-----BEGIN PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE----- Proc-Type: 2001,MIC-CLEAR Originator-Name: webmaster@www.sec.gov Originator-Key-Asymmetric: MFgwCgYEVQgBAQICAf8DSgAwRwJAW2sNKK9AVtBzYZmr6aGjlWyK3XmZv3dTINen TWSM7vrzLADbmYQaionwg5sDW3P6oaM5D3tdezXMm7z1T+B+twIDAQAB MIC-Info: RSA-MD5,RSA, NQRVVM+UeHft9HInzwO946t8vOUEdtDaNqixCEwLqg0DbBse8g6zmaq8N+7oWk+q iufIPXxIj+0cyUJhjHnuBg== 0001145443-02-000161.txt : 20020607 0001145443-02-000161.hdr.sgml : 20020607 20020604171645 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001145443-02-000161 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 8 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20020331 FILED AS OF DATE: 20020604 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: DIGITALTHINK INC CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001100514 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-BUSINESS SERVICES, NEC [7389] IRS NUMBER: 943244366 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 0331 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 10-K SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-28687 FILM NUMBER: 02670280 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 1098 HARRISON ST CITY: SAN FRANCISCO STATE: CA ZIP: 94103 BUSINESS PHONE: 4156254000 10-K 1 d11085.txt ================================================================================ UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 ------------------ FORM 10-K ------------------ (Mark One) [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from _________ to __________. Commission File Number: DIGITALTHINK, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 94-3244366 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer Incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 601 Brannan Street, San Francisco, California 94107 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) (415) 625-4000 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Name of Exchange on which registered None None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, $.001 par value (Title of Class) Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X ] No [ ] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [ ] The aggregate market value of registrant's voting stock held by non-affiliates of registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on May 23, 2002, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market, was approximately $55.7 million. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes. Outstanding shares of registrant's common stock, $.001 par value, as of May 23, 2002: 40,987,547 DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Parts of certain sections of the Proxy Statement to be filed in connection with the 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K Report where indicated. ================================================================================ PART I Item 1. Business This document contains forward-looking statements that relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "forecasts," "predicts," "intend," "potential" or "continue" or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology. In addition, these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding the following: (1) our ability to compete effectively in the e-learning market, (2) our plans to develop new solutions and products, (3) our business strategies and plans, and (4) our strategic relationships with Electronic Data System, Incorporated ("EDS") and others. Many of the statements we make regarding the future are only predictions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable based on our current beliefs, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The risks set forth in the "Factors Affecting Future Results" section and elsewhere in this document could cause our future operating results to differ materially from those contemplated by our forward-looking statements. In addition, factors that we are not currently aware of could harm our future operating results. DigitalThink Overview We provide custom e-learning solutions designed to address the strategic business objectives of our customers by helping them to improve workforce development, sales force effectiveness and customer acquisition and retention. We can host and centrally manage software and content, significantly reducing our customers' learning infrastructure costs and enabling us to rapidly update or customize our courses. Our Web-based solutions deliver content on new initiatives, and products or processes to large, geographically dispersed groups who can access courses from anywhere, at anytime through a standard Web browser. Our instructional design approach encourages participants to interact with tutors through e-mail and the Internet. In addition, our solutions allow customers to generate revenue opportunities by offering branded e-learning solutions to their customers. We also offer Web-based tracking and reporting tools that our customers use to measure and evaluate participants' progress and the effectiveness of our learning programs. In addition, DigitalThink's deployed delivery option is targeted at companies that need an e-learning solution that resides within their own corporate environment. As of March 31, 2002, we had delivered courses to over 450 customers on more than 700 subjects in a variety of industries including technology, retail, healthcare, financial services and telecommunications. Our customers either pay us to develop custom courses for their specific requirements or select courses from our catalog, or both. Customers that have purchased solutions from us over the past fiscal year include Adobe Systems, the American Bankers' Association, Aspect Telecommunications, Automatic Data Processing, Charles Schwab, Circuit City, Cisco Systems, EDS, The Gallup Organization, Lincoln Financial, Kinko's, KPMG Consulting, Marsh, McDonald's, and Sun Microsystems. Industry Background Today's businesses face rapidly changing environments characterized by increasing competition, economic globalization and technological change. To compete effectively, businesses must improve business processes, reduce operating costs, extend barriers to entry and shorten product development cycles. The emergence of the Internet as a business platform has accelerated these trends and presented new opportunities in many industries for leading companies to create a competitive advantage. Senior executives at these leading companies realize that a fundamental source of competitive advantage is the depth, consistency and currency of knowledge possessed by their employees, distributors, suppliers and customers. Employees who know more about a company's business are generally able to perform more effectively. Sales professionals and distributors who understand the benefits of a company's services achieve better results. Customers who learn the benefits of a product's features tend to be more loyal, less expensive to support and more likely to purchase again. Driving knowledge to the extended enterprise effectively reduces the time-to-market of new products and services, improves sales channel productivity and reduces customer support costs. The result is a demonstrable increase in operating efficiency and profitability. 1 In an attempt to address today's competitive business challenges, businesses are investing increasing amounts on learning and skills development. Based on annual industry report by Training Magazine in 2001, businesses spend nearly $56.8 billion annually on learning programs in the United States. As the Internet and e-learning continue to demonstrate measurable results for businesses, we believe investments will be dedicated to e-learning programs. To date most investment in corporate learning has been in in-person, instructor-led training programs. We have found that these traditional learning methodologies are less effective than e-learning for certain types of business purposes because they are: o Difficult to deploy across an organization and its extended enterprise. Many businesses find it difficult to effectively deliver up-to-date content in a timely and consistent manner to large, geographically-dispersed groups. The traditional solution of scheduling corporate education programs at specific times in single locations results in logistical challenges and opportunity costs that often lower participation rates and limit a company's ability to extend knowledge to its extended enterprise. o Difficult to customize and update. Instructor-led content is often prepared in advance to provide for the production and distribution of printed or videotaped materials, which are then updated at fixed intervals and delivered using an instructor-led, standardized curriculum of pre-scheduled meetings in set physical locations. As a result, print-based content cannot be updated and distributed to learners as rapidly as Web- based content, and instructor-led sessions using these materials may fail to incorporate the latest information on new products, strategies and processes for specific uses or customers. o Difficult to personalize on a large scale. Instructor-led learning programs are typically designed to address the needs of large groups, which can impair the effectiveness of the individual learning experience. If a participant cannot have his or her individual question answered or cannot access supplemental tutoring after the course sessions have concluded, learning may not actually occur. The cost of assembling a large group in a central location is often justified because of the economics of presenting material to a mass audience. Actual learning, by contrast, occurs on an individual level. The mass approach rarely provides sufficient time for individuals to ask questions, much less to be tutored and critiqued. o Unable to track and monitor learning effectiveness. Tracking student performance in traditional corporate classroom programs is avoided as it typically requires additional expenses for manual test administration, grading and recording. o Costly and slow. Traditional learning initiatives require prolonged absences of valuable employees due to travel to course locations and attendance at scheduled course meetings, resulting in significant opportunity costs due to lost work. In addition, course materials must be printed and delivered using traditional means. As a result, businesses are unable to continuously educate their extended enterprises on new products, strategies and processes in a timely manner. With e-learning, participants can learn at anytime from a computer, without having to schedule classrooms or meetings, and without having to travel to a classroom facility. In response to these limitations, many businesses are seeking more effective learning solutions. The Internet is transforming the corporate learning marketplace by offering innovative ways to design and deliver knowledge. According to International Data Corporation, the corporate e-learning market is projected to grow from $2.3 billion in 2000 to more than $18 billion in 2005. By leveraging the Internet, businesses can instantly and simultaneously deploy content to a broad, global audience. This content can be easily and continuously accessed, modified and refreshed and learning programs can be enhanced as participants use e-mail and chat rooms to establish interactive relationships with instructors and peers. Web-based technologies can also offer real-time tracking of participant performance. Internal training organizations and external corporate learning providers are geared to instructor-led training and their set of skills is limited to classroom scheduling and instruction. To compete effectively in the e-learning market, these organizations would need to develop a broad range of competencies, including technology development, content creation, Web-hosting and online community management. Companies are seeking outsourced and integrated e-learning solutions as a means of more effectively educating their extended enterprise. 2 The DigitalThink Solution We provide custom e-learning business solutions that produce measurable results for large enterprises, addressing the strategic imperative of knowledge as a driver of business performance. Executives of leading companies use our solutions to achieve business results that they can correlate to the learning. DigitalThink e-learning solutions combine customized and catalog content with tutors, a standards-based content delivery system, management and analysis technologies, and content development and editing tools. Our learning solutions are highly scalable, empowering companies to reach hundreds of thousands of globally dispersed people instantly. The key components of our solutions include: Award-Winning Content. DigitalThink works with organizations to create customized courseware and we develop courses of popular topics for our award-winning off-the-shelf catalog. Our learning strategists and instructional designers work with subject matter experts to build high quality courses that leverage adult learning theory and e-learning best practices, to create a learning experience and content that is consistently praised by learners, corporate customers, and independent evaluators. We create courses using a variety of different learning frameworks including problem-based, scenario-based and discovery-based learning. DigitalThink's focus is on creating learning that improves the knowledge, skills and performance of individuals, which in turn accelerates business performance. Interoperability. The DigitalThink Enterprise Gateway is a standards-based and secure protocol that facilitates seamless and reliable integration between a DigitalThink e-learning solution and a company's enterprise business applications, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), learning management (LMS), human resource management (HRMS), e-commerce, and customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Enterprise Gateway employs industry-standard protocols (XML, SOAP) and best-of-breed security technologies. DigitalThink's commitment to interoperability and openness extends to learning delivery as well. Our Shareable Content Object Reference Model or SCORM-native learning delivery system enables companies to use DigitalThink to deliver any standards-based content, whether developed by their own resources, DigitalThink, or a third-party. World-Class Learning Environment. DigitalThink is focused on delivering learning to globally dispersed organizations in a fast, effective and convenient way--providing an entire enterprise with a single source for e- learning. In addition to delivering e-learning content, and tracking student progress at a detailed level, the DigitalThink learning delivery system creates a highly engaging learning experience, with a comprehensive learning community (discussion boards, tutor support, instant messaging), personalized learning paths, dynamic content navigation and many other performance-enhancing features. Unlike other systems that have added SCORM support as a surface feature, DigitalThink's learning delivery system was designed from the ground up to deliver SCORM- based content, making it the only SCORM-native delivery system available in e-learning today. The native implementation gives DigitalThink unique advantages in interoperability and scalability, and the ability to enhance standards-based content authored by customers, partners or other providers with the high-value learning environment capabilities available in DigitalThink-authored content. Interactive Tutor Support. Our courses are interactive, self-paced and can be accessed at any time. Most of our catalog courses and many of our custom courses are supported by online tutors who respond to student queries and grade submitted exercises, providing personalized feedback on their work. This worldwide network of tutors adds a highly valued human element to the learning experience. Our Platform enables us and our customers to accurately track response times and ensure that our tutors are achieving their response time targets. Delivery flexibility. Because DigitalThink recognizes that organizations have diverse needs and require multiple delivery methods for e-learning, we offer a variety of options: o DigitalThink's hosted delivery solution provides 24x7 access to e-learning and administrative tools from any Internet-connected computer in the world. Our hosted solution gives customers the lowest total cost of ownership, very short implementation cycles, the highest availability in the industry and virtually unlimited scalability to reach wide audiences. o DigitalThink's desktop delivery option is ideal for organizations with employee groups--or entire locations--that are not wired for the Internet. 3 o DigitalThink's deployed delivery option is targeted at companies that need an e-learning solution that resides within their own corporate environment. All content developed for the DigitalThink platform can be available in one or more of these delivery modalities. Learning Management. Our Platform provides all the tools necessary to manage even the largest e-learning initiatives by enabling the instant launch and coordination of global, enterprise-wide e-learning initiatives--all via a standard Web browser. With the open catalog, standards-compliant content can be integrated and managed through the e-learning platform. Like other parts of the platform, learning management is easily configurable, allowing customization of business rules and look and feel. Batch enrollment and registration capabilities get an organization up and learning rapidly, and search functionality helps administrators manage large e-learning catalogs. Enterprise Reporting and Analysis Tools. We offer Web-based tools that are used by customers to track and monitor each participant's progress in order to measure course completion and knowledge acquisition. Managers can assess the performance of their employees and correlate this information with business results to evaluate the effectiveness of any course. The DigitalThink platform is industry-leading in the depth of usage and performance tracking, and includes powerful analysis tools to allow our enterprise customers to understand the usage and effectiveness of their e-learning programs and correlate learning with business results. Powerful E-Business Capability. Our highly scalable, flexible e-learning platform enables our customers and strategic resellers to develop revenue-generating businesses around our e-learning solutions. We put many of our customers into the "e-learning business" by giving them a platform to sell content and services to their customers or resellers. Customers come to DigitalThink to get into the e-learning business without installing any hardware or software because our service can operate entirely on our web-based platform. We implement these projects by delivering a combination of services and technologies to help our customer create a custom-hosted enterprise portal, tools for custom catalog creation, credit card authorization, and customized business logic and reports to provide a complete solution. Strategy Our objective is to be the leading provider of custom e-learning solutions to large enterprises. Key elements of our strategy include: o Enhance our custom e-learning solutions. We intend to continually add functionality and features to enhance our comprehensive e-learning solutions to meet our customers' evolving needs. For example, we plan to integrate our services more closely with the internal systems of our customers to facilitate our customers' ability to correlate learning data, such as course completion rates and student assessment scores, with organizational and performance metrics. Examples of these performance metrics include sales per employee, customer satisfaction and manager evaluations. We also plan to devote significant resources to expanding the breadth of our course offerings and improving the reporting and tracking features of our solutions. In addition, we will partner with existing best of breed technologies to offer our customers solutions that will meet their needs quickly and effectively. o Develop long-term strategic relationships with our customers. We believe that e-learning solutions will become increasingly critical to a business' ability to compete successfully. As an existing provider of e-learning solutions, we become a strategic resource for our customers. We plan to extend our presence within our customers' enterprises by helping our customers understand the value and applicability of our solutions to a broad range of operational initiatives. In addition, we will continue to develop new e-learning solutions that are aligned with our customers' evolving business objectives. o Expand our course offerings. We intend to continually introduce new courses and leverage our existing courses across multiple customers and industries. In many instances, we will modify content developed for existing customers in order to provide similar courses to customers in different industries. This approach allows us to generate additional revenue opportunities while leveraging previous course development efforts. 4 o Leverage development alliances and reseller relationships. We plan to grow both our direct and indirect sales channels to better service our existing markets and penetrate new markets. Our technology platform can be easily adapted to a variety of learning uses and our partners are building content to be hosted and delivered by us on behalf of their customer. Customers Our customers can use our custom e-learning solutions to compress the learning cycle, increase knowledge throughout the extended enterprise, enhance brand equity and customer service and reduce operational costs. As of March 31, 2002, we have sold courses to over 450 customers, including many large corporations. Our customers use our custom e-learning solutions to address strategic business needs in three broad areas: workforce development, sales force effectiveness and customer acquisition & retention. A workforce development customer uses our e-learning solutions to achieve a particular strategic objective by teaching or reinforcing employee skills. Sales executives use e-learning to improve the sales performance of their internal or external sales channels by deploying skills and product education quickly into the field. Customer retention customers use our products and services to provide e-learning to their external customers as an attractive additional service or as a source of goodwill or brand enhancement. Content and Courses We currently offer our customers more than 700 self-paced courses from our custom developed and e-learning catalog. Depending on topic area, each course consists of one to several hours of student work, including lessons, quizzes, interactive applets, simulations, and hands-on participant exercises which are graded and commented upon by our tutors before being returned via email to participants. All of our courses have been designed to take advantage of our e-learning environment and leverage Internet technologies, such as e-mail and discussion boards, in order to provide participants with an engaging learning experience and extensive interaction with our tutors. In addition to pre-developed courses, we develop customized content for our customers. These customized courses incorporate the significant domain knowledge of our clients and can be rapidly redesigned for other customers in the same industry. We typically retain intellectual rights to our content and can reuse elements of the courses for other customers. Products and Technology Our e-learning environment consists of technologies that we have designed and created to function as an integrated solution. By employing standard Internet technologies and a hosted content delivery model, we are able to provide our customers with a high quality, efficient means to educate their extended enterprise. Content Delivery System We host the e-learning environments of our customers. By centralizing all infrastructure and hosting requirements, our customers derive the following significant benefits: o customers do not need to install or manage any software; o content can be updated and infrastructure technology can be improved continuously without impacting our clients and at a minimal cost to us; o customers avoid the need to make significant investments in technology infrastructure such as servers, databases, technical staff or technical support; and o participants can access course content at anytime, from anywhere, through the use of a standard modem and Web browser. Deployed Solution DigitalThink's deployed delivery option is targeted at companies that need an e-learning solution that resides within their own corporate environment. Companies host their own learning management system and then add our content from either our catalog or custom courses we design for them, or both. This is a new feature that we are offering and is not yet significant in terms of revenue. 5 System Architecture Our e-learning architecture is designed to scale rapidly to provide large student populations with tutor- supported e-learning content. In addition, we have developed our content delivery system using standard Internet technologies such as Java and HTML, facilitating the delivery of our content to our customers' Web browsers. We utilize a single code base to deliver content. As a result, any improvement made in our software for one customer automatically benefits all other customers. Our content is stored in a database as structured "learning elements." We have developed a templating system that automatically controls the graphical presentation, or "look & feel", of a course, as well as course navigation. This content storage and delivery approach allows us to personalize the content for individuals in each course and minimizes content or formatting errors. In addition, this structure enables the rapid customization of course content for different customers. Our technology was not ported from a legacy application, nor was it an adaptation of a previously existing learning delivery system. Course Enrollment Options Our customers can choose several different methods to allow participants to access our courses. Enrollments can be managed by authorized personnel using our corporate administration system. Alternatively, participants can self-enroll using an intranet or Internet e-commerce option. Our system can also be integrated with third-party enterprise software applications to allow automated enrollments using a learning management or other data base administration system. Tracking and Reporting System Each participant's learning activities are fully tracked in our database. This comprehensive tracking ability allows a participant to start a course at work, and continue at home or while traveling. Regardless of their location, our system recognizes each participant, tracks their course progress and records their performance. Using only a standard Web browser, managers can run both standardized and custom reports on participant enrollments and progress, gaining visibility into the learning status of their extended enterprise. Course Tutoring Our technology allows us to increase the efficiency and scalability of our tutoring resources. The ability of tutors worldwide to interact with participants through standard Internet communication methodologies significantly increases the pool of tutor candidates we can recruit. In addition, our database system allows multiple tutors to support the same course as grading and exercise submissions can be accessed and responded to by any tutor. Duplication of tutor work is prevented by our message queuing technology. Collaboration Tools We host and make available to our customers proprietary and third-party collaboration tools, which currently include instant messaging software, e-mail solutions, chat rooms, discussion boards and real-time communications. These collaboration tools are designed to create a learning environment that fosters collaboration between peers and a high degree of interaction between participants and tutors. Testing and Assessment Our system offers comprehensive testing and assessment capabilities, which can be customized for specific learning solutions and customers. Assessment and testing capabilities include multiple choice, multiple answer quizzes with randomized question sets, tutor-scored and commented exercises, and interactive testing applets and simulations. Full Integration with Corporate Infrastructures Our custom e-learning solutions can be fully integrated with our customers' corporate information technology systems, including their Web sites and intranets. As a result, course participants do not necessarily realize that they are accessing content hosted from our servers. Our integration layer provides adapters for learning management 6 systems. We design our course content to be compatible with our customers' security concerns and bandwidth limitations. As a result, it is highly unusual for participants at our corporate clients to be unable to access our courses. Scalable Architecture Our system has been designed to scale rapidly and to consistently deliver content to large numbers of participants. We use extensive load testing to measure our system capacity and identify potential bottlenecks. Constant improvements to our system architecture continue to increase system capacity well beyond the current demands. High-Availability Systems Our systems have been designed to maximize availability, with redundancy in the areas in which we believe failures are most likely to occur. We have also implemented redundant network connections to the Internet, a load- balanced redundant Web server and a highly-redundant storage array to safeguard our information. In addition, locating our Web servers with Exodus, a Cable and Wireless Service, and a leading Web-hosting firm, provides us with backup power, constant monitoring, physical security, seismic resistance, fire suppression and climate control systems. We are vulnerable to certain types of failures, including catastrophic failure of the Exodus site due to natural disasters or other events and simultaneous failure of our primary and redundant systems. We are currently building a redundant site in Sacramento, California, to mitigate any risk with regards to a catastrophic failure at Exodus. The redundant site will be completed by the last half of fiscal 2003. Sales and Marketing We sell our custom e-learning solutions primarily through our own direct sales organization. We also sell indirectly through channel partners and strategic alliance partners. Our direct sales organization focuses on developing long-term relationships with large corporate customers. Our channel partners, including Sun Educational Services, IBM, Red Hat and others, leverage their unique distribution models to reach differentiated industries, international markets and customer segments. We also have alliance relationships with EDS, KPMG and others, who work with us to jointly sell our custom e-learning solutions and resell our courses as components of their e-learning offerings targeted at specific industries. Competition The e-learning market is evolving quickly and is subject to rapid technological change, shifts in customer demands and evolving learning methodologies. To succeed, we must continue to expand our course offerings, upgrade our technology and distinguish our solution. As competition continues to intensify, we expect the e-learning market to undergo significant price competition and consolidation. We expect to face increasing price pressures from competitors as our potential customers demand more value for their education budgets and as our competitors become mature. The e-learning market is highly fragmented with no single competitor accounting for a dominant market share, and competition is intense. In addition to competing with other suppliers of technology-based learning solutions, we also compete with third-party suppliers of instructor-led education and learning and internal education departments. Our competitors vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the courses and services they offer. Several of our competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources. In addition, larger companies may enter the e-learning market through the acquisition of our competitors. We anticipate increased competition as additional entrants join the e-learning market. Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights Our success depends, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary rights and technology. We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws and employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements to protect our proprietary rights. We have registered the trademark DigitalThink and we own the domain name digitalthink.com. It is possible, however, that third parties could acquire trademarks or domain names that are substantially similar or conceptually similar to our trademarks or domain names. This could decrease the value 7 of our trademarks or domain names and could hurt our business. The regulation of domain names in the United States and in foreign countries is subject to change. The relationship between regulations governing domain names and laws protecting trademarks and similar proprietary rights is unclear. We obtain the content for many of our courses from our customers and often receive the right to resell this content to other customers. It is possible that the use of this content may subject us to the intellectual property claims of third parties. Although we generally seek indemnification from our customers to protect us from these types of claims, we may not be fully protected from extensive damage claims or claims for injunctive relief. In addition, our customers may assert that some of the courses we develop for our general catalog or under contract with other customers may improperly use their proprietary content. Our involvement in any litigation to resolve intellectual property ownership matters would require us to incur substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources. In addition, we cannot predict the effect of a failure to prevail in any litigation of this kind. Employees As of March 31, 2002, we employed 464 persons. Of these employees, 218 were employed in course development, 114 in sales and marketing, 64 in research and development, 29 in Web delivery and customer support and 39 in general and administration. Each of our employees was granted options to purchase shares of our common stock upon joining us. Our success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain employees. We face competition in this regard from other companies, but we believe that we maintain good relations with our employees. None of our employees are members of organized labor groups. 8 Risk Factors You should consider the risks described below before making an investment decision. We believe that the risks and uncertainties described below are the principal material risks facing our company as of the date of this Form 10-K. In the future, we may become subject to additional risks that are not currently known to us. Our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of the following risks. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of the following risks. Our limited operating history and the new and emerging e-learning market makes it difficult to evaluate our business and future prospects. We commenced operations in April 1996 and did not begin to generate significant revenues until fiscal 1999. In fiscal 2002, we had revenues of $43.4 million. We are still in the early stages of our development, which, when combined with the new and emerging e-learning market, and general economic factors affecting the technology sector, make it difficult to evaluate our business or our prospects. Because of our limited operating history, we have a limited and unproven ability to predict the trends in the e-learning market and in our business. The uncertainty of our future performance, in particular, and the uncertainty regarding the acceptance of e-learning, in general, increases the risk that we will be unable to build a sustainable business and that our stockholder value will decline. We have a significant business presence in India, and risks associated with doing business there could disrupt or harm our business. In order to reduce costs associated with course development, we have established a significant presence in India through two recent acquisitions. As of March 31, 2002, we had approximately 180 employees in India. Difficulties that we could encounter with our Indian operation or with other international operations that we may establish in the future include the following: o difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; o multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations; o difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; o fluctuations in currency exchange rates; o political and economic instability, including the potential for more terrorist acts; o developments between the nations of India and Pakistan regarding the threat of war; o adverse tax consequences; o difficulties in protecting our intellectual property rights; o increases in tariffs, duties, price controls or other restrictions on foreign currencies; and o trade barriers imposed by foreign countries. In particular, in recent months, the level of hostilities between India and Pakistan has significantly increased as both nations have increased their troop strength at the border. In addition, both India and Pakistan are known to possess nuclear weapons. In the event war between India and Pakistan were to occur, our operations in India could be materially and adversely effected. Recently, in light of the continuing escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan, the United States government has authorized the departure of non-essential personnel from India and the State Department has issued an advisory against travel to India. If we encounter these problems in connection with our operations in India, our revenues could fall below expectations, which would harm our business and operating results. In this event, our stock price could decline. Our international presence could subject us to new risks because of currency and political changes, legal and cultural differences or economic instability. Our strategy includes international sales. Our current plans include continued sales overseas, which began during fiscal 2001, as well as the creation of a partner-based support infrastructure for customers around the world. In addition to our operations in India, we could be affected by political and monetary changes, including instability in the Middle East and Central Asia, European unification and the introduction of the Euro. 9 This international presence will require significant management attention and financial resources and could harm our financial performance by increasing our costs. We have very limited experience in marketing, selling and distributing courses internationally. We could become subject to additional risks as we grow internationally, including: o difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; o inability to develop content localized for international jurisdictions; o protectionist laws and business practices that favor local competition; o multiple, conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations; o slower adoption of e-learning solutions; o different learning styles; o longer sales and payment cycles; o difficulties in collecting accounts receivable; o fluctuations in currency exchange rates; o political and economic instability; o adverse tax consequences; o little or no protection of our intellectual property rights in certain foreign countries; o increases in tariffs, duties, price controls or other restrictions on foreign currencies; and o trade barriers imposed by foreign countries. If we encounter these problems in connection with our current and future sales growth internationally, our revenues could fall below expectations, which would harm our business and operating results. In this event, our stock price could decline. We have a history of losses and a large accumulated deficit of $157.2 million at March 31, 2002. We expect future losses over the next three quarters and we may not achieve profitability within the timeframes public stockholders anticipate. We have experienced losses in each quarter since our inception and expect that our quarterly losses will continue at least through the next three quarters. Our accumulated deficit as of March 31, 2002 was $157.2 million. We have never achieved a profitable quarter and we expect to continue to incur quarterly losses as we expand our operations, invest in our technology, fund the development of new content and support our growth. In addition, we plan to continue to invest to develop and acquire new course offerings with new areas of expertise, which will increase operating expenses. We will need to increase our quarterly revenues to achieve profitability. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Demand for our products and services has been and may continue to be effected by adverse economic conditions affecting the information technology industry. The information technology industry has been in a period of economic decline during 2001 and 2002. This decline may be attributable in part to general weakness in the overall economy, which has led to reduced levels of investment by businesses in information technology products and systems. When businesses are reducing investment in technologies or slowing the rate of adoption of new technologies and systems, they have a reduced need for training of their employees, customers and others in the use of these systems. In addition, many of our current and potential customers have experienced adverse changes in their financial performance, whether as a result of the general weakening of the economy or other factors. Some companies may delay training initiatives or, if these companies continue to experience disappointing operating results, whether as a result of adverse economic conditions, competitive issues or other factors, they may decrease or forego education and training expenditures 10 overall before limiting other expenditures. As a result of these factors, and possibly also due to aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks, our new contract signings in the second half of fiscal 2002 were materially and adversely affected. Therefore, continuation of the economic downturn in the United States as well as continuation of the current adverse economic conditions in the information technology industry would harm our results of operations. We may not be able to secure necessary funding in the future; additional funding may result in dilution to our stockholders We require substantial working capital to fund our business. We have had significant operating losses and negative cash flow from operations since inception and expect this to continue for the foreseeable future. We expect to use our available cash resources and credit facility primarily to fund sales and marketing activities, research and development, and continued operations, and possibly make future acquisitions. We believe that our existing capital resources will be sufficient to meet our capital requirements for the next twelve months. However, if our capital requirements increase materially from those currently planned or if revenues fall below our expectations, we may require additional financing sooner than anticipated. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of our stockholders will be reduced, stockholders may experience dilution, or such equity securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of the holders of our common stock. Additional financing may not be available when needed on terms favorable to us or at all. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may be unable to develop or enhance our products and services, take advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures. Our quarterly operating results are subject to fluctuations, which could cause our stock price to decline. Our revenue and operating results are volatile and difficult to predict and may be susceptible to declines in future periods. Our quarterly results of operations may fluctuate significantly in the future due to shortfalls in revenues or orders or the timing of orders. We therefore believe that quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating results may not be a good indication of our future performance. In the event of a revenue or order shortfall or unanticipated expenses in some future quarter or quarters, our operating results may be below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. In such an event, the price of our common stock may decline significantly. Our operating expenses are largely fixed in the short term and based, to a significant degree, on our estimates of future revenue. We will likely be unable to, or may elect not to, reduce spending quickly enough to offset any unexpected revenue shortfall. Therefore, any significant shortfall in revenue in relation to our expectations would cause our quarterly results for a particular period to decline. In recognizing revenue we depend on the timely achievement of various milestones, and our inability to recognize revenue in accordance with our expectations will harm our operating results. In accordance with our revenue recognition policy, our ability to record revenues depends upon several factors. These factors include acceptance by our customers of new courses and the pace of participant registrations in courses once they are completed and made available for access from our Web site. All of our customer contracts provide that at least a portion of our revenues depend on either course completion or participant registration, or both. Revenues from custom course development accounted for approximately 53% of our total revenues for the year ended March 31, 2002. Our ability to recognize revenues from custom-tailored courses depends upon our customers providing us with subject matter experts and content to be incorporated into the courses as well as our completion of production and obtaining customer acceptance at each stage of development. Accordingly, if customers do not provide us with the subject matter experts or content in a timely manner, we will not be able to recognize the revenues associated with that project, which would harm our operating results. In addition, if the expected number of participants do not sign up for a course, our ability to recognize revenues will be delayed, which could also harm our operating results in any quarter. Participant registration depends in large part on the promotional activities of our customers. If customers fail to take necessary measures to require employee enrollment in courses or if they fail to promote the course effectively to persons outside their organization, our ability to recognize revenues, and therefore our operating results, could be harmed. 11 We are likely to be dependent upon a small group of major customers for a significant portion of our revenues, and changes in sales to these customers could harm our performance. We expect that we will continue to depend upon a small number of customers for a significant portion of our revenues. As a result, our operating results could suffer if we lost any of these customers or if these customers slowed or cancelled purchases or delayed payment in any future fiscal period. For example, in fiscal 2002, our largest customer, EDS, accounted for 8.8% and another customer accounted for 15.5% of our total revenues of $43.4 million, or 25.9% and 12.6%, respectively, when excluding the forgiveness of a $10 million penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS. We expect that EDS and other major customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues during future fiscal periods. Accordingly, changes in these customers' businesses and in their views regarding the value of e-learning in general and our products and services in particular could harm our financial performance. The length and variability of our sales cycle may make our operating results unpredictable and volatile. The period between our initial contact with a potential customer and the first purchase of our solution by that customer typically ranges from three to nine months. In some cases the cycle has extended for close to two years. Because we rely on large sales for a substantial portion of our revenues, these long sales cycles can adversely effect our financial performance in any quarter. Factors which may contribute to the variability and length of our sales cycle include the time periods required for: o our education of potential customers about the benefits of our e-learning solutions; o our potential customers' assessment of the value of online solutions compared to traditional educational solutions; o our potential customers' evaluation of competitive online solutions; and o our potential customers' internal budget and approval processes. Our lengthy sales cycle limits our ability to forecast the timing and size of specific sales. This, in turn, makes it difficult to predict quarterly financial performance. Our growth depends on hiring and retaining qualified personnel in a highly competitive employment market. The growth of our business and revenues will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain sufficient numbers of highly skilled employees, particularly database engineers, course content developers, web designers and technical and sales personnel. We primarily rely on individual third parties to provide the majority of our tutoring and our ability to support our courses depends on the availability and competency of these third-party tutors. Education and Internet related industries create high demand for qualified personnel and candidates experienced in both areas are limited. Our failure to attract and retain sufficient skilled personnel may limit the rate at which we can grow, which will harm our business and financial performance. The growth of our business requires wide acceptance of e-learning solutions. The market for e-learning solutions is new and rapidly evolving. A number of factors could impact the acceptance of our e-learning solutions, including: o historic reliance on traditional education methods; o limited allocation of our customers' and prospective customers' education budgets to e-learning; and o ineffective use of online learning solutions. Our e-learning solutions are new, largely untested and less familiar to prospective customers than more established education methods. If the market for e-learning fails to develop or develops more slowly than we expect, we will not achieve our growth and revenue targets and our stock price will likely decline. 12 We may fail to integrate adequately acquired products, third-party technologies and businesses. We regularly evaluate acquisition opportunities and have made, and are likely to make in the future, acquisitions that would provide additional product or service offerings, additional industry expertise or an expanded geographic presence. For example in August 2001 we acquired LearningByte International, a provider of custom e-learning courseware. In November 2001, we acquired TCT Technical Training Pvt. Ltd. ("TCT"), of Kolkata, India, a content developer of custom courseware. We may be unable to locate attractive opportunities to obtain access to technologies and products, or acquire any companies that we identify on attractive terms. Future acquisitions of companies, products or technologies could result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities and amortization expenses related to intangible assets, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations. Product and technology acquisitions or strategic partnerships entail numerous risks, including difficulties in the assimilation of acquired operations, technologies and products, diversion of management's attention to other business concerns, risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience and the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses. We may be unable to integrate successfully any operations, personnel or products that have been acquired or that might be acquired in the future. Further, the revenues from the acquired businesses may not be sufficient to support the costs associated with those businesses without adversely affecting our operating margin in the future. Any failure to successfully complete the integration in a timely fashion or to generate sufficient revenues from the acquired businesses could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. We may not have adequate resources to compete effectively, acquire and retain customers and attain future growth in the highly competitive e-learning market. The e-learning market is evolving quickly and is subject to rapid technological change, shifts in customer demands and evolving learning methodologies. In recent months e-learning has received more attention and numerous new companies have entered the market. As a result, customers and potential customers have more choices. This challenges us to distinguish our offerings. If we fail to adapt to changes and the increased competition in our industry, we may lose existing customers or fail to gain new customers. No single competitor accounts for a dominant market share, yet competition is intense. We compete primarily with: o third-party suppliers of instructor-led education and learning; o internal education departments; and o other suppliers of technology-based learning solutions. Due to the high market fragmentation, we do not often compete head-to-head with any particular company. On occasion, our customers may evaluate our solution by comparison with solutions offered by other e-learning companies. These companies may include click2learn.com, Docent, IBM, NETg, Saba, Skillsoft, SmartForce and other regional web development organizations. We may not provide solutions that compare favorably with traditional or new instructor-led techniques or other technology-based learning methodologies. Our competitors vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the courses and services they offer. Several of our competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical and marketing resources. Larger companies may enter the e-learning market through the acquisition of our competitors. We anticipate that the lack of significant entry barriers to the e-learning market will allow other competitors to enter the market, increasing competition. To succeed, we must continue to expand our course offerings, upgrade our technology and distinguish our solution. We may not be able to do so successfully. Any failure by us to anticipate or respond adequately to changes in technology and customer preferences, or any significant delays in course development or implementation, could impact our ability to capture market share. As competition continues to intensify, we expect the e-learning market to undergo significant price competition. We also expect to face increasing price pressures from customers as they demand more value for their learning related expenditures. Increased competition, or our inability to compete successfully against current and future competitors, could reduce operating margins, loss of market share and thought leadership resulting in a diminution of our brand. 