compared to 2007 was due to increased investments in bank qualified municipal securities and bank owned life insurance as well as an increase in the state tax benefit.
Net income for the third quarter of 2008 was $8.8 million compared to $5.8 million for the same period in 2007, an increase of 52.4%. Net income for the first nine months of 2008 was $22.8 million compared to $16.8 million for the same period in 2007, an increase of 35.8%.
Financial Condition. Loans increased $453.3 million during the first nine months of 2008. As we seek to increase our loan portfolio, we must also continue to monitor the risks inherent in our lending operations. If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover the estimated loan losses in our loan portfolio, increases to the allowance for loan losses would be required which would decrease our earnings.
We have grown our total deposits to $3.295 billion at September 30, 2008 compared to $2.925 billion at December 31, 2007, an increase of $369.8 million. In comparing the composition of the average balances of our deposits between the first nine months of 2008 with the first nine months of 2007, we have experienced increased growth in our higher cost certificate of deposit balances than in any other category. This increase in reliance on higher cost deposits has contributed to a reduced net interest margin between the two periods.
Capital and Liquidity. At September 30, 2008, our capital ratios, including our bank’s capital ratios, met regulatory minimum capital requirements. Additionally, at September 30, 2008, our bank would be considered to be “well-capitalized” pursuant to banking regulations. As our bank grows it will require additional capital from us over that which can be earned through operations. We anticipate that we will continue to use various capital raising techniques in order to support the growth of our bank.
In the past, we have been successful in procuring additional capital from the capital markets via public and private offerings of trust preferred securities and common stock. On July 22, 2008, Pinnacle Financial received $21.5 million in proceeds from the sale of one million shares of its authorized but unissued common stock via a private placement to mutual funds and certain other institutional accounts managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. at $21.50 per share. Proceeds from this sale of common stock are expected to be used for general corporate purposes, including supporting the continued, anticipated growth of Pinnacle National. On August 5, 2008, Pinnacle National also entered into a $15 million subordinated term loan with a regional bank. The loan will bear interest at three month Libor plus 3.5%, mature in seven years and will qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. This additional capital was required to support our growth.
On October 14, 2008, the United States Department of the Treasury announced the TARP Capital Purchase Program, pursuant to which Treasury will make direct capital investments in participating financial institutions. Under this revised program, healthy

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banks are encouraged to participate in the program. The minimum investment for a financial institution considering participating in the Capital Purchase Program is an amount equal to 1% of its risk-weighted assets and the maximum amount is the lesser of $25 billion or 3% of its risk-weighted assets. The application to participate in this Capital Purchase Program must be received by the institution’s primary banking regulator no later than November 14, 2008 and the investment is expected to be made by December 31, 2008. Pinnacle Financial is evaluating the program.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The accounting principles we follow and our methods of applying these principles conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and with general practices within the banking industry. In connection with the application of those principles, we have made judgments and estimates which, in the case of the determination of our allowance for loan losses and the assessment of impairment of the intangibles resulting from the Mid-America and Cavalry mergers have been critical to the determination of our financial position and results of operations.
Allowance for Loan Losses (“allowance”). Our management assesses the adequacy of the allowance prior to the end of each calendar quarter. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of the loan portfolios, past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay (including the timing of future payment), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans that may be susceptible to significant change. Loan losses are charged off when management believes that the full collectability of the loan is unlikely. A loan may be partially charged-off after a “confirming event” has occurred which serves to validate that full repayment pursuant to the terms of the loan is unlikely. Allocation of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, is deemed to be uncollectible.
Larger balance commercial and commercial real estate loans are impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Collection of all amounts due according to the contractual terms means that both the interest and principal payments of a loan will be collected as scheduled in the loan agreement.
An impairment allowance is recognized if the fair value of the loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (recorded investment in the loan is the principal balance plus any accrued interest, net of deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount, and does not reflect any direct write-down of the investment). The impairment is recognized through the allowance. Loans that are impaired are recorded at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, or if the loan is collateral dependent, impairment measurement is based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated disposal costs. Income is recognized on impaired loans on a cash basis.
The level of allowance maintained is believed by management to be adequate to absorb probable losses in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to expense and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries of amounts previously charged-off.
In assessing the adequacy of the allowance, we also consider the results of our ongoing independent loan review process. We undertake this process both to ascertain whether there are loans in the portfolio whose credit quality has weakened over time and to assist in our overall evaluation of the risk characteristics of the entire loan portfolio. Our loan review process includes the judgment of management, the input from our independent loan reviewer, and reviews that may have been conducted by bank regulatory agencies as part of their usual examination process. We incorporate loan review results in the determination of whether or not it is probable that we will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a loan.
As part of management’s quarterly assessment of the allowance, management divides the loan portfolio into four segments: commercial, commercial real estate, consumer and consumer real estate. Each segment is then analyzed such that an allocation of the allowance is estimated for each loan segment.
The allowance allocation for commercial and commercial real estate loans begins with a process of estimating the probable losses inherent for these types of loans. The estimates for these loans are established by category and based on our internal system of

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credit risk ratings and historical loss data for industry and various peer bank groups. The estimated loan loss allocation rate for our internal system of credit risk grades for commercial and commercial real estate loans is based on management’s experience with similarly graded loans, discussions with banking regulators and our internal loan review processes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we also performed a migration analysis of all loans that were charged-off during the previous two years. A migration analysis assists in evaluating loan loss allocation rates for the various risk grades assigned to loans in our portfolio. We utilized the migration analysis to some extent to determine the loss allocation rates for the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios. Subsequently, we weighted the allocation methodologies for the commercial and commercial real estate portfolios and determine a weighted average allocation for these portfolios.
The allowance allocation for consumer and consumer real estate loans which includes installment, home equity, consumer mortgages, automobiles and others is established for each of the categories by estimating probable losses inherent in that particular category of consumer and consumer real estate loans. The estimated loan loss allocation rate for each category is based on management’s experience, consideration of our actual loss rates, industry loss rates and loss rates of various peer bank groups. Consumer and consumer real estate loans are evaluated as a group by category (i.e. retail real estate, installment, etc.) rather than on an individual loan basis because these loans are smaller and homogeneous. We weight the allocation methodologies for the consumer and consumer real estate portfolios and determine a weighted average allocation for these portfolios.
The estimated loan loss allocation for all four loan portfolio segments is then adjusted for management’s estimate of probable losses for several “environmental” factors. The allocation for environmental factors is particularly subjective and does not lend itself to exact mathematical calculation. This amount represents estimated inherent credit losses which may exist, but have not yet been identified, as of the balance sheet date based upon quarterly trend assessments in delinquent and nonaccrual loans, unanticipated charge-offs, credit concentration changes, prevailing economic conditions, changes in lending personnel experience, changes in lending policies or procedures and other influencing factors. These environmental factors are considered for each of the four loan segments and the allowance allocation, as determined by the processes noted above for each segment, is increased or decreased based on the incremental assessment of these various “environmental” factors.
We then test the resulting allowance by comparing the balance in the allowance to historical trends and industry and peer information. Our management then evaluates the result of the procedures performed, including the result of our testing, and concludes on the appropriateness of the balance of the allowance in its entirety. The audit committee of our board of directors reviews and approves the assessment prior to the filing of quarterly and annual financial information.
Impairment of Intangible Assets — We recorded the assets and liabilities of Mid-America as of November 30, 2007 and Cavalry as of March 15, 2006, at estimated fair value. We engaged a third party to assist us in valuing certain financial assets and liabilities.
Long-lived assets, including purchased intangible assets subject to amortization, such as our core deposit intangible asset, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated.
Goodwill and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives are tested annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the asset’s fair value. Our annual assessment date is September 30. We reviewed our goodwill assets as of September 30, 2008, and concluded that no indications of impairment were present. Should we determine in a future period that the goodwill recorded in connection with our acquisitions has been impaired, then a charge to our earnings will be recorded in the period such determination is made.

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Results of Operations
Our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 were highlighted by the continued growth in loans and other earning assets and deposits, primarily as a result of the Mid-America acquisition and the Knoxville expansion, which resulted in increased revenues and expenses. The following is a summary of our results of operations (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    Three months ended     2008-2007     Nine months ended     2008-2007  
    September 30,     Percent     September 30,     Percent  
                    Increase                     Increase  
    2008     2007     (decrease)     2008     2007     (decrease)  
Interest income
  $ 51,873     $ 38,347       35.3 %   $ 152,808     $ 107,594       42.0 %
Interest expense
    22,591       19,387       16.5 %     68,485       53,891       27.1 %
 
                                   
Net interest income
    29,282       18,960       54.4 %     84,323       53,703       57.0 %
Provision for loan losses
    3,125       772       304.8 %     7,504       2,460       205.0 %
 
                                   
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    26,157       18,188       43.8 %     76,819       51,243       49.9 %
Noninterest income
    9,253       5,332       73.5 %     26,679       15,909       67.7 %
Noninterest expense:
                                               
Merger related expense
    1,165                   5,620             -  
Other noninterest expense
    22,162       15,110       46.7 %     66,273       42,718       55.1 %
 
                                   
Net income before income taxes
    12,083       8,410       43.7 %     31,605       24,434       29.3 %
Income tax expense
    3,288       2,638       24.6 %     8,784       7,634       15.1 %
 
                                   
Net income
  $ 8,795     $ 5,772       52.4 %   $ 22,821     $ 16,800       35.8 %
 
                                   
Our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 included pre-tax merger related expense of approximately $1.2 million and $5.6 million respectively. Excluding merger related expense from our net income resulted in diluted net income per common share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 of $0.39 and $1.10, respectively. We do not anticipate additional merger expense to be incurred pursuant to the Mid-America acquisition after December 31, 2008. A comparison of these amounts to our actual results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and a reconciliation of this non-GAAP financial measure follows (dollars in thousands):
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures:
                                 
    Three months ended September 30,     Nine months ended September 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
Net income, as reported
  $ 8,795     $ 5,772     $ 22,821     $ 16,800  
Merger related expense, net of tax
    708             3,415        
 
                       
Net income, excluding merger related expense
  $ 9,503     $ 5,772     $ 26,236     $ 16,800  
 
                       
 
                               
Fully-diluted net income per common share, as reported
  $ 0.36     $ 0.35     $ 0.96     $ 1.01  
 
                       
Fully-diluted net income per common share, excluding merger related expense
  $ 0.39     $ 0.35     $ 1.10     $ 1.01  
 
                       
The presentation of this non-GAAP financial information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with GAAP. Because non-GAAP financial measures presented are not measurements determined in accordance with GAAP and are susceptible to varying calculations, these non-GAAP financial measures, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures presented by other companies.
Pinnacle Financial believes excluding the impact of merger related expense facilitates making period-to-period comparisons, is a meaningful indication of our operating performance, and provides investors with additional information to evaluate our past financial results and ongoing operational performance.
Pinnacle Financial’s management and board utilize this non-GAAP financial information to compare our operating performance between accounting periods and have utilized non-GAAP diluted earnings per share (excluding the merger related expense) in establishing the performance targets of our 2008 Annual Cash Incentive Plan and in our restricted stock award agreements.

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Net Interest Income. Net interest income represents the amount by which interest earned on various earning assets exceeds interest paid on deposits and other interest bearing liabilities and is the most significant component of our earnings. For the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we recorded net interest income of $29.3 million and $18.9 million respectively, which resulted in a net interest margin of 3.14% and 3.54%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, we recorded net interest income of $84.3 million and $53.7 million respectively, which resulted in a net interest margin of 3.24% and 3.59%.

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The following table sets forth the amount of our average balances, interest income or interest expense for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the average interest rate for total interest-earning assets and total interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread and net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    Three months ended             Three months ended        
(dollars in thousands)   September 30, 2008             September 30, 2007        
    Average             Rates/     Average             Rates/  
    Balances     Interest     Yields     Balances     Interest     Yields  
Interest-earning assets:
                                               
Loans
  $ 3,129,549     $ 44,075       5.60 %   $ 1,697,862     $ 32,750       7.65 %
Securities:
                                               
Taxable
    455,945       6,005       5.24 %     268,358       3,387       5.01 %
Tax-exempt (1)
    134,198       1,340       5.24 %     79,065       744       4.92 %
Federal funds sold and other
    45,890       453       4.37 %     106,298       1,466       5.62 %
 
                                   
Total interest-earning assets
    3,765,582       51,873       5.53 %     2,151,583       38,347       7.12 %
 
                                       
Nonearning assets
                                               
Intangible assets
    261,584                                          
Other nonearning assets
    175,426                       226,918                  
 
                                           
Total assets
  $ 4,202,592                     $ 2,378,501                  
 
                                           
 
                                               
Interest-bearing liabilities:
                                               
Interest bearing deposits
                                               
Interest checking
  $ 373,567     $ 1,109       1.18 %   $ 261,384     $ 2,123       3.24 %
Savings and money market
    706,225       2,856       1.61 %     544,990       4,757       3.46 %
Time
    1,689,221       14,814       3.49 %     714,060       9,164       5.09 %
 
                                   
Total interest bearing deposits
    2,769,013       18,779       2.70 %     1,520,434       16,044       4.19 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    204,101       682       1.33 %     194,774       2,061       4.20 %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
    215,739       1,845       3.40 %     29,946       385       5.10 %
Subordinated debt
    90,465       1,285       5.65 %     51,548       897       6.90 %
 
                                   
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    3,279,318       22,591       2.74 %     1,796,702       19,387       4.28 %
Noninterest-bearing deposits
    409,850                   293,701              
 
                                   
Total deposits and interest-bearing liabilities
    3,689,168       22,591       2.44 %     2,090,403       19,387       3.68 %
 
                                       
Other liabilities
    10,849                       16,445                  
Stockholders’ equity
    502,575                       271,653                  
 
                                           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 4,202,592                     $ 2,378,501                  
 
                                           
Net interest income
          $ 29,282                     $ 18,960          
 
                                           
Net interest spread (2)
                    2.79 %                     2.84 %
Net interest margin (3)
                    3.14 %                     3.54 %
 
(1)   Yields computed on tax-exempt instruments on a tax equivalent basis.
 
(2)   Yields realized on interest-earning assets less the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
 
(3)   Net interest margin is the result of annualized net interest income calculated on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.

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    Nine months ended             Nine months ended  
(dollars in thousands)   September 30, 2008             September 30, 2007  
    Average             Rates/     Average             Rates/  
    Balances     Interest     Yields     Balances     Interest     Yields  
Interest-earning assets:
                                               
Loans
  $ 2,944,422     $ 131,695       5.98 %   $ 1,609,200     $ 92,283       7.67 %
Securities:
                                               
Taxable
    401,268       15,435       5.14 %     271,017       10,128       5.00 %
Tax-exempt (1)
    135,702       4,031       5.23 %     75,694       2,107       4.91 %
Federal funds sold and other
    48,904       1,648       4.86 %     73,677       3,076       5.60 %
 
                                   
Total interest-earning assets
    3,530,296       152,808       5.84 %     2,029,588       107,594       7.14 %
 
                                       
Nonearning assets
                                               
Intangible assets
    259,869                                          
Other nonearning assets
    173,219                       222,964                  
 
                                           
Total assets
  $ 3,963,384                     $ 2,252,552                  
 
                                           
 
                                               
Interest-bearing liabilities:
                                               
Interest bearing deposits
                                               
Interest checking
  $ 385,863     $ 4,577       1.58 %   $ 253,411     $ 6,226       3.29 %
Savings and money market
    715,019       9,676       1.81 %     514,080       13,121       3.41 %
Time
    1,509,602       43,331       3.83 %     661,468       24,690       4.99 %
 
                                   
Total interest bearing deposits
    2,610,484       57,584       2.95 %     1,428,959       44,037       4.12 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    182,698       2,081       1.52 %     174,942       5,664       4.33 %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings
    189,438       4,958       3.50 %     39,395       1,539       5.22 %
Subordinated debt
    85,139       3,862       6.06 %     51,548       2,651       6.88 %
 
                                   
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    3,067,759       68,485       2.98 %     1,694,844       53,891       4.25 %
Noninterest-bearing deposits
    392,200                   278,935              
 
                                   
Total deposits and interest-bearing liabilities
    3,459,959       68,485       2.64 %     1,974,779       53,891       3.65 %
 
                                       
Other liabilities
    18,586                       12,714                  
Stockholders’ equity
    484,839                       265,059                  
 
                                           
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 3,963,384                     $ 2,252,552                  
 
                                           
Net interest income
          $ 84,323                     $ 53,703          
 
                                           
Net interest spread (2)
                    2.86 %                     2.89 %
Net interest margin (3)
                    3.24 %                     3.59 %
 
(1)   Yields computed on tax-exempt instruments on a tax equivalent basis.
 
(2)   Yields realized on interest-earning assets less the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
 
(3)   Net interest margin is the result of annualized net interest income calculated on a tax-equivalent basis divided by average interest-earning assets for the period.

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As noted above, the net interest margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 was 3.14% and 3.24% respectively, compared to a net interest margin of 3.54% and 3.59% for the same periods in 2007. Our net interest margin decreased by .40% when comparing the three months ended September 30, 2008 to the three months ended September 30, 2007 and .35% when comparing the nine months ended September 30, 2008 to the nine months ended September 30, 2007. This decline was the result of our earning asset yields for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 decreasing by 1.59% and 1.30% respectively, from the earning asset yields for the comparable periods in the previous year. Additionally, our funding costs were only 1.24% less between the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 and 1.01% less between the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007. Other matters related to our net interest income, net interest yields and rates, and net interest margin are presented below:
    Our loan yields were 2.05% and 1.69%, respectively, less during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 than during the same periods in 2007. A significant amount of our loan portfolio has variable rate pricing with a large portion of these loans tied to our prime lending rate. Our weighted average prime rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 was 5.00% and 5.43% respectively, compared to 8.18% and 8.22% for the same periods in 2007 reflecting the reduction of the Federal Funds rate between these periods. Our prime lending rate moves in concert with the Federal Reserve’s changes to its Federal funds rate.
 