13 We rely on cooperation from our customers and third parties to develop and deliver courses and our business will suffer if such cooperation occurs in an untimely or inefficient manner. To be competitive, we must develop and introduce on a timely basis new course offerings, which meet the needs of companies seeking to use our e-learning solutions. The quality of our learning solutions depends in large part on our ability to frequently update our courses and develop new content as the underlying subject matter changes. We create courses by incorporating subject matter expertise provided by our customers and third party content developers into an e-learning delivery platform. The quality of our courses depends on receiving content and cooperation from our customers, subject matter experts provided by our customers, and third-party content developers. If we do not receive materials from these sources in a timely manner, we may not be able to develop or deliver specialized courses to our customers in the expected time frame. Even if we do receive necessary materials from third parties, our employees and consultants must complete their work in a timely manner or we will not meet customer expectations. In the past, we have experienced delays in obtaining access to our customers' experts, which has contributed to a longer development cycle and inefficient allocation of our resources. Any prolonged delays, even when caused by our customers, can result in failure to satisfy a customer's demands and damage our reputation. Our plans to expand the scope of our courses to fields other than information technology depends on our ability to develop relationships with experts, and if we are unable to attract the right experts, we may not be successful in entering new fields. Our strategy involves broadening the fields presently covered by our courses. In particular, to date we have been primarily focused on courses in the information technology area. We are currently planning to develop and introduce new course offerings in soft skills, financial services and other fields. These new course offerings may encompass areas in which we have little or no experience or expertise. Therefore, our ability to expand our courses into these areas will depend in part on our ability to negotiate and execute content development relationships with recognized experts or leading corporations in the new fields. If we cannot locate these experts, we may fail to develop the courses that our current and future customers will demand. The failure to expand our course offerings to new fields could constrain our revenue growth and harm our future prospects. To remain competitive, we must keep pace with rapid technological changes in our industry. Rapidly changing technologies, frequent new service introductions, short development cycles and evolving standards characterize the e-learning market. We must adapt to rapidly changing technologies by maintaining and improving the performance features and reliability of our courses. We may experience technical difficulties that could delay or prevent the successful development, introduction or marketing of new courses and related services. For instance, adding capabilities to deliver video over the Internet to our courses may be desired by some customers, but may nevertheless pose a serious technical challenge and could have a negative impact on our ability to develop and deliver courses on a profitable basis. In addition, any new enhancements to our courses must meet the requirements of our current and prospective customers and participants. We could incur substantial costs to modify our services or infrastructure to adapt to rapid technological change. If we release updated functionality or new products containing defects, we may need to reconfigure and re-release and our business and reputation would be harmed Products as complex as ours often contain unknown and undetected errors or performance problems. Many serious defects are frequently found during the period immediately following introduction and initial deployment of new products or enhancements to existing products. Although we attempt to resolve all errors that we believe would be considered serious by our customers before release to them, our products are not error-free. These errors or performance problems could result in lost revenues or delays in customer acceptance and would be detrimental to our business and reputation. As is typical in the industry, with each release we have discovered errors in our products after introduction. We will not be able to detect and correct all errors before releasing our products commercially and these undetected errors could be significant. We cannot assure that these undetected errors or performance problems in our existing or future products will not be discovered in the future or that known errors considered minor by us will not be considered serious by our customers, resulting in a decrease in our revenues. 14 We could inhibit increases in our revenues if we do not develop indirect sales channels. To date, more than 90% of our sales have been made through direct sales efforts. We believe that we will need to diversify our sales efforts to be successful. If we do not develop indirect sales channels, we may miss sales opportunities. We are currently investing in personnel and marketing activities to develop indirect sales channels, particularly through our relationships with EDS, KPMG and other system integrators and consulting firms who provide learning as an additional service to their clients. Although we are currently investing to develop these indirect sales channels, we may not succeed in establishing a channel that can effectively market our e-learning solutions on a profitable basis. Our direct sales force may compete with these resellers, and we may not be able to manage conflicts across our direct and indirect sales channels. Our focus on increasing sales through our indirect channel may divert management resources and attention from direct sales. Conflicts across sales channels could cause us to encounter pricing pressures and lose revenue opportunities, which could harm our business and cause our operating results to decline. The expected growth in our business requires continuous improvement in the capacity of our technology infrastructure and a failure to coordinate such improvements with our growth could lead to customer dissatisfaction and revenue losses. In order to address the expected growth in our business, we must continue to improve the capacity of our technology infrastructure. Our success requires the continuing and uninterrupted performance of our internal computer network and Internet course servers. Any system failure that causes interruptions or delays in our ability to make our courses accessible to customers could reduce customer satisfaction. If sustained or repeated, a system failure could reduce the attractiveness of our courses and services, resulting in significant revenue losses. We are particularly vulnerable to network failures during periods of rapid growth when our roster of courses and participants can outpace our network capacity. The continued viability of our business requires us to support multiple participants concurrently and deliver fast response times with minimal network delays. We continue to add system capacity, but we may not adequately address network capacity, especially during periods of rapid growth. Any failure to meet these capacity requirements could lead to additional expenditures, lost business opportunities and damage to our reputation and competitive position. Any failure of, or capacity constraints in, the systems of third parties on which we rely could adversely affect our business. Our success is highly dependent on the consistent performance of our Internet and communications infrastructure. Our communications hardware and some of our other computer hardware operations are located at the facilities of Exodus, in Santa Clara, California. Unexpected events such as natural disasters, power losses and vandalism could damage our systems. Telecommunications failures, computer viruses, electronic break-ins, earthquakes, fires, floods, other natural disasters or other similar disruptive problems could adversely affect the operation of our systems. Despite precautions we have taken, unanticipated problems affecting our systems in the future could cause interruptions or delays in the delivery of our courses. Our telecommunications vendor and Exodus together provide us with our Internet connection. Their failure to provide sufficient and timely data communications capacity and network infrastructure could cause service interruptions or slower response times, resulting in reduced customer demand for our courses and services. Our insurance policies may not adequately compensate us for any losses that may occur due to any damages or interruptions in our systems. We could be required to make capital expenditures in the event of damage. Any system failures could adversely affect customer usage in any future quarters, which could adversely affect our revenues and operating results and harm our reputation with corporate customers, subscribers and commerce partners. We do not currently have fully redundant systems or a formal disaster recovery plan. Our Web site must accommodate a high volume of traffic and deliver courses and other information in a timely manner. If our Web site fails for any reason or if we experience periods of unscheduled downtimes, even for a short period of time, our business and reputation would be materially harmed. We cannot accurately project the rate or timing of any increases in traffic to our Web site and the failure to expand and upgrade the Web site or any system error, failure or extended downtime could materially harm our business, reputation, financial condition or results of operations. 15 We have recently contracted with a third party to provide fully redundant systems to our live site outside the San Francisco Bay area. We are in the process of developing the redundant site, expected to be operational in the last half of fiscal 2003. We may become subject to government regulation and legal uncertainties that could reduce demand for our products and services or increase the cost of doing business, thereby adversely affecting our financial results We are not currently subject to direct regulation by any domestic or foreign governmental agency, other than regulations applicable to businesses generally, export control laws and laws or regulations directly applicable to Internet commerce. However, due to the increasing popularity and use of the Internet, it is possible that a number of laws and regulations may become applicable to us or may be adopted in the future with respect to the Internet covering issues such as: o user privacy; o taxation; o content; o right to access personal data; o copyrights; o distribution; and o characteristics and quality of services. The applicability of existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, copyrights, and other intellectual property issues, encryption, taxation, libel, export or import matters and personal privacy to the Internet is uncertain. The vast majority of these laws were adopted prior to the broad commercial use of the Internet and related technologies. As a result, they do not contemplate or address the unique issues of the Internet and related technologies. Changes to these laws, including some recently proposed changes, could create uncertainty in the Internet marketplace. Such uncertainty could reduce demand for our services or increase the cost of doing business due to increased costs of litigation or increased service delivery costs. Our inability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights and our Internet domain name could lead to unauthorized use of our courses or restrict our ability to market our courses. Our success depends on our ability to protect our proprietary rights and technology. We rely on a combination of copyrights, trademarks, service marks, trade secret laws and employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements to protect our proprietary rights. Despite our efforts, unauthorized parties may attempt to duplicate or copy our courses or our delivery technology or obtain and use information that we regard as proprietary. The laws of many countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States. Effective trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which we provide our courses and services. We have registered the trademark DigitalThink and we own the domain name digitalthink.com. It is possible, however, that third parties could acquire trademarks or domain names that are substantially similar or conceptually similar to our trademarks or domain names. This could decrease the value of our trademarks or domain names and could hurt our business. The regulation of domain names in the United States and in foreign countries could change. The relationship between regulations governing domain names and laws protecting trademarks and similar proprietary rights is unclear. As a result, we may not acquire or maintain exclusive rights to our domain names in the United States or in other countries in which we conduct business. We may from time to time encounter disputes over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property. We obtain the content for many of our courses from our customers and it is possible that the use of this content may subject us to the intellectual property claims of third parties. Although we generally seek indemnification from our customers to protect us from these types of claims, we may not be fully protected from extensive damage claims or claims for injunctive relief. Our customers may assert that some of the courses we develop for our general catalog 16 or under contract with other customers may improperly use their proprietary content. Our involvement in any litigation to resolve intellectual property ownership matters would require us to incur substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources. We cannot predict the effect of a failure to prevail in any litigation of this kind. The price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly in the past and may continue to do so. Our common stock price has fluctuated significantly since our initial public offering in February 2000. While much of the fluctuation in our common stock price may be due to our business and financial performance, we believe that these fluctuations are also due to fluctuations in the stock market in general based on factors not directly related to our performance, such as general economic conditions or prevailing interest rates. As a result of these fluctuations in the price of our common stock, it is difficult to predict what the price of our common stock will be at any point in the future, and you may not be able to sell your common stock at or above the price that you paid for it. We are subject to a pending legal proceeding and may become subject to additional proceedings and adverse determinations in these proceedings could harm our business. In October 2001, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company, certain of its officers and directors, and certain underwriters of the Company's initial public offering. The complaint was purportedly filed on behalf of a class or certain persons who purchased the Company's common stock between February 24, 2000 and December 6, 2000. The complaint alleges violations by the Company and its officers and directors of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with certain alleged compensation arrangements entered into by the underwriters in connection with the offering. Substantially similar complaints have been filed against over 300 other issuers that have had initial public offerings since 1998. We believe that this action is without merit and intend to vigorously defend ourselves against it. Although we cannot presently determine the outcome of this action, an adverse resolution of this matter could significantly negatively impact our financial position and results of operations. We may be from time to time involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings, which arise in the ordinary course of business. An adverse resolution of these matters could significantly negatively impact our financial position and results of operations. Provisions of our charter documents and Delaware law may have anti-takeover effects that could prevent a change in our control, even if this would be beneficial to stockholders. Provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, bylaws and Delaware law could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our stockholders. These provisions include: o A Shareholder Rights Plan that grants existing stockholders additional rights in the event that a single holder acquires greater than 15% of our shares; o a classified board of directors, in which our board is divided into three classes with three year terms with only one class elected at each annual meeting of stockholders, which means that a holder of a majority of our common stock will need two annual meetings of stockholders to gain control of the board; o a provision which prohibits our stockholders from acting by written consent without a meeting; o a provision which permits only the board of directors, the president or the chairman to call special meetings of stockholders; and o a provision which requires advance notice of items of business to be brought before stockholders meetings. Amending any of the above provisions will require the vote of the holders of 66 2/3% of our outstanding common stock. Item 2. Properties We are currently under agreement to lease a total of approximately 140,000 square feet of office space in three locations in San Francisco, California and one location in Alameda, California. Approximately 25,000 square feet 17 of this office space is currently under construction and we will begin paying rent on that space in the first half of the 2003 fiscal year. In addition, we have approximately 25,000 square feet of leased building space in Minneapolis, Minnesota, which we have subleased, approximately 4,000 square feet of leased building space in Troy, Michigan, approximately 9,000 square feet of building space in San Diego California, approximately 3,000 square feet of leased office space in Chicago, Illinois, approximately 8,000 square feet of leased building space in the United Kingdom and a total of approximately 30,000 square feet of leased building space in India in the cities of Kolkata, Bangalore and Hyderabad. These leases expire at varying dates through 2016 and include renewals at our option. In March 2002, the Company took a $6.8 million charge as part of the restructuring charge, associated with leases related to excess or closed facilities, which represents the excess of the remaining lease obligations over estimated market value, net of anticipated sublease income. This action will consolidate our sales, administrative and content and technology development facilities from a total of approximately 244,000 square feet into approximately 100,000 square feet. Amounts accrued (net of anticipated sublease proceeds) related to the consolidation of facilities will be paid over the respective lease terms through 2016. As of March 31, 2002, seven sites have been vacated: San Diego, California; Chislom, Minnesota; Detroit, Michigan; Alameda, California; two facilities in San Francisco, California and our office in the United Kingdom. Item 3. Legal Proceedings In October 2001, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Company, certain of its officers and directors, and certain underwriters of the Company's initial public offering. The complaint was purportedly filed on behalf of a class or certain persons who purchased the Company's common stock between February 24, 2000 and December 6, 2000. The complaint alleges violations by the Company and its officers and directors of the Securities Act of 1933 in connection with certain alleged compensation arrangements entered into by the underwriters in connection with the offering. Substantially similar complaints have been filed against over 300 other issuers that have had initial public offerings since 1998. The Company intends to vigorously defend against this action. Although no assurance can be given that this matter will be resolved in the Company's favor, the Company believes that the resolution of this lawsuit will not have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders We did not have any matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter ended March 31, 2002. 18 MANAGEMENT Executive Officers of the Registrant Jon C. Madonna ............. 58 Chairman Michael W. Pope ............ 35 President and Chief Executive Officer Robert J. Krolik ........... 33 Chief Financial Officer Todd A. Clyde .............. 37 Vice President, Consulting and Alliances Linda T. Drumright ......... 41 Vice President, Engineering Adam D. Levy ............... 40 Vice President, Human Resources and General Counsel Umberto Milletti ........... 36 Vice President, Solutions Management John M. Olmstead ........... 44 Vice President, Sales
Jon C. Madonna has served as our Chairman since April 2002. Prior to that he was President from December 2000 to April 2002, Chief Executive Officer from August 2001 to April 2002 and a member of our board of directors since January 2000. From December 1998 to December 2000, Mr. Madonna was President and Chief Executive Officer of Carlson Wagonlit Travel, a leading business travel and expense management company. From January 1997 to October 1998, Mr. Madonna was Vice Chairman of The Travelers Group, a financial services and insurance company, and Vice Chairman of Travelers Property and Casualty and Chief Executive Officer of the Personal Lines business. Previously, Mr. Madonna was with KPMG Peat Marwick for 28 years, where he held numerous senior leadership positions, most recently as Chairman and CEO from 1990 to December 1996. Mr. Madonna holds a B.S. from the University of San Francisco. Michael W. Pope has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer since April 2002. Prior to that he was Vice President, Chief Financial Officer from October 1999 to April 2002. From June 1992 to October 1999, Mr. Pope served in various positions at Dionex Corporation, a manufacturer and marketer of chromatography systems and related products for chemical analysis, most recently as Chief Financial Officer from April 1994 to October 1999. Mr. Pope holds a B.A. in Quantitative Economics from Stanford University and a M.B.A. from the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley. Robert J. Krolik has served as Chief Financial Officer since April 2002. From March 2001 to April 2002 he was Corporate Controller. Prior to that he was Chief Financial Officer of Karna LLC from September 1999 to March 2001. From April 1997 to September 1999 he was Director of Finance of SRI Consulting. From July 1991 to March 1997 he held various positions at Arthur Andersen, most recently as manager from July 1996 to March 1997. Mr. Krolik holds a B.B.A. in Finance from the University of Texas at Austin. He is also a Certified Public Accountant. Todd A. Clyde has served as Vice President, Consulting and Alliances since January 2001. Prior to that he was Vice President, Learning Solutions from March 1998 to December 2000. From October 1986 to March 1998, Mr. Clyde held several positions with Anderson Consulting, most recently Senior Manager. Mr. Clyde holds a B.A. in Management Science from the University of California at San Diego. Linda T. Drumright has served as Vice President, Engineering since October 1999. From August 1998 to October 1999, Ms. Drumright served Vice President, Budgeting, Planning and Forecasting Application Product Development for Hyperion Solutions Corporation, a developer of enterprise analytic application software. Prior to that, from July 1997 to August 1998, she was the Senior Director of the Tools and Applications Division at Arbor Software Corp., a database software developer, and from June 1990 to July 1997, she held several technical positions, including Senior Manager, at Sybase, Inc. Ms. Drumright holds a B.A. in Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley. Adam D. Levy has served as Vice President, Human Resources and General Counsel since October 2001. Prior to that he was General Counsel from February 1999 to October 2001. From September 1994 through October 1999, Mr. Levy was an Associate at the law firm of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati. Mr. Levy holds a B.A. in Economics from Haverford College and a J.D. from Georgetown University. Umberto Milletti is one of our co-founders and has served in various positions and as our Vice President, Solutions Management since April 1996. From March 1993 to March 1996, Mr. Milletti was Director of Product Development at Knowledge Revolution. Mr. Milletti holds a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Tufts University and a M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley. 19 John M. Olmstead has served as Vice President, Sales since March 2001. From April 1986 to March 2001 he was Vice President, Global Sales, Central Region for UUNET & CompuServe Network Services. Prior to that he was National Account Executive for Basic Computer/MicrOhio from March 1982 to March 1986. Mr. Olmstead holds a Bachelor of Science and Systems from Taylor University. PART II Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stock Matters Our Common Stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market System under the symbol DTHK. The following table sets forth, for the period indicated, the low and high last reported prices per share for our Common Stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market.
Fiscal Year ended Fiscal Year ended March 31, 2002 March 31, 2001 Low High Low High ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- First quarter .......... $ 5.51 $ 10.10 $ 15.00 $ 42.13 Second quarter ......... $ 6.81 $ 15.00 $ 28.38 $ 60.00 Third quarter .......... $ 6.32 $ 11.34 $ 9.50 $ 44.25 Fourth quarter ......... $ 2.20 $ 11.50 $ 6.88 $ 18.38
As of May 23, 2002 there were approximately 7,000 holders of record of DigitalThink Common Stock. No dividends have been paid on the Common Stock since inception and we currently intend to retain all future earnings, if any, for use in our business and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION The following table gives information about our common stock that may be issued upon the exercise of options, warrants and rights under all of our existing equity compensation plans as of March 31, 2002, including the 1996 ISO Stock Plan and 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Plan.
(c) Number of securities (a) (b) remaining available for Number of securities Weighted average future issuance under to be issued upon exercise price of equity compensation plans exercise of outstanding outstanding options, (excluding securities Plan Category options, warrants and rights warrants and rights reflected in column(a) - ------------- ---------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------- Equity compensation plans approved by security holders ....................... 5,731,132 $8.67 2,217,466 Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders .................... 1,244,480(1) $9.76 225,520 --------- --------- Total .................................. 6,975,612 2,472,986 ========= =========
- ------------ (1) Issued pursuant to our 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, which does not require the approval of and has not been approved by our shareholders. See description of the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan below. 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan On December 14, 2000, the Board of Directors approved the 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan (the "2000 Plan"). The 2000 Plan provides for the granting of non-qualified stock options to employees and consultants at the fair market value of our common stock as of the date of grant. Options granted under the 2000 Plan generally vest at a rate of 1/4th after twelve months and 1/48th per month thereafter, however, the vesting schedule can change on a grant-by-grant basis. The 2000 Plan provides that vested options may be exercised for 3 months after termination of employment and for 12 months after termination of employment as a result of death or disability. We may select alternative periods of time for exercise upon termination of service. The 2000 Plan permits options to be exercised with cash, check, certain other shares of our stock or consideration received by us under a "cashless exercise" program. In the event that we merge with or into another corporation, or sell substantially all of our assets, 20 the 2000 Plan provides that each outstanding option will be assumed or substituted for by the successor corporation. If such substitution or assumption does not occur, each option will fully vest and become exercisable. There are 1,500,000 shares of common stock reserved under the Plan, and 255,520 shares remaining for future issuance. Item 6. Selected Financial Data The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Year Ended March 31, ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ----------- ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------ (In thousands, except per share data) Revenues: Delivered Learning fees (1) ...................... $ 148 $ 1,034 $ 4,994 $ 17,978 $ 20,401 Learning Solution services (1) .................. 52 813 5,821 20,680 22,955 -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Total revenues ................................ 200 1,847 10,815 38,658 43,356 -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Costs and expenses: Cost of Delivered Learning fees ................. 363 855 2,409 5,509 6,619 Cost of Learning Solution services .............. 39 361 3,337 11,211 11,934 Content research and development ................ 886 1,657 4,082 6,092 7,094 Technology research and development ............. 665 1,005 3,687 11,791 11,318 Selling and marketing ........................... 1,400 2,970 11,596 23,105 21,208 General and administrative ...................... 419 622 2,342 6,046 7,355 Depreciation .................................... 83 236 915 3,190 5,274 Amortization of warrants ........................ -- -- -- 13,131 11,003 Stock-based compensation * ...................... -- 58 3,663 5,432 1,888 Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles ................................... -- -- -- 3,602 7,208 Write-off of in-process research and development ................................... -- -- -- 7,118 -- Impairment of goodwill .......................... -- -- -- -- 10,437 Acquisition related charges ..................... -- -- -- -- 5,792 Restructuring charge ............................ -- -- -- -- 9,778 -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Total costs and expenses ...................... 3,855 7,764 32,031 96,227 116,908 -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Loss from operations ............................. (3,655) (5,917) (21,216) (57,569) (73,552) Penalty income recognized (1) .................... -- -- -- -- 10,000 Interest and other income ........................ 186 166 1,055 5,344 1,911 -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Net loss ......................................... $ (3,469) $ (5,751) $ (20,161) $ (52,225) $ (61,641) -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock ........................................... $ 1,669 $ 3,518 $ 7,593 $ -- $ -- -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Loss attributable to common shareholders ......... $ (5,138) $ (9,269) $ (27,754) $ (52,225) $ (61,641) -------- -------- --------- --------- --------- Basic and diluted loss per common share .......... $ (1.27) $ (2.26) $ (3.87) $ (1.51) $ (1.61) -------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Shares used in basic and diluted loss per common share .................................... 4,036 4,095 7,164 34,524 38,176 -------- --------- --------- --------- --------- Pro forma basic and diluted loss per common share(2) ........................................ $ -- $ (0.56) $ (1.09) $ (1.51) $ (1.61) ======== ========= ========= ========= ========= Shares used in pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share (3) ....................... -- 16,687 25,412 34,524 38,176 ======== ========= ========= ========= =========
21
March 31, ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------- Balance Sheet Data: Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities .................................... $ 2,862 $ 9,455 $ 96,698 $ 64,038 $ 31,110 Working capital ................................ 2,615 8,353 92,316 54,640 12,137 Total assets ................................... 3,580 11,330 110,176 111,687 136,272 Redeemable convertible preferred stock ......... 9,329 24,583 -- -- -- Accumulated deficit ............................ (6,305) (15,573) (43,327) (95,552) (157,193) Total stockholders' equity (deficit) ........... $ (6,298) $ (15,505) $ 97,880 $ 89,127 $ 109,726 (*) Stock-based compensation: .................. Cost of Delivered Learning fees ............ $ -- $ 3 $ 143 $ 121 $ 28 Cost of Learning Solution services ......... -- 4 318 500 165 Content research and development ........... -- 4 72 76 34 Technology research and development ........ -- 13 473 1,329 555 Selling and marketing ...................... -- 25 1,042 1,391 451 General and administrative ................. -- 9 1,615 2,015 655 -------- --------- --------- --------- ---------- Total ....................................... $ -- $ 58 $ 3,663 $ 5,432 $ 1,888 ======== ========= ========= ========= ==========
- ------------ (1) Reflects the forgiveness of the penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS resulting in a reduction of revenues of $8.8 million and $1.2 million for Delivery Learning fees and Learning Solution services, respectively, and $10 million of penalty income recognized in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002. (2) Pro forma basic and diluted loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period and the weighted average number of common shares resulting from the assumed conversion of outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock. (3) Shares used in pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share assumes the conversion of preferred stock into an equivalent number of shares of common stock at time of issuance. 22 Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations The following Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. When used in this document, the words "intend," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "plan," and "expect" and similar expressions as they relate to us are included to identify forward-looking statements. Our actual results and the timing of certain events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors" in this document. Overview We provide online learning courses and services, which we refer to as custom e-learning solutions. We were founded in April 1996. In fiscal 1997, we invested in both course content development and research and development as we built our course offerings and technology, releasing our first course in the later part of fiscal 1997. Since fiscal 1998, we have made significant investments in content research and development, sales and marketing activities, technology research and development, Web delivery, and customer support. We have also experienced significant headcount increases during this period. We grew from 40 employees on March 31, 1998 to 235 on March 31, 2000 to 441 on March 31, 2001 and to 464 employees as of March 31, 2002. Our revenues increased from $200,000 in fiscal 1998, to $1.8 million in fiscal 1999, to $10.8 million in fiscal 2000, to $38.7 million in fiscal 2001, and to $43.4 million in fiscal 2002. Sources of Revenues and Revenue Recognition Policy We deliver our custom e-learning solutions through a catalog of existing courses and through customized content tailored to the specific needs of our customers. We refer to the individuals taking courses as participants. Customized e-learning courses have accounted for, and we expect will continue to account for, a significant portion of our total revenues. We generate revenues by delivering courses included in our course catalog as well as delivering our customized e-learning courses to participants. Customers that enter into Delivered Learning contracts provide participants with access to our online courses and tutor support. Additionally, customers are provided with access to management systems that allow them to track and monitor participants' performance. Delivered Learning contracts typically allow for a specific number of registered participants, based on a per participant fee. These contracts also typically limit the period of time over which participants can register for and complete an online course. We begin recognizing these Delivered Learning fees when a participant registers for a course. These fees are recognized ratably over the time period a participant has access to the course, which is typically six months. Customers typically pay for the courses in advance of the anticipated timeframe of course registration and do not receive refunds for the unused portion of the available registrations agreed to in the contract. In cases where we allow unlimited access to our courses for a specific period of time, revenue is recognized ratably over the term of the contract. We also derive revenues from contracts that require development of tailored e-learning solutions. Typically, these Learning Solution service revenues are generated from performance consulting services, implementation services, course content development, instructional plan design, and release of the course for access by participants and are recognized as earned in accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 81-1, Accounting for Performance of Construction Production-Type Contracts, as development progresses on the percentage of completion method. We measure the percentage of completion based on the ratio of actual custom development or service costs incurred to date, to total estimated costs to complete the custom course or service. Provisions for estimated losses on incomplete contracts will be made on a contract by contract basis and recognized in the period in which such losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. To date, there have been no such losses. Custom contracts typically call for non-refundable payments due upon achievement of certain milestones in the production of courses or in consulting services. Delivered Learning fees and Learning Solution service revenues are each recognized only when collection is probable and there is evidence that we have completed our obligation. If a contract includes both Delivered Learning fees and Learning Solution services, the revenues are apportioned consistent with the value associated with each and the term of the contract. In all cases, these revenues are recognized in accordance with the policies detailed above. We have entered into revenue sharing agreements with some of our customers and have certain reseller agreements. Under revenue sharing agreements, we receive royalties or similar payments based on sales of courses 23 by the customer. Under reseller agreements, we provide the reseller with courses at a discount from our list price. The reseller then assumes responsibility for sales, marketing, and related activities, and we would not expect to incur significant sales and marketing expenses in connection with reseller sales. We have a limited operating history, which makes it difficult to forecast future operating performance. Although our revenues have grown in recent years, this growth rate may not be sustainable. In addition, we have never been profitable and expect to incur significant net losses in the foreseeable future as we increase our content research and development, technology research and development, selling and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. We have experienced losses in each quarter since our inception and expect that our quarterly losses will continue at least through the next three quarters. We expect that these losses will result in large part from our ongoing emphasis on course development and sales and marketing activities. As of March 31, 2002, we had an accumulated deficit of $157.2 million. In addition, we derive a significant portion of our revenues from a limited number of customers and the percentage of our revenues from any one customer can be material. For example, in fiscal 2002, our largest customer, EDS, accounted for 8.8% and another customer accounted for 15.5% of our total revenues of $43.4 million, or 25.9% and 12.6%, respectively, when excluding the forgiveness of a $10 million penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS. We expect that EDS and other major customers will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues during future fiscal periods. Sales to our largest customer comprised 10% of our revenues in fiscal 2001. Sales to our largest customer comprised 32% of our revenues in fiscal 2000. In fiscal 1999, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our revenues. Stock-Based Compensation Deferred stock compensation represents the difference between the estimated fair value of the common stock for accounting purposes and the option exercise price at the date of grant. We recorded deferred stock compensation of $390,000 in fiscal 1999, and $11.3 million in fiscal 2000, and $1.6 million in fiscal 2001 in connection with an acquisition. These amounts are being amortized over the four-year vesting period of the options using the multiple option approach. Stock-based compensation expense of, $3.7 million was recorded in fiscal 2000, $5.4 million was recorded in fiscal 2001, and $1.9 million was recorded in fiscal 2002. See Note 8 of Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements. Net Operating Loss Carryforwards From inception through March 31, 2001, we incurred net losses for federal and state income tax purposes and have not recognized any income tax provision or benefit. As of March 31, 2002, we had $87.1 million of federal and $84.7 million of state net operating loss carryforwards. These net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2012 and 2005 for federal and state purposes, respectively. Given our limited operating history and losses incurred to date, coupled with difficulty in forecasting future results, a full valuation allowance has been recorded. Furthermore, as a result of changes in our equity ownership from our preferred stock offerings and initial public offering, utilization of net operating losses and tax credits may be subject to substantial annual limitations. This is due to the ownership change limitations provided by the Internal Revenue Code and similar state provisions. The degree of any such limitation cannot presently be estimated. To date, we have not performed an evaluation to determine if such a limitation exists, and we may not perform such an evaluation until and unless we are profitable in the future. The annual limitation may result in the expiration of net operating losses and tax credits before utilization. See Note 6 of Notes To Consolidated Financial Statements. Acquisition of Arista Knowledge Systems On July 6, 2000 DigitalThink, Inc. acquired Arista Knowledge Systems, Inc. ("Arista"), a company providing Internet-based learning management systems. DigitalThink issued approximately 746,000 shares of DigitalThink common stock in exchange for outstanding stock, options and warrants of Arista. The total cost of the acquisition, including transaction costs, was approximately $26.3 million. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase business combination; accordingly the results of operations of Arista have been included with the Company's results of operations since July 6, 2000. Of the purchase price, $7.1 million represented purchased in-process technology that was estimated to be 70% complete in its development at the time of acquisition. The in-process technology represented a turnkey solution for education and knowledge distribution systems that had not yet reached 24 technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. Accordingly, this amount was immediately expensed in the consolidated statement of operations upon consummation of the acquisition. The value of intangibles was based upon management's estimates of after tax cash flow. The valuation gave consideration to the following: (i) comprehensive due diligence concerning all potential intangibles; (ii) the value of developed and core technology, ensuring that the relative allocations to core technology and in-process research and development, were consistent with the contribution of final products; (iii) the allocation to in-process research and development was based upon a calculation that only considered the efforts completed as of the date of the transaction, and only cash flows associated with one generation of products currently in-process; and (iv) it was performed by an independent valuation group. A discount rate of 28% was used for the in-process technology. Intangible assets acquired are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of up to four years. Acquisition of LearningByte International Effective August 28, 2001, the Company acquired LearningByte International, Inc. ("LBI"), a provider of custom e-learning courseware, in exchange for an agreement to issue approximately 4.7 million shares of DigitalThink common stock and assume approximately 500,000 warrants outstanding, for a total purchase price of approximately $68 million, including transaction costs. The acquisition of LBI was accounted for by the purchase method; accordingly the results of operations of LBI have been included with the Company's results of operations since the effective date of the acquisition. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at estimated fair values as determined by the Company's management based on information currently available and on current assumptions as to future operations and based on an independent appraisal of the fair value of the acquired intangible assets. Identifiable intangible assets acquired of $6.8 million are being amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 4.6 years. Goodwill will not be amortized in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No.141, Business Combinations. In connection with the LBI acquisition, the Company recorded a charge of $5.8 million comprised of approximately $5.3 million for the write-off of internal use software made obsolete by the acquisition of LBI and $0.5 million for severance-related costs. Acquisition of TCT Technical Training Pvt. Ltd. Effective November 16, 2001, the Company acquired TCT Technical Training Pvt. Ltd. ("TCT"), of Kolkata, India, a content developer of custom courseware. DigitalThink acquired all the outstanding shares of TCT for $500,000 in cash after we received governmental approval in November 2001. TCT has been acting exclusively as a contractor to the Company since April 2001, when the transaction was first announced. Upon acquisition, $215,000 was recorded as an intangible that will be amortized over one year, and $285,000 represented the net fair market value of tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The acquisition of TCT was accounted for by the purchase method. TCT's results of operations have been included in the Company's results of operations since the effective date of the acquisition. Strategic Alliance with Electronic Data Systems Corporation On July 11, 2000 the Company entered into an agreement with EDS pursuant to which EDS was issued two separate performance warrants to purchase shares of DigitalThink common stock. Under the terms of the first warrant, EDS could earn warrants to purchase up to 862,955 shares of DigitalThink common stock exercisable at $29 per share. The warrant could have been earned when EDS delivered third-party customers from the United States prior to July 31, 2003, which generated a total of $50 million of contractually committed revenue to DigitalThink recognizable by July 31, 2005. The warrants expired October 31, 2003. This warrant contained a significant disincentive for non-performance. If EDS failed to deliver the full $50 million of contracted, United States revenue by July 31, 2003, EDS agreed to pay DigitalThink $5 million. Under the terms of the second warrant, EDS could earn warrants for up to 690,364 shares of DigitalThink common stock exercisable at $29 per share. The warrant could have been earned when EDS delivered third-party customers from outside the United States prior to July 31, 2003, which generated a total of $50 million of contractually committed revenue to DigitalThink recognizable by July 31, 2005. The warrants expired October 31, 2003. This warrant contained a significant disincentive for non-performance. If EDS failed to deliver the full $50 million of contracted, non-United States revenue by July 31, 2003, EDS agreed to pay DigitalThink $5 million. 25 The Company calculated a fixed non-cash charge of $38 million related to this transaction, based on the fair value of the warrants issued. A portion of the warrant vested at the date of the transaction resulting in an immediate charge of $4.9 million. Amortization of the remaining warrant expense would occur over three years from July 2000 through July 2003, in proportion to the amount of revenue generated under the agreement, or on a straight-line basis, whichever is faster. Through March 31, 2002, amortization was recorded on a straight-line basis totaling $24.1 million. On March 27, 2002, DigitalThink restructured the agreement entered into with EDS, whereby EDS has surrendered its vested and unvested warrants to purchase shares of DigitalThink common stock and DigitalThink has forgiven the $10 million total non-performance penalty associated with these warrants. Therefore, a charge of approximately $10 million was recorded as a reduction of revenue and a credit of approximately $10 million was recorded as other income. Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets As part of our ongoing review of the Company's operations and financial performance, we performed an assessment of the carrying value of the our long-lived assets to be held for use including goodwill and other intangible assets recorded in connection with our various acquisitions. The assessment was performed pursuant to SFAS 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of. The conclusion of that assessment was that the value of the technology purchased associated with the Arista acquisition was no longer being utilized in current product offerings and was not part of the product roadmap for the future. As a result, we recorded charges of $10.4 million to write off the Arista goodwill during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2002 as it no longer had any recoverable value. In addition, it is likely we may incur additional reductions in goodwill upon adoption of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Strategic Initiative--Restructuring Charge Since the middle of fiscal year 2002, the Company and its industry have experienced a progressive downturn, the primary direct cause of which has been a decrease in new training initiatives and a decrease in expenditures by most Fortune 2000 companies. The Company believes that this decrease can be attributable to, among other things: (a) constrained capital markets; and (b) other factors, including the general economic business slowdown and other higher priority objectives at potential clients. The result has been a decrease in the overall demand for e-learning training. In response, buyers are exhibiting caution when making significant expenditures. Moreover, as the economic slowdown continues, the Company's current customers delayed committed projects to reduce their spending. Consequently, the impact of the slowdown on the Company's business is magnified, as it faces declining sales as the result of its customers' declining business and the resulting adjustment to their spending levels. In March 2002 we initiated a strategic initiative, under which we restructured our business in response to the current market environment and as part of our continuing program to create efficiencies within our operations. We recorded total restructuring charges of $9.8 million as part of our strategic initiative, which included the following: o Reducing our workforce by approximately 80 employees, mainly within the learning services organization, resulting in a $700 thousand severance charge. Approximately $400 thousand was paid in March 2002, and approximately $300 thousand will be paid in the first and second quarters of fiscal 2003. o Consolidating our sales, administrative and content and technology development facilities through building and site closures, from a total of approximately 244,000 square feet into approximately 100,000 square feet. As of March 31, 2002, seven sites have been vacated: San Diego, California; Chislom, Minnesota; Detroit, Michigan; Alameda, California; two facilities in San Francisco, California and our office in the United Kingdom. Property and equipment that was disposed or removed from operations resulted in a charge of $2.3 million and consisted primarily of leasehold improvements, computer equipment and furniture and fixtures. In addition, we incurred a charge of $6.8 million associated with leases related to excess or closed facilities, which represents the excess of the remaining lease obligations over estimated market value, net of anticipated sublease income. Amounts accrued (net of anticipated sublease proceeds) related to the consolidation of facilities will be paid over the respective lease terms through 2016. 26 HISTORICAL RESULTS OF OPERATIONS The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of net revenue represented by certain items in our statement of operations.
Year Ended March 31, --------------------------------------------- 2000 2001 2002 ------------- ------------- ------------- Revenues: Delivered Learning fees (1) .............................. 46.2% 46.5% 47.1% Learning Solution services (1) ........................... 53.8 53.5 52.9 ------ ------ ------ Total revenues ......................................... 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% ------ ------ ------ Costs and expenses: Cost of Delivered Learning fees .......................... 22.3 14.3 15.2 Cost of Learning Solution services ....................... 30.9 29.0 27.5 Content research and development ......................... 37.7 15.8 16.4 Technology research and development ...................... 34.1 30.5 26.1 Selling and marketing .................................... 107.2 59.8 48.9 General and administrative ............................... 21.7 15.6 17.0 Depreciation ............................................. 8.5 8.3 12.2 Amortization of warrants ................................. -- 34.0 25.4 Stock-based compensation ................................. 33.9 14.1 4.4 Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles ........... -- 9.3 16.6 Write-off of in-process research and development ......... -- 18.4 -- Impairment of goodwill ................................... -- -- 24.1 Acquisition related charges .............................. -- -- 13.3 Restructuring charges .................................... -- -- 22.6 ------ ------ ------ Total costs and expenses ............................... 296.3 249.1 269.7 ------ ------ ------ Loss from operations ...................................... (196.3) (149.1) (169.7) Penalty income recognized (1) ............................. -- -- 23.1 Interest and other income ................................. 9.8 13.8 4.4 Net loss .................................................. (186.5)% (135.3)% (142.2)%
- ------------ (1) Reflects the forgiveness of the penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS resulting in a reduction of revenues of $8.8 million and $1.2 million for Delivery Learning fees and Learning Solution services, respectively, and $10 million of penalty income recognized in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002. Comparison of Fiscal 2001 and Fiscal 2002 Revenues Revenues increased from $38.7 million in fiscal 2001 to $43.4 million for fiscal 2002, reflecting the forgiveness of a penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS of approximately $10 million. In fiscal 2002, Delivered Learning fees represented 47% of revenues and Learning Solution services represented 53% of revenues. This is compared to fiscal 2001, during which Delivered Learning fees represented 47% of revenues and Learning Solution services represented 53% of revenues. Delivered Learning Fees Delivered Learning fees increased from $18.0 million in fiscal 2001 to $20.4 million in fiscal 2002, reflecting the forgiveness of a penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS of approximately $8.8 million, as the number of customers increased from 366 to 458, and overall course registration increased. In addition, we also increased the number of catalog courses we offered from 257 to 317 and the number of custom courses from 222 to 459. We expect that the number of courses and customers will continue to increase as our content development projects progress. 27 Learning Solution Services Learning Solution service revenues increased from $20.7 million in fiscal 2001 to $23.0 million in fiscal 2002, reflecting the forgiveness of a penalty associated with the restructuring of our agreement with EDS of approximately $1.2 million, as the number of projects and dollar size of projects increased. We expect that both Delivered Learning fees and Learning Solutions services revenue will continue to account for a similarly significant proportion of our total revenues in the near term. We market our products primarily through our direct sales force in the United States. We also market our products through indirect channels including resellers, consulting firms, customers, co-developers, and Internet portals. Internationally, we have begun developing relationships with third-party integrators and resellers. To date, our international revenues have been less than 5% of total revenue. Costs and Expenses Cost of Delivered Learning Fees Cost of Delivered Learning fees include personnel related costs, maintenance and facility costs required to operate our Web site and to provide interactive tutor support to participants in our courses. Cost of Delivered Learning fees increased from $5.5 million in fiscal 2001 to $6.6 million in fiscal 2002. This increase was attributable to increased personnel on average throughout the year and rental equipment related expenses required for a greater number of courses and an increased number of participants. In addition, a greater number of customers and courses required additional support from tutors to provide timely online responses to participants. Headcount, which excludes third-party tutors related to Cost of Delivered Learning fees, decreased from 36 employees at March 31, 2001 to 29 employees at March 31, 2002. Cost of Learning Solution Services Cost of Learning Solution services consists primarily of personnel related costs and contractor expenses to develop custom and tailored courses for specific customers. Cost of Learning Solution services increased from $11.2 million in fiscal 2001 to $11.9 million in fiscal 2002, due primarily to the need for additional contractors throughout the year to meet demand for the development of custom courses. Headcount decreased from 116 employees at March 31, 2001 to 56 at March 31, 2002. Content Research and Development Content research and development costs are expensed as incurred in accordance with SFAS No. 86, and represent costs to develop catalog courses, including personnel related costs, content acquisition costs and content editing. Content research and development expenses increased from $6.1 million in fiscal 2001 to $7.1 million in fiscal 2002. This increase was due to higher content acquisition fees related to the purchase of additional content and the hiring of additional personnel primarily engaged in catalog course development. Headcount in content research and development increased from 57 employees at March 31, 2001 to 218 employees at March 31, 2002 due to the acquisitions of TCT and LBI during the year. Management believes that continued investment in content development and content acquisition is essential to expand our business. As a result, we expect these expenses to increase in future periods. Technology Research and Development Technology research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs in connection with product development efforts of underlying technology. Technology research and development expenses decreased from $11.8 million in fiscal 2001 to $11.3 million in fiscal 2002. This decrease was due to the reduction in headcount during the year, from 73 employees at March 31, 2001 to 64 employees at March 31, 2002. Selling and Marketing Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, commissions, advertising and other promotional expenses, royalties paid to authors, and travel and entertainment expenses. Selling and marketing expenses decreased from $23.1 million in fiscal 2001 to $21.2 million in fiscal 2002. This decrease reflects the 28 reduction in headcount offset by higher commissions associated with increased revenues. Headcount in sales and marketing decreased from 116 at March 31, 2001 to 58 employees at March 31, 2002. We expect selling and marketing expenses will remain flat as we reevaluate our marketing efforts and review our promotional activities. General and Administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, occupancy costs and professional service fees. General and administrative expenses increased from $6.0 million in fiscal 2001 to $7.4 million in fiscal 2002. This increase was due to an increase in personnel related costs, higher occupancy costs and fees related to professional services. Headcount decreased from 43 employees at March 31, 2001 to 39 employees at March 31, 2002. Amortization of Goodwill and Other Intangibles Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles totaled $3.6 million in fiscal 2001 associated with the acquisition of Arista. Amortization totaled $7.2 million in fiscal 2002 related to amortization of goodwill and other intangibles associated with the acquisition of Arista, and amortization of other intangibles associated with the acquisition of LBI. Amortization of warrants The Company recorded amortization of $13.1 million in fiscal 2001 and $11.0 million in fiscal 2002 in connection with the strategic alliance with EDS and the two separate performance warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock. Goodwill Impairment As part of our ongoing review of the Company's operations and financial performance, we performed an assessment of the carrying value of the our long-lived assets to be held for use including goodwill and other intangible assets recorded in connection with our various acquisitions. The assessment was performed pursuant to SFAS 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of. The conclusion of that assessment was that the value of the technology purchased associated with the Arista acquisition was no longer being used in the current product offerings and was not part of the product roadmap for the future. As a result, we recorded charges of $10.4 million to write off the Arista goodwill during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2002 as it no longer had any recoverable value. Acquisition and Other Related Charges Expenses related to the acquisition of LBI and other related charges totaled $5.8 million in fiscal 2002 and are comprised of approximately $5.3 million for the write-off of internal use software made obsolete by the acquisition, and approximately $500,000 for severance-related costs for redundancies. The write-off of internal use software related to one significant project that was put into service during fiscal 2002 to better enable content development by the Company and clients, but was determined to be obsolete given LBI's technology. Restructuring In March 2002 we initiated a strategic initiative, under which we restructured our business in response to the current market environment and as part of our continuing program to create efficiencies within our operations. We recorded total restructuring charges of $9.8 million as part of our strategic initiative, which included the following: o Reducing our workforce by approximately 80 employees, mainly within the learning services organization, resulting in a $700 thousand severance charge. Approximately $400 thousand was paid in March 2002, and approximately $200 thousand will be paid in the first and second quarters of fiscal 2003. o Consolidating our sales, administrative and content and technology development facilities through building and site closures, from a total of approximately 244,000 square feet into approximately 100,000 square feet. As of March 31, 2002, seven sites have been vacated: San Diego, California; Chislom, Minnesota; Detroit, Michigan; Alameda, California; two facilities in San Francisco, California and our office in the United 29 Kingdom. Property and equipment that was disposed or removed from operations resulted in a charge of $2.3 million and consisted primarily of leasehold improvements, computer equipment and furniture and fixtures. In addition, we incurred a charge of $6.8 million associated with leases related to excess or closed facilities, which represents the excess of the remaining lease obligations over estimated market value, net of anticipated sublease income. Amounts accrued (net of anticipated sublease proceeds) related to the consolidation of facilities will be paid over the respective lease terms through 2016. Write-off of In-Process Research and Development On July 6, 2000 DigitalThink, Inc. acquired Arista. Of the purchase price, $7.1 million represented purchased in-process technology that was estimated to be 70% complete in its development at the time of acquisition. The in-process technology represented a turnkey solution for education and knowledge distribution systems that had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. Accordingly, this amount was immediately expensed in the consolidated statement of operations upon consummation of the acquisition. The value of intangibles was based upon management's estimates of after tax cash flow. The valuation gave consideration to the following: (i) comprehensive due diligence concerning all potential intangibles; (ii) the value of developed and core technology, ensuring that the relative allocations to core technology and in-process research and development, were consistent with the contribution of final products; (iii) the allocation to in-process research and development was based upon a calculation that only considered the efforts completed as of the date of the transaction, and only cash flows associated with one generation of products currently in-process; and (iv) it was performed by an independent valuation group. A discount rate of 28% was used for the in-process technology. Intangible assets acquired will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of up to four years. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense totaled $5.4 million in fiscal 2001 and $1.9 million in fiscal 2002. Penalty Recognized On March 27, 2002, DigitalThink restructured the agreement entered into with EDS, whereby EDS surrendered its vested and unvested warrants to purchase shares of DigitalThink common stock and DigitalThink forgave the $10.0 million total non-performance penalty associated with this agreement. Therefore, a charge of approximately $10 million was recorded as a reduction of revenue and a credit of approximately $10.0 million was recorded as other income. Net Loss The net loss increased from $52.2 million in fiscal 2001 to $61.6 million in fiscal 2002. Comparison of Fiscal 2000 and Fiscal 2001 Revenues Revenues increased from $10.8 million in fiscal 2000 to $38.7 million for fiscal 2001. In fiscal 2001, Delivered Learning fees represented 47% of revenues and Learning Solution services represented 53% of revenues. This is compared to fiscal 2000, during which Delivered Learning fees represented 46% of revenues and Learning Solution services represented 54% of revenues. Delivered Learning Fees Delivered Learning fees increased from $5.0 million in fiscal 2000 to $18.0 million in fiscal 2001 as the number of customers increased from 231 to 366, and overall course registration increased. In addition, we also increased the number of catalog courses we offered from 232 to 257 and the number of custom courses from 132 to 222. Learning Solution Services Learning Solution service revenues increased from $5.8 million in fiscal 2000 to $20.7 million in fiscal 2001 as the number of projects and dollar size of projects increased. 30 Costs and Expenses Cost of Delivered Learning Fees Cost of Delivered Learning fees include personnel related costs, maintenance and facility costs required to operate our Web site and to provide interactive tutor support to participants in our courses. Cost of Delivered Learning fees increased from $2.4 million in fiscal 2000 to $5.5 million in fiscal 2001. This increase was attributable to increased personnel and equipment related expenses required for a greater number of courses and an increased number of participants. In addition, a greater number of customers and courses required additional support from tutors to provide timely online responses to participants. Headcount, which excludes third-party tutors related to cost of Delivered Learning fees, increased from 19 employees at March 31, 2000 to 36 employees at March 31, 2001. Cost of Learning Solution Services Cost of Learning Solution services consists primarily of personnel related costs and contractor expenses to develop custom and tailored courses for specific customers. Cost of Learning Solution services increased from $3.3 million in fiscal 2000 to $11.2 million in fiscal 2001, due primarily to the need for additional headcount to meet demand for the development of custom courses. Headcount increased from 64 employees at March 31, 2000 to 116 at March 31, 2001. Content Research and Development Content research and development expenses represent costs to develop catalog courses, including personnel related costs, content acquisition costs and content editing. Content research and development expenses increased from $4.1 million in fiscal 2000 to $6.1 million in fiscal 2001. This increase was due to higher content acquisition fees related to the purchase of additional content and the hiring of additional personnel primarily engaged in catalog course development. Headcount in content research and development increased from 36 employees at March 31, 2000 to 57 employees at March 31, 2001. Content research and development expenses are expensed as incurred, except for costs related to localizing a course to a specific country. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Statement No. 86, under which we are required to capitalize software development costs after technological feasibility has been established. In fiscal 2001, approximately $160,000 in localization costs have been capitalized related to translating courses in different languages. Technology Research and Development Technology research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs in connection with product development efforts of underlying technology. Technology research and development expenses increased from $3.7 million in fiscal 2000 to $11.8 million in fiscal 2001. This increase was due to the hiring of additional technology research and development employees and the acquisition of Arista. Headcount increased from 39 employees at March 31, 2000 to 73 employees at March 31, 2001. Software development costs are accounted for in accordance with the FASB Statement No. 86, under which we are required to capitalize software development costs after technological feasibility has been established. In fiscal 2001, approximately $4.9 million in development costs have been capitalized related to a new delivery platform, where technological feasibility has been reached. Selling and Marketing Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, commissions, advertising and other promotional expenses, royalties paid to authors, and travel and entertainment expenses. Selling and marketing expenses increased from $11.6 million in fiscal 2000 to $23.1 million in fiscal 2001. This increase reflects the costs associated with the hiring of additional personnel and increased promotional activities. Headcount in sales and marketing increased from 57 at March 31, 2000 to 116 employees at March 31, 2001. 31 General and Administrative General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, occupancy costs and professional service fees. General and administrative expenses increased from $2.3 million in fiscal 2000 to $6.0 million in fiscal 2001. This increase was due to an increase in personnel related costs, higher occupancy costs and fees related to professional services. Headcount increased from 20 employees at March 31, 2000 to 43 employees at March 31, 2001. Amortization of Goodwill and Other Intangibles Amortization totaled $3.6 million in fiscal 2001 associated with the acquisition of Arista. No amortization was recorded in fiscal 2000. Amortization of warrants The Company recorded amortization in fiscal 2001 of $13.1 million in connection with the strategic alliance with EDS and the two separate performance warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock. No amortization was recorded in fiscal 2000. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense totaled $3.7 million in fiscal 2000 and $5.4 million in fiscal 2001. Net Loss The net loss increased from $20.2 million in fiscal 2000 to $52.2 million in fiscal 2001. Quarterly Results of Operations The following table sets forth unaudited quarterly consolidated statement of operations data for each of the eight most recent quarters. In our opinion, this information has been prepared on the same basis as the audited financial statements contained in this report and includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, we consider necessary for fair presentation in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. This information should be read in conjunction with our annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this report. Our operating results for any three-month period are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period.
June 30, September 30, December 31, March 31, 2000 2000 2000 2001 ---------- --------------- -------------- ----------- Revenues: Delivered Learning fees (1) ................. $2,395 $3,322 $ 5,460 $ 6,801 Learning Solution services (1) ............. 3,867 5,438 5,327 6,048 ------ ------ ------- ------- Total revenues ............ 6,262 8,760 10,787 12,849 Costs and expenses: Cost of Delivered Learning fees ............ 1,012 1,331 1,521 1,645 Cost of Learning Solution services ........ 2,281 2,932 2,981 3,017 Content research and development .............. 2,820 1,125 1,062 1,085 Technology research and development .......... 2,142 2,778 3,435 3,436 Selling and marketing ..... 3,921 5,736 6,585 6,863 General and administrative ........... 1,174 1,498 1,558 1,816 Depreciation .............. 562 771 922 935 Amortization of warrants ................. -- 7,629 2,751 2,751 Stock-based compensation ............. 1,549 1,656 1,182 1,045 June 30, September 30, December 31, March 31, 2001 2001 2001 2002 ---------- --------------- -------------- ------------ Revenues: Delivered Learning fees (1) ................. $ 7,778 $ 8,239 $ 7,397 $ (3,013) Learning Solution services (1) ............. 7,232 7,045 6,410 2,268 ------- ------- ------- -------- Total revenues ............ 15,010 15,284 13,807 (745) Costs and expenses: Cost of Delivered Learning fees ............ 1,795 1,775 1,567 1,482 Cost of Learning Solution services ........ 3,363 3,375 3,023 2,173 Content research and development .............. 1,382 1,919 1,862 1,931 Technology research and development .......... 3,246 3,153 2,603 2,316 Selling and marketing ..... 7,210 5,390 4,676 3,932 General and administrative ........... 1,758 1,790 1,604 2,203 Depreciation .............. 1,067 1,443 1,308 1,456 Amortization of warrants ................. 2,751 2,751 2,751 2,750 Stock-based compensation ............. 628 541 469 250
32
June 30, September 30, December 31, March 31, 2000 2000 2000 2001 ------------ --------------- -------------- ----------- Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles .............. -- 1,201 1,201 1,200 Write-off of in-process research and development .............. -- 7,118 -- -- Impairment of goodwill -- -- -- -- Acquisition and other related charges .......... -- -- -- -- Restructuring charge ...... -- -- -- -- -- ----- ----- ----- Total costs and expenses ................. 15,461 33,775 23,198 23,793 ------ ------ ------ ------ Interest and other income ................... 1,549 1,434 1,317 1,044 Penalty income recognized (1) ........... -- -- -- -- ------ ------ ------ ------ Net loss .................. $ (7,650) $ (23,581) $ (11,094) $ (9,900) ======== ========= ========= ======== June 30, September 30, December 31, March 31, 2001 2001 2001 2002 ------------ --------------- -------------- ------------- Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles .............. 1,201 1,794 2,114 2,099 Write-off of in-process research and development .............. -- -- -- -- Impairment of goodwill -- -- -- 10,437 Acquisition and other related charges .......... -- 5,792 -- -- Restructuring charge ...... -- -- -- 9,778 ----- ----- ----- ------ Total costs and expenses ................. 24,401 29,723 21,977 40,807 ------ ------ ------ ------ Interest and other income ................... 829 578 324 180 Penalty income recognized (1) ........... -- -- -- 10,000 ------ ------ ------ ------ Net loss .................. $ (8,562) $ (13,861) $ (7,846) $ (31,372) ======== ========= ======== =========
- ------------ (1) Reflects the forgiveness of the penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS resulting in a reduction of revenues of $8.8 million and $1.2 million for Delivery Learning fees and Learning Solution services, respectively, and $10 million of penalty income recognized in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002. Critical Accounting Policies Management has evaluated the accounting policies used in the preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes and believes those policies to be reasonable and appropriate. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We believe that the following accounting policies are both important to the portrayal of the company's financial condition and results and requires management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Revenue Recognition. The Company has two types of revenue: Delivered Learning fees and Learning Solution services. Delivered Learning fees allow access to training systems, courses hosted by the Company, tutor support, and other learning materials for a fixed period, typically six months. Delivered Learning fees are recognized ratably over this access period. Learning Solution services revenue consists of revenue from fixed-price contracts, which require the accurate estimation of the value, scope and duration of each course hour. Revenue for these projects is recognized on percentage of completion, in accordance with AICPA Statement of Position (SOP) 81-1, Accounting for Performance of Construction/Production-Type Contracts, as development progresses based on the percentage of completion method. The percentage of completion is based on the ratio of actual custom development or service costs incurred to date, to total estimated costs to complete the custom course or service. Provisions for estimated losses on incomplete contracts are made on a contract by contract basis and recognized in the period in which such losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. If the Company does not accurately estimate the resources required or the scope of work to be performed, or does not manage its projects properly within the planned periods of time or satisfy its obligations under the contracts, then future learning services margins may be significantly and negatively affected or losses on existing contracts may need to be recognized. Any such resulting reductions in margins or contract losses could be material to the Company's results of operations. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to make required payments. We review, with assistance from our sales team, the ability of our customers to pay the indebtedness. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts for all specific receivables that we judge to be unlikely of collection. In addition, we record an estimated reserve based on the size and age of all receivable balances against which we have not established a specific reserves. These estimated allowances are periodically reviewed, analyzing the customer's payment history and information regarding customer's credit worthiness known to us. If the financial condition of the Company's customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. 33 Goodwill and Other Acquired Intangibles. Our business acquisitions typically result in goodwill and other intangible assets, which affect the amount of future period amortization expense and possible impairment expense that we will incur. The determination of the value of such intangible assets requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our consolidated financial statements. In assessing the recoverability of the Company's goodwill and other intangibles, the Company must make assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows and other factors to determine the fair value of the respective assets. If these estimates or their related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment charges for these assets not previously recorded. Effective April 1, 2002 the Company will adopt SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, and will be required to analyze its goodwill for impairment issues during the first six months of fiscal 2003, and then on a periodic basis thereafter. It is likely we may incur additional reductions in goodwill upon adoption of SFAS No. 142. During the year ended March 31, 2002, the Company recorded an impairment loss related to goodwill of $10.4 million associated with the Arista acquisition. Operating Leases. We have many operating lease agreements related to our office buildings throughout the United States, the United Kingdom and India. The agreements qualify for operating lease accounting treatment under SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases, and, as such, the assets are not included on our balance sheet. We believe we will be able to meet our obligations under the agreements, but if we default on our commitments and are unable to remedy the default quickly enough, the lessors may terminate all remaining commitments and demand payment equal to the lessor's net present value of all future lease payments. If we default on the leases and are required to make payment, this will decrease our cash available for working capital and could require us to find alternate facilities on terms that may not be as favorable as the current arrangement. As of March 31, 2002, we were in compliance with all covenants. For further information on these leases, please refer to our "Commitments" section under "Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Note 12 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We have chosen to account for our common stock incentive awards under the intrinsic value method, in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25. This accounting policy is applied consistently for all years presented. Our operating results would have been affected if other alternatives were used. Information about the impact on our operating results of using APB Opinion No. 25 is included in Note 8 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Liquidity and Capital Resources Through February 25, 2000, we historically satisfied our cash requirements primarily through private placements of equity securities, raising since inception a total of $45.1 million. On February 25, 2000, we completed our initial public offering and concurrent private placements raising a total of $78.7 million, net of expenses. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. As of March 31, 2002, we had cash and cash equivalents of $29.5 million compared to $30.5 million on March 31, 2001. In addition, on March 31, 2002 we had investments in marketable securities of $1.6 million, compared to $33.5 million on March 31, 2001. Net cash used in operating activities totaled $10.5 million for fiscal 2000, $20.2 million for fiscal 2001, and $19.0 million for fiscal 2002. Cash used in operating activities resulted from net operating losses in each of the periods and changes in operating assets and liabilities. To date, we have met our operating expense requirements primarily from the proceeds of our equity offerings. Deferred revenue decreased from $11.5 million at March 31, 2001 to $7.0 million at March 31, 2002. Deferred revenue results from customer prepayments of Delivered Learning fees and Learning Solutions services. In both cases, prepayments remain in deferred revenue until revenue recognition criteria have been met. Net cash used in investing activities totaled $49.4 million in fiscal 2000, $5.8 million in fiscal 2001, and net cash provided by investing activities totaled $17.1 in fiscal 2002. The source of cash resulted from the sales of marketable securities offset by the acquisition of capital assets, including hardware for our Web site, computer and office equipment, and platform development costs, and purchases of marketable securities. Cash provided by financing activities totaled $105.3 million in fiscal 2000, $1.7 million in fiscal 2001, and $1.2 in fiscal 2002. The sources in fiscal 2000 were attributable to both the issuance of preferred stock in November 1999 and our initial public offering and private placement in February 2000. The sources in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2002 were the proceeds received from issuance of common stock through the exercise of options and the employee stock purchase plan. 34 In December 2001 we entered into a $5 million line of credit agreement, expiring in December 2002, and had available $2.8 million from this line of credit as of March 31, 2002. Subsequent to March 31, 2002, the balance on the line of credit of $2.2 million was repaid. The company leases its facilities and certain equipment and furniture under operating lease agreements that expire at various dates through fiscal 2007 and thereafter. Future lease payments under the operating lease agreements are approximately as follows:
Fiscal Year Ending March 31, (000's) 2003 .......................... $7,196 2004 .......................... 6,677 2005 .......................... 6,554 2006 .......................... 6,710 2007 .......................... 6,722 Thereafter .................... 27,585 ------ Total ......................... $61,444 =======
We believe our existing cash resources and available borrowings are sufficient to finance our presently anticipated operating expenses and working capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. Our future liquidity and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors. The rate of expansion of our operations in response to potential growth opportunities and competitive pressures will affect our capital requirements as will funding of continued net losses and substantial negative cash flows. Additionally, we may need additional capital to fund acquisitions of complementary businesses, products, and technologies. Our forecast of the period of time through which our financial resources will be adequate to support operations is a forward-looking statement that involves risks and uncertainties. Actual resources sought may differ materially. We may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or secure a larger bank line of credit. The sale of additional equity or debt securities could result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Currently, we have no other immediately available sources of liquidity. Additional financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. SFAS No. 133 establishes a new model for accounting for derivatives and hedging activities and supercedes and amends a number of existing accounting standards. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet at their fair market value and the corresponding derivative gains or losses be either reported in the statement of operations or as a deferred item depending on the type of hedge relationship that exists with respect of such derivatives. In July 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS No. 137 deferred the effective date until years beginning after June 30, 2000. In June 2000, the FASB issued SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS No. 138 amends the accounting and reporting standards for certain derivatives and hedging activities such as net settlement contracts, foreign currency transactions and intercompany derivatives. The Company has adopted SFAS No. 133 in its quarter ending June 30, 2001. To date, the Company has not engaged in derivative or hedging activities, and accordingly, the adoption of SFAS No. 133 had no impact on the financial statements. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations and SFAS No.142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS No. 141 requires that all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 be accounted for under the purchase method and addresses the initial recognition and measurement of goodwill and other intangible assets acquired in a business combination. SFAS No. 142 addresses the initial recognition and measurement of intangible assets acquired outside of a business combination and the accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition. SFAS No. 142 provides that intangible assets with finite useful lives be amortized and that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives will not be amortized, but will rather be tested at least annually for impairment. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 142 for its fiscal year beginning April 1, 2002. During the first half of fiscal year 2003, we will perform the first of the required impairment tests 35 of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of April 1, 2002. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS 142 on our financial position and results of operations. In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. SFAS No. 143 requires businesses to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, an entity either settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. We are required to adopt SFAS No. 143 for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2003. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS No. 143 on our financial position and results of operations. In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets which supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of and APB No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations--Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions. SFAS No. 144 also amends Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements. SFAS 144 requires that long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale be measured at the lower of book value or fair value less cost to sell. The statement also significantly changes the criteria required to classify an asset as held-for-sale. Additionally, SFAS 144 expands the scope of discontinued operations to include all components of an entity with operations that (1) can be distinguished from the rest of the entity and (2) will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity in a disposal transaction. We are required to adopt SFAS 144 for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2002. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS 144 on our financial position and results of operations. Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk Market Risk The following discusses our exposure to market risk related to changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could vary materially as a result of a number of factors. Interest Rate Risk As of March 31, 2002, we had cash and cash equivalents of $29.5 million, consisting of cash and highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase. Additionally the Company had marketable securities, classified as available for sale, with maturities greater than three months totaling $1.6 million. These investments may be subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market rates increase. A hypothetical increase or decrease in market interest rates of 10% from the market rates in effect at March 31, 2002 would cause the fair value of these investments to change by an immaterial amount. Declines in interest rates over time would result in lower interest income. Foreign Currency and Exchange Rate Risk Almost all of our revenues recognized to date have been denominated in U.S. dollars and are primarily from the United States. However, a portion of our future revenue may be derived from international customers. Revenues from these customers may be denominated in the local currency of the applicable countries. As a result, our operating results could become subject to significant foreign currency fluctuations based upon changes in exchange rates in relation to the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, as we engage in business outside the United States, changes in exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar could make us less competitive in international markets. Although we will continue to monitor our foreign currency exposure, and may use financial instruments to limit this exposure, there can be no assurance that exchange rate fluctuations will not have a materially negative impact on our business. 36 Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Page ----- Independent Auditors' Report ............................................................. 38 Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2001 and 2002 ................................ 39 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 .. 40 Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 ................................................................... 41 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 .. 42 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements ............................................... 43
37 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT The Board of Directors and Stockholders DigitalThink, Inc. We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of DigitalThink, Inc. and subsidiaries as of March 31, 2001 and 2002, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity (deficit), and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2002. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of DigitalThink, Inc. and subsidiaries at March 31, 2001 and 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2002 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California April 23, 2002 38 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except per share data)
As of March 31, ----------------------------- 2001 2002 -------------- ------------ ASSETS Current assets: Cash and cash equivalents ................................................... $ 30,512 $ 29,470 Marketable securities ....................................................... 33,526 1,640 Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $247 and $484, respectively .............................................................. 9,027 5,779 Prepaid expenses and other current assets ................................... 4,118 1,675 --------- ---------- Total current assets ..................................................... 77,183 38,564 Restricted cash and deposits ................................................. 3,833 4,083 Property and equipment, net .................................................. 15,061 18,325 Goodwill and other intangible assets ......................................... 15,610 75,300 --------- ---------- Total assets ............................................................. $111,687 $ 136,272 ========= ========== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities: Accounts payable ............................................................ $ 4,471 $ 3,569 Accrued liabilities ......................................................... 6,524 13,238 Borrowings under line of credit ............................................. -- 2,577 Deferred revenues ........................................................... 11,548 7,043 --------- ---------- Total current liabilities ................................................ 22,543 26,427 Long-term liabilities ........................................................ 17 119 Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) Stockholders' equity: Common stock -- $0.001 per share value; 250,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 34,999 in 2001 and 40,452 in 2002 .................. 187,583 267,814 Deferred stock compensation .................................................. (3,099) (631) Stockholders' notes receivable ............................................... (9) -- Accumulated other comprehensive income ....................................... 204 (264) Accumulated deficit .......................................................... (95,552) (157,193) ---------- ---------- Total stockholders' equity ................................................... 89,127 109,726 ---------- ---------- Total liabilities and stockholders' equity ................................... $111,687 $ 136,272 ========== ==========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 39 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share data)