    We have been able to grow our funding base significantly. For asset/liability management purposes in 2008 and 2007, we elected to allocate a greater proportion of such funds to our loan portfolio versus our securities and shorter-term investment portfolio. For the first nine months of 2008, average loan balances were 74.3% of total assets compared to 71.4% in 2007. Loans generally have higher yields than do securities and other shorter-term investments.
    During 2008, overall deposit rates were less than those rates for the comparable period in 2007. Changes in interest rates paid on such products as interest checking, savings and money market accounts, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and Federal funds purchased will generally increase or decrease in a manner that is consistent with changes in the short-term rate environment. There was a significant decrease in the short term rate environment during the first nine months of 2008 when compared with the first nine months of 2007. As a result, the rates for those products experienced a large decrease between the two periods. However, competitive deposit pricing pressures in our market limited our ability to reduce our funding costs more aggressively and negatively impacted our net interest margin. We routinely monitor the pricing of deposit products by our primary competitors. We believe that our markets are very competitive banking markets with several new market entrants seeking deposit growth. As a result, even though the short-term rate environment may allow for rate decreases in our short-term funding base, these decreases will be limited by competitive pressures.
    During the first nine months of 2008, the average balances of noninterest bearing deposit balances, interest bearing transaction accounts, savings and money market accounts and securities sold under agreements to repurchase amounted to 48.4% of our total funding compared to 61.8% during the same period in 2007. These funding sources generally have lower rates than do other funding sources, such as certificates of deposit and other borrowings. Additionally, noninterest bearing deposits comprised only 11.3% of total funding in 2008, compared to 14.1% in 2007. Maintaining our noninterest bearing deposit balances in relation to total funding is critical to maintaining and growing our net interest margin and receives a great deal of emphasis by management. The mix of our deposit base in 2008 was weighted more toward higher cost time deposits and other wholesale funding sources, which also contributed to our lower net interest margin in 2008.
    Also impacting the net interest margin during the first nine months of 2008 was increased floating rate subordinated indebtedness. The interest rate charged on this indebtedness is generally higher than other funding sources. In October 2007, we issued an additional $30 million in floating rate subordinated indebtedness to fund the cash component of the Mid-America purchase price. The rate we are required to pay on this indebtedness is 285 points over three-month LIBOR. In August 2008, we also issued $15 million in additional subordinated indebtedness at a rate of 350 points over three month LIBOR. Proceeds from this issuance are expected to be used for the anticipated growth of Pinnacle Financial. These spreads are higher than the spreads associated with our other forms of subordinated indebtedness which were issued in previous periods.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, the yield curve steepened which is advantageous for most banks, including us, as we use a significant amount of short-term funding to fund our balance sheet growth. This short-term funding comes in the form of checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts, short-term time deposits and securities sold under agreements to repurchase. Rates paid on these short-term deposits generally correlate to the Federal funds rate and short term treasury rates.

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During most of 2007, the Federal funds rate was higher than other longer term treasuries (i.e., an inverted yield curve). As a result, for most of 2007 depositors tended to maintain their funds in shorter-term deposit accounts where they could achieve a higher yield on their deposit balances and did not concern themselves with long-term products because there was not enough yield for them to justify the longer maturity. In a more traditional rate environment, depositors typically would either accept a lesser rate for more liquid deposit accounts or choose a higher rate for a longer time deposit.
In October 2008, the Federal Reserve reduced the targeted Federal funds rate such that the targeted rate is now 1.0%. This reduction together with previous Federal Reserve rate reductions in 2008 has facilitated the continual compression of our net interest margins as we experience reduced yields on a significant portion of our earning asset base and have not be able to counter this impact via reduced funding costs quickly. Generally, we should be able to reduce our funding costs over an extended period of time following a Federal Reserve rate reduction. Traditionally, we maintain an asset sensitive balance sheet, thus when rates are stable to increasing our net interest margins should expand.
We believe we should be able to increase net interest income through overall growth in earning assets in 2008 compared to previous periods. The additional revenues provided by increased loan volumes should be sufficient to overcome any immediate increases in funding costs, and thus we should be able to increase our current net interest income. Our net interest margins will likely decrease throughout the remainder of 2008 due to increasingly competitive deposit pricing in our markets and further near-term rate reductions by the Federal Reserve. In the last few months of 2007 and during 2008, the Federal Reserve reduced short-term rates dramatically. We have taken steps to counter the impact of these rate decreases on our floating rate assets (including prime rate loans) by reducing deposit rates to an appropriate level where we believe we can sustain our funding base. We believe it will take more time for our competition in our market to begin to price in the full impact of these rate decreases, and for competitive reasons, we will not be able to counter the full impact of these rate decreases on our net interest margin in 2008. As a result, our net interest margins in 2008 are lower than in 2007.
Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses represents a charge to earnings necessary to establish an allowance for loan losses that, in our management’s evaluation, should be adequate to provide coverage for the inherent losses on outstanding loans. The provision for loan losses amounted to $3.1 million and $772,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively and $7.5 million and $2.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Based upon our management’s evaluation of the loan portfolio, we believe the allowance for loan losses to be adequate to absorb our estimate of probable losses existing in the loan portfolio at September 30, 2008. Between the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, the provision for loan losses increased by $2.4 million and $5.0 million, respectively. A significant increase in loan growth, nonperforming loans, increased net-charge offs and an overall increase in our allowance for loan losses in relation to loan balances during the first nine months of 2008 were the primary reasons for the increase in the provision expense in 2008 when compared to 2007.
Based upon management’s assessment of the loan portfolio, we adjust our allowance for loan losses to an amount deemed appropriate to adequately cover probable losses in the loan portfolio. While our policies and procedures used to estimate the allowance for loan losses, as well as the resultant provision for loan losses charged to operations, are considered adequate by our management and are reviewed from time to time by our regulators, they are necessarily approximate and imprecise. There are factors beyond our control, such as conditions in the local and national economy, the local real estate market or particular industry conditions which may negatively impact, materially, our asset quality and the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses and, thus, the resulting provision for loan losses.
Noninterest Income. Our noninterest income is composed of several components, some of which vary significantly between quarterly periods. Service charges on deposit accounts and other noninterest income generally reflect our growth, while investment services and fees from the origination of mortgage loans will often reflect market conditions and fluctuate from period to period. The opportunities for recognition of gains on loans and loan participations sold, gains on the sale of premises and equipment, gains on sales of investment securities may also vary widely from quarter to quarter and year to year.

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The following is the makeup of our noninterest income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    Three months ended     2008-2007     Nine months ended     2008-2007  
    September 30,     Percent     September 30,     Percent  
                    Increase                     Increase  
    2008     2007     (decrease)     2008     2007     (decrease)  
Noninterest income:
                                               
Service charges on deposit accounts
  $ 2,778     $ 1,966       41.3 %   $ 8,036     $ 5,683       41.4 %
Investment sales commissions
    1,271       869       46.3 %     3,760       2,454       53.2 %
Gains on loans sold, net:
                                               
Fees from the origination and sale of mortgage loans, net of sales commissions
    765       360       112.5 %     2,289       1,151       98.9 %
Gains on loan sales and loan participations, net
    695       19       3557.9 %     707       230       207.4 %
Insurance sales commissions
    959       563       70.3 %     2,612       1,829       42.8 %
Net gain on sale of premises
                      1,011       56       1705.4 %
Trust fees
    585       467       25.3 %     1,621       1,312       23.6 %
Other noninterest income:
                                               
ATM and other consumer fees
    1,074       743       44.5 %     3,060       2,052       49.1 %
Letters of credit fees
    104       68       52.9 %     236       170       38.8 %
Bank-owned life insurance
    225       132       70.5 %     895       403       122.1 %
Equity in earnings of Collateral Plus, LLC
    46       20       130.0 %     117       109       7.3 %
Swap fees on customer loan transactions, net
    262                   763             -  
Visa related gains
                      203             -  
Other noninterest income
    489       125       291.2 %     1,369       460       197.6 %
 
                                   
Total noninterest income
  $ 9,253     $ 5,332       73.5 %   $ 26,679     $ 15,909       67.7 %
 
                                   
Service charge income for 2008 increased over that of 2007 due to the Mid-America acquisition, an increased number of customers utilizing overdraft protection lines and an increased per item insufficient fund charge. Additionally, we increased the number of deposit accounts subject to service charges. Also, the increase in service charges in 2008 when compared to 2007 was impacted by a decreased earnings credit rate provided by Pinnacle National to its commercial deposit customers.
Also included in noninterest income are commissions and fees from our financial advisory unit, Pinnacle Asset Management, a division of Pinnacle National. Our Mid-America acquisition had a significant impact on our investment services fees, as a significant amount of Mid-America’s fee business was attributable to wealth management, particularly brokerage services. At September 30, 2008, Pinnacle Asset Management was receiving commissions and fees in connection with approximately $848 million in brokerage assets held with Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. compared to $590 million at September 30, 2007. We also offer trust services through Pinnacle National’s trust division. At September 30, 2008, our trust department was receiving fees on approximately $537.5 million in assets compared to $512 million at September 30, 2007. We offer insurance services through Miller Loughry Beach Insurance and Services, Inc. which we believe will continue to increase our noninterest income in future periods. During the first three months of 2008, Miller Loughry Beach received approximately $450,000 in fees from one of its insurance carriers due to favorable claims experience by that carrier. We do not anticipate any additional similar fees from this insurance carrier this year.
On July 2, 2008, we announced the acquisition of Murfreesboro, Tenn. based Beach & Gentry Insurance LLC (Beach & Gentry). Beach & Gentry merged with Miller & Loughry Insurance and Services Inc. The combined company took the name Miller Loughry Beach and will consolidate offices following renovations to Pinnacle’s offices in Murfreesboro. We anticipate that this merger will result in an increase to our insurance sales commissions for the remainder of 2008.
Additionally, mortgage related fees contributed to the increase in noninterest income between 2008 and 2007. These mortgage fees are for loans originated in our market area that are subsequently sold to third-party nationally-recognized investors. These loans are marketed to potential investors prior to closing the loan with the borrower such that there is an agreement for the subsequent sale of the loan between the eventual investor and Pinnacle National prior to the loan being closed with the borrower. Pinnacle National sells loans to investors on a loan-by-loan basis and has not entered into any forward commitments with investors for future loan sales. All of these loan sales transfer servicing rights to the buyer. Generally, mortgage origination fees increase in lower interest rate environments and decrease in rising interest rate environments. Mortgage origination fees are also impacted by the strength of

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the housing market in our market areas. As a result, mortgage origination fees may fluctuate greatly in response to a changing rate environment or changes to the housing market. Also impacting mortgage origination fees are the number of mortgage originators we have offering these products. These originators are largely commission-based employees. We have steadily increased the number of originators working for us over the years and plan to continue to increase our mortgage origination work force in 2008.
We also sell certain commercial loan participations to our correspondent banks. Such sales are primarily related to new lending transactions in excess of internal loan limits or industry concentration limits. At September 30, 2008 and pursuant to participation agreements with these correspondents, we had participated approximately $136.1 million of originated loans to these other banks. These participation agreements have various provisions regarding collateral position, pricing and other matters. Many of these agreements provide that we pay the correspondent less than the loan’s contracted interest rate. Pursuant to SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities — a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125,” in those transactions whereby the correspondent is receiving a lesser amount of interest than the amount owed by the customer, we record a net gain along with a corresponding asset representing the present value of our net retained cash flows. The resulting asset is amortized over the term of the loan. Conversely, should a loan be paid prior to maturity, any remaining unamortized asset is charged as a reduction to gains on loan participations sold. We recorded gains, net of amortization expense related to the aforementioned retained cash flow asset, of $0 and $19,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $12,000 and $230,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 related to the loan participation transactions. Additionally, Pinnacle Financial recognized a gain of $695,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2008 related to the sale of four related impaired loans to a group of outside investors. We intend to maintain relationships with our correspondents in order to sell participations in future loans to these or other correspondents primarily due to limitations on loans to a single borrower or industry concentrations. In any event, the timing of participations may cause the level of gains, if any, to vary significantly.
During the second quarter of 2008 and as a result of our merger with Mid-America, we sold a legacy Pinnacle branch and a legacy Mid-America branch for a combined net gain of $1.0 million. These branch divestures were related to facilities only and did not include any financial assets or deposit accounts.
Also included in other noninterest income is $262,000 and $763,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively, in fees we receive when we originate an interest rate swap transaction between an individual commercial borrower and a third party provider. This amount will fluctuate significantly based on both borrower demand for this product and the interest rate environment. We also increased the value of our bank-owned life insurance by $225,000 during the third quarter of 2008 when compared to the $132,000 during the third quarter of 2007 and $895,000 during the first nine months of 2008 when compared to $403,000 during the first nine months of 2007. This was due primarily to the purchase of $18 million in new bank owned life insurance policies during the fourth quarter of 2007.
Included in other noninterest income are miscellaneous consumer fees, such as ATM revenues, merchant card and other electronic banking revenues. We experienced a significant increase in these revenues in 2008 compared to 2007 due primarily to the merger with Mid-America and increased volumes from new customers.

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Noninterest Expense. Noninterest expense consists of compensation and employee benefits, equipment and occupancy expenses, and other operating expenses. The following is the makeup of our noninterest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
    Three months ended     2008-2007     Nine months ended     2008-2007  
    September 30,     Percent     September 30,     Percent  
                    Increase                     Increase  
    2008     2007     (decrease)     2008     2007     (decrease)  
Noninterest expense:
                                               
Compensation and employee benefits:
                                               
Salaries
  $ 7,143     $ 6,042       18.2 %   $ 23,365     $ 17,215       35.7 %
Commissions
    732       456       60.5 %     1,989       1,246       59.6 %
Other compensation, primarily incentives
    2,821       1,154       144.5 %     6,952       3,389       105.1 %
Employee benefits and other
    2,317       1,455       52.2 %     7,076       4,317       63.9 %
 
                                   
Total compensation and employee benefits
    13,013       9,107       42.9 %     39,382       26,167       50.5 %
 
                                   
Equipment and occupancy
    3,732       2,632       41.8 %     11,235       7,210       55.8 %
Marketing and business development
    381       375       1.6 %     1,235       1,057       16.8 %
Postage and supplies
    762       474       60.8 %     2,253       1,453       55.1 %
Amortization of intangibles
    788       516       52.7 %     2,312       1,547       49.5 %
Other noninterest expense:
                                               
Other real estate
    95                   285             -  
Professional fees
    428       452       -5.3 %     831       1,090       -23.8 %
Legal, including borrower-related charges
    296       85       248.2 %     606       308       96.8 %
Directors’ fees
    134       64       109.4 %     373       182       104.9 %
Insurance, including FDIC assessments
    712       380       87.4 %     2,215       1,032       114.6 %
Contributions
    87       95       -8.4 %     387       286       35.3 %
Other noninterest expense
    1,733       930       86.3 %     5,159       2,386       116.2 %
 
                                   
Total other noninterest expense
    3,485       2,006       73.7 %     9,856       5,283       86.5 %
 
                                   
Merger related expense
    1,165                   5,620             -  
 
                                   
Total noninterest expense
  $ 23,326     $ 15,110       54.4 %   $ 71,893     $ 42,718       68.3 %
 
                                   
Expenses have generally increased between the above periods due to our merger with Mid-America, personnel additions occurring throughout each period, the continued development of our branch network, including our Knoxville expansion, and other expenses which increase in relation to our growth rate. We anticipate continued increases in our expenses in the future for such items as additional personnel, the opening of additional branches and other expenses which tend to increase in relation to our growth. Additionally, for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, approximately $691,000 and $451,000, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, approximately $1.7 million and $1.5 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock options and restricted share awards is included in other incentive compensation expense.
At September 30, 2008, we employed 723.0 full-time equivalent employees compared to 450.5 at September 30, 2007. We intend to continue to add employees in both the Nashville and Knoxville markets to our work force for the foreseeable future, which will cause our salary costs to increase in future periods.
We believe that variable pay incentives are a valuable tool in motivating an employee base that is focused on providing our clients effective financial advice and increasing shareholder value. As a result, and unlike many other financial institutions, our salary-based employees have historically participated in our annual cash incentive plan. Under the plan, the targeted level of incentive payments requires the Company to achieve a certain soundness threshold and a targeted fully diluted earnings per share. To the extent that actual earnings per share are above or below targeted earnings per share, the aggregate incentive payments are increased or decreased. Additionally, our Human Resources and Compensation Committee (the “Committee”) of the Board of Directors has the ability to change the parameters of the variable cash award at any time prior to final distribution of the awards in order to take into account current events and circumstances that were not anticipated when the parameters were established and maximize the benefit of the awards to our firm and to the associates.
Included in the salary and employee benefits amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, were $958,000 and $503,000, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and 2007, were $3.8 million and $1.7 million, respectively, of variable cash awards expense. This expense will fluctuate from year to year and quarter to quarter based on the

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estimation of achievement of performance targets and the increase in the number of associates eligible to receive the award. Based on our current earnings forecast for 2008, considering the results of the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we have anticipated a cash award to qualifying associates equal to 75% of their targeted award and consequently we have recorded incentive expense of 75% of the targeted award for the first nine months of 2008. We will continue to review our anticipated 2008 cash incentive expense throughout 2008 and may increase or decrease the anticipated award above or below the 75% target percentage at September 30, 2008 based on the new estimate. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, the anticipated award to be paid to associates equaled 30-40% of their targeted award.
Equipment and occupancy expenses in the third quarter of 2008 were greater than the third quarter of 2007 amount by 41.8%. This increase is primarily attributable to our market expansion to Knoxville, Tennessee which began in the second quarter of 2007, our new branch facility in the Donelson area of Nashville, which opened late in the first quarter of 2007, and a full quarter of expenses associated with the 11 Mid-America branches which were acquired on November 30, 2007. These additions contributed to the increase in our equipment and occupancy expenses between the two periods. We expect increases in these expenses in the future as we construct new facilities, including new facilities currently planned in both the Nashville and Knoxville MSAs.
Included in noninterest expense is amortization of the core deposit intangible. For Mid-America, this identified intangible is being amortized over ten years using an accelerated method which anticipates the life of the underlying deposits. For Cavalry, this identified intangible is being amortized over seven years using an accelerated method which anticipates the life of the underlying deposits. Amortization expense associated with these core deposit intangibles will approximate $2.5 million to $2.9 million per year for the next five years with lesser amounts for the remaining years. Additionally, in connection with our acquisition of Beach and Gentry in July of 2008, we recorded a customer list intangible of $1,270,000 which is being amortized over 20 years on an accelerated basis. Amortization of this intangible amounted to $30,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2008.
Additionally, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we incurred $5.6 million of merger related expense directly associated with the Mid-America merger. The merger related charges consisted of integration costs incurred in connection with the merger, including approximately $3.5 million of retention bonuses payable to Mid-America associates, $999,000 in conversion-related incentive payments and other personnel costs, $737,000 in information technology conversion costs and $416,000 in other integration charges. We anticipate additional merger related expenses associated with the Mid-America transaction in 2008 of approximately $1.5 million.
Other noninterest expenses increased 73.7% in the third quarter of 2008 when compared to 2007 and 116.2% in the first nine months of 2008 over 2007. Most of these increases are attributable to increased insurance and other noninterest expenses which include incidental variable costs related to deposit gathering and lending. Examples include expenses related to ATM networks, correspondent bank service charges, check losses, appraisal expenses, closing attorney expenses, the Visa litigation and other items which have increased significantly as a result of the Mid-America merger.
Recently, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) finalized its deposit insurance assessment rates for 2009. As a result of the requirement to increase the FDIC’s Bank Insurance Fund to statutory levels over a prescribed period of time and increased pressure on the fund’s reserves due to the increasing number of bank failures, FDIC insurance costs for 2009 will be significantly higher for all insured depository institutions. We anticipate our insurance costs to increase 100% in 2009 as our deposit assessment rate will increase from approximately 5 basis points of our deposits to approximately 10 basis points.
Our efficiency ratio (ratio of noninterest expense to the sum of net interest income and noninterest income) was 60.53% for the third quarter of 2008 compared to 62.20% in the third quarter 2007 and 64.80% for the first nine months of 2008 compared to 61.37% in 2007. The efficiency ratio measures the amount of expense that is incurred to generate a dollar of revenue. These calculations include the impact of approximately $1.2 million and $5.6 million in Mid-America pre-tax merger related expenses incurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2008, respectively.