Year Ended March 31, ------------------------------------------ 2000 2001 2002 ------------ ------------ ------------ Revenues: Delivered Learning fees ....................................... $ 4,994 $ 17,978 $ 20,401 Learning Solution services .................................... 5,821 20,680 22,955 --------- --------- --------- Total revenues ............................................. 10,815 38,658 43,356 --------- --------- --------- Costs and expenses: Cost of Delivered Learning fees ............................... 2,409 5,509 6,619 Cost of Learning Solution services ............................ 3,337 11,211 11,934 Content research and development .............................. 4,082 6,092 7,094 Technology research and development ........................... 3,687 11,791 11,318 Selling and marketing ......................................... 11,596 23,105 21,208 General and administrative .................................... 2,342 6,046 7,355 Depreciation .................................................. 915 3,190 5,274 Amortization of warrants ...................................... -- 13,131 11,003 Stock-based compensation* ..................................... 3,663 5,432 1,888 Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles ................ -- 3,602 7,208 Write-off of in-process research and development .............. -- 7,118 -- Impairment of goodwill ........................................ -- -- 10,437 Acquisition related charges ................................... -- -- 5,792 Restructuring charge .......................................... -- -- 9,778 --------- --------- --------- Total costs and expenses ................................... 32,031 96,227 116,908 --------- --------- --------- Loss from operations ........................................... (21,216) (57,569) (73,552) Penalty income recognized (Note 13) ............................ -- -- 10,000 Interest and other income ...................................... 1,055 5,344 1,911 --------- --------- --------- Net loss ....................................................... (20,161) $ (52,225) $ (61,641) ========= ========= ========= Accretion of redeemable convertible preferred stock ............ $ 7,593 $ -- $ -- --------- --------- --------- Loss attributable to common stockholders ....................... (27,754) $ (52,225) $ (61,641) --------- --------- --------- Basic and diluted loss per common share ........................ $ (3.87) $ (1.51) $ (1.61) --------- --------- --------- Shares used in basic and diluted loss per common share ......... 7,164 34,524 38,176 --------- --------- --------- Pro forma basic and diluted loss per common share .............. $ (1.09) $ (1.51) $ (1.61) ========= ========= ========= Shares used in pro forma basic and diluted net loss per common share .................................................. 25,412 34,524 38,176 ========= ========= ========= (*) Stock-based compensation: Cost of Delivered Learning fees .............................. $ 143 $ 121 $ 28 Cost of Learning Solution services ........................... 318 500 165 Content research and development ............................. 72 76 34 Technology research and development .......................... 473 1,329 555 Selling and marketing ........................................ 1,042 1,391 451 General and administrative ................................... 1,615 2,015 655 --------- --------- --------- Total ...................................................... $ 3,663 $ 5,432 $ 1,888 ========= ========= =========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 40 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) Years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 (in thousands)
Common stock ---------------------- Deferred Stock Shares Amount Compensation --------- ------------ ---------------- Balances, March 31, 1999 .................... $ 4,131 $ 400 $ (332) Components of comprehensive income: ......... Net loss ................................... -- -- -- Total comprehensive income ............... Exercise of stock options .................. 707 506 -- Accretion for redemption value on Series A, B, C and D preferred stock ...... -- -- -- Conversion of preferred stock to common stock .............................. 22,815 58,242 -- Common stock issued for cash in initial public offering and concurrent private placement, net of issuance costs ......................... 6,135 78,728 -- Deferred stock compensation ................ -- 11,284 (11,284) Amortization of deferred stock compensation .............................. -- -- 3,663 ------- -------- --------- Balances, March 31, 2000 .................... 33,788 149,160 (7,953) Components of comprehensive income: Net loss ................................... -- -- -- Change in unrealized gain on available- for-sale investments ...................... -- -- -- Translation adjustment ..................... -- -- -- Total comprehensive income ............... Exercise of stock options .................. 525 480 -- Employee stock purchase plan ............... 100 1,187 -- Stockholders' notes receivable ............. -- -- -- Forfeited and unvested options ............. -- (974) 974 Amortization of deferred stock compensation .............................. -- -- 5,432 Amortization of warrants ................... -- 13,131 -- Issuance of common stock and assumption of stock options in connection with acquisition ............... 586 24,599 (1,552) ------- -------- --------- Balances, March 31, 2001 .................... 34,999 $187,583 $ (3,099) Components of comprehensive income: Net loss ................................... -- -- -- Change in unrealized gain on available- for-sale investments ...................... -- -- -- Translation adjustment ..................... -- -- -- Total comprehensive income ............... Exercise of stock options and warrants ..... 516 993 -- Employee stock purchase plan ............... 228 1,629 -- Repayment of stockholders' notes receivable ................................ -- -- -- Forfeited and unvested options ............. -- (580) 580 Amortization of deferred stock compensation .............................. -- -- 1,888 Amortization of warrants ................... -- 11,003 -- Issuance of common stock and assumption of warrants in connection with acquisition .......................... 4,709 67,186 -- ------- -------- --------- Balances, March 31, 2002 .................... 40,452 $267,814 $ (631) ======= ======== ========= Accumulated Other Stockholders' Comprehensive Accumulated Notes Receivable Income Deficit Total ------------------ --------------- -------------- --------------- Balances, March 31, 1999 .................... $-- $ -- $ (15,573) $(15,505) Components of comprehensive income: ......... Net loss ................................... -- -- (20,161) (20,161) -------- Total comprehensive income ............... (20,161) -------- Exercise of stock options .................. -- -- -- 506 Accretion for redemption value on Series A, B, C and D preferred stock ...... -- -- (7,593) (7,593) Conversion of preferred stock to common stock .............................. -- -- -- 58,242 Common stock issued for cash in initial public offering and concurrent private placement, net of issuance costs ......................... -- -- -- 78,728 Deferred stock compensation ................ -- -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation .............................. -- -- -- 3,663 --- ------ ---------- -------- Balances, March 31, 2000 .................... -- -- (43,327) 97,880 Components of comprehensive income: Net loss ................................... -- -- (52,225) (52,225) Change in unrealized gain on available- for-sale investments ...................... -- 177 -- 177 Translation adjustment ..................... -- 27 -- 27 -------- Total comprehensive income ............... (52,021) -------- Exercise of stock options .................. -- -- -- 480 Employee stock purchase plan ............... -- -- -- 1,187 Stockholders' notes receivable ............. (9) -- -- (9) Forfeited and unvested options ............. -- -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation .............................. -- -- -- 5,432 Amortization of warrants ................... -- -- -- 13,131 Issuance of common stock and assumption of stock options in connection with acquisition ............... -- -- -- 23,047 ----- ------ ---------- ---------- Balances, March 31, 2001 .................... $(9) $ 204 $ (95,552) $ 89,127 Components of comprehensive income: Net loss ................................... -- -- (61,641) (61,641) Change in unrealized gain on available- for-sale investments ...................... -- (165) -- (165) Translation adjustment ..................... -- (303) -- (303) ---------- Total comprehensive income ............... (62,109) ---------- Exercise of stock options and warrants ..... -- -- -- 993 Employee stock purchase plan ............... -- -- -- 1,629 Repayment of stockholders' notes receivable ................................ 9 -- -- 9 Forfeited and unvested options ............. -- -- -- -- Amortization of deferred stock compensation .............................. -- -- -- 1,888 Amortization of warrants ................... -- -- -- 11,003 Issuance of common stock and assumption of warrants in connection with acquisition .......................... -- -- -- 67,186 ----- ------ ---------- ---------- Balances, March 31, 2002 .................... $-- $ (264) $ (157,193) $109,726 ===== ====== ========== ==========
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 41 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands)
Year Ended March 31, --------------------------------------------- 2000 2001 2002 ------------- ------------- ------------- Cash flows from operating activities: Net loss ............................................................ $ (20,161) $ (52,225) $ (61,641) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: ............................................. Depreciation ...................................................... 915 3,190 5,274 Amortization of deferred stock compensation ....................... 3,663 5,432 1,888 Amortization of warrants .......................................... -- 13,131 11,003 Amortization of goodwill and other intangibles .................... -- 3,602 7,208 Impairment of goodwill ............................................ -- -- 10,437 Restructuring charges ............................................. -- -- 2,333 Acquisition related charges ....................................... -- -- 5,328 Write-off of in-process research and development .................. -- 7,118 -- Changes in assets and liabilities: ................................ Accounts receivable .............................................. (4,207) (3,705) 4,078 Prepaid expenses and other current assets ........................ (758) (1,705) 2,427 Accounts payable ................................................. 1,868 1,868 (2,433) Accrued liabilities .............................................. 2,307 652 1,397 Deferred revenues ................................................ 5,869 4,456 (6,294) --------- --------- --------- Net cash used in operating activities .......................... (10,504) (18,186) (18,995) --------- --------- --------- Cash flows from investing activities: ................................ Restricted cash ..................................................... -- (2,033) (250) Purchases of property and equipment ................................. (5,781) (12,404) (14,402) Net cash paid in acquisition ........................................ -- (1,732) (169) Purchases of marketable securities .................................. (43,644) (52,799) (17,300) Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities ................... -- 61,117 49,186 Other assets ........................................................ 27 -- 9 --------- --------- --------- Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ............ (49,398) (7,851) 17,074 --------- --------- --------- Cash flows from financing activities: ................................ Proceeds from sale of preferred stock ............................... 26,067 -- -- Payments of notes payable ........................................... -- -- (1,440) Proceeds from sale of common stock .................................. 79,234 1,668 2,622 --------- --------- --------- Net cash provided by financing activities ...................... 105,301 1,668 1,182 --------- --------- --------- Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents ......... -- 27 (303) Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents .................. 45,399 (24,342) (1,042) Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year ......................... 9,455 54,854 30,512 --------- --------- --------- Cash and cash equivalents, end of year ............................... $ 54,854 $ 30,512 $ 29,470 ========= ========= ========= Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: Cash paid for interest .............................................. $ -- $ -- $ 41 Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financing activities: Unrealized gain/(loss) on marketable securities ..................... $ -- $ 177 $ (165)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements. 42 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization DigitalThink, Inc. (the "Company"), was incorporated in California on April 22, 1996 to provide Web-based training courses and training delivery technology. The Company completed the development of its delivery technology and initial content, and began substantial sales and marketing efforts in fiscal year 1998. In November 1999, the Company reincorporated in Delaware. Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of DigitalThink Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accounts denominated in foreign currencies have been translated using the U.S. dollar as the functional currency. Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as of the dates and for the periods presented. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid debt instruments purchased with a remaining maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Marketable Securities At March 31, 2002 all short-term marketable securities were due in one year or less and consisted of the following (in thousands):
Gross Gross Estimated Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value --------- ------------------ ------------------- ----------- Short-Term Investments Government agencies ......... $1,652 $-- $ (12) $1,640
At March 31, 2001 all short-term marketable securities were due in one year or less and consisted of the following (in thousands):
Gross Gross Estimated Cost Unrealized Gains Unrealized Losses Fair Value ---------- ------------------ ------------------- ----------- Short-Term Investments Commercial paper ............ $18,015 $ 47 $-- $18,062 Government agencies ......... 15,334 130 -- 15,464 ------- ---- --- ------- $33,349 $177 $-- $33,526 ======= ==== === =======
The Company classifies these investments as available for sale. Unrealized gains or losses are included in a separate component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses are computed based on the specific determination method and were not material during any of the periods presented. Restricted Cash and Deposits Restricted cash and deposits represent deposits held as collateral relating to operating leases and letters of credit. 43 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -- (Continued) Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments potentially subjecting the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, short term investments and accounts receivable. The Company invests its excess cash in deposits with major banks, in U.S. Treasury and U.S. agency obligations and in debt securities of corporations with strong credit ratings. No losses have been experienced on such investments. Accounts receivable are unsecured, and the Company is at risk to the extent that such amounts become uncollectible. The Company closely monitors its outstanding receivable balances on an on-going basis. At March 31, 2001, one account represented 21% of gross accounts receivable, although less than 30 days outstanding. At March 31, 2002, one account represented 23% of gross accounts receivable, although less than 30 days outstanding. In fiscal 2000, one customer accounted for 32% of total revenues. In fiscal 2001, one customer accounted for 10% of total revenues. In fiscal 2002, our largest customer, EDS, accounted for 8.8% and another customer accounted for 15.5% of our total revenues of $43.4 million, or 25.9% and 12.6%, respectively, when excluding the forgiveness of a $10 million penalty associated with the restructuring of an agreement with EDS. Property and Equipment Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of three to four years. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives or the remaining lease terms. Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of that asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when the sum of the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. Goodwill Goodwill is recorded when the consideration paid for acquisitions exceeds the estimated fair value of identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Goodwill related to acquisitions occurring prior to July 1, 2001 and other acquisition-related intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis up to four years. Goodwill and other acquisition-related intangibles are reviewed for recoverability periodically or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. As part of our ongoing review of the Company's operations and financial performance, we performed an assessment of the carrying value of the our long-lived assets to be held for use including goodwill and other intangible assets recorded in connection with our various acquisitions. The assessment was performed pursuant to SFAS 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of. The conclusion of that assessment was that the value of the technology purchased associated with the Arista acquisition was no longer being used in the current product offerings and was not part of the product roadmap for the future. As a result, we recorded charges of $10.4 million to write off the Arista goodwill during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2002 as it no longer had any recoverable value. Revenue Recognition Delivered learning fees allow access to training systems, courses hosted by the Company, tutor support, and other learning materials for a fixed period, typically six months. Delivered Learning fees are recognized ratably over this access period. Revenues for Learning Solution services (custom course development or consulting services) are recognized as earned in accordance with Statement of Position (SOP) 81-1, Accounting for Performance of Construction/Production-Type Contracts, as development progresses based on the percentage of 44 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -- (Continued) completion method. The percentage of completion is based on the ratio of actual custom development or service costs incurred to date, to total estimated costs to complete the custom course or service. Provisions for estimated losses on incomplete contracts will be made on a contract by contract basis and recognized in the period in which such losses become probable and can be reasonably estimated. To date, there have been no such losses. Custom contracts typically call for non-refundable payments due upon achievement of certain milestones in production of the courses or in consulting services. Deferred revenues represent customer prepayments for both Delivered Learning fees and Learning Solution services. Content research and development Expenses charged to operations as incurred include course development personnel related costs. Course development expenses and subject matter expert payments to course authors are expensed as incurred, in accordance with SFAS No. 86, as the recoverability of such costs against future revenues is uncertain. Technology research and development Expenses are charged to operations as incurred. Such expenses include Web site development costs. Web site development costs which meet the capitalization criteria of SOP 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use are capitalized and amortized over the useful economic life. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach. Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for future taxable amounts and deferred tax assets are recognized for future deductions and operating loss carryforwards, net of a valuation allowance to reduce net deferred tax assets to amounts that are more likely than not to be realized. Stock-Based Awards The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees under its stock option plan and employee stock purchase plan as noncompensatory in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. Translation of Foreign Currency The Company's foreign operations are measured using local currencies as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end rates of exchange, and results of operations are translated at average rates for the year. Loss per Common Share Basic loss per common share excludes dilution and is computed by dividing loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per common share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. Common share equivalents are excluded from the computation in loss periods as their effect would be anti-dilutive. Pro Forma Net Loss per Common Share Pro forma basic and diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period and the weighted average number of common shares resulting from the assumed conversion of outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock. 45 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -- (Continued) Recently Issued Accounting Standards In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. SFAS No. 133 establishes a new model for accounting for derivatives and hedging activities and supercedes and amends a number of existing accounting standards. SFAS No. 133 requires that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet at their fair market value and the corresponding derivative gains or losses be either reported in the statement of operations or as a deferred item depending on the type of hedge relationship that exists with respect of such derivatives. In July 1999, the FASB issued SFAS No. 137, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS No. 137 deferred the effective date until years beginning after June 30, 2000. In June 2000, the FASB issued SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities--An Amendment of FASB Statement No. 133. SFAS No. 138 amends the accounting and reporting standards for certain derivatives and hedging activities such as net settlement contracts, foreign currency transactions and intercompany derivatives. The Company has adopted SFAS No. 133 in its quarter ending June 30, 2001. To date, the Company has not engaged in derivative or hedging activities, and accordingly, the adoption of SFAS No. 133 had no impact on the financial statements. In June 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations and SFAS No.142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS No. 141 requires that all business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001 be accounted for under the purchase method and addresses the initial recognition and measurement of goodwill and other intangible assets acquired in a business combination. SFAS No. 142 addresses the initial recognition and measurement of intangible assets acquired outside of a business combination and the accounting for goodwill and other intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition. SFAS No. 142 provides that intangible assets with finite useful lives be amortized and that goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives will not be amortized, but will rather be tested at least annually for impairment. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 142 for its fiscal year beginning April 1, 2002. During the first half of fiscal year 2003, we will perform the first of the required impairment tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets as of April 1, 2002. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS 142 on our financial position and results of operations. In August 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. SFAS No. 143 requires businesses to record the fair value of a liability for an asset retirement obligation in the period in which it is incurred. When the liability is initially recorded, the entity capitalizes a cost by increasing the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. Over time, the liability is accreted to its present value each period, and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. Upon settlement of the liability, an entity either settles the obligation for its recorded amount or incurs a gain or loss upon settlement. We are required to adopt SFAS No. 143 for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2003. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS No. 143 on our financial position and results of operations. In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets which supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of and APB No. 30, Reporting the Results of Operations--Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and Transactions. SFAS No. 144 also amends Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements. SFAS 144 requires that long-lived assets that are to be disposed of by sale be measured at the lower of book value or fair value less cost to sell. The statement also significantly changes the criteria required to classify an asset as held-for-sale. Additionally, SFAS 144 expands the scope of discontinued operations to include all components of an entity with operations that (1) can be distinguished from the rest of the entity and (2) will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the entity in a disposal transaction. We are required to adopt SFAS 144 for our fiscal year beginning April 1, 2002. We are currently assessing the impact, if any, of SFAS 144 on our financial position and results of operations. 46 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies -- (Continued) Comprehensive Income The Company is required to report comprehensive income in the financial statements, in addition to net income. The primary differences between net income and comprehensive income are foreign currency translation adjustments and net unrealized gains or losses on securities available for sale. Reclassification Certain prior year amounts in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. 2. Business Combinations On July 6, 2000 DigitalThink, Inc. acquired Arista Knowledge Systems, Inc. ("Arista"), a company providing Internet-based learning management systems. DigitalThink issued approximately 746,000 shares of DigitalThink common stock in exchange for outstanding stock, options and warrants of Arista. The total cost of the acquisition, including transaction costs, was approximately $26.3 million. The acquisition was accounted for as a purchase business combination; accordingly the results of operations of Arista have been included with the Company's results of operations since July 6, 2000. The purchase price paid for the Arista acquisition was allocated based on the estimated fair values of the net assets acquired as follows (in thousands): In-process research and development ........................ $ 7,118 Acquired technology, workforce intangible and goodwill 19,212 Intrinsic value of unvested Arista options assumed ......... 1,552 Tangible assets acquired ................................... 1,718 Liabilities assumed ........................................ (3,269) -------- Net assets acquired ........................................ $ 26,331 ========
The consideration given in the acquisition of Arista was as follows: DigitalThink common stock ................... $20,523 Stock options assumed ....................... 3,976 Net cash paid ............................... 1,732 Transaction costs ........................... 100 ------- Total purchase price ........................ $26,331 =======
Of the purchase price, $7.1 million represents purchased in-process technology that had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use. Accordingly, this amount was immediately expensed in the consolidated statement of operations upon consummation of the acquisition. The value assigned to purchased in-process technology was based on a valuation prepared by an independent third-party appraiser. Intangible assets acquired will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of four years. The following unaudited pro forma results of operations for the years ended March 31, 2000 and 2001 give effect to the acquisition as if it had occurred at the beginning of fiscal 2000. The pro forma results of operations exclude the $7.1 million of nonrecurring charges that were recorded in conjunction with the acquisition (in thousands, except per share amounts): 47 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 2. Business Combinations -- (Continued)
Years Ended March 31, ------------------------------- 2000 2001 -------------- -------------- Net revenues ................................... $ 10,832 $ 38,658 Loss from operations ........................... $ 26,189 $ 62,061 Net loss ....................................... $ (25,406) $ (58,353) Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to common shareholders ........................... $ (4.61) $ (1.69)
Effective August 28, 2001, the Company acquired LearningByte International, Inc. ("LBI"), a provider of custom e-learning courseware, in exchange for approximately 4.7 million shares of DigitalThink common stock and assume approximately 500,000 warrants outstanding, for a total purchase price of approximately $68 million, including transaction costs, as follow (in thousands): DigitalThink common stock .............. $ 63,656 Warrants assumed at fair value ......... 3,530 Transaction costs ...................... 800 -------- Total purchase price ................... $ 67,986 ========
The acquisition of LBI was accounted for by the purchase method. LBI's results of operations have been included in the Company's results of operations since the effective date of the acquisition. The assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at estimated fair values as determined by the Company's management based on information currently available and on current assumptions as to future operations. The Company obtained an independent appraisal of the fair value of the acquired tangible and identified intangible assets, and their remaining useful lives. The allocation of the purchase price is based on preliminary estimates that are not expected to change materially. Intangible assets acquired will be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 4.6 years. Goodwill will not be amortized in accordance with SFAS 141. A summary of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition follows (in thousands): Acquired technology and customer list .................... $ 6,800 Goodwill ................................................. 70,040 Net fair value of tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed ............................................... (8,854) -------- Net assets acquired ...................................... $ 67,986 ========
The following table reflects the results of operations on a pro forma basis as if the acquisition had been completed on April 1, 2001 and 2000, and does not consider the effects of synergies and cost reduction initiatives directly related to all acquisitions. Therefore, the pro forma financial information is as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
Years Ended March 31, ------------------------------- 2002 2001 -------------- -------------- Net revenues ............................. $ 46,387 $ 32,216 Loss from operations ..................... $ (70,513) $ (58,781) Net loss ................................. $ (70,162) $ (54,476) Basic and diluted loss per share ......... $ (1.75) $ (1.39)
In connection with the LBI acquisition, the Company recorded a charge of $5.8 million comprised of approximately $5.3 million for the write-off of internal use software made obsolete by the acquisition of LBI and $0.5 million for severance-related costs. Effective November 16, 2001, the Company acquired TCT Technical Training Pvt. Ltd. ("TCT"), of Kolkata, India, a content developer of custom courseware. DigitalThink acquired all the outstanding shares of TCT for 48 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 2. Business Combinations -- (Continued) $500,000 after we received governmental approval in November 2001. TCT has been acting exclusively as a contractor to the Company since April 2001, when the transaction was first announced. Upon acquisition, $215,000 was recorded as an intangible to be amortized over one year and $285,000 was the net fair value of tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The acquisition of TCT was accounted for by the purchase method. TCT's results of operations have been included in the Company's results of operations since the effective date of the acquisition. Pro forma financial information in connection with the TCT acquisition has not been provided, as results would not have differed materially from actual reported results. 3. Restructuring Charge (in thousands)
Remaining Charged to Liability Fiscal 2002 Cash Non-Cash Other Balances as of Expense Payments Charges Accounts March 31, 2002 ------------- ---------- ------------- ------------ --------------- Severance ........................ $ 650 $ (440) $ -- $ -- $ 210 Facilities and equipment ......... 2,365 -- (2,333) -- 32 Lease commitments ................ 6,763 -- -- 864 7,627 ------- ------- --------- ---- ------ Total ........................... $ 9,778 $ (440) $ (2,333) $864 $7,869
In March 2002 we initiated a strategic initiative, under which we restructured our business in response to the current market environment and as part of our continuing program to create efficiencies within our operations. We recorded total restructuring charges of $9.8 million as part of our strategic initiative, which included the following: o Reducing our workforce by approximately 80 employees, mainly within the learning services organization, resulting in a $700 thousand severance charge. Approximately $400 thousand was paid in March 2002, and approximately $300 thousand will be paid in the first and second quarters of fiscal 2003. o Consolidating our sales, administrative and content and technology development facilities through building and site closures, from a total of approximately 244,000 square feet into approximately 100,000 square feet. As of March 31, 2002, seven sites have been vacated: San Diego, California; Chislom, Minnesota; Detroit, Michigan; Alameda, California; two facilities in San Francisco, California and our office in the United Kingdom. Property and equipment that was disposed or removed from operations resulted in a charge of $2.3 million and consisted primarily of leasehold improvements, computer equipment and furniture and fixtures. In addition, we incurred a charge of $6.8 million associated with leases related to excess or closed facilities, which represents the excess of the remaining lease obligations over estimated market value, net of anticipated sublease income. Amounts accrued (net of anticipated sublease proceeds) related to the consolidation of facilities will be paid over the respective lease terms through 2016. The Company has been recording deferred rent for those leased facilities that met the criteria in accordance with SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases. Nine leased facilities were included in the restructuring costs and for two of those facilities; the Company had recorded deferred rent of approximately $864 thousand. This amount of deferred rent was a liability as of March 2002 and noted as part of the restructuring liability. 49 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 4. Property and Equipment Property and equipment consist of the following (in thousands):
March 31, ------------------------- 2001 2002 ----------- ----------- Furniture and fixtures ................. $ 671 $ 737 Computer hardware and software ......... 11,587 18,812 Leasehold improvements ................. 2,473 8,337 Assets in progress ..................... 4,879 -- Accumulated depreciation ............... (4,549) (9,561) -------- -------- Property and equipment, net ............ $ 15,061 $ 18,325 ======== ========
5. Accrued Liabilities (in thousands):
March 31, --------------------- 2001 2002 --------- --------- Payroll and related expenses ......... $2,865 $ 1,464 Deferred rent ........................ 531 103 Restructuring charge ................. -- 7,869 Other ................................ 3,128 3,802 ------ ------- Total accrued liabilities ............ $6,524 $13,238 ====== =======
6. Income Taxes: No income taxes were provided for any of the periods presented due to the Company's net losses. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) are comprised of the following (in thousands):
March 31, --------------------------- 2001 2002 ------------ ------------ Deferred tax assets: ........................... Accruals and reserves .......................... $ 617 $ 539 Net operating losses and tax credits carried forward ....................................... 19,189 31,755 Basis difference in fixed assets ............... 400 392 --------- --------- Total gross deferred tax asset before valuation allowance ................................... 20,206 32,686 Valuation allowance ............................ (20,206) (32,686) --------- --------- Net deferred tax asset ......................... $ -- $ -- ========= =========
At March 31, 2002, the Company had available federal and California state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $77.0 million and $74.6 million, respectively, to offset future taxable income. These net operating loss carryforwards begin to expire in 2012 and 2005 for federal and state purposes, respectively. The Company has federal and California state research and development credit carryforwards of $326,000 and $271,000 respectively. The Company also has California state enterprise zone credit carryforwards of $613,000. At March 31, 2002, the Company's wholly owned foreign subsidiaries in the United Kingdom and India had foreign net operation loss carryforwards of approximately $3.0 million to offset future foreign taxable income. At March 31, 2001 and 2002, the net deferred tax assets have been fully reserved due to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of such benefits. Internal Revenue Code Section 382 places a limitation (the "Section 382 Limitation") on the amount of taxable income which can be offset by net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards after a change in control (generally greater 50 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 6. Income Taxes: -- (Continued) than 50% change in ownership) of a loss corporation. California has similar rules. Generally, after a control change, a loss corporation cannot deduct NOL carryforwards in excess of the Section 382 Limitation. Due to these "change in ownership" provisions, utilization of the NOL carryforwards may be subject to an annual limitation regarding their utilization against taxable income in future periods. 7. Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock In July 1996, the Company issued 2,910,000 shares of Series A preferred stock for cash at $0.50 per share. In December 1996, 274,000 shares of Series A preferred stock were issued upon conversion of $137,000 of convertible notes. In June 1997, the Company issued 7,726,668 shares of Series B preferred stock for $0.75 per share. In December 1998 and March 1999, the Company issued 7,824,305 shares of Series C preferred stock for $1.50 per share. In November 1999, the Company issued 3,999,617 shares of Series D preferred stock for $6.50 per share. Beginning in 2001, the shares of each series of preferred stock were redeemable at the option of the holders of a majority of the outstanding preferred shares of that series, provided that the Company had not completed a public offering meeting certain criteria. The redemption price of Series A preferred stock was $0.50 per share plus a 25% compound annual rate of return from July 19, 1996 (as adjusted for any stock dividends, combinations, or splits). The redemption price of Series B preferred stock was $0.75 per share plus a 25% compound annual rate of return from June 1, 1997. The redemption price of Series C preferred stock was $1.50 per share plus a 25% compound annual rate of return from October 30, 1998. The redemption price of Series D preferred stock was $6.50 per share plus a 25% compound annual rate of return from November 1, 1999. The redemption value was accreted over the redemption period. Accretion for Series A was $278,000, $468,000, $584,000, and $658,000 in fiscal 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Accretion for Series B was $1,202,000, $1,719,000 and $1,934,000 in fiscal 1998, 1999 and 2000 respectively. Accretion for Series C was $1,214,000 and $2,900,000 in fiscal 1999 and 2000 respectively. Accretion for Series D was $2,101,000 in fiscal 2000. Upon the closing of the Company' initial public offering on March 1, 2000 all of the outstanding shares of Series A, B, C and D redeemable convertible preferred stock were automatically converted into shares of common stock on a one-to-one basis. 8. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) Initial Public Offering On February 25, 2000, the Company completed its initial public offering of 5,060,000 shares, resulting in net proceeds of $64.7 million to the Company. Private Placement In February 2000, concurrent with its initial public offering, the Company completed a private placement of 1,075,269 shares, resulting in proceeds of $14.0 million to the Company. Stock Option Plan The Company's stock option plans provide for grants of incentive or nonstatutory stock options to officers, employees, directors and consultants. Options vest over four years and expire over terms up to ten years. One of the Company's stock option plans provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance equal to the lesser of 2 million shares, 5% of the outstanding shares on the date of the annual increase, or a lesser amount as may be determined by the board of directors. The Company had 2,472,986 shares available for future grant at March 31, 2002. 51 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 8. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) -- (Continued) A summary of the activity under the Company's stock option plans is as follows:
Weighted Average Number Exercise of Shares Price --------------- --------- Balances, March 31, 1999 (397,626 exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $0.074 per share) .................................................. 2,185,049 $ 0.23 Granted (weighted average fair value of $3.69) ............................... 3,709,550 4.18 Canceled ..................................................................... (307,874) 0.68 Exercised .................................................................... (707,461) 0.71 --------- ------- Balances, March 31, 2000 (487,576 exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $4.18 per share) ................................................... 4,879,264 3.13 Granted (weighted average fair value of $14.47) .............................. 4,627,554 17.12 Options assumed in acquisition ............................................... 159,704 17.44 Canceled ..................................................................... (1,012,929) 15.77 Exercised .................................................................... (524,698) 0.90 ---------- ------- Balances, March 31, 2001 (1,407,436 exercisable at a weighted average exercise price of $3.14 per share .................................................... 8,128,895 $ 9.89 Granted (weighted average fair value of $7.99) ............................... 1,629,519 9.63 Canceled ..................................................................... (2,277,736) 14.44 Exercised .................................................................... (505,066) 1.96 ---------- ------- Balances, March 31, 2002 ..................................................... 6,975,612 $ 8.89 ========== =======
The following table summarizes information as of March 31, 2002 concerning options outstanding:
Options Outstanding Vested Options ----------------------------------------------- ------------------------ Weighted Average Weighted Weighted Range of Remaining Average Average Exercise Number Contractual Life Exercise Number Exercise Prices Outstanding (Years) Price Vested Price ------ ----------- ------- ----- ------ ----- $ 0.05 -- $ 0.25 704,440 6.09 $ 0.14 631,287 $ 0.12 0.50 -- 1.50 1,350,117 7.47 1.37 774,806 1.38 4.43 -- 7.75 1,292,504 8.96 7.63 316,791 7.66 7.82 -- 11.00 2,618,386 8.70 9.51 771,526 9.78 11.19 -- 34.25 684,552 8.73 17.48 210,899 20.97 34.63 -- 56.00 325,613 8.37 41.00 144,288 41.08 --------- ---- ------ ------- ------ Total 6,975,612 8.23 $ 8.89 2,849,597 $ 7.53 ========= ==== ====== ========= ======
Additional Stock Plan Information As discussed in Note 1, the Company accounts for its stock-based awards using the intrinsic value method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and its related interpretations. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123), requires the disclosure of pro forma net income (loss) had the Company adopted the fair value method. Under SFAS 123, the fair value of stock-based awards to employees is calculated through the use of option pricing models, even though such models were developed to estimate the fair value of freely tradable, fully transferable options without vesting restrictions, which significantly differ from the Company's stock option awards. These models also require subjective assumptions, including expected time to exercise, which greatly affect the calculated values. Until the date of the initial public offering the Company's calculations were made using the minimum value pricing method. The following weighted average assumptions were used: expected life after vesting, 2.5 years in fiscal 2000, 3 years 52 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 8. Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) -- (Continued) in fiscal 2001 and 2.5 years in fiscal 2002; average risk-free interest rate, 6.0% in fiscal 2000, 5.3% in fiscal 2001 and 4.5% in fiscal 2002. The Company's calculations include volatility of 100% in the period following the public offering through March 31, 2000, 115% in fiscal 2001 and 120% in fiscal 2002 and no dividends during the expected term. The Company's calculations are based on a multiple option valuation approach, and forfeitures are recognized as they occur. If the computed values of the Company's stock-based awards to employees had been amortized to expense over the vesting period of the awards as specified under SFAS No. 123, loss attributable to common stockholders and basic and diluted loss per share on a pro forma basis (as compared to such items as reported) would have been:
Years Ended March 31, --------------------------------------------- 2000 2001 2002 ------------- ------------- ------------- Net loss (in thousands): As reported ........................ $ (20,161) $ (52,225) $ (61,641) Pro forma .......................... $ (20,407) $ (53,411) $ (62,222) Basic and diluted net loss per share: As reported ........................ $ (3.87) $ (1.51) $ (1.61) Pro forma .......................... $ (3.91) $ (1.55) $ (1.63)
Stock-Based Compensation During fiscal 2000, the Company issued 3,709,550 common stock options at a weighted average price of $4.18 per share, which was less than the deemed weighted average fair value of $7.22 per share. Accordingly, the Company recorded $11,284,000 as the value of such options. Stock-based compensation of $3,663,000 was amortized to expense in the year ended March 31, 2000. During fiscal 2001, the Company assumed 159,704 unvested common stock options at a weighted average price of $17.44 per share, which was less than the fair value of $35 per share, related to the Arista acquisition. Accordingly, the Company recorded $1.6 million as the value of such options. Stock-based compensation of $5.4 million was amortized to expense in the year ended March 31, 2001. In addition, the Company recorded a $974,000 decrease in deferred stock compensation in fiscal 2001 due to unvested options of terminated employees. At March 31, 2002, the Company had $631,000 in deferred stock compensation related to options, which will be amortized to expense through fiscal 2004. 9. Net Loss Per Share For fiscal 2000, 2001 and 2002, the Company had stock options outstanding of 4,879,264, 8,128,895, and 6,975,612, respectively, which could potentially dilute basic earnings per share in the future, but were excluded in the computation of diluted net loss per share in the periods presented, as their effect would have been antidilutive. 10. Related Party Transactions: During fiscal 2000, the Company generated revenues of approximately $549,000, $526,000, $230,000, $158,000, $143,000, and $113,000 from six customers who are investors in the Company. Additionally, the Company generated revenues of $3.5 million from one customer of which one of the Company's directors is an executive officer. During fiscal 2001, the Company generated revenues of approximately $4.0 million, $3.0 million, $831,000, $827,000, and $199,000 from 5 customers who are investors in the Company. Additionally, the Company generated revenues of $2.5 million from one customer of which one of the Company's directors is a director. Receivables at fiscal year-end relating to these six customers totaled $752,000. 53 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 10. Related Party Transactions: -- (Continued) During fiscal 2002, the Company generated revenues of approximately $4.0 million, $1.5 million, $335,000, and $10,000 from 4 customers who are investors in the Company. Additionally, the Company generated revenues of $3.9 million from one customer of which one of the Company's directors is an executive officer. Receivables at fiscal year-end relating to these six customers totaled $486,000. 11. Employee Benefit Plans 401(k) Plan The Company has a 401(k) retirement plan (the Plan) that covers substantially all employees of the Company. The Plan provides for voluntary salary reduction contributions of up to 20% of eligible participants' annual compensation. The Company has not provided matching contributions for any of the periods presented. Employee Stock Purchase Plan The Company has a Qualified Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) under which 200,000 shares of common stock were originally reserved for issuance. The ESPP allows for annual increases equal to the lesser of 1% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the first day of the fiscal year, 400,000 shares, or such lesser amount as may be determined by the board. Under the ESPP, eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company's common stock through payroll deductions of up to 10% of the participant's compensation. Under this plan, eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company's common stock at 85% of fair market value at specific, predetermined dates. In fiscal 2001, approximately 100,000 shares were purchased at an average price of $11.87. In fiscal 2002, approximately 228,000 shares were purchased at an average price of $7.18. At March 31, 2002, approximately 227,000 shares were available for purchase under the ESPP. 12. Lease Commitments The Company leases its principal office facilities under operating leases. As of March 31, 2002, future minimum payments under facilities operating leases are as follows (in thousands):
Fiscal Year Ending March 31, - ------------------------------ 2003 ....................... $7,196 2004 ....................... 6,677 2005 ....................... 6,554 2006 ....................... 6,710 2007 ....................... 6,722 Thereafter ................. 27,585 ------ Total .................... $61,444 =======
Rent expense under operating leases was $978, $2,730, and $4,366 for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. 13. Strategic Alliance with Electronic Data Systems Corporation On July 11, 2000 the Company entered into an agreement with EDS pursuant to which EDS was issued two separate performance warrants to purchase shares of DigitalThink common stock. Under the terms of the first warrant, EDS could earn warrants to purchase up to 862,955 shares of DigitalThink common stock exercisable at $29 per share. The warrant could have been earned when EDS delivered third-party customers from the United States prior to July 31, 2003, which generated a total of $50 million of contractually committed revenue to DigitalThink recognizable by July 31, 2005. The warrants expired October 31, 2003. This warrant contained a significant disincentive for non-performance. If EDS failed to deliver the full $50 million of contracted, United States revenue by July 31, 2003, EDS agreed to pay DigitalThink $5 million. 54 DIGITALTHINK, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS -- (Continued) 13. Strategic Alliance with Electronic Data Systems Corporation -- (Continued) Under the terms of the second warrant, EDS could earn warrants for up to 690,364 shares of DigitalThink common stock exercisable at $29 per share. The warrant could have been earned when EDS delivered third-party customers from outside the United States prior to July 31, 2003, which generated a total of $50 million of contractually committed revenue to DigitalThink recognizable by July 31, 2005. The warrants expired October 31, 2003. This warrant contained a significant disincentive for non-performance. If EDS failed to deliver the full $50 million of contracted, non-United States revenue by July 31, 2003, EDS agreed to pay DigitalThink $5 million. The Company calculated a fixed non-cash charge of $38 million related to this transaction, based on the fair value of the warrants issued. A portion of the warrant vested at the date of the transaction resulting in an immediate charge of $4.9 million. Amortization of the remaining warrant expense would occur over three years from July 2000 through July 2003, in proportion to the amount of revenue generated under the agreement, or on a straight-line basis, whichever is faster. Through March 31, 2002, amortization was recorded on a straight-line basis totaling $24.1 million. On March 27, 2002, DigitalThink restructured the agreement entered into with EDS, whereby EDS has surrendered its vested and unvested warrants to purchase shares of DigitalThink common stock and DigitalThink has forgiven the $10 million total non-performance penalty associated with these warrants. Therefore, a charge of approximately $10 million was recorded as a reduction of revenue and a credit of approximately $10 million was recorded as other income. * * * * * 55 Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None PART III Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant The information required by this item is hereby incorporated by reference from the information under the captions "Election of Directors" and "Executive Officers" contained in DigitalThink's definitive Proxy Statement, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission no later than 120 days from the end of our last fiscal year in connection with the solicitation of proxies for our 2002 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the "Proxy Statement"). The information required by Section 16(a) is incorporated by reference form the information under the caption "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934" in the Proxy Statement. Item 11. Executive Compensation The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption "Executive Officer Compensation" in the Proxy Statement. Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in the Proxy Statement. Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions The information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the information under the caption "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" in the Proxy Statement. PART IV Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedule, and Reports on Form 8-K (a) 1. Consolidated Financial Statements The following Consolidated Financial Statements of DigitalThink, Inc. and Report of Deloitte & Touche LLP, have been filed as part of this Form 10-K. See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements under Item 8, above: Index to Consolidated Financial Statements Independent Auditors' Report Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2001 and 2002 Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity (Deficit) for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended March 31, 2000, 2001 and 2002 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (a) 2. Financial Statement Schedule The following financial statement schedule of DigitalThink, Inc. for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2000, 2001, and 2002 is filed as part of this Report and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidate Financial Statements of DigitalThink, Inc. Schedule II -- Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Schedules not listed above have been omitted because they are not applicable or are not required or the information required to be set forth therein is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Note thereto. (a) 3. Exhibits Refer to (C) below. 56 (b) Reports on Form 8-K The Company filed an 8-K on August 22, 2001, amended on October 26, 2001, describing the LearningByte acquisition. The Company filed an 8-K on April 5, 2002, press release dated April 2, 2002 announcing DigitalThink's Preliminary Results for Fourth Quarter; Revises Outlook and a press release dated April 2, 2002 announcing Executive Appointments naming Jon Madonna as Chairman and Michael Pope, President and CEO (c) Exhibits
Exhibit Number Description of Document - ------ ----------------------- ^2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization among and between DigitalThink, LearningByte International and Merger Sub, dated August 14, 2001 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation #3.2 Bylaws of DigitalThink, Inc. *5.1 Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation 10.15 Restated 1996 ISO Stock Plan 10.16 Change of Control Severance Agreement between DigitalThink and Jon C. Madonna dated September 14, 2001 10.17 Change of Control Severance Agreement between DigitalThink and Michael W. Pope dated September 14, 2001 10.18 Standard Industrial/Commercial Single Tenant Lease dated July 17, 2000 between Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 and DigitalThink, for office space located at 601 Brannan Street, San Francisco, California, and addenda and inserts thereto 21.1 DigitalThink subsidiaries 23.1 Independent Auditors' Consent and Report on Schedule 24.1 Power of Attorney (included in Registration Statement on page 55)
- ------------ ^ Incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.1 filed with our Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-28687). # Incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.2(b) filed with our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-92429), as amended. * Incorporated by reference to the same number exhibit filed with our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-92429), as amended. 57 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized. DIGITALTHINK, INC. (Registrant) June 4, 2002 By: /s/ MICHAEL W. POPE ------------------------- Michael W. Pope President and Chief Executive Officer June 4, 2002 By: /s/ ROBERT J. KROLIK ------------------------- Robert J. Krolik Chief Financial Officer POWER OF ATTORNEY KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michael W. Pope and Robert J. Krolik, or either of them, each with the power of substitution, his attorney-in-fact, to sign any amendments to this Form 10-K (including post-effective amendments), and to file the same, with exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming all that each of said attorneys-in-fact, or his substitute or substitutes, may do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date --------- ----- ---- BY: /s/ JON C. MADONNA Chairman of the Board June 4, 2002 --------------------------- Jon C. Madonna By: /s/ MICHAEL W. POPE Chief Executive Officer, President and June 4, 2002 --------------------------- Director Michael W. Pope (Principal Executive Officer) By: /s/ ROBERT J. KROLIK Chief Financial Officer June 4, 2002 --------------------------- (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) Robert J. Krolik By: /s/ STEVE L. ESKENAZI Director June 4, 2002 --------------------------- Steve L. Eskenazi By: /s/ PETER J. GOETTNER Director June 4, 2002 --------------------------- Peter J. Goettner By: /s/ SAMUEL D. KINGSLAND Director June 4, 2002 --------------------------- Samuel D. Kingsland By: /s/ WILLIAM H. LANE, III Director June 4, 2002 --------------------------- William H. Lane, III By: /s/ RODERICK C. MCGEARY Director June 4, 2002 --------------------------- Roderick C. McGeary
58 Schedule II DigitalThink, Inc. and Subsidiaries Valuation and Qualifying Accounts For the Years Ended March 31, 2000, 2001, 2002
Balance at Charges to Charged Balance at Beginning Costs and To Other End of of Period Expenses Deductions Accounts (1) Period ------------ ------------ -------------- -------------- ----------- Year ended March 31, 2000: Allowance for doubtful accounts ......... $ 75,000 $170,000 $ (40,000) $ -- $205,000 Year ended March 31, 2001: Allowance for doubtful accounts ......... $205,000 $170,000 $ (128,000) $ -- $247,000 Year ended March 31, 2002: Allowance for doubtful accounts ......... $247,000 $ 96,000 $ (342,000) $483,000 $484,000
- ------------ (1) Recorded on the books of acquired company 59 EXHIBIT LIST
Exhibit Number Description of Document - ------ ----------------------- ^2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reorganization among and between DigitalThink, LearningByte International and Merger Sub, dated August 14, 2001 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation #3.2 Bylaws of DigitalThink, Inc. *5.1 Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation 10.15 Restated 1996 ISO Stock Plan 10.16 Change of Control Severance Agreement between DigitalThink and Jon C. Madonna dated September 14, 2001 10.17 Change of Control Severance Agreement between DigitalThink and Michael W. Pope dated September 14, 2001 10.18 Standard Industrial/Commercial Single Tenant Lease dated July 17, 2000 between Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 and DigitalThink, for office space located at 601 Brannan Street, San Francisco, California, and addenda and inserts thereto 21.1 DigitalThink subsidiaries 23.1 Independent Auditors' Consent and Report on Schedule 24.1 Power of Attorney (included in Registration Statement on page 55)
- ------------ ^ Incorporated by reference to exhibit 99.1 filed with our Report on Form 8-K (File No. 000-28687). # Incorporated by reference to exhibit 4.2(b) filed with our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333- 92429), as amended. * Incorporated by reference to the same number exhibit filed with our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-92429), as amended. 60
EX-3.(I) 2 ex3-1.txt Exhibit 3.1 AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION OF DIGITALTHINK, INC. DigitalThink, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, hereby certifies as follows: A. The name of the corporation is DigitalThink, Inc. The corporation was originally incorporated under the same name, and the original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on November 2, 1999. B. Pursuant to Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, this Restated Certificate of Incorporation restates and amends the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation. C. The text of the Certificate of Incorporation is hereby amended and restated in its entirety to read as follows: ARTICLE I The name of this corporation is DigitalThink, Inc. ARTICLE II The address of the corporation's registered office in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19801. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company. ARTICLE III The purpose of the corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a corporation may be organized under the General Corporation Law of Delaware. ARTICLE IV The corporation is authorized to issue two classes of shares of stock to be designated, respectively, Common Stock, $0.001 par value, and Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value. The total number of shares that the corporation is authorized to issue is 260,000,000 shares. The number of shares of Common Stock authorized is 250,000,000. The number of authorized shares of Preferred Stock is 10,000,000. The Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series pursuant to a resolution or resolutions providing for such issue duly adopted by the board of directors (authority to do so being hereby expressly vested in the board). The board of directors is further authorized to determine or alter the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed upon any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock and to fix the number of shares of any series of Preferred Stock and the designation of any such series of Preferred Stock. The board of directors, within the limits and restrictions stated in any resolution or resolutions of the board of directors originally fixing the number of shares constituting any series, may increase or decrease (but not below the number of shares in any such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issue of shares of that series. The authority of the board of directors with respect to each such class or series shall include, without limitation of the foregoing, the right to determine and fix: (a) the distinctive designation of such class or series and the number of shares to constitute such class or series; (b) the rate at which dividends on the shares of such class or series shall be declared and paid, or set aside for payment, whether dividends at the rate so determined shall be cumulative or accruing, and whether the shares of such class or series shall be entitled to any participating or other dividends in addition to dividends at the rate so determined, and if so, on what terms; (c) the right or obligation, if any, of the corporation to redeem shares of the particular class or series of Preferred Stock and, if redeemable, the price, terms and manner of such redemption; (d) the special and relative rights and preferences, if any, and the amount or amounts per share, which the shares of such class or series of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the corporation; (e) the terms and conditions, if any, upon which shares of such class or series shall be convertible into, or exchangeable for, shares of capital stock of any other class or series, including the price or prices or the rate or rates of conversion or exchange and the terms of adjustment, if any; (f) the obligation, if any, of the corporation to retire, redeem or purchase shares of such class or series pursuant to a sinking fund or fund of a similar nature or otherwise, and the terms and conditions of such obligation; (g) voting rights, if any, on the issuance of additional shares of such class or series or any shares of any other class or series of Preferred Stock; (h) limitations, if any, on the issuance of additional shares of such class or series or any shares of any other class or series of Preferred Stock; and 2 (i) such other preferences, powers, qualifications, special or relative rights and privileges thereof as the board of directors of the corporation, acting in accordance with this Restated Certificate of Incorporation, may deem advisable and are not inconsistent with law and the provisions of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation. ARTICLE V The corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change, or repeal any provision contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by statute, and all rights conferred upon the stockholders herein are granted subject to this right. ARTICLE VI The corporation is to have perpetual existence. ARTICLE VII 1. Limitation of Liability. To the fullest extent permitted by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware as the same exists or as may hereafter be amended, a director of the corporation shall not be personally liable to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. 2. Indemnification. The corporation may indemnify to the fullest extent permitted by law any person made or threatened to be made a party to an action or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, administrative or investigative, by reason of the fact that such person or his or her testator or intestate is or was a director, officer or employee of the corporation, or any predecessor of the corporation, or serves or served at any other enterprise as a director, officer or employee at the request of the corporation or any predecessor to the corporation. 3. Amendments. Neither any amendment nor repeal of this Article VII, nor the adoption of any provision of the corporation's Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article VII, shall eliminate or reduce the effect of this Article VII, in respect of any matter occurring, or any action or proceeding accruing or arising or that, but for this Article VII, would accrue or arise, prior to such amendment, repeal, or adoption of an inconsistent provision. ARTICLE VIII In the event any shares of Preferred Stock shall be redeemed or converted pursuant to the terms hereof, the shares so converted or redeemed shall not revert to the status of authorized but unissued shares, but instead shall be canceled and shall not be re-issuable by the corporation. 3 ARTICLE IX Holders of stock of any class or series of the corporation shall not be entitled to cumulate their votes for the election of directors or any other matter submitted to a vote of the stockholders, unless such cumulative voting is required pursuant to Sections 2115 or 301.5 of the California General Corporation Law, in which event each such holder shall be entitled to as many votes as shall equal the number of votes which (except for this provision as to cumulative voting) such holder would be entitled to cast for the election of directors with respect to his shares of stock multiplied by the number of directors to be elected by him, and the holder may cast all of such votes for a single director or may distribute them among the number of directors to be voted for, or for any two or more of them as such holder may see fit, so long as the name of the candidate for director shall have been placed in nomination prior to the voting and the stockholder, or any other holder of the same class or series of stock, has given notice at the meeting prior to the voting of the intention to cumulate votes. 1. Number of Directors. The number of directors which constitutes the whole Board of Directors of the corporation shall be designated in the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the corporation. The directors shall be divided into three classes with the term of office of the first class (Class I) to expire at the annual meeting of stockholders held in 2000; the term of office of the second class (Class II) to expire at the annual meeting of stockholders held in 2001; the term of office of the third class (Class III) to expire at the annual meeting of stockholders held in 2002; and thereafter for each such term to expire at each third succeeding annual meeting of stockholders after such election. 2. Election of Directors. Elections of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the corporation shall so provide. ARTICLE X In furtherance and not in limitation of the powers conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter, amend or repeal the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the corporation. ARTICLE XI No action shall be taken by the stockholders of the corporation except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders called in accordance with the Amended and Restated Bylaws and no action shall be taken by the stockholders by written consent. The affirmative vote of sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the then outstanding voting securities of the corporation, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the amendment, repeal or modification of the provisions of Article IX, Article X, Article XI or Article XII of this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or Sections 2.3 (Special Meeting), 2.4 (Notice of Stockholders' Meeting), 2.5 (Advanced Notice of Stockholder Nominees and Stockholder Business), 2.10 (Voting), or 2.12 (Stockholder Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting), or 3.2 (Number of Directors) of the corporation's Amended and Restated Bylaws. 4 ARTICLE XII Meetings of stockholders may be held within or without the State of Delaware, as the Amended and Restated Bylaws may provide. The books of the corporation may be kept (subject to any provision contained in the statutes) outside of the State of Delaware at such place or places as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or in the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the corporation. 5 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, DigitalThink, Inc. has caused this certificate to be signed by Jon C. Madonna, its Chief Executive Officer, this 27th day of November, 2001. Jon C. Madonna ----------------------------------- /s/ Jon C. Madonna, President & CEO EX-10 3 ex10-15.txt Exhibit 10.15 DIGITALTHINK, INC. 1996 ISO STOCK PLAN 1. Purposes of the Plan. The purposes of this Stock Plan are to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, to provide additional incentive to Employees and Consultants of the Company and its Subsidiaries and to promote the success of the Company's business. Options granted under the Plan may be Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options, as determined by the Administrator at the time of grant of an Option and subject to the applicable provisions of Section 422 of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Stock Purchase Rights may also be granted under the Plan. 2. Definitions. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply: (a) "Administrator" means the Board or any of its Committees appointed pursuant to Section 4 of the Plan. (b) "Applicable Laws" means the requirements relating to the administration of stock option plans under U. S. state corporate laws, U.S. federal and state securities laws, the Code, any stock exchange or quotation system on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted and the applicable laws of any foreign country or jurisdiction where Options or Stock Purchase Rights are, or will be, granted under the Plan. (c) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Company. (d) "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. (e) "Committee" means a Committee appointed by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 4 of the Plan. (f) "Common Stock" means the Common Stock of the Company. (g) "Company" means DigitalThink, Inc., a Delaware corporation. (h) "Consultant" means any person who is engaged by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary to render consulting or advisory services and is compensated for such services, and any Director of the Company; provided, however, that Consultant shall not include Directors who are not compensated for their services or are paid only a Director's fee by the Company. (i) "Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant" means that the employment or consulting relationship with the Company, any Parent or Subsidiary is not interrupted or terminated. Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant shall not be considered interrupted in the case of (i) any leave of absence approved by the Company or (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company, its Parent, any Subsidiary, or any successor. A leave of absence approved by the Company shall include sick leave, military leave, or any other personal leave approved by an authorized representative of the Company. For purposes of Incentive Stock Options, no such leave may exceed 90 days, unless reemployment upon expiration of such leave is guaranteed by statute or contract, including Company policies. If reemployment upon expiration of a leave of absence approved by the Company is not so guaranteed, on the 91st day of such leave any Incentive Stock Option held by the Optionee shall cease to be treated as an Incentive Stock Option and shall be treated for tax purposes as a Nonstatutory Stock Option. (j) "Director" means a member of the Board of Directors of the Company. (k) "Employee" means any person, including Officers and Directors, employed by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary of the Company. The payment of a Director's fee by the Company shall not be sufficient to constitute "employment" by the Company. (l) "Exchange Act" means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. (m) "Fair Market Value" means, as of any date, the value of Common Stock determined as follows: (i) If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation the Nasdaq National Market of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation ("NASDAQ") System, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such stock (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such exchange or system for the last market trading day prior to the time of determination and reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable; (ii) If the Common Stock is quoted on the NASDAQ System (but not on the Nasdaq National Market thereof) or regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer but selling prices are not reported, its Fair Market Value shall be the mean between the high bid and low asked prices for the Common Stock on the last market trading day prior to the day of determination; or (iii) In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by the Administrator. (n) "Incentive Stock Option" means an Option intended to qualify as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code. (o) "Nonstatutory Stock Option" means an Option not intended to qualify as an Incentive Stock Option. (p) "Officer" means a person who is an officer of the Company within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. 2 (q) "Option" means a stock option granted pursuant to the Plan. (r) "Optioned Stock" means the Common Stock subject to an Option or a Stock Purchase Right. (s) "Optionee" means an Employee or Consultant who receives an Option or Stock Purchase Right. (t) "Parent" means a "parent corporation," whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code. (u) "Plan" means this 1996 ISO Stock Plan. (v) "Restricted Stock" means shares of Common Stock acquired pursuant to a grant of a Stock Purchase Right under Section 11 below. (w) "Section 16(b)" means Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. (x) "Share" means a share of the Common Stock, as adjusted in accordance with Section 12 below. (y) "Stock Purchase Right" means a right to purchase Common Stock pursuant to Section 11 below. (z) "Subsidiary" means a "subsidiary corporation," whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code. 3. Stock Subject to the Plan. Subject to the provisions of Section 12 of the Plan, the maximum aggregate number of Shares which may be subject to option and sold under the Plan is 9,816,586 Shares plus an annual increase to be added on the first day of the Company's fiscal year, beginning in 2001, equal to the lesser of (i) 2,000,000 shares, (ii) 5% of the outstanding shares on such date or (iii) an amount determined by the Administrator. The Shares may be authorized but unissued, or reacquired Common Stock. If an Option or Stock Purchase Right expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, or is surrendered pursuant to an option exchange program, the unpurchased Shares which were subject thereto shall become available for future grant or sale under the Plan (unless the Plan has terminated). However, Shares that have actually been issued under the Plan, upon exercise of either an Option or Stock Purchase Right, shall not be returned to the Plan and shall not become available for future distribution under the Plan, except that if Shares of Restricted Stock are repurchased by the Company at their original purchase price, and the original purchaser of such Shares did not receive any benefits of ownership of such Shares, such Shares shall become available 3 for future grant under the Plan. For purposes of the preceding sentence, voting rights shall not be considered a benefit of Share ownership. 4. Administration of the Plan. (a) Procedure. (i) Multiple Administrative Bodies. Different Committees with respect to different groups of Service Providers may administer the Plan. (ii) Section 162(m). To the extent that the Administrator determines it to be desirable to qualify Options granted hereunder as "performance-based compensation" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, the Plan shall be administered by a Committee of two or more "outside directors" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code. (iii) Rule 16b-3. To the extent desirable to qualify transactions hereunder as exempt under Rule 16b-3, the transactions contemplated hereunder shall be structured to satisfy the requirements for exemption under Rule 16b-3. (iv) Other Administration. Other than as provided above, the Plan shall be administered by (A) the Board or (B) a Committee, which committee shall be constituted to satisfy Applicable Laws. (b) Powers of the Administrator. Subject to the provisions of the Plan and, in the case of a Committee, the specific duties delegated by the Board to such Committee, and subject to the approval of any relevant authorities, including the approval, if required, of any stock exchange upon which the Common Stock is listed, the Administrator shall have the authority in its discretion: (i) to determine the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock, in accordance with Section 2(l) of the Plan; (ii) to select the Consultants and Employees to whom Options and Stock Purchase Rights may from time to time be granted hereunder; (iii) to determine whether and to what extent Options and Stock Purchase Rights or any combination thereof are granted hereunder; (iv) to determine the number of Shares to be covered by each such award granted hereunder; (v) to approve forms of agreement for use under the Plan; (vi) to determine the terms and conditions of any award granted hereunder; 4 (vii) to determine whether and under what circumstances an Option may be settled in cash under subsection 9(f) instead of Common Stock; (viii) to reduce the exercise price of any Option to the then current Fair Market Value if the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock covered by such Option has declined since the date the Option was granted; and (ix) to construe and interpret the terms of the Plan and awards granted pursuant to the Plan. (b) Effect of Administrator's Decision. All decisions, determinations and interpretations of the Administrator shall be final and binding on all Optionees and any other holders of any Options or Stock Purchase Rights. 5. Eligibility. (a) Nonstatutory Stock Options and Stock Purchase Rights may be granted to Employees and Consultants. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees. An Employee or Consultant who has been granted an Option or Stock Purchase Right may, if otherwise eligible, be granted additional Options or Stock Purchase Rights. (b) Each Option shall be designated in the written option agreement as either an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option. However, notwithstanding such designation, to the extent that the aggregate Fair Market Value of the Shares with respect to which Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by the Optionee during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company and any Parent or Subsidiary) exceeds $100,000, such Options shall be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options. For purposes of this Section 5(b), Incentive Stock Options shall be taken into account in the order in which they were granted. The Fair Market Value of the Shares shall be determined as of the time the Option with respect to such Shares is granted. (c) Neither the Plan nor any Option or Stock Purchase Right shall confer upon any Optionee any right with respect to continuation of his or her employment or consulting relationship with the Company, nor shall it interfere in any way with his or her right or the Company's right to terminate his or her employment or consulting relationship at any time, with or without cause. (d) The following limitations shall apply to grants of Options and Stock Purchase Rights to Employees: (i) No Employee shall be granted, in any fiscal year of the Company, Options and Stock Purchase Rights to purchase more than 75% of the shares reserved for issuance under the Plan. (ii) The foregoing limitation shall be adjusted proportionately in connection with any change in the Company's capitalization as described in Section 12. 5 (iii) If an Option or Stock Purchase Right is cancelled in the same fiscal year of the Company in which it was granted (other than in connection with a transaction described in Section 12), the cancelled Option or Stock Purchase Right shall be counted against the limit set forth in subsection (i) above. For this purpose, if the exercise price of an Option or Stock Purchase Right is reduced, such reduction will be treated as a cancellation of the Option or Stock Purchase Right and the grant of a new Option or Stock Purchase Right. 6. Term of Plan. The Plan shall become effective upon the earlier to occur of its adoption by the Board of Directors or its approval by the stockholders of the Company, as described in Section 18 of the Plan. It shall continue in effect for a term of ten (10) years unless sooner terminated under Section 14 of the Plan. 7. Term of Option. The term of each Option shall be the term stated in the Option Agreement; provided, however, that the term shall be no more than ten (10) years from the date of grant thereof. In the case of an Incentive Stock Option granted to an Optionee who, at the time the Option is granted, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the term of the Option shall be five (5) years from the date of grant thereof or such shorter term as may be provided in the Option Agreement. 8. Option Exercise Price and Consideration. (a) The per share exercise price for the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option shall be such price as is determined by the Administrator, but shall be subject to the following: (i) In the case of an Incentive Stock Option (A) granted to an Employee who, at the time of grant of such Option, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant. (B) granted to any other Employee, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant. (ii) In the case of a Nonstatutory Stock Option, the per Share exercise price shall be determined by the Administrator. In the case of a Nonstatutory Stock Option intended to qualify as "performance-based compensation" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant. 6 (b) The consideration to be paid for the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option, including the method of payment, shall be determined by the Administrator (and, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option, shall be determined at the time of grant). Such consideration may consist of (1) cash, (2) check, (3) promissory note, (4) other Shares which (x) in the case of Shares acquired upon exercise of an Option, have been owned by the Optionee for more than six months on the date of surrender, and (y) have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Shares as to which such Option shall be exercised, (5) delivery of a properly executed exercise notice together with such other documentation as the Administrator and a broker, if applicable, shall require to effect an exercise of the Option and delivery to the Company of the sale or loan proceeds required to pay the exercise price, or (6) any combination of the foregoing methods of payment. In making its determination as to the type of consideration to accept, the Administrator shall consider if acceptance of such consideration may be reasonably expected to benefit the Company. 9. Exercise of Option. (a) Procedure for Exercise; Rights as a Stockholder. Any Option granted hereunder shall be exercisable at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Administrator, including performance criteria with respect to the Company and/or the Optionee, and as shall be permissible under the terms of the Plan. An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share. An Option shall be deemed to be exercised when written notice of such exercise has been given to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Option by the person entitled to exercise the Option and full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised has been received by the Company. Full payment may, as authorized by the Administrator, consist of any consideration and method of payment allowable under Section 8(b) hereof. Until the issuance (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company) of the stock certificate evidencing such Shares, no right to vote, receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder shall exist with respect to the Optioned Stock, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. The Company shall issue (or cause to be issued) such stock certificate promptly upon exercise of the Option. No adjustment shall be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the stock certificate is issued, except as provided in Section 12 hereof. Exercise of an Option in any manner shall result in a decrease in the number of Shares which thereafter may be available, both for purposes of the Plan and for sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised. (b) Termination of Employment or Consulting Relationship. In the event of termination of an Optionee's Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant (but not in the event of an Optionee's change of status from Employee to Consultant (in which case an Employee's Incentive Stock Option shall automatically convert to a Nonstatutory Stock Option on the date three 7 (3) months and one day following such change of status) or from Consultant to Employee), such Optionee may, but only within such period of time as is determined by the Administrator, of at least thirty (30) days, with such determination in the case of an Incentive Stock Option not exceeding three (3) months after the date of such termination (but in no event later than the expiration date of the term of such Option as set forth in the Option Agreement), exercise his or her Option to the extent that the Optionee was entitled to exercise it at the date of such termination. To the extent that the Optionee was not entitled to exercise the Option at the date of such termination, or if the Optionee does not exercise such Option to the extent so entitled within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate. (c) Disability of Optionee. In the event of termination of an Optionee's Continuous Status as an Employee or Consultant as a result of his or her disability, the Optionee may, but only within twelve (12) months from the date of such termination (and in no event later than the expiration date of the term of such Option as set forth in the Option Agreement), exercise the Option to the extent otherwise entitled to exercise it at the date of such termination. If such disability is not a "disability" as such term is defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option such Incentive Stock Option shall automatically cease to be treated as an Incentive Stock Option and shall be treated for tax purposes as a Nonstatutory Stock Option on the day three months and one day following such termination. To the extent that the Optionee was not entitled to exercise the Option at the date of termination, or if the Optionee does not exercise such Option to the extent so entitled within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option shall revert to the Plan. (d) Death of Optionee. In the event of the death of an Optionee, the Option may be exercised at any time within twelve (12) months following the date of death (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Option as set forth in the Notice of Grant) by the Optionee's estate or by a person who acquired the right to exercise the Option by bequest or inheritance, but only to the extent that the Optionee was entitled to exercise the Option on the date of death. If, at the time of death, the Optionee was not entitled to exercise his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unexercisable portion of the Option shall immediately revert to the Plan. If, after the Optionee's death, the Optionee's estate or a person who acquires the right to exercise the Option by bequest or inheritance does not exercise the Option within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate, and the Shares covered by such Option shall revert to the Plan. (e) Buyout Provisions. The Administrator may at any time offer to buy out for a payment in cash or Shares, an Option previously granted, based on such terms and conditions as the Administrator shall establish and communicate to the Optionee at the time that such offer is made. 10. Non-Transferability of Options and Stock Purchase Rights. Unless determined otherwise by the Administrator, Options and Stock Purchase Rights may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Optionee, only by the Optionee. 