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Financial Condition
Total assets grew to $4.34 billion at September 30, 2008 from $3.79 billion at December 31, 2007, an increase of 14.3%.
Loans. The composition of loans at September 30, 2008 and at December 31, 2007 and the percentage (%) of each classification to total loans are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    September 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    Amount     Percent     Amount     Percent  
Commercial real estate — Mortgage
  $ 907,290       28.3 %     $710,546       25.9 %
Consumer real estate — Mortgage
    631,460       19.7 %     539,768       19.6 %
Construction and land development
    651,803       20.4 %     582,959       21.2 %
Commercial and industrial
    924,753       28.9 %     794,419       28.9 %
Consumer and other loans
    87,603       2.7 %     121,949       4.4 %
 
                       
Total loans
  $ 3,202,909       100.0 %   $ 2,749,641       100.0 %
 
                       
Although the allocation of our loan portfolio did not change significantly during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 when compared to December 31, 2007, we did experience an increase of 27.7% in the commercial real estate classification. We continue to have loan demand for our commercial real estate and construction lending products, and we will continue to pursue sound, prudently underwritten real estate lending opportunities. Because these types of loans require that we maintain effective credit and construction monitoring systems, we have increased our resources in this area. We believe we can effectively manage this area of exposure due to our strategic focus of hiring experienced professionals who are well-trained in this type of lending and who have significant experience in our geographic market. Loan balances at December 31, 2007 have been reclassified to be consistent with the September 30, 2008 classification.
We periodically analyze our commercial loan portfolio to determine if a concentration of credit risk exists to any one or more industries. We use broadly accepted industry classification systems in order to classify borrowers into various industry classifications. As a result, we have a credit exposure (loans outstanding plus unfunded commitments) exceeding 25% of Pinnacle National’s total risk-based capital to borrowers in the following industries at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    At September 30, 2008        
    Outstanding                      
    Principal     Unfunded             Total Exposure at  
    Balances     Commitments     Total exposure     December 31, 2007  
Lessors of nonresidential buildings
  $ 317,943     $ 59,078     $ 377,021     $ 249,959  
Lessors of residential buildings
    122,211       14,341       136,552       135,413  
Land subdividers
    218,903       84,389       303,292       283,327  
New housing operative builders
    195,558       69,131       264,689       269,744  
Trucking industry
    80,386       24,081       104,467       109,118  
New single family housing construction
    53,259       16,892       70,151       104,980  

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The following table classifies our fixed and variable rate loans at September 30, 2008 according to contractual maturities of (1) one year or less, (2) after one year through five years, and (3) after five years. The table also classifies our variable rate loans pursuant to the contractual repricing dates of the underlying loans (dollars in thousands):
                                         
    Amounts at September 30, 2008              
    Fixed     Variable             At September 30,     At December 31,  
    Rates     Rates     Totals     2008     2007  
Based on contractual maturity:
                                       
Due within one year
  $ 212,982     $ 1,137,283     $ 1,350,265       42.2 %     44.5 %
Due in one year to five years
    833,984       397,456       1,231,440       38.4 %     39.9 %
Due after five years
    140,524       480,680       621,204       19.4 %     15.6 %
 
                             
Totals
  $ 1,187,490     $ 2,015,419     $ 3,202,909       100.0 %     100.0 %
 
                             
 
                                       
Based on contractual repricing dates:
                                       
Daily floating rate
  $     $ 1,352,622     $ 1,352,622       42.2 %     40.0 %
Due within one year
    212,982       542,193       755,175       23.6 %     21.2 %
Due in one year to five years
    833,984       111,442       945,426       29.5 %     32.4 %
Due after five years
    140,524       9,162       149,686       4.7 %     6.4 %
 
                               
Totals
  $ 1,187,490     $ 2,015,419     $ 3,202,909       100.0 %     100.0 %
 
                             
 
The above information does not consider the impact of scheduled principal payments. Daily floating rate loans are tied to Pinnacle National’s prime lending rate or a national interest rate index with the underlying loan rates changing in relation to changes in these indexes.
Non-Performing Assets. The specific economic and credit risks associated with our loan portfolio include, but are not limited to, a general downturn in the economy which could affect employment rates in our market area, general real estate market deterioration, interest rate fluctuations, deteriorated or non-existent collateral, title defects, inaccurate appraisals, financial deterioration of borrowers, fraud, and any violation of laws and regulations.
We attempt to reduce these economic and credit risks by adherence to loan to value guidelines for collateralized loans, by investigating the creditworthiness of the borrower and by monitoring the borrower’s financial position. Also, we establish and periodically review our lending policies and procedures. Banking regulations limit our exposure by prohibiting loan relationships that exceed 15% of Pinnacle National’s statutory capital in the case of loans that are not fully secured by readily marketable or other permissible types of collateral. Furthermore, we have an internal limit for aggregate credit exposure (loans outstanding plus unfunded commitments) to a single borrower of $22 million. Our loan policy requires that our board of directors approve any relationships that exceed this internal limit.
At September 30, 2008 we had $29.9 million in nonperforming assets compared to $21.4 at December 31, 2007, a 40.0% increase. A significant contributor to this increase is a weaker housing sector. Although we believe the weakness in the Nashville and Knoxville housing sectors have not been as severe as many other areas of our country, we have noted weakness with respect to several specific clients who focus on residential construction and residential land development within our trade areas.
The Greater Nashville Association of Realtors (“GNAR”) reported that the average median residential home price for the quarter ended September 30, 2008 was $169,900, a decrease of 6.8% from the same quarter a year earlier. GNAR also reported that the number of residential inventory at September 30, 2008 was 15,100 homes, an increase of 1.9% from a year earlier. These statistics reflect a weaker housing market compared to the previous year.
We continue to bank several clients in these businesses who continue to prosper, however an extended recessionary period will likely cause our residential construction and land development loans to underperform and our nonperforming assets to increase. Given we are approaching the time of the year when residential home sales are weakest, we believe our nonperforming asset levels will remain elevated for at least the next several quarters as we work diligently to remediate these assets.
As a result, we have increased our focus over the last year on the residential construction and residential development areas by assigning senior executives and bankers to these portfolios. These individuals meet frequently to discuss the performance of the portfolio and specific relationships with obvious emphasis on the underperforming assets. Their objective is to identify relationships that warrant continued support and remediate those relationships that will tend to cause our portfolio to underperform over the long term. We have reappraised many nonperforming assets to ascertain appropriate valuations and we continue to systematically review these valuations as new data is received.

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We discontinue the accrual of interest income when (1) there is a significant deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower and full repayment of principal and interest is not expected or (2) the principal or interest is more than 90 days past due, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. At September 30, 2008, we had $17.7 million in loans on nonaccrual compared to $19.7 million at December 31, 2007, of which $12.0 million and $10.2 million, respectively, were residential construction and land development loans. The decrease in nonperforming loans between September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was primarily related to the foreclosure of certain nonperforming loans and the subsequent transfer of those balances to other real estate owned.
At September 30, 2008, we owned $12.1 million in real estate which we had acquired, usually through foreclosure, from borrowers compared to $1.7 million at December 31, 2007. Substantially all of these amounts relate to homes and residential development projects that are either completed or are in various stages of construction for which we believe we have adequate collateral. Substantially all of these assets are located within the Nashville MSA.
There were $3.2 million of other loans 90 past due and still accruing interest at September 30, 2008 compared to $1.61 million at December 31, 2007. At September 30, 2008 and at December 31, 2007, no loans were deemed to be restructured loans.
The following table is a summary of our nonperforming assets at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                 
    At September 30,     At December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Nonaccrual loans (1)
  $ 17,743     $ 19,677  
Restructured loans
           
Other real estate owned
    12,143       1,673  
 
           
Total nonperforming assets
    29,885       21,350  
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
    3,241       1,613  
 
           
Total nonperforming assets and accruing loans past due 90 days or more
  $ 33,126     $ 22,963  
 
           
Total loans outstanding
  $ 3,202,909     $ 2,749,641  
 
           
Ratio of nonperforming assets and accruing loans past due 90 days or more to total loans outstanding at end of period
    1.03 %     0.84 %
 
           
Ratio of nonperforming assets and accruing loans past 90 days or more to total allowance for loan losses at end of period
    95.08 %     80.66 %
 
           
 
(1)   Interest income that would have been recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2008 related to nonaccrual loans was $794,000.
Potential problem assets, which are not included in nonperforming assets, amounted to approximately $26.6 million or 0.83% of total loans outstanding at September 30, 2008 compared to $15.3 million or 0.56% at December 31, 2007. Potential problem assets represent those assets with a well-defined weakness and where information about possible credit problems of borrowers has caused management to have serious doubts about the borrower’s ability to comply with present repayment terms. This definition is believed to be substantially consistent with the standards established by the OCC, Pinnacle National’s primary regulator, for loans classified as substandard, excluding the impact of nonperforming loans.
Allowance for Loan Losses (allowance). We maintain the allowance at a level that our management deems appropriate to adequately cover the inherent risks in the loan portfolio. As of September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, our allowance for loan losses was $34.8 million and $28.5 million, respectively, which our management deemed to be adequate at each of the respective dates. The judgments and estimates associated with our ALL determination are described under “Critical Accounting Estimates” above.

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The following is a summary of changes in the allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 and for the year ended December 31, 2007 and the ratio of the allowance for loan losses to total loans as of the end of each period (dollars in thousands):
                 
    Nine months        
    ended     Year ended  
    September 30,     December 31,  
    2008     2007  
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 28,470     $ 16,118  
Provision for loan losses
    7,503       4,720  
Allowance from Mid-America acquisition
          8,695  
Charged-off loans:
               
Commercial real estate — Mortgage
    (56 )     (22 )
Consumer real estate — Mortgage
    (626 )     (364 )
Construction and land development
    (528 )     (271 )
Commercial and industrial
    (513 )     (326 )
Consumer and other loans
    (719 )     (359 )
 
           
Total charged-off loans
    (2,442 )     (1,342 )
 
           
Recoveries of previously charged-off loans:
               
Commercial real estate — Mortgage
    418        
Consumer real estate — Mortgage
    2       125  
Construction and land development
    34       1  
Commercial and industrial
    618       51  
Consumer and other loans
    237       102  
 
           
Total recoveries of previously charged-off loans
    1,309       279  
 
           
Net (charge-offs) recoveries
    (1,133 )     (1,063 )
 
           
Balance at end of period
  $ 34,840     $ 28,470  
 
           
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans outstanding at end of period
    1.09 %     1.04 %
 
           
Ratio of net charge-offs (*) to average loans outstanding for the period
    0.05 %     0.06 %
 
           
 
(*) Net charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2008 have been annualized.
As noted in our critical accounting policies, management assesses the adequacy of the allowance prior to the end of each calendar quarter. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of the loan portfolios, past loan loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay (including the timing of future payment), the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, economic conditions, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans that may be susceptible to significant change. The allowance increased by $6.4 million between September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 and the ratio of our allowance for loan losses to total loans outstanding increased to 1.09% at September 30, 2008 from 1.04% at December 31, 2007.
Investments. Our investment portfolio, consisting primarily of Federal agency bonds, state and municipal securities and mortgage-backed securities, amounted to $628.8 million and $522.7 million at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Our investment portfolio serves many purposes including serving as a stable source of income, collateral for public funds and as a potential liquidity source. A summary of our investment portfolio at September 30, 2008 follows:
         
    September 30, 2008  
Weighted average life
  5.1 years
Weighted average coupon
    5.137%
Tax equivalent yield
    5.077%

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Deposits and Other Borrowings. We had approximately $3.30 billion of deposits at September 30, 2008 compared to $2.93 billion at December 31, 2007. Our deposits consist of noninterest and interest-bearing demand accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and time deposits. Additionally, we entered into agreements with certain customers to sell certain securities under agreements to repurchase the security the following day. These agreements (which are typically associated with comprehensive treasury management programs for our clients and provide them with short-term returns for their excess funds) amounted to $198.8 million at September 30, 2008 and $156.1 million at December 31, 2007. Additionally, at September 30, 2008, we had borrowed $188.5 million in advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati compared to $92.8 million at December 31, 2007.
Generally, banks classify their funding base as either core funding or non-core funding. Core funding consists of all deposits other than time deposits issued in denominations of $100,000 or greater. All other funding is deemed to be non-core. The following table represents the balances of our deposits and other fundings and the percentage of each type to the total at September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 (dollars in thousands):
                                 
    September 30,             December 31,        
    2008     Percent     2007     Percent  
Core funding:
                               
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts
  $ 457,543       12.1 %   $ 400,120       12.0 %
Interest-bearing demand accounts
    331,707       8.7 %     410,661       12.4 %
Savings and money market accounts
    677,367       17.8 %     742,354       22.5 %
Time deposit accounts less than $100,000
    465,746       12.3 %     371,881       11.3 %
 
                       
Total core funding
    1,932,363       50.9 %     1,925,016       58.2 %
 
                       
Non-core funding:
                               
Time deposit accounts greater than $100,000
                               
Public funds
    321,661       8.4 %     104,902       3.2 %
Brokered deposits
    460,436       12.1 %     163,188       4.9 %
Other time deposits
    580,703       15.3 %     732,213       22.2 %
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase
    198,807       5.2 %     156,071       4.7 %
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and Federal funds purchased
    207,239       5.5 %     141,666       4.3 %
Subordinated debt
    97,476       2.6 %     82,476       2.5 %
 
                       
Total non-core funding
    1,866,322       49.1 %     1,380,516       41.8 %
 
                       
Totals
  $ 3,798,685       100.0 %   $ 3,305,532       100.0 %
 
                       
Our funding policies limit the amount of non-core funding we can use to support our growth. As noted in the table above, our core funding decreased from 58.2% at December 31, 2007 to 50.9% at September 30, 2008. Although growing our core deposit base is a key strategic objective of our firm, we believe that our dependence on non-core funding will increase, but remain within our policies, as we continue to fund the rapid growth of our loan portfolio.
The amount of time deposits as of September 30, 2008 amounted to $1.8 billion. The following table shows our time deposits in denominations of under $100,000 and those of denominations of $100,000 or greater by category based on time remaining until maturity of (1) three months or less, (2) over three but less than six months, (3) over six but less than twelve months and (4) over twelve months and the weighted average rate for each category (dollars in thousands):
                 
    Balances     Weighted
Avg. Rate
 
Denominations less than $100,000
               
Three months or less
  $ 170,096       3.05 %
Over three but less than six months
    117,025       3.34 %
Over six but less than twelve months
    121,145       3.33 %
Over twelve months
    57,480       3.96 %
 
           
 
    465,746       3.31 %
 
           
Denomination $100,000 and greater
               
Three months or less
    538,761       2.73 %
Over three but less than six months
    252,320       3.53 %
Over six but less than twelve months
    383,711       3.71 %
Over twelve months
    188,008       4.19 %
 
           
 
    1,362,800       3.35 %
 
           
Totals
  $ 1,828,546       3.34 %
 
           