8 11. Stock Purchase Rights. (a) Rights to Purchase. Stock Purchase Rights may be issued either alone, in addition to, or in tandem with other awards granted under the Plan and/or cash awards made outside of the Plan. After the Administrator determines that it will offer Stock Purchase Rights under the Plan, it shall advise the offeree in writing of the terms, conditions and restrictions related to the offer, including the number of Shares that such person shall be entitled to purchase, the price to be paid, and the time within which such person must accept such offer, which shall in no event exceed thirty (30) days from the date upon which the Administrator makes the determination to grant the Stock Purchase Right. The offer shall be accepted by execution of a Restricted Stock purchase agreement in the form determined by the Administrator. Shares purchased pursuant to the grant of a Stock Purchase Right shall be referred to herein as "Restricted Stock." (b) Repurchase Option. Unless the Administrator determines otherwise, the Restricted Stock purchase agreement shall grant the Company a repurchase option exercisable upon the voluntary or involuntary termination of the purchaser's employment with the Company for any reason (including death or disability). The purchase price for Shares repurchased pursuant to the Restricted Stock purchase agreement shall be the original price paid by the purchaser and may be paid by cancellation of any indebtedness of the purchaser to the Company. The repurchase option shall lapse at such rate as the Administrator may determine. (c) Other Provisions. The Restricted Stock purchase agreement shall contain such other terms, provisions and conditions not inconsistent with the Plan as may be determined by the Administrator in its sole discretion. In addition, the provisions of Restricted Stock purchase agreements need not be the same with respect to each purchaser. (d) Rights as a Stockholder. Once the Stock Purchase Right is exercised, the purchaser shall have rights equivalent to those of a stockholder and shall be a stockholder when his or her purchase is entered upon the records of the duly authorized transfer agent of the Company. No adjustment shall be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Stock Purchase Right is exercised, except as provided in Section 12 of the Plan. 12. Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization or Merger. (a) Changes in Capitalization. Subject to any required action by the stockholders of the Company, the number of shares of Common Stock covered by each outstanding Option or Stock Purchase Right, and the number of shares of Common Stock which have been authorized for issuance under the Plan but as to which no Options or Stock Purchase Rights have yet been granted or which have been returned to the Plan upon cancellation or expiration of an Option or Stock Purchase Right, as well as the price per share of Common Stock covered by each such outstanding Option or Stock Purchase Right, shall be proportionately adjusted for any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of the Common Stock, or any other increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock effected without receipt of consideration by the 9 Company. The conversion of any convertible securities of the Company shall not be deemed to have been "effected without receipt of consideration." Such adjustment shall be made by the Board, whose determination in that respect shall be final, binding and conclusive. Except as expressly provided herein, no issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of shares of Common Stock subject to an Option or Stock Purchase Right. (b) Dissolution or Liquidation. In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, the Administrator shall notify the Optionee at least fifteen (15) days prior to such proposed action. To the extent it has not been previously exercised, the Option or Stock Purchase Right shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action. (c) Merger. In the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation, each outstanding Option or Stock Purchase Right may be assumed or an equivalent option or right may be substituted by such successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of such successor corporation. If, in such event, an Option or Stock Purchase Right is not assumed or substituted, the Option or Stock Purchase Right shall terminate as of the date of the closing of the merger. For the purposes of this paragraph, the Option or Stock Purchase Right shall be considered assumed if, following the merger, the Option or Stock Purchase Right confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share of Optioned Stock subject to the Option or Stock Purchase Right immediately prior to the merger, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the merger by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if the holders are offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares). If such consideration received in the merger is not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent, the Administrator may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received upon the exercise of the Option or Stock Purchase Right, for each Share of Optioned Stock subject to the Option or Stock Purchase Right, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the merger. 13. Time of Granting Options and Stock Purchase Rights. The date of grant of an Option or Stock Purchase Right shall, for all purposes, be the date on which the Administrator makes the determination granting such Option or Stock Purchase Right, or such other date as is determined by the Administrator. Notice of the determination shall be given to each Employee or Consultant to whom an Option or Stock Purchase Right is so granted within a reasonable time after the date of such grant. 14. Amendment and Termination of the Plan. (a) Amendment and Termination. The Board may at any time amend, alter, suspend or discontinue the Plan, but no amendment, alteration, suspension or discontinuation shall 10 be made which would impair the rights of any Optionee under any grant theretofore made, without his or her consent. In addition, to the extent necessary and desirable to comply with Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act or with Section 422 of the Code (or any other applicable law or regulation, including the requirements of the NASD or an established stock exchange), the Company shall obtain stockholder approval of any Plan amendment in such a manner and to such a degree as required. (b) Effect of Amendment or Termination. Any such amendment or termination of the Plan shall not affect Options or Stock Purchase Rights already granted, and such Options and Stock Purchase Rights shall remain in full force and effect as if this Plan had not been amended or terminated, unless mutually agreed otherwise between the Optionee and the Administrator, which agreement must be in writing and signed by the Optionee and the Company. 15. Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares. Shares shall not be issued pursuant to the exercise of an Option or Stock Purchase Right unless the exercise of such Option or Stock Purchase Right and the issuance and delivery of such Shares pursuant thereto shall comply with all relevant provisions of law, including, without limitation, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Exchange Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Shares may then be listed, and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance. As a condition to the exercise of an Option or Stock Purchase Right, the Company may require the person exercising such Option or Stock Purchase Right to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any of the aforementioned relevant provisions of law. 16. Reservation of Shares. The Company, during the term of this Plan, shall at all times reserve and keep available such number of Shares as shall be sufficient to satisfy the requirements of the Plan. The inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Company's counsel to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority shall not have been obtained. 17. Agreements. Options and Stock Purchase Rights shall be evidenced by written agreements in such form as the Administrator shall approve from time to time. 18. Stockholder Approval. Continuance of the Plan shall be subject to approval by the stockholders of the Company within twelve (12) months before or after the date the Plan is adopted. Such stockholder approval shall be obtained in the degree and manner required under applicable state and federal law and the rules of any stock exchange upon which the Common Stock is listed. 11 EX-10 4 ex10-16.txt Exhibit 10.16 DIGITALTHINK, INC. CHANGE OF CONTROL SEVERANCE AGREEMENT This Change of Control Severance Agreement (the "Agreement") is made and entered into by and between Jon C. Madonna (the "Employee") and DigitalThink, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (the "Company"), effective as of September 14, 2001 (the "Effective Date"). RECITALS 1. It is expected that the Company from time to time will consider the possibility of an acquisition by another company or other change of control. The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") recognizes that such consideration can be a distraction to the Employee and can cause the Employee to consider alternative employment opportunities. The Board has determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to assure that the Company will have the continued dedication and objectivity of the Employee, notwithstanding the possibility, threat or occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined herein) of the Company. 2. The Board believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to provide the Employee with an incentive to continue his or her employment and to motivate the Employee to maximize the value of the Company upon a Change of Control for the benefit of its stockholders. 3. The Board believes that it is imperative to provide the Employee with certain severance benefits upon the Employee's termination of employment following a Change of Control. These benefits will provide the Employee with enhanced financial security and incentive and encouragement to remain with the Company notwithstanding the possibility of a Change of Control. 4. Certain capitalized terms used in the Agreement are defined in Section 6 below. AGREEMENT NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows: 1. Term of Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate upon the date that all of the obligations of the parties hereto with respect to this Agreement have been satisfied. 2. At-Will Employment. The Company and the Employee acknowledge that the Employee's employment is and shall continue to be at-will, as defined under applicable law, except as may otherwise be specifically provided under the terms of any written formal employment agreement between the Company and the Employee (an "Employment Agreement"). If the Employee's employment terminates for any reason, including (without limitation) any termination prior to a Change of Control, the Employee shall not be entitled to any payments, benefits, damages, awards or compensation other than as provided by this Agreement or under his or her Employment Agreement. 3. Severance Benefits. (a) Involuntary Termination Following a Change of Control. If within twelve (12) months following a Change of Control (i) the Employee terminates his or her employment with the Company (or any parent or subsidiary of the Company) for "Good Reason" (as defined herein) or (ii) the Company (or any parent or subsidiary of the Company) terminates the Employee's employment for other than "Cause" (as defined herein), and the Employee signs and does not revoke a standard release of claims with the Company in a form acceptable to the Company, then the Employee shall receive the following severance from the Company: (i) Options. All of the Employee's then outstanding options to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock (the "Options") that would have otherwise vested at any time following such termination (as if the Employee had remained continuously employed with the Company during such period) shall immediately vest and became exercisable (that is, in addition to the shares subject to the Options which have vested and become exercisable as of the date of such termination, including any acceleration provided for in Section 3), but in no event shall the number of shares subject to such Options which so vest exceed the total number of shares subject to such Options. (b) Voluntary Resignation; Termination for Cause. If the Employee's employment with the Company terminates (i) voluntarily by the Employee or (ii) for Cause by the Company, then the Employee shall not be entitled to receive severance or other benefits except for those (if any) as may then be established under the Company's then existing severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with the Company. (c) Disability; Death. If the Company terminates the Employee's employment as a result of the Employee's Disability, or the Employee's employment terminates due to his or her death, then the Employee shall not be entitled to receive severance or other benefits except for those (if any) as may then be established under the Company's then existing written severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with the Company. (d) Termination Apart from Change of Control. In the event the Employee's employment is terminated for any reason, either prior to the occurrence of a Change of Control or after the twelve (12)-month period following a Change of Control, then the Employee shall be entitled to receive severance and any other benefits only as may then be established under the Company's existing written severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with the Company. (e) Exclusive Remedy. In the event of a termination of Employee's employment within twelve (12) months following a Change of Control, the provisions of this Section 3 are intended to be and are exclusive and in lieu of any other rights or remedies to which the Employee or the Company may otherwise be entitled, whether at law, tort or contract, in equity, or under this Agreement. The Employee shall be entitled to no benefits, compensation or other payments or rights 2 upon termination of employment following a Change in Control other than those benefits expressly set forth in this Section 3. 4. Golden Parachute Excise Tax Gross-Up. In the event that the severance and other benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable to the Employee constitute "parachute payments" within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and will be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, then the Employee shall receive (i) a payment from the Company sufficient to pay such excise tax, and (ii) an additional payment from the Company sufficient to pay the excise tax and federal and state income taxes arising from the payments made by the Company to the Employee pursuant to this sentence. Unless the Company and the Employee otherwise agree in writing, the determination of the Employee's excise tax liability and the amount required to be paid under this Section shall be made in writing by the Company's accountants (the "Accountants"). In the event that the excise tax incurred by the Employee is determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be greater or lesser than the amount so determined by the Accountants, the Company and the Employee agree to promptly make such additional payment, including interest and any tax penalties, to the other party as the Accountants reasonably determine is appropriate to ensure that the net economic effect to the Employee under this Section, on an after-tax basis, is as if the Code Section 4999 excise tax did not apply to the Employee. For purposes of making the calculations required by this Section, the Accountants may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on interpretations of the Code for which there is a "substantial authority" tax reporting position. The Company and the Employee shall furnish to the Accountants such information and documents as the Accountants may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section. The Company shall bear all costs the Accountants may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by this Section. 5. Definition of Terms. The following terms referred to in this Agreement shall have the following meanings: (a) Cause. "Cause" means (i) an act of dishonesty made by the Employee in connection with such Employee's responsibilities as an employee, (ii) the Employee's conviction of, or plea of nolo contendre to, a felony which the Board reasonably believes had or will have a material detrimental effect on the Company's reputation or business, (iii) the Employee's gross misconduct, (iv) the Employee's continued substantial violations of such Employee's duties as an employee after the Employee has received a written demand for performance from the Company which specifically sets forth the factual basis for the Company's belief that the Employee has not substantially performed such Employee's duties. (b) Change of Control. "Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following: (i) Any "person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under said Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power represented by the Company's then outstanding voting securities; or 3 (ii) Any action or event occurring within a two-year period, as a result of which fewer than a majority of the directors are Incumbent Directors. "Incumbent Directors" shall mean directors who either (A) are directors of the Company as of the date hereof, or (B) are elected, or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of at least a majority of the Incumbent Directors at the time of such election or nomination (but shall not include an individual whose election or nomination is in connection with an actual or threatened proxy contest relating to the election of directors to the Company); or (iii) The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) at least fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; or (iv) The consummation of the sale, lease or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all the Company's assets. (c) Disability. "Disability" shall mean that the Employee has been unable to perform his Company duties as the result of his incapacity due to physical or mental illness, and such inability, at least twenty-six (26) weeks after its commencement, is determined to be total and permanent by a physician selected by the Company or its insurers and acceptable to the Employee or the Employee's legal representative (such Agreement as to acceptability not to be unreasonably withheld). Termination resulting from Disability may only be effected after at least thirty (30) days' written notice by the Company of its intention to terminate the Employee's employment. In the event that the Employee resumes the performance of substantially all of his or her duties hereunder before the termination of his or her employment becomes effective, the notice of intent to terminate shall automatically be deemed to have been revoked. (d) Good Reason. "Good Reason" means without the Employee's express written consent (i) a significant reduction of the Employee's duties, position or responsibilities, or the removal of such Employee from such position and responsibilities, unless the Employee is provided with a comparable position (i.e., a position of equal or greater organizational level, duties, authority, compensation and status); provided, however, that in an event, if following a Change of Control, the Employee is not an executive of the parent corporation of the ultimate parent entity of the Company, Good Reason shall exist; (ii) a substantial reduction of the facilities and perquisites (including office space and location) available to the Employee immediately prior to such reduction; (iii) a reduction by the Company in the base compensation of the Employee as in effect immediately prior to such reduction; (iv) a material reduction by the Company in the kind or level of benefits to which the Employee was entitled immediately prior to such reduction with the result that such Employee's overall benefits package is significantly reduced; (v) the relocation of the Employee to a facility or a location more than fifty (50) miles from such Employee's then present location. 6. Successors. 4 (a) The Company's Successors. Any successor to the Company (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets shall assume the obligations under this Agreement and agree expressly to perform the obligations under this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform such obligations in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets which executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in this Section 6(a) or which becomes bound by the terms of this Agreement by operation of law. (b) The Employee's Successors. The terms of this Agreement and all rights of the Employee hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the Employee's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. 7. Notice. (a) General. Notices and all other communications contemplated by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when personally delivered or when mailed by U.S. registered or certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid. In the case of the Employee, mailed notices shall be addressed to him or her at the home address which he or she most recently communicated to the Company in writing. In the case of the Company, mailed notices shall be addressed to its corporate headquarters, and all notices shall be directed to the attention of its President. (b) Notice of Termination. Any termination by the Company for Cause or by the Employee for Good Reason or as a result of a voluntary resignation shall be communicated by a notice of termination to the other party hereto given in accordance with Section 7(a) of this Agreement. Such notice shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination under the provision so indicated, and shall specify the termination date (which shall be not more than thirty (30) days after the giving of such notice). The failure by the Employee to include in the notice any fact or circumstance which contributes to a showing of Good Reason shall not waive any right of the Employee hereunder or preclude the Employee from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing his or her rights hereunder. 8. Miscellaneous Provisions. (a) No Duty to Mitigate. The Employee shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment contemplated by this Agreement, nor shall any such payment be reduced by any earnings that the Employee may receive from any other source. (b) Waiver. No provision of this Agreement shall be modified, waived or discharged unless the modification, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing and signed by the Employee and by an authorized officer of the Company (other than the Employee). No waiver by either party of any breach of, or of compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement by 5 the other party shall be considered a waiver of any other condition or provision or of the same condition or provision at another time. (c) Headings. All captions and section headings used in this Agreement are for convenient reference only and do not form a part of this Agreement. (d) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersedes in their entirety all prior representations, understandings, undertakings or agreements (whether oral or written and whether expressed or implied) of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. (e) Choice of Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. (f) Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof, which shall remain in full force and effect. (g) Withholding. All payments made pursuant to this Agreement will be subject to withholding of applicable income and employment taxes. (h) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. 6 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has executed this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer, as of the day and year set forth below. COMPANY DIGITALTHINK, INC. By: --------------------------------- Title: --------------------------------- EMPLOYEE By: --------------------------------------- Title: --------------------------------- 7 EX-10 5 ex10-17.txt Exhibit 10.17 DIGITALTHINK, INC. CHANGE OF CONTROL SEVERANCE AGREEMENT This Change of Control Severance Agreement (the "Agreement") is made and entered into by and between Michael W. Pope (the "Employee") and DigitalThink, Inc., a Delaware Corporation (the "Company"), effective as of September 14, 2001 (the "Effective Date"). RECITALS 1. It is expected that the Company from time to time will consider the possibility of an acquisition by another company or other change of control. The Board of Directors of the Company (the "Board") recognizes that such consideration can be a distraction to the Employee and can cause the Employee to consider alternative employment opportunities. The Board has determined that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to assure that the Company will have the continued dedication and objectivity of the Employee, notwithstanding the possibility, threat or occurrence of a Change of Control (as defined herein) of the Company. 2. The Board believes that it is in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to provide the Employee with an incentive to continue his or her employment and to motivate the Employee to maximize the value of the Company upon a Change of Control for the benefit of its stockholders. 3. The Board believes that it is imperative to provide the Employee with certain severance benefits upon the Employee's termination of employment following a Change of Control. These benefits will provide the Employee with enhanced financial security and incentive and encouragement to remain with the Company notwithstanding the possibility of a Change of Control. 4. Certain capitalized terms used in the Agreement are defined in Section 6 below. AGREEMENT NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein, the parties hereto agree as follows: 1. Term of Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate upon the date that all of the obligations of the parties hereto with respect to this Agreement have been satisfied. 2. At-Will Employment. The Company and the Employee acknowledge that the Employee's employment is and shall continue to be at-will, as defined under applicable law, except as may otherwise be specifically provided under the terms of any written formal employment agreement between the Company and the Employee (an "Employment Agreement"). If the Employee's employment terminates for any reason, including (without limitation) any termination prior to a Change of Control, the Employee shall not be entitled to any payments, benefits, damages, awards or compensation other than as provided by this Agreement or under his or her Employment Agreement. 3. Severance Benefits. (a) Involuntary Termination Following a Change of Control. If within twelve (12) months following a Change of Control (i) the Employee terminates his or her employment with the Company (or any parent or subsidiary of the Company) for "Good Reason" (as defined herein) or (ii) the Company (or any parent or subsidiary of the Company) terminates the Employee's employment for other than "Cause" (as defined herein), and the Employee signs and does not revoke a standard release of claims with the Company in a form acceptable to the Company, then the Employee shall receive the following severance from the Company: (i) Options. All of the Employee's then outstanding options to purchase shares of the Company's Common Stock (the "Options") that would have otherwise vested at any time following such termination (as if the Employee had remained continuously employed with the Company during such period) shall immediately vest and became exercisable (that is, in addition to the shares subject to the Options which have vested and become exercisable as of the date of such termination, including any acceleration provided for in Section 3), but in no event shall the number of shares subject to such Options which so vest exceed the total number of shares subject to such Options. (b) Voluntary Resignation; Termination for Cause. If the Employee's employment with the Company terminates (i) voluntarily by the Employee or (ii) for Cause by the Company, then the Employee shall not be entitled to receive severance or other benefits except for those (if any) as may then be established under the Company's then existing severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with the Company. (c) Disability; Death. If the Company terminates the Employee's employment as a result of the Employee's Disability, or the Employee's employment terminates due to his or her death, then the Employee shall not be entitled to receive severance or other benefits except for those (if any) as may then be established under the Company's then existing written severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with the Company. (d) Termination Apart from Change of Control. In the event the Employee's employment is terminated for any reason, either prior to the occurrence of a Change of Control or after the twelve (12)-month period following a Change of Control, then the Employee shall be entitled to receive severance and any other benefits only as may then be established under the Company's existing written severance and benefits plans and practices or pursuant to other written agreements with the Company. (e) Exclusive Remedy. In the event of a termination of Employee's employment within twelve (12) months following a Change of Control, the provisions of this Section 3 are intended to be and are exclusive and in lieu of any other rights or remedies to which the Employee or the Company may otherwise be entitled, whether at law, tort or contract, in equity, or under this Agreement. The Employee shall be entitled to no benefits, compensation or other payments or rights 2 upon termination of employment following a Change in Control other than those benefits expressly set forth in this Section 3. 4. Golden Parachute Excise Tax Gross-Up. In the event that the severance and other benefits provided for in this Agreement or otherwise payable to the Employee constitute "parachute payments" within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") and will be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code, then the Employee shall receive (i) a payment from the Company sufficient to pay such excise tax, and (ii) an additional payment from the Company sufficient to pay the excise tax and federal and state income taxes arising from the payments made by the Company to the Employee pursuant to this sentence. Unless the Company and the Employee otherwise agree in writing, the determination of the Employee's excise tax liability and the amount required to be paid under this Section shall be made in writing by the Company's accountants (the "Accountants"). In the event that the excise tax incurred by the Employee is determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be greater or lesser than the amount so determined by the Accountants, the Company and the Employee agree to promptly make such additional payment, including interest and any tax penalties, to the other party as the Accountants reasonably determine is appropriate to ensure that the net economic effect to the Employee under this Section, on an after-tax basis, is as if the Code Section 4999 excise tax did not apply to the Employee. For purposes of making the calculations required by this Section, the Accountants may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on interpretations of the Code for which there is a "substantial authority" tax reporting position. The Company and the Employee shall furnish to the Accountants such information and documents as the Accountants may reasonably request in order to make a determination under this Section. The Company shall bear all costs the Accountants may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by this Section. 5. Definition of Terms. The following terms referred to in this Agreement shall have the following meanings: (a) Cause. "Cause" means (i) an act of dishonesty made by the Employee in connection with such Employee's responsibilities as an employee, (ii) the Employee's conviction of, or plea of nolo contendre to, a felony which the Board reasonably believes had or will have a material detrimental effect on the Company's reputation or business, (iii) the Employee's gross misconduct, (iv) the Employee's continued substantial violations of such Employee's duties as an employee after the Employee has received a written demand for performance from the Company which specifically sets forth the factual basis for the Company's belief that the Employee has not substantially performed such Employee's duties. (b) Change of Control. "Change of Control" means the occurrence of any of the following: (i) Any "person" (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) becomes the "beneficial owner" (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under said Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total voting power represented by the Company's then outstanding voting securities; or 3 (ii) Any action or event occurring within a two-year period, as a result of which fewer than a majority of the directors are Incumbent Directors. "Incumbent Directors" shall mean directors who either (A) are directors of the Company as of the date hereof, or (B) are elected, or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of at least a majority of the Incumbent Directors at the time of such election or nomination (but shall not include an individual whose election or nomination is in connection with an actual or threatened proxy contest relating to the election of directors to the Company); or (iii) The consummation of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other corporation, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior thereto continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) at least fifty percent (50%) of the total voting power represented by the voting securities of the Company or such surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation; or (iv) The consummation of the sale, lease or other disposition by the Company of all or substantially all the Company's assets. (c) Disability. "Disability" shall mean that the Employee has been unable to perform his Company duties as the result of his incapacity due to physical or mental illness, and such inability, at least twenty-six (26) weeks after its commencement, is determined to be total and permanent by a physician selected by the Company or its insurers and acceptable to the Employee or the Employee's legal representative (such Agreement as to acceptability not to be unreasonably withheld). Termination resulting from Disability may only be effected after at least thirty (30) days' written notice by the Company of its intention to terminate the Employee's employment. In the event that the Employee resumes the performance of substantially all of his or her duties hereunder before the termination of his or her employment becomes effective, the notice of intent to terminate shall automatically be deemed to have been revoked. (d) Good Reason. "Good Reason" means without the Employee's express written consent (i) a significant reduction of the Employee's duties, position or responsibilities, or the removal of such Employee from such position and responsibilities, unless the Employee is provided with a comparable position (i.e., a position of equal or greater organizational level, duties, authority, compensation and status); provided, however, that in an event, if following a Change of Control, the Employee is not an executive of the parent corporation of the ultimate parent entity of the Company, Good Reason shall exist; (ii) a substantial reduction of the facilities and perquisites (including office space and location) available to the Employee immediately prior to such reduction; (iii) a reduction by the Company in the base compensation of the Employee as in effect immediately prior to such reduction; (iv) a material reduction by the Company in the kind or level of benefits to which the Employee was entitled immediately prior to such reduction with the result that such Employee's overall benefits package is significantly reduced; (v) the relocation of the Employee to a facility or a location more than fifty (50) miles from such Employee's then present location. 6. Successors. 4 (a) The Company's Successors. Any successor to the Company (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the Company's business and/or assets shall assume the obligations under this Agreement and agree expressly to perform the obligations under this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform such obligations in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under this Agreement, the term "Company" shall include any successor to the Company's business and/or assets which executes and delivers the assumption agreement described in this Section 6(a) or which becomes bound by the terms of this Agreement by operation of law. (b) The Employee's Successors. The terms of this Agreement and all rights of the Employee hereunder shall inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the Employee's personal or legal representatives, executors, administrators, successors, heirs, distributees, devisees and legatees. 7. Notice. (a) General. Notices and all other communications contemplated by this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given when personally delivered or when mailed by U.S. registered or certified mail, return receipt requested and postage prepaid. In the case of the Employee, mailed notices shall be addressed to him or her at the home address which he or she most recently communicated to the Company in writing. In the case of the Company, mailed notices shall be addressed to its corporate headquarters, and all notices shall be directed to the attention of its President. (b) Notice of Termination. Any termination by the Company for Cause or by the Employee for Good Reason or as a result of a voluntary resignation shall be communicated by a notice of termination to the other party hereto given in accordance with Section 7(a) of this Agreement. Such notice shall indicate the specific termination provision in this Agreement relied upon, shall set forth in reasonable detail the facts and circumstances claimed to provide a basis for termination under the provision so indicated, and shall specify the termination date (which shall be not more than thirty (30) days after the giving of such notice). The failure by the Employee to include in the notice any fact or circumstance which contributes to a showing of Good Reason shall not waive any right of the Employee hereunder or preclude the Employee from asserting such fact or circumstance in enforcing his or her rights hereunder. 8. Miscellaneous Provisions. (a) No Duty to Mitigate. The Employee shall not be required to mitigate the amount of any payment contemplated by this Agreement, nor shall any such payment be reduced by any earnings that the Employee may receive from any other source. (b) Waiver. No provision of this Agreement shall be modified, waived or discharged unless the modification, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing and signed by the Employee and by an authorized officer of the Company (other than the Employee). No waiver by either party of any breach of, or of compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement by 5 the other party shall be considered a waiver of any other condition or provision or of the same condition or provision at another time. (c) Headings. All captions and section headings used in this Agreement are for convenient reference only and do not form a part of this Agreement. (d) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersedes in their entirety all prior representations, understandings, undertakings or agreements (whether oral or written and whether expressed or implied) of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof. (e) Choice of Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California. (f) Severability. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof, which shall remain in full force and effect. (g) Withholding. All payments made pursuant to this Agreement will be subject to withholding of applicable income and employment taxes. (h) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. 6 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties has executed this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer, as of the day and year set forth below. COMPANY DIGITALTHINK, INC. By: ------------------------------------ Title: ------------------------------------ EMPLOYEE By: ------------------------------------------ Title: ------------------------------------ 7 EX-10 6 ex10-18.txt Exhibit 10.18 SUMMARY OF BASIC LEASE INFORMATION The undersigned hereby agree to the following terms of this Summary of Basic Lease Information (the "Summary"). This Summary is hereby incorporated into and made a part of the attached Lease (this Summary and the Lease to be known collectively as the "Lease") which pertains to the building (the "Building") which is located at 601 Brannan Street, San Francisco, California (the "Site"). Each reference in the Lease to any term of this Summary shall have the meaning as set forth in this Summary for such term. In the event of a conflict between the terms of this Summary and the Lease, the terms of the Lease shall prevail. Any capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meaning as set forth in the Lease.
TERMS OF LEASE DESCRIPTION (a.) Date: July 17, 2000 (b.) Landlord: Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 (c.) Address of Landlord (Paragraph 8): 55 Peninsula Road, Belvedere, California 94920 (d.) Tenant: Digital Think, Inc., a Delaware corporation (e.) Address of Tenant (Paragraph 8): 1098 Harrison Street, San Francisco, California. Attention: Chief Financial Officer (f.) Premises (Paragraph 1): 601 Brannan Street, San Francisco, California. Total square footage of Premises: approximately 74,200 (subject to adjustment pursuant to Paragraph 1.3.) (g.) Term (Paragraph 2): Approximately ten (10) years. (i) Lease Commencement Date: Two hundred seventy (270) days (as measured pursuant to Paragraph 2.2) after the City and County of San Francisco has issued the Final Use Approval (as defined in Paragraph 3.1) (as such date may be extended pursuant to Paragraph 5.2 of the Work Letter), or the date on which Tenant is able to occupy substantially all of the Premises and conduct business thereon, whichever first occurs. (ii) Lease Expiration Date: The last day of the month in which the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Lease Commencement Date occurs (unless the Lease Commencement Date falls on the first day of a calendar month, in which case the Lease Expiration Date shall be the last day of the month preceding the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Lease Commencement Date). 1 (iii) Early Occupancy: Tenant shall take possession of approximately 13,520 square feet of the Building on the date the current tenant vacates the Premises, which tenant shall vacate no later than sixty (60) days following the date of execution of this Lease (Paragraph 3.2). (h.) Monthly Basic Rent: See Paragraph 4. (i.) Adjustment to Monthly Basic Rent (Paragraph 4.1): Annual Consumer Price Index increases; 3% minimum, 5% maximum. (j.) Prepaid Rent: $355,541.67 upon execution of Lease. (k.) Operating Expenses (Paragraph 5): Tenant is responsible for payment of all operating expenses related to the Premises, the Building and the Site. (l.) Security Deposit (Paragraph 6): $1,000,000.00 in cash; $2,133,250.00 in a letter of credit (subject to adjustment pursuant to Paragraph 6). (m.) Broker (Paragraph 9): Tenant's Broker: HC&M Commercial Properties, Inc. Landlord's Broker: Cappiello & Associates, Inc. (n.) Work Letter (Exhibit D): See attached.
The foregoing terms of this Summary are agreed to by Landlord and Tenant.