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Subordinated debt. On December 29, 2003, we established PNFP Statutory Trust I; on September 15, 2005 we established PNFP Statutory Trust II; on September 7, 2006 we established PNFP Statutory Trust III and on October 31, 2007 we established PNFP Statutory Trust IV (“Trust I”; “Trust II”; “Trust III”, “Trust IV” or collectively, the “Trusts”). All are wholly-owned statutory business trusts. We are the sole sponsor of the Trusts and acquired each Trust’s common securities for $310,000; $619,000; $619,000, and $928,000, respectively. The Trusts were created for the exclusive purpose of issuing 30-year capital trust preferred securities (“Trust Preferred Securities”) in the aggregate amount of $10,000,000 for Trust I; $20,000,000 for Trust II; $20,000,000 for Trust III, and $30,000,000 for Trust IV and using the proceeds to acquire junior subordinated debentures (“Subordinated Debentures”) issued by Pinnacle Financial. The sole assets of the Trusts are the Subordinated Debentures. Our $2,476,000 investment in the Trusts is included in investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and our $82,476,000 obligation is reflected as subordinated debt.
The Trust I Preferred Securities bear a floating interest rate based on a spread over 3-month LIBOR (5.633% at September 30, 2008) which is set each quarter and matures on December 30, 2033. The Trust II Preferred Securities bear a fixed interest rate of 5.848% per annum thru September 30, 2010 after which time the securities will bear a floating rate set each quarter based on a spread over 3-month LIBOR. The Trust II securities mature on September 30, 2035. The Trust III Preferred Securities bear a floating interest rate based on a spread over 3-month LIBOR (5.412% at September 30, 2008) which is set each quarter and mature on September 30, 2036. The Trust IV Preferred Securities bear a floating interest rate based on a spread over 3-month LIBOR (5.669% at September 30, 2008) which is set each quarter and matures on September 30, 2037.
Distributions are payable quarterly. The Trust Preferred Securities are subject to mandatory redemption upon repayment of the Subordinated Debentures at their stated maturity date or their earlier redemption in an amount equal to their liquidation amount plus accumulated and unpaid distributions to the date of redemption. We guarantee the payment of distributions and payments for redemption or liquidation of the Trust Preferred Securities to the extent of funds held by the Trusts. Pinnacle Financial’s obligations under the Subordinated Debentures together with the guarantee and other back-up obligations, in the aggregate, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by Pinnacle Financial of the obligations of the Trusts under the Trust Preferred Securities.
The Subordinated Debentures are unsecured; bear interest at a rate equal to the rates paid by the Trusts on the Trust Preferred Securities; and mature on the same dates as those noted above for the Trust Preferred Securities. Interest is payable quarterly. We may defer the payment of interest at any time for a period not exceeding 20 consecutive quarters provided that the deferral period does not extend past the stated maturity. During any such deferral period, distributions on the Trust Preferred Securities will also be deferred and our ability to pay dividends on our common shares will be restricted.
Subject to approval by the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, the Trust Preferred Securities may be redeemed prior to maturity at our option on or after September 17, 2008 for Trust I; on or after September 30, 2010 for Trust II; September 30, 2011 for Trust III and September 30, 2012 for Trust IV. The Trust Preferred Securities may also be redeemed at any time in whole (but not in part) in the event of unfavorable changes in laws or regulations that result in (1) the Trust becoming subject to Federal income tax on income received on the Subordinated Debentures, (2) interest payable by the parent company on the Subordinated Debentures becoming non-deductible for Federal tax purposes, (3) the requirement for the Trust to register under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or (4) loss of the ability to treat the Trust Preferred Securities as “Tier I capital” under the Federal Reserve capital adequacy guidelines.
The Trust Preferred Securities for the Trusts qualify as Tier I capital under current regulatory definitions subject to certain limitations. Debt issuance costs associated with Trust I of $120,000 consisting primarily of underwriting discounts and professional fees are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. These debt issuance costs are being amortized over ten years using the straight-line method. There were no debt issuance costs associated with Trust II, Trust III or Trust IV.
At September 30, 2008, we had a loan agreement related to a $25 million line of credit with a regional bank. This line of credit will be used to support the growth of Pinnacle National. The balance owed pursuant to this line of credit at September 30, 2008 was $18 million. The $25 million line of credit has a one year term, contains customary affirmative and negative covenants regarding the operation of our business, a negative pledge on the common stock of Pinnacle National and is priced at 30-day LIBOR plus 125 basis points.
On August 5, 2008, Pinnacle National also entered into a $15 million subordinated term loan with a regional bank. The loan will bear interest at three month Libor plus 3.5%, mature in seven years and will qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes. This additional capital will be utilized to support our anticipated growth.
Capital Resources. At September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, our stockholders’ equity amounted to $512.6 million and $466.6 million, respectively, or an increase of $46.0 million. This increase was primarily attributable to $20.0 million in

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comprehensive income, which was composed of $22.8 million in net income together with $2.8 million of net unrealized holding losses associated with our available-for-sale portfolio. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2008, we received $21.5 million in proceeds from the sale of our common stock.
Dividends. Pinnacle National is subject to restrictions on the payment of dividends to Pinnacle Financial under Federal banking laws and the regulations of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. During the nine months ended September 30, 2008, Pinnacle National paid $2.7 million in dividends to Pinnacle Financial. Pinnacle Financial is subject to limits on payment of dividends to its shareholders by the rules, regulations and policies of Federal banking authorities and the laws of the State of Tennessee. Pinnacle Financial has not paid any dividends to date, nor does it anticipate paying dividends to its shareholders for the foreseeable future. Future dividend policy will depend on Pinnacle Financial’s earnings, capital position, financial condition and other factors.
Market and Liquidity Risk Management
Our objective is to manage assets and liabilities to provide a satisfactory, consistent level of profitability within the framework of established liquidity, loan, investment, borrowing, and capital policies. Our Asset Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) is charged with the responsibility of monitoring these policies, which are designed to ensure acceptable composition of asset/liability mix. Two critical areas of focus for ALCO are interest rate sensitivity and liquidity risk management.
Interest Rate Sensitivity. In the normal course of business, we are exposed to market risk arising from fluctuations in interest rates. ALCO measures and evaluates the interest rate risk so that we can meet customer demands for various types of loans and deposits. ALCO determines the most appropriate amounts of on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet items. Measurements which we use to help us manage interest rate sensitivity include an earnings simulation model and an economic value of equity model. These measurements are used in conjunction with competitive pricing analysis.
Earnings simulation model. We believe that interest rate risk is best measured by our earnings simulation modeling. Forecasted levels of earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities, and off-balance sheet financial instruments are combined with ALCO forecasts of interest rates for the next 12 months and are combined with other factors in order to produce various earnings simulations. To limit interest rate risk, we have guidelines for our earnings at risk which seek to limit the variance of net interest income to less than a 20 percent decline for a 300 basis point change up or down in rates from management’s flat interest rate forecast over the next twelve months; to less than a 10 percent decline for a 200 basis point change up or down in rates from management’s flat interest rate forecast over the next twelve months; and to less than a 5 percent decline for a 100 basis point change up or down in rates from management’s flat interest rate forecast over the next twelve months. The results of our current simulation model would indicate that we are in compliance with our current guidelines at September 30, 2008.
Economic value of equity. Our economic value of equity model measures the extent that estimated economic values of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items will change as a result of interest rate changes. Economic values are determined by discounting expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items, which establishes a base case economic value of equity. To help limit interest rate risk, we have a guideline stating that for an instantaneous 300 basis point change in interest rates up or down, the economic value of equity should not decrease by more than 30 percent from the base case; for a 200 basis point instantaneous change in interest rates up or down, the economic value of equity should not decrease by more than 20 percent; and for a 100 basis point instantaneous change in interest rates up or down, the economic value of equity should not decrease by more than 10 percent. The results of our current economic value of equity model would indicate that we are in compliance with our current guidelines at September 30, 2008.
Each of the above analyses may not, on its own, be an accurate indicator of how our net interest income will be affected by changes in interest rates. Income associated with interest-earning assets and costs associated with interest-bearing liabilities may not be affected uniformly by changes in interest rates. In addition, the magnitude and duration of changes in interest rates may have a significant impact on net interest income. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods of repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities fluctuate in advance of changes in general market rates, while interest rates on other types may lag behind changes in general market rates. In addition, certain assets, such as adjustable rate mortgage loans, have features (generally referred to as “interest rate caps and floors”) which limit changes in interest rates. Prepayment and early withdrawal levels also could deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the maturity of certain instruments. The ability of many borrowers to service their debts also may decrease during periods of rising interest rates. ALCO reviews each of the above interest rate sensitivity analyses along with several different interest rate scenarios as part of its responsibility to provide a satisfactory, consistent level of profitability within the framework of established liquidity, loan, investment, borrowing, and capital policies.

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We may also use derivative financial instruments to improve the balance between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities and as one tool to manage our interest rate sensitivity while continuing to meet the credit and deposit needs of our customers. Beginning in 2007, we entered into interest rate swaps (“swaps”) to facilitate customer transactions and meet their financing needs. These swaps qualify as derivatives, but are not designed as hedging instruments. At September 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had not entered into any other derivative contracts to assist managing our interest rate sensitivity.
Liquidity Risk Management. The purpose of liquidity risk management is to ensure that there are sufficient cash flows to satisfy loan demand, deposit withdrawals, and our other needs. Traditional sources of liquidity for a bank include asset maturities and growth in core deposits. A bank may achieve its desired liquidity objectives from the management of its assets and liabilities and by internally generated funding through its operations. Funds invested in marketable instruments that can be readily sold and the continuous maturing of other earning assets are sources of liquidity from an asset perspective. The liability base provides sources of liquidity through attraction of increased deposits and borrowing funds from various other institutions.
Changes in interest rates also affect our liquidity position. We currently price deposits in response to market rates and our management intends to continue this policy. If deposits are not priced in response to market rates, a loss of deposits could occur which would negatively affect our liquidity position.
Scheduled loan payments are a relatively stable source of funds, but loan payoffs and deposit flows fluctuate significantly, being influenced by interest rates, general economic conditions and competition. Additionally, debt security investments are subject to prepayment and call provisions that could accelerate their payoff prior to stated maturity. We attempt to price our deposit products to meet our asset/liability objectives consistent with local market conditions. Our ALCO is responsible for monitoring our ongoing liquidity needs. Our regulators also monitor our liquidity and capital resources on a periodic basis.
In addition, Pinnacle National is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati. As a result, Pinnacle National receives advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati, pursuant to the terms of various borrowing agreements, which assist it in the funding of its home mortgage and commercial real estate loan portfolios. Pinnacle National has pledged under the borrowing agreements with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati certain qualifying residential mortgage loans and, pursuant to a blanket lien, all qualifying commercial mortgage loans as collateral. At September 30, 2008, Pinnacle National had received advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati totaling $188.5 million at the following rates and maturities (dollars in thousands):
                 
    Amount     Interest Rates  
2008
  $ 15,000       5.04 %
2009
    15,000       5.01 %
2010
    57,410       3.56 %
2012
    30,000       3.51 %
Thereafter
    71,106       2.90 %
 
             
Total
  $ 188,516          
 
             
Weighted average interest rate
            3.53 %
 
             
Pinnacle National also has accommodations with upstream correspondent banks for unsecured short-term advances. These accommodations have various covenants related to their term and availability, and in most cases must be repaid within less than a month. Although there were no amounts outstanding under these agreements at September 30, 2008, for the nine months ended September 30, 2008, we averaged borrowings from correspondent banks of $18.3 million under such agreements.
At September 30, 2008, brokered certificates of deposit approximated $460.4 million which represented 12.1% of total fundings compared to $163.2 million and 4.9% at December 31, 2007. We issue these brokered certificates through several different brokerage houses based on competitive bid. Typically, these funds are for varying maturities from six months to two years and are issued at rates which are competitive to rates we would be required to pay to attract similar deposits from the local market as well as rates for Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati advances of similar maturities. We consider these deposits to be a ready source of liquidity under current market conditions.
At September 30, 2008, we had no significant commitments for capital expenditures. However, we are in the process of developing our branch network or other office facilities in the Nashville MSA and the Knoxville MSA. As a result, we anticipate that we will enter into contracts to buy property or construct branch facilities and/or lease agreements to lease facilities in the Nashville MSA and Knoxville MSA, including recently entering into agreements to relocate our downtown office facility in Nashville, Tennessee to a new facility projected to open in 2010.
Our management believes that we have adequate liquidity to meet all known contractual obligations and unfunded commitments, including loan commitments and reasonable borrower, depositor, and creditor requirements over the next twelve months.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements. At September 30, 2008, we had outstanding standby letters of credit of $93.4 million and unfunded loan commitments outstanding of $954.8 million. Because these commitments generally have fixed expiration dates and many will expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment level does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. If needed to fund these outstanding commitments, Pinnacle National has the ability to liquidate Federal funds sold or securities available-for-sale, or on a short-term basis to borrow and purchase Federal funds from other financial institutions.
Impact of Inflation
The consolidated financial statements and related consolidated financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and practices within the banking industry which require the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than the effects of general levels of inflation.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” — SFAS No. 157, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in U.S. generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No. 157 applies only to fair-value measurements that are already required or permitted by other accounting standards and is expected to increase the consistency of those measurements. The definition of fair value focuses on the exit price, (i.e., the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date), not the entry price, (i.e., the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability at the measurement date). The statement emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement; not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, the fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The effective date for SFAS No. 157 was for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Pinnacle Financial adopted SFAS No. 157 effective January 1, 2008.
In February of 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 159 (“SFAS 159”), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities”, which gives entities the option to measure eligible financial assets, and financial liabilities at fair value on an instrument by instrument basis, that are otherwise not permitted to be accounted for at fair value under other accounting standards. The election to use the fair value option is available when an entity first recognizes a financial asset or financial liability. Subsequent changes in fair value must be recorded in earnings. This statement was effective as of January 1, 2008, however it had no impact on the consolidated financial statements of Pinnacle Financial because it did not elect the fair value option for any financial instrument not presently being accounting for at fair value.
In June 2006, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF No. 06-4, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation and Postretirement Benefits Aspects of Endorsement Split-Dollar Life Insurance Arrangements.” The EITF concluded that deferred compensation or postretirement benefit aspects of an endorsement split-dollar life insurance arrangement should be recognized as a liability by the employer and the obligation is not effectively settled by the purchase of a life insurance policy. The effective date was for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007. On January 1, 2008, we accounted for this EITF as a change in accounting principle and recorded a liability of $985,000 along with a corresponding adjustment of $598,700 to beginning retained earnings, net of tax.
In December 2007, the SEC issued SAB 110, “Share-Based Payment.” SAB 110 allows eligible public companies to continue to use a simplified method for estimating the expense of stock options if their own historical experience isn’t sufficient to provide a reasonable basis. Under SAB 107, “Share-Based Payment,” the simplified method was scheduled to expire for all grants made after December 31, 2007. The SAB describes disclosures that should be provided if a company is using the simplified method for all or a portion of its stock option grants beyond December 31, 2007. The provisions of this bulletin became effective on January 1, 2008. Pinnacle Financial continues to use the simplified method allowed by SAB 110 for determining the expected term component for share options granted during 2008.
In December 2007, the EITF reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 07-6, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate Subject to the Requirements of FASB Statement No. 66, ‘Accounting for Sales of Real Estate,’ When the Agreement Includes a Buy-Sell Clause” (“EITF 07-6”). EITF 07-6 clarifies whether a buy-sell clause is a prohibited form of continuing involvement that would preclude partial sales treatment under FAS No. 66. EITF 07-6 is effective for new arrangements entered into and assessments of existing transactions originally accounted for under the deposit, profit-sharing, leasing, or financing methods for reasons other than the exercise of a buy-sell clause performed in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2007.

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In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP No. FAS 157-3, “Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active.” This FSP clarifies the application of SFAS No. 157 in a market that is not active and provides an example to illustrate key considerations in determining the fair value of a financial asset when the market for that financial asset is not active. This FSP was effective for the Company upon issuance, including prior periods for which financial statements have not been issued; and, therefore was effective for the Company’s financial statements as of and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2008. Adoption of FSP No. FAS 157-3 did not have a significant impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS 141R, “Business Combinations.” SFAS 141R clarifies the definitions of both a business combination and a business. All business combinations will be accounted for under the acquisition method (previously referred to as the purchase method). This standard defines the acquisition date as the only relevant date for recognition and measurement of the fair value of consideration paid. SFAS 141R requires the acquirer to expense all acquisition related costs. SFAS 141R will also require acquired loans to be recorded net of the allowance for loan losses on the date of acquisition. SFAS 141R defines the measurement period as the time after the acquisition date during which the acquirer may make adjustments to the “provisional” amounts recognized at the acquisition date. This period cannot exceed one year, and any subsequent adjustments made to provisional amounts are done retrospectively and restate prior period data. The provisions of this statement are effective for business combinations during fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Pinnacle Financial has not determined the impact that SFAS 141R will have on its financial position and results of operations and believes that such determination will not be meaningful until Pinnacle Financial enters into a business combination.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in consolidated financial statements — An Amendment of ARB No. 51.” SFAS No. 160 requires noncontrolling interests to be treated as a separate component of equity, not as a liability or other item outside of equity. Disclosure requirements include net income and comprehensive income to be displayed for both the controlling and noncontrolling interests and a separate schedule that shows the effects of any transactions with the noncontrolling interests on the equity attributable to the controlling interest. The provisions of this statement are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. This statement should be applied prospectively except for the presentation and disclosure requirements which shall be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Pinnacle Financial does not expect the impact of SFAS No. 160 on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows to be material.
In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 161 (“SFAS 161”), “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”. SFAS 161 requires companies with derivative instruments to disclose information that should enable financial-statement users to understand how and why a company uses derivative instruments, how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company’s financial position, financial performance and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that SFAS 161 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In April 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (“FSP”) No. 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets”. FSP 142-3 amends the factors an entity should consider in developing renewal or extension assumptions used in determining the useful life of recognized intangible assets under FASB Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. This new guidance applies prospectively to intangible assets that are acquired individually or with a group of other assets in business combinations and asset acquisitions. FSP 142-3 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact, if any, that FSP 142-3 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
ITEM 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The information required by this Item 3 is included on pages 43 through 45 of Part I — Item 2 - “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Pinnacle Financial maintains disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by it in the

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reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to Pinnacle Financial’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Pinnacle Financial carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on the evaluation of these disclosure controls and procedures, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that Pinnacle Financial’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Controls
There were no changes in Pinnacle Financial’s internal control over financial reporting during Pinnacle Financial’s fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2008 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Pinnacle Financial’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or of which any of their property is the subject.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in Part I, Item IA of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007:
Pinnacle Financial may apply for participation in the United States Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program.
Pinnacle Financial is considering whether to participate in the United States Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program, but Pinnacle Financial can give no assurance that it will ultimately request to participate in the program or, if it does request to participate, that it will be selected by the United States Treasury for participation. If Pinnacle Financial ultimately decides to participate and is selected for participation, it would sell preferred shares to the United States Treasury. The minimum amount of preferred stock sold would be approximately $35.0 million and the maximum amount would be approximately $105.0 million, based on Pinnacle Financial’s risk-weighted assets as of September 30, 2008. The preferred shares issued to the United States Treasury would be senior to Pinnacle Financial’s common shares and the holders of the preferred shares would have certain rights and preferences above those of the holders of Pinnacle Financial’s common shares. In addition, Pinnacle Financial, if it elects to participate, will be required to issue warrants to purchase shares of its common stock to the United States Treasury equal to 15% of the value of the preferred shares issued based on the trailing 20-day trading average for Pinnacle Financial’s common stock at the closing date of the investment. The common shares issued upon exercise of these warrants would dilute the ownership interest of Pinnacle Financial’s existing common stock shareholders.
ITEM 2.   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
  (a)   Not applicable
 
  (b)   Not applicable
 
  (c)   The Company did not repurchase any shares of the Company’s common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2008.
ITEM 3.   DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable
ITEM 4.   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
None
ITEM 5.   OTHER INFORMATION
None

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ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS
         
  31.1    
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
  31.2    
Certification pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
  32.1    
Certification pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350 — Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
  32.2    
Certification pursuant to 18 USC Section 1350 — Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

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SIGNATURES
     Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
         
  PINNACLE FINANCIAL PARTNERS, INC.
 
 
  /s/ M. Terry Turner    
November 6, 2008  M. Terry Turner
President and Chief Executive Officer 
 
 
         
     
  /s/ Harold R. Carpenter    
  Harold R. Carpenter   
November 6, 2008  Chief Financial Officer   

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