LANDLORD: TENANT: Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees Digital Think, Inc., a Delaware corporation of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 By: ____________________________ By:____________________________ Name: _________________________ Thomas A. Price, Trustee Its: ____________________________ By:____________________________ By:____________________________ Gwendolyn Price, Trustee Name:_________________________ Its:____________________________
2 LEASE THIS LEASE, dated July 17, 2000, for purposes of reference only, is made and entered into by and between Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 ("Landlord") and Digital Think, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Tenant"). 1. Premises Leased. 1.1 Landlord hereby leases to Tenant, and Tenant hereby leases from Landlord, the Premises designated in the Summary and outlined on the Diagram attached hereto as Exhibit A consisting of the Building at the address designated in the Summary and the parcel of real property designated as the Site in the Summary, including all parking areas located on the Site, subject to such reasonable rules and regulations as Landlord may deliver to Tenant from time to time. Tenant acknowledges that Landlord has made no representation or warranty regarding the condition of the Premises, Building, or Site except as specifically stated in this Lease. The parties hereto agree that said letting and hiring is upon and subject to the terms, covenants and conditions herein set forth and Tenant covenants as a material part of the consideration for this Lease to keep and perform each and all of said terms, covenants and conditions by it to be kept and performed and that this Lease is made upon the condition of such performance. 1.2 The rights and obligations of the parties regarding the construction of the Premises are described in the tenant work letter ("Work Letter") attached to this Lease as Exhibit D. Any inconsistency between the provisions of the Work Letter and the provisions of the balance of the Lease, shall be governed by the provisions of the Work Letter. 1.3 Tenant acknowledges that a portion of the Base Building Work (as defined in the Work Letter) includes construction of additional second floor space in a portion of the Building, and that upon completion of such construction, the square footage of the Building is estimated to be approximately 74,200 square feet. Upon substantial completion of the Base Building Work, Base Building Architect and Tenant's Architect shall calculate the actual square footage of the Building pursuant to modified BOMA (gross taken to outside surface of exterior walls, without deduction for stairwells or telephony/equipment rooms, with deduction for shafts and transformer rooms) for purposes of determining the final, actual square footage of the Building. 2. Term. 2.1 Subject to Paragraphs 2.2 and 3, the term of this Lease (the "Term") shall commence on the Lease Commencement Date, and terminate on the Lease Expiration Date, as such terms are defined in the Summary, unless the Term is earlier commenced or terminated as hereinafter provided. At all times that Tenant has access to the Premises prior to the Lease Commencement Date, whether to perform construction of Base Building Work or Tenant's Improvements, to fixturize the Premises or for any other purpose, the terms and conditions of this 3 Lease shall be in full force and effect, with the exception of the payment of Monthly Basic Rent which, subject to Paragraph 3.2, shall not commence until the Lease Commencement Date. 2.2 Landlord and Tenant shall each exercise commercially reasonable efforts to substantially complete the Base Building Work and the Tenant's Improvements, as contemplated by the Work Letter, in the shortest time possible, taking into account the necessary governmental permissions and approvals, demand on construction industry resources, inclement weather and other events and circumstances outside the parties' control. The Lease Commencement Date shall be (i) that date which is two hundred ten (210) days following the date on which the City and County of San Francisco (the "City") issues Final Use Approval (as defined in Paragraph 3.1); provided however, that such date shall be extended by the length of time it takes Base Building Architect (as defined in the Work Letter) to complete the Base Building Drawings (as defined in the Work Letter) and for the Contractor (as defined in the Work Letter), with Tenant's and Landlord's reasonable cooperation, to obtain a building permit for construction of the Base Building Work, which extension shall not exceed sixty (60) days unless extended by a Permitted Delay (as defined in the Work Letter), or (ii) the date on which Tenant is able to occupy substantially all of the Premises and operate its business thereon, whichever first occurs. The Lease Expiration Date shall be the last day of the month in which the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Lease Commencement Date occurs (unless the Lease Commencement Date falls on the first day of a calendar month, in which case the Lease Expiration Date shall be the last day of the month preceding the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Lease Commencement Date). The actual Lease Commencement Date and the actual Lease Expiration Date shall be specified in Landlord's Notice of Lease Term Dates ("Notice"), in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B, and shall be served upon Tenant as provided in Paragraph 8 promptly after the Term shall have commenced. 3. Possession. 3.1 Landlord and Tenant each acknowledge and agree that this Lease, and the parties' respective rights and obligations hereunder, is subject to the City giving its final approval for a conversion of the Premises from the existing service/light industrial use to a multimedia use (the "Final Use Approval"). Landlord shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain Final Use Approval on or before January 31, 2001, and thereafter if Final Use Approval has not been obtained within said period. Tenant shall fully cooperate with Landlord as necessary to facilitate obtaining Final Use Approval as expeditiously as possible. In the event Final Use Approval is not received on or before January 31, 2001, Landlord and Tenant shall each have the right to terminate this Lease by giving written notice of termination to the other party at any time prior to the City issuing Final Use Approval. In the event the City informs Landlord that Final Use Approval is not forthcoming prior to January 31, 2001, Landlord shall promptly inform Tenant, and Landlord and Tenant shall then each have the right to terminate this Lease by giving written notice to the other party so stating. In the event of such notice, Tenant shall return possession of the Early Occupancy Premises (as defined below) to Landlord in good condition within thirty (30) days. Upon receipt of possession of the Early Occupancy Premises, Landlord shall return all deposits and all prepaid Rent (less any earned Rent for the Early Occupancy Period (as defined below)) to Tenant, and shall repay Tenant for all advances made by Tenant related to Base Building Work. Except as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, each party shall otherwise bear their own costs and fees incurred through the date of termination (including without limitation attorney's fees, architectural and engineering fees, design fees or other construction planning and related costs), and neither party 4 shall have any further obligation to the other. In the event this Lease is terminated pursuant to this Paragraph, Landlord's obligation to repay all advances made by Tenant related to Base Building Work shall be contingent only upon the return of the Early Occupancy Premises to Landlord in good condition, and otherwise shall constitute an independent covenant. Landlord shall cooperate with and keep Tenant fully informed in connection with seeking Final Use Approval and shall reasonably consult with Tenant prior to submitting any information to the City in connection with obtaining Final Use Approval. Landlord shall keep Tenant informed of all communications and shall provide Tenant with copies of all written communications received from the City related to obtaining Final Use Approval, and shall further notify Tenant in writing of any meetings at which the application for Final Use Approval will be addressed to allow Tenant to send representatives to such meetings. Tenant shall have no direct contact with the City concerning the Final Use Approval without Landlord's prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. 3.2 Notwithstanding the provisions of this Lease concerning the calculation of the Lease Commencement Date or the length of the Term, beginning on the date that the current tenant vacates the Premises (not to exceed sixty (60) days from the date hereof) and continuing until the Lease Commencement Date (the "Early Occupancy Period"), Tenant shall take possession of approximately 13,520 square feet of the Premises consisting of (i) approximately 8,140 square feet of space on the existing second floor of the Premises, and (ii) approximately 5,380 square feet on the ground floor level, all as more particularly set forth in Exhibit A (the "Early Occupancy Premises"). Tenant accepts such space in its "AS IS" condition; provided, however, that Landlord shall, prior to commencement of the Early Occupancy Period, construct a temporary, insulated wall along the column line separating the above-referenced 5,380 square foot ground level space from the balance of the ground floor to allow Tenant to more effectively use such space during the Early Occupancy Period and while construction is ongoing with respect to the remainder of the Premises. All of the terms and conditions of this Lease shall be applicable during the Early Occupancy Period as though the Term had commenced; provided, however, that during the Early Occupancy Period, and until the Lease Commencement Date, (i) Tenant shall pay in lieu of Monthly Basic Rent the sum of $51,893.75 per month, (ii) Landlord shall be responsible for payment of earthquake insurance premiums associated with coverage during the Early Occupancy Period, and (iii) Tenant shall only be responsible for payment of 18.22% of the Real Property Taxes (as defined below) which accrue during the Early Occupancy Period. During the Early Occupancy Period, the Early Occupancy Rent shall be paid in accordance with Paragraph 4.4. If, during the Early Occupancy Period, the City (or any other governmental agency with jurisdiction) notifies Landlord or Tenant that Tenant's occupancy of any portion of the Early Occupancy Premises is not permitted, and Landlord is not able within a reasonable time to obtain the City's consent to such occupancy, Tenant's right of possession of the applicable portion of the Early Occupancy Premises shall terminate and Tenant shall promptly vacate such portion and return possession to Landlord. In such event, the reduced Monthly Basic Rent set forth above shall be further reduced to an amount equal to the sum of (i) $57.50 multiplied by the square footage of the second floor portion of the Early Occupancy Premises Tenant continues to occupy, and (ii) $28.75 multiplied by the square footage of the first floor portion of the Early Occupancy Premises Tenant continues to occupy. Except as amended by this Subparagraph, all of the terms and conditions applicable to the Early Occupancy Period shall remain in full force and effect. 5 4. Monthly Basic Rent/Rent Adjustments. 4.1 Tenant agrees to pay to Landlord monthly rent for the Premises (the "Monthly Basic Rent") in the following amounts, which amounts are subject to adjustment as provided in Paragraphs 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5: Months 1 through 12: $244,430.56 Months 13 through 18: $255,096.81 Months 19 through end of Term: $366,207.92 4.2 The parties acknowledge that the Monthly Basic Rent amounts set forth above have been determined assuming the square footage of the Building is 74,200 square feet. In the event an adjustment to the square footage of the Building is made pursuant to Paragraph 1.3, the Monthly Basic Rent amounts set forth above shall be recalculated by multiplying the stated Monthly Basic Rent by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the actual square footage of the Building as determined pursuant to Paragraph 1.3, and the denominator of which shall be 74,200. 4.3 Commencing with the Monthly Basic Rent due on the first day of the twenty-fifth (25th) month of the Term ("Initial Adjustment Date"), the Monthly Basic Rent shall be adjusted in accordance with the provisions of this Paragraph, and shall thereafter be adjusted on each subsequent annual anniversary of the Initial Adjustment Date (each date an "Adjustment Date") during the balance of the Term. Such adjustment to Monthly Basic Rent shall reflect any increase in the Consumer Price Index (All Items) for Urban Consumers for the San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose Area (Base Period 1982-84=100), published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics ("Index"), and shall be calculated as follows: The Index published and in effect immediately prior to the Initial Adjustment Date (the "First Adjustment Index") and the Index published and in effect exactly one year prior to the First Adjustment Index (the "Beginning Index") shall be used to determine the amount of the first increase in Monthly Basic Rent. The Monthly Basic Rent on the Initial Adjustment Date shall be increased by the same percentage amount as the increase in the First Adjustment Index over the Beginning Index. Thereafter, on each subsequent Adjustment Date, the Monthly Basic Rent for the ensuing year shall be increased over the Monthly Basic Rent in effect immediately prior to the subject Adjustment Date by the same percentage amount as the increase in the Index published and in effect immediately prior to such Adjustment Date over the Index published and in effect exactly one year earlier; provided, however, that the increase in Monthly Basic Rent for any adjustment period shall never be less than three percent (3%) nor more than five percent (5%). If the Index is changed so that the Base Period differs from that described above, the Index shall be converted in accordance with the conversion factor published by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. If the Index is discontinued or revised during the Term, such other government index or computation with which it is replaced shall be used in order to obtain substantially the same result as would be obtained if the Index had not been discontinued or revised. On adjustment of the Monthly Basic Rent as provided in this Paragraph (due to an adjustment in square footage or an annual adjustment based on a change in the Index), Landlord shall promptly deliver to Tenant written notice setting forth the new Monthly Basic Rent. 6 Landlord's failure to promptly deliver such notice shall not constitute a waiver of Landlord's right to increase the Monthly Basic Rent as provided herein. 4.4 All payments of Monthly Basic Rent shall be due and payable in advance on the first day of each and every calendar month during the Term, except that the amount specified in Paragraph (j) of the Summary as Prepaid Rent shall be paid upon the execution hereof and shall be applied as a credit against the first installments of Monthly Basic Rent due hereunder until exhausted. Tenant's obligation to pay Monthly Basic Rent hereunder shall be prorated during any partial month of the Term based on the number of days in such month. In addition to said Monthly Basic Rent, Tenant agrees to pay the amount of the rental adjustments as and when provided in this Lease. Monthly Basic Rent and all additional rent shall be paid to Landlord without any prior demand therefor and without any deduction or offset (unless otherwise provided in this Lease) in lawful money of the United States of America, which shall be legal tender at the time of payment, at the address of Landlord designated in Paragraph (b) of the Summary, or to such other person or at such other place as Landlord may from time to time designate in writing. Further, all charges to be paid by Tenant hereunder, including, without limitation, payments for Real Property Taxes (as defined below) and other costs and expenses shall be considered additional rent for the purposes of this Lease, and the word "Rent" in this Lease shall include such additional rent as well as Monthly Basic Rent unless the context specifically or clearly implies that only the Monthly Basic Rent is referenced. All payments received by Landlord from Tenant shall be applied to the oldest payment obligation owed by Tenant to Landlord. No designation by Tenant, either in a separate writing or on a check or money order, shall modify this clause or have any force or effect. 4.5 Paragraph 1.3 of the Work Letter sets forth Landlord's and Tenant's obligations with respect to the payment for Base Building Costs (as defined in the Work Letter). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in the event the sum of (i) the Base Building Costs, plus (ii) one-half of the Extractions (as defined below) paid by Tenant exceeds in the aggregate $2,000,000.00 (such excess is hereafter referred to as the "Excess Building Costs"), then one-eighteenth (1/18th) of the Excess Building Costs shall be credited against the Monthly Basic Rent due for each of the first full eighteen (18) months of the Term; provided, however, that if the Excess Building Costs exceed the total amount of the Monthly Basic Rent due for the first eighteen (18) months of the Term, then any such excess amount shall be applied as a credit against the full amount of the Monthly Basic Rent due for the nineteenth (19th) month of the Term and, if necessary, any succeeding months of the Term until such excess amount is exhausted. By way of example only, assume that the final, actual square footage of the Building (as determined pursuant to Paragraph 1.3) is 73,000 square feet, the Base Building Costs paid by Tenant are $3,000,000.00, and the Extractions paid by Tenant are $1,000,000, then the Monthly Basic Rental for Months 1-18 of the Term would be adjusted to equal the following amounts: $157,144.18 for Months 1-12 {[$244,430.56 x 73,000/74,200] - [(($3,000,000.00 - $2,000,000.00) + (1/2 of $1,000,000.00))/18]} and $167,637.93 for Months 13-18 {[$255,096.81 x 73,000/74,200] - [(($3,000,000.00 - $2,000,000.00) + (1/2 of $1,000,000.00))/18]}. 4.6 In the event this Lease is terminated during the Early Occupancy Period or the first eighteen (18) months of the Term, and such termination is not the result, in whole or part, of Tenant's breach or default of this Lease or the attached Work Letter, Landlord shall return to Tenant (i) any unearned, prepaid Monthly Basic Rent, (ii) any unused portion of the Security 7 Deposit, and (iii) any amount paid by Tenant toward Base Building Work. Landlord shall deliver all such amounts to Tenant within ninety (90) days following the date of such termination. In the event such termination is the result of a casualty or other event which results in insurance proceeds being paid to Landlord, Tenant shall have the right to receive, and Landlord shall be obligated to pay, any sums due to Tenant under this Paragraph from such insurance proceeds. 5. Payment of Taxes, Utilities and Extractions. 5.1 Tenant shall pay prior to delinquency all taxes assessed against and levied upon Tenant-owned leasehold improvements, trade fixtures, furnishings, equipment and all personal property of Tenant contained in the Premises or elsewhere. When possible, Tenant shall cause its leasehold improvements, trade fixtures, furnishings, equipment and all other personal property to be assessed and billed separately from the real property of Landlord. 5.2 Tenant shall pay prior to delinquency all Real Property Taxes (as defined below) which accrue in connection with the Premises during the Term of this Lease. Promptly upon receipt of invoices for Real Property Taxes attributable to the Premises, Landlord shall deliver such invoices to Tenant. Upon written request from Tenant, Landlord shall provide Tenant with copies of all other correspondence or documentation related to any Real Property Taxes Tenant is obligated to pay hereunder. Upon request, Tenant shall furnish Landlord with satisfactory evidence that all Real Property Taxes are paid and current. If any Real Property Taxes paid by Tenant cover any period of time prior to the Commencement Date or after expiration of the Term, Tenant's share of the Real Property Taxes shall be equitably prorated to cover only the period of time this Lease is in effect, and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for any overpayment by reason of such proration. If Tenant shall fail to pay any Real Property Taxes required by this Lease to be paid by Tenant, Landlord shall have the right to pay the same upon ten (10) days written notice to Tenant, and Tenant shall reimburse Landlord therefor, including any interest and penalties upon demand. As used herein, the term "Real Property Taxes" shall include any form of real estate tax, any general, special, ordinary or extraordinary assessment, any improvement bond, levy or similar tax (or any other fee, charge, or excise which may be imposed as a substitute for any of the foregoing) imposed upon the Premises by any authority having the direct or indirect power to tax, including any city, county, state or federal government, or any school, agricultural, sanitary, fire, street, drainage or other improvement district, levied against any legal or equitable interest of Landlord in the Premises. Tenant shall not be responsible for the payment of any tax levied against Landlord's leasing of the Premises, or for the payment of any estate, inheritance, transfer, gift or franchise taxes, or any penalties or interest accrued in connection with the Real Property Taxes (unless the result of Tenant's failure to comply with its obligations under this Lease). In the event of an increase in Real Property Taxes due directly to the sale or transfer of the Site by Landlord, Tenant's obligation to pay Real Property Taxes accruing during the Term shall only include fifty percent (50%) of any such increase. Tenant shall obtain Landlord's consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld) prior to contesting any Real Property Taxes Tenant is obligated to pay hereunder, and in the event of such tax contest by Tenant, Tenant shall (i) fully indemnify Landlord pursuant to the provisions of Paragraph 18, and (ii) bear the full cost of any such contest including without limitation the cost 8 of any interest and penalties which may be assessed. If a change in Real Property Taxes is obtained for any year of the Term, then Real Property Taxes for that year shall be retroactively adjusted to reflect any actual reduction realized by Landlord and Landlord shall provide Tenant with a credit, if any, based on the actual adjustment. Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing of any material change in any tax assessment or reassessment of the Building and the Site within sufficient time to allow Tenant to review such assessment or reassessment. Landlord shall cooperate at no more than a nominal cost to Landlord and in good faith with Tenant in connection with any protest or contest of taxes or assessments made by Tenant. 5.3 Tenant shall pay prior to delinquency all charges for water, gas, heat, light, power, telephone, sewage, air conditioning and ventilating, scavenger, janitorial, landscaping, and all other materials and utilities supplied to the Premises, and all other expenses related to the operation of the Premises not the responsibility of Landlord hereunder. Landlord shall not be liable, and, except as otherwise provided in Paragraph 17, Tenant shall not be entitled to any abatement of Rent (including without limitation Monthly Basic Rent) for the reduction, interruption or suspension of any utility service to the Premises unless caused by the negligent act or omission of Landlord or its agents; provided, however, that Landlord shall reasonably cooperate with Tenant at Tenant's request to reestablish any such interrupted services. No such interruption, reduction or suspension of utilities shall constitute an eviction of Tenant from the Premises. Landlord shall not charge Tenant a management fee related to this Lease, Tenant's occupancy of the Premises or the performance of Landlord's obligations hereunder. 5.4 Landlord and Tenant acknowledge that, in connection with changing the use of, and constructing additional square footage at, the Building, the City will assess certain charges and extractions (the "Extractions") against the Building in furtherance of the City's policy to allocate a portion of school, traffic and other City infrastructure costs to commercial property development in the City. Tenant shall pay all such Extractions as and when due. 6. Security Deposit. Tenant shall pay to Landlord as follows a security deposit in the amounts specified in Paragraph (l) of the Summary to be held by Landlord as security for the faithful performance by Tenant of all of the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease by Tenant to be kept and performed during the Term hereof: (i) upon execution of this Lease by the parties, Tenant shall post the cash portion of the Security Deposit; (ii) within ten (10) business days after the execution of this Lease by the parties, Tenant shall deliver a letter of credit in the amount of $1,066,625.00; and (iii) within ten (10) business days after receipt of Final Use Approval, Tenant shall increase the amount of the letter of credit to that amount set forth in Paragraph (l) of the Summary. The letter of credit portion of the deposit shall be in a form, and with a financial institution, reasonably acceptable to Landlord. If at any time during the Term of this Lease any item constituting Rent as provided herein shall be overdue and unpaid then Landlord may, after expiration of any applicable cure period and at the sole option of Landlord, but without any requirement to do so, appropriate and apply the deposit provided pursuant to this Paragraph 6 to payment of such overdue Rent. In doing so, Landlord shall first apply the cash portion of the deposit prior to making any draw against the letter of credit. Further, in the event of the failure of Tenant to keep and perform any term, covenant or condition of this Lease to be kept or performed by Tenant, then, after expiration of the applicable cure period and at the sole option of Landlord, Landlord may appropriate and apply the deposit to the extent necessary to compensate Landlord for any loss or damage sustained by Landlord due to such breach on the part of Tenant, and/or to cure 9 such breach. In the event that all or any portion of the deposit is appropriated and applied by Landlord pursuant to this Paragraph, then Tenant shall, upon written demand of Landlord, promptly remit to Landlord a sufficient amount of cash or replacement letter of credit to restore each component of the deposit to the amount of deposit then required under this Paragraph. Any failure on the part of Tenant to restore the deposit within ten (10) days following the date on which demand for restoration is deemed given hereunder shall constitute a default pursuant to Paragraph 24.1(c) without any further notice. Upon expiration of the Term, or earlier termination of this Lease, and within the time prescribed by law, Landlord shall deliver to Tenant any cash or letter of credit portion of the deposit which has not been appropriated or applied by Landlord in accordance with the provisions of this Paragraph. Tenant acknowledges that the deposit is not prepaid rent and, except as expressly provided below, shall not be applied by Tenant to the payment of any Rent due Landlord. No interest shall be paid to Tenant on the deposit, and Landlord shall not be obligated to maintain the cash portion of the deposit separate or apart from any other funds of Landlord. In the event Landlord transfers the deposit to any successor in interest of Landlord to title of the Site and Building who has agreed in writing to assume the obligations of Landlord under this Lease, then, in such event, Landlord shall be discharged from any further obligation or liability with respect to the deposit. Tenant waives the provisions of California Civil Code Section 1950.7 and all other provisions of law now or hereafter in force which provide that Landlord may claim from a security deposit only those sums reasonably necessary to remedy defaults in the payment of Rent, to repair damages caused by Tenant, or to clean the Premises. Landlord and Tenant agree that Landlord may, in addition, claim those sums reasonably necessary to compensate Landlord for any other foreseeable or unforeseeable loss or damage caused by the act or omission by Tenant or Tenant's officers, agents, employees, independent contractors or invitees. Tenant may not assign or encumber the deposit without the consent by Landlord. Any attempt to do so shall be void and shall not be binding on Landlord. On each anniversary of the Lease Commencement Date, and provided Tenant has not been in default of this Lease beyond any applicable cure period at any time during the immediately preceding three hundred sixty-five (365) day period, Tenant may replace the letter of credit portion of the deposit with another letter of credit in an amount reduced by one-sixth (1/6th) of the original letter of credit amount; provided, however, that at such time as the letter of credit has been so reduced three (3) times down to $1,066,625.00, the fourth and final reduction in the letter of credit shall be for $66,625.00, and the replacement letter of credit for $1,000,000.00 shall thereafter remain in place until the expiration or earlier termination of the Term. Provided Tenant has not been in default of this Lease beyond any applicable cure period at any time during the immediately preceding three hundred sixty-five (365) day period, and provided Tenant is not in default on the date the applicable Monthly Basic Rent payment is due, beginning with the Monthly Basic Rent due for the thirty-seventh (37th) month of the Term, Landlord shall apply one-twelfth (1/12th) of the cash portion of the deposit as a credit against Monthly Basic Rent for each month of the Term thereafter until the cash portion of the deposit has been fully credited against Monthly Basic Rent. 7. Use. 7.1 Tenant shall use the Premises for multimedia and/or business services, and all purposes incident thereto, and shall not use or permit the Premises to be used for any other purpose without the prior written consent of Landlord, which consent may be granted or withheld in Landlord's sole discretion. Tenant shall not use or occupy the Premises in violation of any currently 10 recorded covenants, conditions and restrictions affecting the Site or of any law, nor shall Tenant use or occupy, or permit the Premises to be used or occupied, in any way which would jeopardize Landlord's right to use the Site in accordance with the Final Use Approval. Tenant shall, upon five (5) days written notice from Landlord, discontinue any use of the Premises proscribed in the immediately preceding sentence. Tenant shall not interfere with radio or television broadcasting or reception from or in the Building or elsewhere. Tenant shall comply with any direction of any governmental authority having jurisdiction which shall, by reason of the nature of Tenant's specific use or alteration of the Premises, impose any duty upon Tenant or Landlord with respect to the Premises or with respect to the use or occupation thereof. Tenant shall not do or permit to be done anything which will invalidate or increase the cost of any fire, extended coverage or any other insurance policy covering the Building and/or property located therein and shall comply with all rules, orders, regulations and requirements of the Pacific Fire Rating Bureau or any other organization performing a similar function. Tenant shall promptly upon demand reimburse Landlord as additional Rent for any additional premium charged for such policy by reason of Tenant's failure to comply with the provisions of this Paragraph 7. Tenant shall not use or allow the Premises to be used for any unlawful purpose, nor shall Tenant cause, maintain or permit any nuisance in, on or about the Premises, or allow any noxious odors to exist at or emanate from the Premises. Tenant shall not commit or suffer to be committed any waste in or upon the Premises and shall keep the Premises in good repair and appearance. Tenant shall not place a load upon the Premises exceeding the average pounds of live load per square foot of floor area specified for the Building by Landlord's architect, with the partitions to be considered a part of the live load. Landlord reserves the right to prescribe the weight and position of all safes, files and heavy equipment which Tenant desires to place in the Premises so as to distribute properly the weight thereof. Tenant's business machines and mechanical equipment which cause vibration or noise that may be transmitted to the Building structure or to any other space in the Building shall be so installed, maintained and used by Tenant as to eliminate such vibration or noise. Tenant shall be responsible for all structural engineering required to determine structural load. Tenant shall fasten all files, bookcases and like furnishings to walls in a manner to prevent tipping over in the event of earth movements. Landlord shall not be responsible for any damage or liability for such events. 7.2 Except for the normal and proper use and storage of typical cleaning fluids and solutions, and office equipment supplies (such as copier toner), in amounts commensurate with Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises, Tenant shall not use, introduce to the Premises, generate, manufacture, produce, store, release, discharge or dispose of, on, under or about the Premises or transport to or from the Premises any Hazardous Material (as defined below) or allow its employees, agents, contractors, invitees or any other person or entity to do so. Tenant warrants that it shall not make any use of the Premises which may cause contamination of the soil, the subsoil or ground water. Tenant shall keep and maintain the Premises in compliance with, and shall not cause or permit the Premises to be in violation of any and all federal, state or local laws, ordinances, rules or regulations pertaining to health, industrial hygiene or the environmental conditions on, under or about the Premises. Tenant shall give immediate written notice to Landlord of (i) any action, proceeding or inquiry by any governmental authority or any third party with respect to the presence of any Hazardous Material on the Premises or the migration thereof from or to other property or (ii) any spill, release or discharge of Hazardous Materials that occurs with respect to the Premises or Tenant's operations. 11 7.2.1 Tenant shall indemnify and hold harmless Landlord, its directors, officers, employees, agents, successors and assigns (collectively "Landlord") from and against any and all claims arising from Tenant's use of the Premises in violation of this Paragraph. The indemnity shall include all costs, fines, penalties, judgments, losses, attorney's fees, expenses and liabilities incurred by Landlord for any such claim or any action or proceeding brought thereon including, without limitation, (a) all foreseeable consequential damages including without limitation loss of rental income and diminution in property value; and (b) the costs of any cleanup, detoxification or other ameliorative work of any kind or nature required by any governmental agency having jurisdiction thereof, including without limitation all costs of monitoring and all fees and expenses of consultants and experts retained by Landlord. This indemnity shall survive the expiration or termination of this Lease. In any action or proceeding brought against Landlord by reason of any such claim, upon notice from Landlord if Landlord does not elect to retain separate counsel, Tenant shall defend the same at Tenant's expense by counsel reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. Tenant's indemnity obligations pursuant to this Subparagraph shall not include the presence of Hazardous Materials on or beneath the Site which are the result of migration from properties adjacent to the Site. 7.2.2 To the best of Landlord's actual knowledge, no Hazardous Materials exist on, at or under the Premises, the Building or the Site as of the date of execution of this Lease. Landlord has received a "No Further Action" letter for the Site from the applicable governmental agency, a copy of which, along with any other Hazardous Materials reports or materials related to the Site in Landlord's possession, Landlord shall provide to Tenant upon execution of this Lease. Landlord shall be responsible at its sole cost and expense for removing or otherwise remediating as required by applicable law any Hazardous Materials which existed on, at or under the Premises, the Building or the Site as of the date of execution of this Lease and Landlord shall, in similar scope as Tenant's indemnification obligations set forth in Subparagraph 7.2.1, indemnify, defend and hold Tenant harmless from any costs and expenses related to any such preexisting Hazardous Materials. If either party desires, a Phase I Environmental Assessment shall be performed on the Site prior to the Lease Commencement Date, in which event the parties shall share equally all costs of obtaining such environmental assessment. 7.2.3 As used herein, the term "Hazardous Material" shall mean any substance or material which has been determined by any state, federal or local governmental authority to be capable of posing a risk of injury to health, safety or property, including all of those materials and substances designated as hazardous or toxic by the city in which the Premises are located, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Consumer Product Safety Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, the California Water Resources Control Board, the Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region the California Air Resources Board, CAL/OSHA Standards Board, Division of Occupational Safety and Health, the California Department of Food and Agriculture, the California Department of Health Services, and any federal agencies that have overlapping jurisdiction with such California agencies, or any other governmental agency now or hereafter authorized to regulate materials and substances in the environment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the term "Hazardous Material" shall included all of those materials and substances defined as "hazardous materials" or "hazardous waste" in Sections 66680 through 66685 of Title 22 of the California Administrative Code, Division 4, Chapter 30, as the same shall be amended from time to time, petroleum, petroleum-related substances and the by-products, fractions, constituents and sub-constituents of petroleum or petroleum-related substances, asbestos, and any 12 other materials requiring remediation now or in the future under federal, state or local statutes, ordinances, regulations or policies. 8. Payments and Notices. All Rents and other sums payable by Tenant to Landlord hereunder shall be paid to Landlord by check, cashier's check, or cash, at Landlord's option, at the address designated by Landlord in the Summary or at such other places as Landlord may hereafter designate in writing. Any notice required or permitted to be given hereunder must be in writing and may be given by personal delivery, mail, or by recognized overnight courier. If notice is given by personal delivery, such notice shall be deemed to be given upon delivery at the addresses designated in the Summary, if notice is given by registered or certified mail such notice shall be deemed given three (3) business days following deposit in the U.S. mail, postage prepaid, addressed to Tenant or Landlord (as the case may be) at the addresses designated in the Summary and if given by overnight courier shall be deemed given the next business day following delivery to the courier, charges prepaid, address as stated above. Either party may by written notice to the other specify a different address for notice purposes. If more than one person or entity constitutes the "Tenant" under this Lease, service of any notice upon any one of said persons or entities shall be deemed as service upon all of said persons or entities. 9. Brokers. The parties recognize that the brokers who negotiated this Lease are the brokers whose names are stated in Paragraph (m) of the Summary, and agree that Landlord shall be solely responsible for the payment of brokerage commissions to said brokers, and that Tenant shall have no responsibility therefor. As part of the consideration for the granting of this Lease, Tenant represents and warrants to Landlord that to Tenant's knowledge no other broker, agent or finder negotiated or was instrumental in negotiating or consummating this Lease and that Tenant knows of no other real estate broker, agent or finder who is, or might be, entitled to a commission or compensation in connection with this Lease. Any broker, agent or finder of Tenant whom Tenant has failed to disclose herein shall be paid by Tenant. Tenant shall hold Landlord harmless from all damages and indemnify Landlord for all said damages paid or incurred by Landlord resulting from any claims that may be asserted against Landlord by any broker, agent or finder who has, or has claimed to have, rendered services to Tenant undisclosed by Tenant herein. Landlord shall hold Tenant harmless from all damages and indemnify Tenant for all said damages paid or incurred by Tenant resulting from any claims that may be asserted against Tenant by any broker, agent or finder who has, or has claimed to have, rendered services to Landlord undisclosed by Landlord herein. 10. Holding Over. If Tenant remains in possession of the Premises after expiration or earlier termination of this Lease with Landlord's express consent, Tenant's occupancy shall be a month to month tenancy at a rent agreed upon by Landlord and Tenant but, in no event less than the Monthly Basic Rent payable under this Lease during the last full month before the date of expiration or earlier termination. The month to month tenancy shall be on the terms and conditions of this Lease except as provided in the preceding sentence and the Lease clauses concerning extension rights. If Tenant holds over after the expiration or earlier termination of the Term hereof without the express written consent of Landlord, Tenant shall become a tenant at sufferance only, at a rental rate equal to one hundred fifty percent (150%) of the Monthly Basic Rent which would be applicable to the Premises upon the date of such expiration (subject to adjustment as provided herein and prorated on a daily basis) for the first sixty (60) days of such holdover, and two hundred percent (200%) of the Monthly Basic Rent thereafter during the pendency of such holdover, and otherwise subject to the terms, covenants and conditions of this Lease, including without limitation the payment of Real 13 Property Taxes, insurance premiums, utility charges and all other amounts (either directly to third parties or to Landlord) required hereunder. Acceptance by Landlord of Rent after such expiration or earlier termination shall not constitute a consent to a holdover hereunder or result in a renewal. The foregoing provisions of this Paragraph 10 are in addition to and do not affect Landlord's right of re-entry or any rights of Landlord hereunder or as otherwise provided by law. If Tenant fails to surrender the Premises upon the expiration of this Lease despite demand to do so by Landlord, Tenant shall indemnify and hold Landlord harmless from all loss or liability arising out of such failure, including without limitation, any claim made by any succeeding tenant founded on or resulting from such failure to surrender. No provision of this paragraph 10 shall be construed as implied consent by Landlord to any holding over by Tenant. Landlord expressly reserves the right to require Tenant to surrender possession of the Premises to Landlord as provided in this Lease upon expiration or other termination of this Lease. The provisions of this paragraph 10 shall not be considered to limit or constitute a waiver of any other rights or remedies of Landlord provided in this Lease or at law. 11. [Intentionally Left Blank]. 12. Condition of Premises. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, Tenant acknowledges that neither Landlord nor any agent of Landlord has made any representation or warranty of any kind whatsoever with respect to the Premises or the Building or with respect to the suitability of either for the conduct of Tenant's business. Tenant acknowledges and agrees that Tenant is relying solely upon Tenant's own inspection of the Premises, and Tenant is not relying on any representation or warranty from the Landlord regarding the Premises or the Building, except as specifically set forth in this Lease or the Work Letter, including, without limitation, any representation or warranty as to the physical condition, design or layout of the Premises. 13. Alterations. 13.1 Tenant may, at any time and from time to time during the Term of this Lease, at its sole cost and expense, make alterations, additions, installations, substitutions, improvements and decorations (hereinafter collectively called "Changes" and individually, a "Change") in and to the Premises, excluding structural changes, on the following conditions, and providing such Changes will not result in a violation of any law applicable to the Premises, or affect adversely Landlord's right to use the Site in accordance with the Final Use Approval: (a.) The outside appearance, character or use of the Building shall not be affected adversely, and no Changes shall weaken or impair the structural strength or, in the reasonable opinion of Landlord, lessen the value of the Building or create the potential for unusual expenses to be incurred upon the removal of Changes and the restoration of the Premises upon the termination of this Lease. (b.) No part of the Building outside of the Premises shall be physically affected. (c.) The proper functioning of any of the mechanical, electrical, sanitary and other service systems or installations of the Building ("Service Facilities") shall not be adversely affected and there shall be no construction which might interfere with Landlord's free access to the Service 14 Facilities or interfere with the moving of Landlord's equipment to or from the enclosures containing the Service Facilities. (d.) In performing the work involved in making such Changes, Tenant shall be bound by and observe all of the conditions and covenants contained in this Paragraph. (e.) All work shall be done at such times and in such manner as Landlord from time to time may reasonably designate. (f.) At the date upon which the Term of this Lease shall end, or the date of any earlier termination of this Lease, Tenant shall on Landlord's written request restore the Premises to their condition prior to the making of any Changes permitted by this Paragraph, reasonable wear and tear excepted; provided, however, that Tenant shall have the right at the time Tenant seeks Landlord's consent to a Change to require Landlord to then state in writing whether or not Landlord will require the Change to be removed, and the Premises restored, at the expiration of the Term or earlier termination of this Lease. In no event shall Tenant be responsible for removing the Base Building Work or Tenant's Improvements constructed at the Premises pursuant to the Work Letter. If Tenant fails to complete the restoration before the latter of (i) expiration of the Term; or (ii) thirty (30) days following the written notice from Landlord requesting the restoration, Landlord may complete the restoration and charge the cost of the restoration to Tenant. In no event shall Tenant be required to remove any of the Work contemplated by the Work Letter. 13.2 Before proceeding with any Change (exclusive only of changes to items constituting Tenant's personal property), Tenant shall submit to Landlord plans and specifications for the work to be done, which shall in all cases require Landlord's prior written approval, which approval shall not be withheld unreasonably. Landlord may confer with consultants in connection with the review of such plans and specifications. If Landlord or such consultant(s) shall disapprove of any of Tenant's plans, Tenant shall be advised of the reasons of such disapproval. In any event, Tenant agrees to pay to Landlord, as additional Rent, the reasonable cost of such consultation and review (but not in excess of $3,500.00) immediately upon receipt of invoices either from Landlord or such consultant(s). Any Change for which approval has been received shall be performed strictly in accordance with the approved plans and specifications, and no material amendments or additions to such plans and specifications shall be made without the prior written consent of Landlord. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Tenant shall be entitled to make non-structural, interior Changes to the Premises which do not exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) in cost, in the aggregate over the duration of the Term, without Landlord's prior written consent provided that such Changes (i) shall be subject to the other provisions of this Paragraph, including without limitation the removal provisions of Paragraph 13.1(f), and (ii) Landlord shall be given prior written notice of such Changes. 13.3 If the proposed Change requires approval by or notice to the lessor of a superior lease or the holder of a mortgage, no Change shall be commenced until such approval has been received, or such notice has been given, as the case may be, and all applicable conditions and provisions of said superior lease or mortgage with respect to the proposed Change or alteration have been met or complied with at Tenant's expense; and Landlord, if it approves the Change, will request such approval or give such notice, as the case may be. 15 13.4 Tenant shall submit to Landlord the name and address of each contractor intended to be used by Tenant in connection with construction of Changes. No contractor which is reasonably unacceptable to Landlord shall be engaged by Tenant. All costs and expenses incurred in Changes shall be paid timely by Tenant. If Landlord approves the construction of specific interior improvements in the Premises by contractors or mechanics selected by Tenant and approved by Landlord, then Tenant's contractors shall obtain on behalf of Tenant and at Tenant's sole cost and expense, (i) all necessary governmental permits and certificates for the commencement and prosecution of Tenant's Changes and for final approval thereof upon completion, and (ii) at Landlord's request, a completion and lien indemnity bond, or other surety, satisfactory to Landlord, for Changes which require Landlord's prior approval. In the event Tenant shall request any changes in the work to be performed after the submission of the plans referred to in this Paragraph 13, such additional changes shall be subject to the same approvals and notices as the changes initially submitted by Tenant. 13.5 All Changes and the performance thereof shall at all times comply with (i) all laws, rules, orders, ordinances, directions, regulations and requirements of all governmental authorities, agencies, offices, departments, bureaus and boards having jurisdiction thereof, (ii) all rules, orders, directions, regulations and requirements of the Pacific Fire Rating Bureau, or of any similar insurance body or bodies, and (iii) all rules and regulations of Landlord, and Tenant shall cause Changes to be performed in compliance therewith and in good and first class workmanlike manner, using materials and equipment at least equal in quality and class to the installations of the Building. Changes shall be performed in such manner as not to impose any additional expense upon Landlord in construction, maintenance or operation of the Building, and shall be performed by Contractors or mechanics reasonably approved by Landlord and submitted to Tenant pursuant to this Paragraph, who shall coordinate their work in cooperation with any other work being performed with respect to the Building. Throughout the performance of Changes, Tenant, at its expense, shall carry, or cause to be carried, workmen's compensation insurance in statutory limits, and general liability insurance for any occurrence in or about the Building, of which Landlord and its managing agent shall be named as parties insured, in such limits as Landlord may reasonably prescribe, with insurers reasonably satisfactory to Landlord all in compliance with Subparagraph 20.2. Notwithstanding any provision of this Lease to the contrary, in no event shall Landlord be required to undertake any alteration or any improvements of any kind whatsoever in connection with the Premises or the Building as a result of or in connection with any Changes being made by Tenant and specifically, but without limitation, Landlord shall not be required to make any improvements or alteration of any kind whatsoever in order to comply with any applicable laws, orders, ordinances, regulations or building codes which may be required in connection with Changes being made by Tenant. 13.6 Tenant further covenants and agrees that any mechanic's lien filed against the Premises or against the Building for work claimed to have been done for, or materials claimed to have been furnished to Tenant, will be discharged by Tenant, by bond or otherwise, within ten (10) days after the filing thereof, at the cost and expense of Tenant. All alterations, decorations, additions or improvements upon the Premises, made by either party, including (without limiting the generality of the foregoing) all wall covering, built-in cabinet work, paneling and the like, shall, unless Landlord elects otherwise, become the property of Landlord, and shall remain upon, and be surrendered with the Premises, as a part thereof, at the end of the Term hereof, except that Landlord may by written notice to Tenant, given at least thirty (30) days prior to the end of the Term, require Tenant to remove all partitions, counters, railings and the like installed by Tenant, and Tenant shall repair any 16 damage to the Premises arising from such removal or, at Landlord's option, shall pay to the Landlord all of Landlord's costs of such removal and repair. Notwithstanding the sentence immediately above, Tenant shall not be required to remove or restore any Changes which Landlord agreed in accordance with the provisions of Subparagraph 13.1(f) need not be removed or restored. 13.7 All articles of personal property and all business and trade fixtures, machinery and equipment, furniture and movable partitions owned by Tenant or installed by Tenant at its expense in the Premises shall be and remain the property of Tenant and may be removed by Tenant at any time during the Term provided Tenant is not in default hereunder, and provided further that Tenant shall repair any damage caused by such removal. If Tenant shall fail to remove all of its effects from said Premises upon termination of this Lease for any cause whatsoever, Landlord may, at its option, remove the same in any manner that Landlord shall choose, and store said effects without liability to Tenant for loss thereof, and Tenant agrees to pay Landlord upon demand any and all expenses incurred in such removal, including court costs and attorneys' fees and storage charges on such effects for any length of time that the same shall be in Landlord's possession or Landlord may, at its option, without notice, sell said effects, or any of the same, at private sale and without legal process, for such price as Landlord may obtain and apply the proceeds of such sale upon any amounts due under this Lease from Tenant to Landlord and upon the expense incident to the removal and sale of said effects. 13.8 Subject to Landlord's agreement to minimize any disturbance of Tenant's use of the Premises, Landlord reserves the right at any time and from time to time without the same constituting an actual or constructive eviction and without incurring any liability to Tenant therefor or otherwise affecting Tenant's obligations under this Lease, to make such changes, alterations, additions, improvements, repairs or replacements in or to the Site or the Building (including the Premises if required so to do by any law or regulation) and the fixtures and equipment thereof, as well as in or to the street entrances, halls, passages and stairways thereof, and/or to change the name by which the Building is commonly known, as Landlord may deem necessary or desirable. Nothing contained in this Paragraph 13, shall be deemed to relieve Tenant of any duty, obligation or liability of Tenant with respect to making any repair, replacement or improvement or complying with any law, order or requirement of any government or other authority and nothing contained in this Paragraph 13, shall be deemed or construed to impose upon Landlord any obligation, responsibility or liability whatsoever, for the care, supervision of repair of the Building or any part thereof other than as otherwise provided in this Lease. 13.9 The construction of the improvements to the Premises to be constructed pursuant to the provisions of the Work Letter attached to this Lease as Exhibit D (if any) shall be governed by the terms of such Work Letter to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Paragraph 13. 13.10 Upon completion of any Changes, Tenant shall provide Landlord with a set of final "as-built" plans as soon as practical. 14. Repairs and Maintenance. 14.1 Except as otherwise provided in Paragraphs 7, 14.3, 21 and/or 22, Tenant shall, at Tenant's sole cost and expense, maintain and preserve in good condition, and repair and replace as 17 necessary, each and every part, system and facility serving or comprising the Premises, including by way of example and without limitation all restroom and kitchen facilities, heating and air conditioning systems, plumbing and electrical systems, parking lot surfaces, glass and windows, wall, ceiling and floor surfaces and each and every other component of the Premises. In the event that Tenant is obligated to replace the air conditioning and/or heating system serving the Premises or any major components thereof during the last two (2) years of the Term, and the useful life of the system or components to be replaced will exceed the remaining Term, Tenant may require that Landlord make the needed replacements, in which event the cost thereof shall be amortized over the useful life of the replaced system or components and Tenant shall thereafter pay to Landlord, along with monthly installments of Rent, the monthly amortized portion of the cost of said replaced items together with interest on the unamortized portion at the prevailing rate available to Landlord from commercial banks. 14.2 All maintenance and repairs shall be performed by contractors reasonably acceptable to Landlord. All costs and expenses incurred in such maintenance and repair shall be paid timely by Tenant. Landlord shall reasonably cooperate with Tenant (including assignment thereof) to allow Tenant to avail itself of any contractor warranties which may exist with respect to the construction of Base Building Work contemplated by the Work Letter. Tenant shall upon the expiration or sooner termination of the Term surrender the Premises to Landlord in good condition, reasonable wear and tear excepted. Landlord shall have no obligation to alter, remodel, improve, repair, decorate or paint the Premises or any part thereof (except as provided in the Work Letter), and the parties hereto affirm that Landlord has made no representations to Tenant respecting the condition of the Premises or the Building except as specifically herein set forth. Notwithstanding anything set forth above in this Paragraph to the contrary, Tenant shall have no obligation to install, maintain or repair any of the structural elements or systems of the Building (including the roof), unless such work is required due to Tenant's specific use or misuse of the Premises (subject to the waiver of subrogation provisions of Paragraph 20.6). 14.3 Landlord shall, at Landlord's sole cost and expense, repair and maintain the structural components of the Building (including without limitation the exterior and other load bearing walls, footings, columns, structural floors and foundations), and shall be responsible for all major repairs to and replacement of the roof surface, unless such maintenance and repairs are caused in part or in whole by the act, neglect, fault of or omission of any duty of Tenant, its agents, servants, employees or invitees, in which case Tenant shall pay to Landlord as additional Rent, the reasonable cost of such maintenance and repairs (unless the same are covered by insurance required to be maintained by Landlord or Tenant pursuant to Paragraph 20). Tenant shall solely be responsible for any roofing membrane maintenance or repairs necessitated by Tenant's penetration of the roof for the purpose of installing any equipment, antennae or other devices. Landlord shall not be liable for any failure to make any repairs, or to perform any maintenance, required of Landlord unless such failure shall persist for an unreasonable time after written notice of the need of such repairs or maintenance is given to Landlord by Tenant. In the event of an emergency, Tenant shall have the right to make necessary repairs which would otherwise be Landlord's responsibility and obtain reimbursement from Landlord for the reasonable costs of such repairs; provided, however, that Tenant shall first use commercially reasonable efforts to notify Landlord and allow Landlord the opportunity to effect such repairs. Except as provided in Paragraphs 21 and 22, there shall be no abatement of Rent and no liability of Landlord by reason of any injury to or interference with Tenant's business arising from the making of any repairs, alterations or improvements in or to 18 any portion of the Building or the Premises or in or to fixtures, appurtenances and equipment therein. Tenant hereby waives the provisions of California Civil Code Sections 1932(1), 1941 and 1942 and of any similar law, statute or ordinance now or hereafter in effect. 15. Liens. Tenant shall not permit any mechanic's, material men's or other liens to be filed against the real property of which the Premises form a part nor against the Tenant's leasehold interest in the Premises. Landlord shall have the right at all reasonable times to post and keep posted on the Premises any notices which it deems necessary for protection from such liens. If any such liens are filed, Landlord may, following not less than ten (10) days prior written notice to Tenant and without waiving its rights and remedies based on such breach of Tenant and without releasing Tenant from any of its obligations, cause such liens to be released by any means it shall deem proper, including payment in satisfaction of the claim giving rise to such lien. Tenant shall pay to Landlord at once, upon notice by Landlord, any sum paid by Landlord to remove such liens, together with interest at the maximum rate per annum permitted by law from the date of such payment by Landlord. 16. Entry by Landlord. Subject to Landlord's agreement to use reasonable efforts to minimize any disturbance of Tenant's use of the Premises by exercise of the following rights, Landlord reserves and shall at any and all reasonable times (except in the case of emergency) have the right to enter the Premises to inspect the same, to supply any service to be provided by Landlord to Tenant hereunder, to submit said Premises to prospective purchasers or mortgagors/lenders or, during the last twelve (12) months of the Term of this Lease, to prospective tenants, to post notices of nonresponsibility, to alter, improve or repair the Premises or any other portion of the Building, all without being deemed guilty of any eviction of Tenant and without abatement of Rent, and may, in order to carry out such purposes, erect scaffolding and other necessary structures where reasonably required by the character of the work to be performed, provided that the business of Tenant shall be interfered with as little as is reasonably practicable. Tenant hereby waives any claim for damages for any injury or inconvenience to or interference with Tenant's business, any loss of occupancy or quiet enjoyment of the Premises, and any other loss occasioned thereby. For each of the aforesaid purposes, Landlord shall at all times have and retain a key with which to unlock all of the doors in, upon and about the Premises excluding Tenant's vaults and safes, and Landlord shall have the means which Landlord may deem proper to open said doors in an emergency in order to obtain entry to the Premises, and any entry to the Premises obtained by Landlord by any of said means, or otherwise, shall not under any circumstances be construed or deemed to be a forcible or unlawful entry into, or a detainer of, the Premises, or an eviction of Tenant from the Premises or any portion thereof, and any damages caused on account thereof shall be paid by Tenant. It is understood and agreed that no provision of this Lease shall be construed as obligating Landlord to perform any repairs, alterations or decorations except as otherwise expressly agreed herein to be performed by Landlord. Landlord shall (i) attempt in the exercise of its rights under this Paragraph 16 to minimize any disturbance of Tenant's use and possession of the Premises and to provide as much notice to Tenant as may be reasonably possible prior to any such exercise of Landlord's rights under this Paragraph 16, and (ii) comply with Tenant's reasonable security requirements including the right of Tenant to accompany Landlord while upon the Premises except in the case of emergency. 17. Utilities and Services. Tenant acknowledges that, pursuant to Paragraph 5.3, Tenant is to contract directly for and obtain (and Landlord is to have no responsibility for) certain utilities and services necessary for the operation of the Premises. Landlord shall not be liable for, and Tenant 19 shall not be entitled to any abatement or reduction of Rent by reason of the discontinuation of utilities to the Building where such failure is caused by accident, breakage, repairs, strikes, lockouts or other labor disturbances or labor disputes of any character, or for other causes beyond Landlord's reasonable control; provided, however, that to the extent there is an interruption in utility service resulting from a particular cause which, if the Rent were to abate, such rental abatement would be covered by insurance required to be maintained by Landlord pursuant to Paragraph 20.2(a), then in such event, and to the extent Landlord actually receives payment under such policy, Monthly Basic Rent due hereunder, and all other monetary payments and additional Rent owed by Tenant to Landlord hereunder (but only to the extent Tenant's use thereof has been diminished), shall abate. Additionally, in the event of an interruption of utility services, Landlord shall cooperate with and assist Tenant as reasonably requested by Tenant (and at no more than nominal cost to Landlord) to reestablish such services as soon as is possible. Tenant hereby waives the provisions of California Civil Code Section 1932(1) or any other applicable existing or future law, ordinance or governmental regulation permitting the termination of this Lease due to the interruption or failure of or inability to provide any services required to be provided by Landlord hereunder. 18. Indemnification. 18.1 To the fullest extent permitted by law, and except as caused by Landlord's, or Landlord's agent's, negligence or willful misconduct, Tenant hereby agrees to defend, indemnify, protect and hold Landlord harmless against and from any and all loss, cost, damage or liability arising in whole or in part from Tenant's use of the Premises or the conduct of its business or from any activity, work, or thing done, permitted or suffered by Tenant, its agents, contractors, employees or invitees in or about the Premises or elsewhere, and hereby agrees to further indemnify and hold harmless Landlord against and from any and all loss, cost, damage or liability arising in whole or in part from any breach or default in the performance of any obligation on Tenant's part to be performed under the terms of this Lease or arising from any act, neglect, fault or omission of Tenant, or of its agents, employees or invitees, and from and against all costs, attorneys' fees, expenses and liabilities incurred for such claim or any action or proceeding brought thereon. In case any action or proceeding is brought against Landlord by reason of any such claim, Tenant upon notice from Landlord hereby agrees to defend the same at Tenant's expense by counsel approved in writing by Landlord. Tenant, as a material part of the consideration to Landlord, hereby waives all claims against Landlord (but not against Landlord's agents or any third parties) for damage to property or injury to persons in, upon or about the Premises from any cause whatsoever except that which is caused by Landlord's (or its agent's) gross negligence or intentional misconduct. 18.2 Landlord shall defend and indemnify Tenant and hold it harmless from any loss by reason of injury to person or property to the extent such injury is caused by the gross negligence or intentional misconduct of Landlord, including without limitation any liability or injury to the person or property of Landlord, its officers, directors, partners, employees, agents, invitees or guests. Nothing herein shall relieve Tenant of liability for its own willful acts or negligence. 19. Damage to Tenant's Property. Landlord shall not be liable to Tenant for any damage to property, nor for loss of or damage to any property by theft or otherwise, nor for any injury or damage to persons or property resulting from fire, explosion, falling plaster, steam, gas, electricity, water or rain which may leak from any part of the Building or from the pipes, appliances or plumbing works therein or from the roof, street or sub-surface or from any other place or resulting 20 from dampness or any other patent or latent cause whatsoever, unless such damage is caused by the gross negligence or willful misconduct of Landlord or its agents. Landlord or its agents shall not be liable for interference with the light, air, view or intangible characteristics or qualities of the Premises. Tenant shall give prompt notice to Landlord in case of fire or accidents in the Premises or in the Building or of defects known to Tenant therein or in the fixtures or equipment located therein. Further, neither Landlord nor any partner, director, officer, agent, servant or employee of Landlord shall be liable: (i) for any such damage caused by any persons in, upon or about the Building, or caused by operations in the construction of any private, public or quasi-public work (the limitations of liability set forth in this clause (i) shall not apply to any damage or liability caused by the gross negligence or intentional misconduct of Landlord or its agents); or (ii) for consequential damages, including lost profits, of Tenant or any person claiming through or under Tenant. 20. Insurance. 20.1 During the Term hereof, Tenant, at its sole expense, shall obtain and keep in force the following insurance: (a.) Commercial general liability insurance designating Landlord as a named insured against any and all claims for bodily injury and property damage occurring in, or about the Premises (including without limitation damage or injury to vehicles or persons in the parking lot located on the Site) arising out of Tenant's use and occupancy of the Premises. Such insurance shall have a combined single limit of not less than Three Million Dollars ($3,000,000) per occurrence with a Ten Million Dollar ($10,000,000) aggregate limit. Such liability insurance shall be primary and not contributing to any insurance available to Landlord and any insurance maintained by Landlord shall be excess thereto. In no event shall the limits of such insurance be considered as limiting the liability of Tenant under this Lease. (b.) Fire and casualty insurance in the name of Landlord and Tenant, with loss payable to Landlord and to any Mortgagee, insuring against loss or damage to the Premises. The amount of such insurance shall be equal to the full replacement cost of the Premises, exclusive of foundations, as the same shall exist from time to time, or the amount required by any lender(s), but in no event more than the commercially reasonable and available insurable value thereof if, by reason of the unique nature or age of the improvements involved, such latter amount is less than full replacement cost. The insurance required by this Paragraph shall, in addition, include coverage for any additional costs resulting from debris removal and reasonable amounts of coverage for the enforcement of any ordinance or law regulating the reconstruction or replacement of any undamaged sections of the Premises required to be demolished, and shall also contain an agreed valuation provision in lieu of any coinsurance clause, waiver of subrogation and inflation guard protection causing an increase in the annual property insurance coverage amount by a factor of not less than the adjusted U.S. Department of Labor Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for the city nearest to where the Premises are located. If such insurance coverage has a deductible clause, then Tenant shall be liable for the full deductible amount. (c.) Personal property insurance insuring all equipment, trade fixtures, inventory, fixtures and personal property located on or in the Premises for perils covered by the causes of loss - special form (all risk) and in addition, coverage for flood, and boiler and machinery (if applicable). 21 Such insurance shall be written on a replacement cost basis in an amount equal to the full replacement value of the aggregate of the foregoing less any applicable deductible. (d.) Workers' compensation insurance in accordance with statutory law. (e.) Loss of income and extra expense insurance in such amounts as will reimburse Tenant for direct or indirect loss of earnings attributable to all perils commonly insured against by prudent tenants or attributable to prevention of access to the Premises or to the Building as result of such perils. (f.) Any other form or forms of insurance as Tenant, Landlord, or Landlord's mortgagees may reasonably require from time to time in form, in amounts, and for insurance risks against which a prudent tenant of a comparable size and in a comparable business would protect itself. 20.2 During the Term hereof (including the Early Occupancy Period), Landlord shall obtain and keep in force the following insurance: (a.) Policies of insurance in the name of Landlord insuring the Building (excluding any property which Tenant is obligated to insure under Subparagraph 20.l(c) hereof and any Changes, but including the Base Building Work and Tenant's Improvements) against damage caused by earthquake or flood, if the Premises is within a designated flood zone. Landlord may, but shall not be obligated to, obtain and carry any other form or forms of insurance as it or Landlord's mortgagees may determine advisable. Notwithstanding any contribution by Tenant to the cost of insurance premiums, as provided herein, Tenant acknowledges that it has no right to receive any proceeds from any insurance policies carried by Landlord. Except for such costs related to the Early Occupancy Period, Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for the cost of all such insurance within twenty (20) days of receipt of an invoice therefor. Tenant shall be responsible for the payment of any deductible amount in connection with any such policies carried by Landlord; provided, however, that Tenant's obligation to pay the deductible in connection with an earthquake policy shall decrease by 10% upon expiration of each lease year of the Term (Tenant shall pay 100% of the deductible if a casualty occurs in the first lease year, 90% if the casualty occurs in the second lease year, 80% in the third lease year, etc.), and Landlord shall be responsible for the payment of the balance of any deductible. (b.) Policies of insurance in the name of Landlord, with loss payable to Landlord and any Mortgagee, insuring the loss of the full rental or other charges payable by Tenant to Landlord pursuant to this Lease for a period of not less than one year. Such insurance shall provide that in the event that the Lease is terminated by reason of an insured loss, the period of indemnity for such coverage shall be extended beyond the date of the completion of repairs or replacement of the Premises, to provide for one full year's loss of Rent from the date of any such loss. Said insurance shall contain an agreed evaluation provision in lieu of any coinsurance clause, and the amount of coverage shall be adjusted annually to reflect the projected Rent payable by Tenant for the next twelve (12) month period. Tenant shall reimburse Landlord for the cost of all such insurance within twenty (20) days of receipt of an invoice therefor. Tenant shall be liable for any deductible amount in the event of a loss. 22 20.3 The policies required to be maintained by Tenant and Landlord hereunder shall be with companies rated AVIII or better in the most current issue of Best's Insurance Reports. Insurers shall be licensed to do business in the state in which the Premises are located and domiciled in the USA. Any deductible amounts under any insurance policies required hereunder shall not exceed $10,000.00; provided, however, that the deductible with respect to the insurance required pursuant to Paragraph 20.2(b) shall be substantially equal to that amount which is 10% of the full replacement cost of the Building (including Base Building Work and Tenant's Improvements). Certificates of insurance shall be delivered to Landlord prior to the commencement date and annually thereafter at least thirty (30) days prior to the expiration date of the old policy. Tenant shall have the right to provide insurance coverage which it is obligated to carry pursuant to the terms hereof in a blanket policy, provided such blanket policy expressly affords coverage to the Premises and to Landlord as required by this Lease. Each policy of insurance shall provide that Landlord (and any mortgagee) are additional insureds and shall provide notification to Landlord at least thirty (30) days prior to any cancellation or modification to reduce the insurance coverage. Landlord shall have the right to review the limits of coverage maintained by Tenant periodically during the Term, and may request that such limits be increased to commercially reasonable levels consistent with other similar buildings in the area of the Building if a discrepancy is discovered. 20.4 Tenant will not knowingly keep, use, sell, or offer for sale in, or upon, the Premises any article which may be prohibited by any insurance policy periodically in force covering the Building. If Tenant's occupancy or business in, or on, the Premises, whether or not Landlord has consented to the same, results in any increase in premiums for the insurance required or actually carried by Tenant and/or Landlord with respect to the Building, Tenant shall pay any such increase in premiums as additional Rent. In determining whether increased premiums are a result of Tenant's use of the Premises, a schedule issued by the organization computing the insurance rate on the Building or the Premises showing the various components of such rate, shall be conclusive evidence of the several items and charges which make up such rate. Tenant shall promptly comply with all reasonable requirements of the insurance authority or any present or future insurer relating to the Premises. 20.5 If any insurance policy required to be maintained by Tenant shall be canceled or cancellation shall be threatened or the coverage thereunder reduced or threatened to be reduced in any way because of the specific use of the Premises or any part thereof by Tenant or any assignee or sub-tenant of Tenant or by anyone Tenant permits on the Premises and, if Tenant fails to remedy the condition giving rise to such cancellation, threatened cancellation, reduction of coverage, threatened reduction of coverage, increase in premiums, or threatened increase in premiums, within 48 hours after written notice thereof, Landlord may, at its option, enter upon the Premises and attempt to remedy such condition, and Tenant shall promptly pay all costs thereof to Landlord as additional Rent. Landlord shall not be liable for any damage or injury caused to any property of Tenant or of others located on the Premises resulting from such entry. If Landlord is unable, or elects not, to remedy such condition, then Landlord shall have all of the remedies provided for in this Lease in the event of a default by Tenant. 20.6 Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Landlord and Tenant hereby mutually waive their respective rights of recovery against each other for any loss of, or damage to, either parties' property, to the extent that such loss or damage is insured by an insurance policy required to be in effect at the time of such loss or damage. Each party shall obtain any special 23 endorsements, if required by its insurer whereby the insurer waives its rights of subrogation against the other party. 20.7 In the event Tenant does not purchase the insurance required by this Lease or keep the same in full force and effect, Landlord may, but shall not be obligated to purchase the necessary insurance and pay the premium. The Tenant shall repay to Landlord, as additional Rent, the amount so paid promptly upon demand. In addition, Landlord may recover from Tenant and Tenant agrees to pay, as additional Rent, any and all reasonable expense (including attorneys' fees) and damages which Landlord may sustain by reason of the failure to Tenant to obtain and maintain such insurance. 20.8 Prior to commencement of the Early Occupancy Period, Landlord shall be responsible for maintaining the insurance coverages set forth in Paragraphs 20.1(b) and 20.2(a), and shall be responsible for the payment of all premiums for such policies which accrue prior to the Early Occupancy Period. 21. Damage or Destruction. 21.1 In the event that the Premises is damaged by fire or other casualty which is covered under insurance pursuant to the provisions of the foregoing section, Landlord shall restore such damage provided that: (i) the insurance proceeds, plus the amount of any deductible (the payment of which shall be Tenant's responsibility, except to the extent Landlord is responsible for payment of the deductible pursuant to Paragraph 20.2(a)), are sufficient to pay one hundred percent (100%) of the cost of restoration; and (ii) in the reasonable judgment of Landlord, the restoration can be completed within two hundred and seventy (270) days after the date of the damage or casualty under the laws and regulations of the state, federal, county and municipal authorities having jurisdiction. Landlord shall notify Tenant whether or not the Premises will be restored under this section within forty-five (45) days of the occurrence of the casualty. If such conditions apply so as to require Landlord to restore such damage pursuant to this section, this Lease shall continue in full force and effect, unless otherwise agreed to in writing by Landlord and Tenant. Tenant shall be entitled to a proportionate reduction of Rent (to the extent such amounts are covered by rental interruption insurance which Landlord was obligated to maintain pursuant to Paragraph 20.2(b)) at all times during which Tenant's use of the Premises is interrupted, such proportionate reduction to be based on the extent to which the damage and restoration efforts actually interfere with Tenant's business in the Premises. Except as otherwise provided in Paragraph 21.4, 21.6 and subject to Paragraph 24.6, Tenant's right to a reduction of Rent hereunder shall be Tenant's sole and exclusive remedy in connection with any such damage. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Landlord elects to terminate this Lease pursuant to this Subparagraph 21.1, if within thirty (30) days after receipt of Landlord's notice Tenant elects to provide the funds necessary to make up the shortage (or absence) of insurance proceeds and provides Landlord with reasonable assurance thereof, Landlord shall restore the Premises as provided in this Subparagraph provided that the Premises are reasonably subject to restoration within two hundred seventy (270) days following the date on which the casualty occurs. 21.2 In the event that the Premises is damaged by a casualty against which Tenant is not required to maintain insurance pursuant to Paragraph 20, and Landlord is not required to restore such damage in accordance with the provisions of the immediately preceding section, Landlord shall have the option to either (i) repair or restore such damage, with the Lease continuing in full 24 force and effect, but Rent to be proportionately abated as provided above; or (ii) give notice to Tenant at any time within forty-five (45) days after the occurrence of such damage terminating this Lease as of a date to be specified in such notice which date shall not be less than thirty (30) nor more than sixty (60) days after the date on which such notice of termination is given. In the event of the giving of such notice of termination, this Lease shall expire and all interest of Tenant in the Premises shall terminate on the date so specified in such notice and the Rent, reduced by any proportionate reduction in Rent as provided for above, shall be paid to the date of such termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Landlord elects to terminate this Lease pursuant to this Subparagraph 21.2, if within thirty (30) days after receipt of Landlord's notice Tenant elects to provide the funds necessary to make up the shortage (or absence) of insurance proceeds and provides Landlord with reasonable assurance thereof, Landlord shall restore the Premises as provided in this Subparagraph provided that the Premises are reasonably subject to restoration within two hundred seventy (270) days following the date on which the casualty occurs. Tenant in connection with such election, shall have the right to exercise any remaining option(s) to extend the Term provided herein (if any), provided that Tenant otherwise meets all requirements necessary for such exercise. 21.3 Notwithstanding the foregoing, either Landlord or Tenant may terminate this Lease if the Premises is damaged by fire or other casualty (and Landlord's reasonably estimated cost of restoration of the Premises exceeds ten percent (10%) of the then replacement value of the Premises) and such damage or casualty occurs during the last twelve (12) months of the Term of this Lease (or the Term of any renewal option, if applicable) by giving the other notice thereof at any time within thirty (30) days following the occurrence of such damage or casualty. Such notice shall specify the date of such termination, which date shall not be less than thirty (30) nor more than sixty (60) days following the date on which such notice of termination is given. In the event of the giving of such notice of termination, this Lease shall expire and all interest of Tenant in the Premises shall terminate on the date so specified in such notice and the Rent shall be paid to the date of such termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing to the contrary, Landlord shall not have the right to terminate this Lease if damage or casualty occurs during the last twelve (12) months of the Term if Tenant timely exercises its option to extend the Term of this Lease (if any) within twenty (20) days after the date of such damage or casualty. 21.4 In the event that the destruction to the Premises cannot be restored as required herein under applicable laws and regulations within two hundred seventy (270) days of the damage or casualty, notwithstanding the availability of insurance proceeds, either party shall have the right to terminate this Lease by giving the other notice thereof within thirty (30) days of date of the occurrence of such casualty specifying the date of termination which shall not be less than thirty (30) days nor more than sixty (60) days following the date on which such notice of termination is given. In the event of the giving of such notice of termination, this Lease shall expire and all interest of Tenant in the Premises shall terminate on the date so specified in such notice and the Rent, reduced by any proportionate reduction in Rent as provided for above, shall be paid to the date of such termination. 21.5 Upon any termination of this Lease under any of the provisions of this Paragraph 21, the parties shall be released thereby without further obligation to the other from the date possession of the Premises is surrendered to Landlord, except for (i) items which have already accrued and are then unpaid by Tenant under the Lease, (ii) any prepaid (and unearned) Monthly Basic Rent or 25 unused security deposit amounts, and (iii) any portion of the costs of the Base Building Work not yet offset against Monthly Basic Rent. 21.6 Tenant shall not be released from any of its obligations under this Lease except to the extent and upon the conditions expressly stated in this Paragraph 21. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Paragraph 21, should Landlord be delayed or prevented from repairing or restoring the damaged Premises within one (1) year after the occurrence of such damage or destruction by reason of acts of God, war, governmental restrictions, inability to procure the necessary labor or materials, or other cause or force majeure beyond the control of Landlord, such one (1) year period shall be extended by one day for each day completion of the work to restore the Premises is delayed thereby. Upon expiration of the one (1) year period for reconstruction (as the same may be extend by force majeure), and provided such reconstruction is not then substantially complete, Tenant may give Landlord written notice terminating this Lease, and in the event Landlord does not substantially complete the reconstruction of the Premises within sixty (60) days of receipt of such notice, this Lease shall terminate. 21.7 If Landlord is obligated to or elects to repair or restore as herein provided, Landlord shall be obligated to make repairs or restoration only of those portions of the Building and the Premises which constituted the Work (as defined in the Work Letter), or which were insured by either party and the proceeds of such insurance have been received by Landlord. The repair and restoration of items not provided at Landlord's expense shall be the obligation of Tenant. 21.8 Tenant hereby waives California Civil Code Sections 1932(2) and 1933(4), providing for termination of hiring upon destruction of the thing hired and Sections 1941 and 1942, providing for repairs to and of premises. 22. Eminent Domain. 22.1 In case the whole of the Site (including the Building and all parking areas located on the Site), or such part thereof as shall substantially interfere with Tenant's use and occupancy thereof, shall be taken for any public or quasi-public purpose by any lawful power or authority by exercise of the right of appropriation, condemnation or eminent domain, or sold to prevent such taking, either party shall have the right to terminate this Lease effective as of the date possession is required to be surrendered to said authority. Tenant shall not assert any claim against Landlord or the taking authority for any compensation because of such taking (provided that Tenant may present a separate claim for Tenant's relocation costs, lost personal property and the unamortized portion of any leasehold improvements performed by Tenant other than the Work (as defined in the Work Letter), so long as such claim does not diminish any award otherwise available to Landlord), and Landlord shall be entitled to receive the entire amount of any award without deduction for any estate or interest of Tenant. In the event the amount of property or the type of estate taken shall not substantially interfere with the conduct of Tenant's business, Landlord shall be entitled to the entire amount of the award without deduction for any estate or interest of Tenant. If this Lease is not so terminated, Landlord shall promptly proceed to restore the Premises to substantially their same condition prior to such partial taking, and a proportionate allowance shall be made to Tenant for the Rent corresponding to the time during which, and to the part of the Premises of which, Tenant shall be so deprived on account of such taking and restoration. Nothing contained in this Paragraph shall be deemed to give Landlord any interest in any award separately made to Tenant for the taking of 26 personal property and trade fixtures belonging to Tenant, for the loss of Tenant's goodwill or for moving costs incurred by Tenant in relocating Tenant's business. 22.2 In the event of taking of the Premises or any part thereof for temporary use, (i) this Lease shall be and remain unaffected thereby and Rent shall not abate, and (ii) Tenant shall be entitled to receive for itself such portion or portions of any award made for such use with respect to the period of the taking which is within the Term, provided that if such taking shall remain in force at the expiration or earlier termination of this Lease, Tenant shall then pay to Landlord a sum equal to the reasonable cost of performing Tenant's obligations under Paragraph 14 with respect to surrender of the Premises and upon such payment shall be excused from such obligations. For purpose of this Subparagraph 22.2, a temporary taking shall be defined as a taking for a period of 270 days or less. 22.3 Landlord and Tenant each hereby waive the provisions of California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1265.130 and any other applicable existing or future law, ordinance or governmental regulation providing for, or allowing either party to petition the courts of the state of California for, a termination of this lease upon a partial taking of the Premises and/or the Building. 23. Bankruptcy. If Tenant shall file a petition in bankruptcy under any Chapter of federal bankruptcy law as then in effect, or if Tenant be adjudicated a bankrupt in involuntary bankruptcy proceedings and such adjudication shall not have been vacated within sixty (60) days from the date thereof, or if a receiver or trustee be appointed of Tenant's property and the order appointing such receiver or trustee not be set aside or vacated within sixty (60) days after the entry thereof, or if Tenant shall assign Tenant's estate or effects for the benefit of creditors, or if this Lease shall otherwise by operation of law pass to any person or persons other than Tenant, then and in any such event Landlord may, if Landlord so elects, with or without notice of such election and with or without entry or action by Landlord, forthwith terminate this Lease to the extent allowed by applicable law. Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Lease, Landlord, in addition to any and all rights and remedies allowed by law or equity, shall upon such termination be entitled to recover damages in the amount provided in Subparagraph 24.2 below and neither Tenant nor any person claiming through or under Tenant or by virtue of any statute or order of any court shall be entitled to possession of the Premises but shall forthwith quit and surrender the Premises to Landlord. Nothing herein contained shall limit or prejudice the right of Landlord to prove and obtain as damages by reason of any such termination an amount equal to the maximum allowed by any statute or rule of law in effect at the time when, and governing the proceedings in which, such damages are to be proved, whether or not such amount be greater, equal to, or less than the amount of damages recoverable under the provisions of this Paragraph 23. 24. Defaults and Remedies. 24.1 The occurrence of any one or more of the following events shall constitute a default hereunder by Tenant: (a.) The abandonment of the Premises by Tenant. Abandonment is herein defined to include, but is not limited, to, any absence by Tenant from the Premises for fourteen (14) consecutive days or more without paying Rent and providing reasonably adequate security for the Premises. 27 (b.) The failure by Tenant to make any payment of Monthly Basic Rent, additional Rent or any other payment required to be made by Tenant hereunder as and when due, where such failure continues for a period of five (5) days after written notice thereof from Landlord to Tenant; provided, however, that any such notice shall be in lieu of, and not in addition to, any notice required under California Code of Civil Procedure 1161 (provided such notice is prepared and delivered to Tenant in compliance with Section 1161). (c.) The failure by Tenant to observe or perform any of the express or implied covenants or provisions of this Lease to be observed or performed by Tenant, other than as specified in Subparagraph 24.1(a) or 24.1(b) above, where such failure shall continue for a period of ten (10) days after written notice thereof from Landlord to Tenant; provided, however, that any such notice shall be in lieu of, and not in addition to, any notice required under California Code of Civil Procedure 1161 (provided such notice is prepared and delivered to Tenant in compliance with Section 1161); provided, further, that if the nature of Tenant's default is such that more than ten (10) days are reasonably required for its cure, then Tenant shall not be deemed to be in default if Tenant shall commence such cure within said ten-day period and thereafter diligently and without interruption prosecute such cure to completion. (d.) (1) The making by Tenant of any general assignment for the benefit of creditors; (2) the filing by or against Tenant of a petition to have Tenant adjudged a bankrupt or a petition for reorganization or arrangement under any law relating to bankruptcy (unless, in the case of a petition filed against Tenant, the same is dismissed within sixty (60) days); (3) the appointment of a trustee or receiver to take possession of substantially all of Tenant's assets located at the Premises or of Tenant's interest in this Lease, where possession is not restored to Tenant within sixty (60) days; or (4) the attachment, execution or other judicial seizure of substantially all of Tenant's assets located at the Premises or of Tenant's interest in this Lease where such seizure is not discharged within sixty (60) days. 24.2 In the event of any such default by Tenant, in addition to any other remedies available to Landlord at law or in equity, Landlord shall have the immediate option to terminate this Lease and all rights of Tenant hereunder. Upon such termination of Tenant's right to possession of the Premises, this Lease shall terminate and Landlord shall be entitled to recover damages from Tenant as provided in California Civil Code Section 1951.2 or any other applicable existing or future law, ordinance or regulation providing for recovery of damages for such breach, including but not limited to the following: (a.) the worth at the time of award of any unpaid Rent which had been earned at the time of such termination; plus (b.) the worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid Rent which would have been earned after termination until the time of award exceeds the amount of such rental loss that Tenant proves could have been reasonably avoided; plus (c.) the worth at the time of award of the amount by which the unpaid Rent for the balance of the Term after the time of award exceeds the amount of such rental loss that Tenant proves could be reasonably avoided; plus 28 (d.) any other amount necessary to compensate Landlord for all the detriment proximately caused by Tenant's failure to perform his obligations under this Lease or which in the ordinary course of things would be likely to result therefrom. As used in Subparagraphs 24.2(a) and 24.2(b) above, the "worth at the time of award" is computed by allowing interest at the maximum rate permitted by law per annum. As used in Subparagraph 24.2(c) above, the Worth at the time of awards is computed by discounting to present value at the time of the award such amount at the discount rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco at the time of award plus one percent (1%). 24.3 If a default exists under this Lease, Landlord shall also have the remedy described in California Civil Code Section 1951.4 (Landlord may continue this Lease in effect after Tenant has breached this Lease and abandoned the Premises and recover Rent as it becomes due; provided, however that Tenant has the right to sublet or assign this Lease, subject only to reasonable limitations). Acts of maintenance or preservation or efforts to relet the Premises or the appointment of a receiver upon initiative of Landlord to protect Landlord's interest under this Lease shall not constitute a termination of Tenant's right to possession. 24.4 During the continuance of a default, and subject to all applicable due process requirements, Landlord may enter the Premises without terminating this Lease and remove all Tenant's personal property, any Changes and trade fixtures from the Premises and store them at Tenant's risk and expense. If Landlord removes such property from the Premises and stores it at Tenant's risk and expense, and if Tenant fails to pay the cost of such removal and storage after written demand therefor and/or to pay any Rent then due, then after the property has been stored for a period of thirty (30) days or more Landlord may sell such property at public or private sale, in the manner and at such times and places as Landlord deems commercially reasonable following reasonable notice to Tenant of the time and place of such sale. The proceeds of any such sale shall be applied first to the payment of the expenses for removal and storage of the property, the preparation for and the conducting of such sale, and for attorneys' fees and other legal expenses incurred by Landlord in connection therewith; and the balance shall be applied to any past due amount owing hereunder. Tenant hereby waives all claims for damages that may be caused by Landlord's reentering and taking possession of the Premises or removing and storing Tenant's personal property pursuant to this Paragraph 24, and Tenant shall hold Landlord harmless from and against any loss, cost or damage resulting from any such act. No reentry by Landlord shall constitute or be construed as a forcible entry by Landlord. 24.5 All rights, options' and remedies of Landlord contained in this Lease shall be construed and held to be cumulative, and no one of them shall be exclusive of the other, and Landlord shall have the right to pursue any one or all of such remedies or any other remedy or relief which may be provided by law, whether or not stated in this Lease. No waiver of any default of Tenant hereunder shall be implied from any acceptance by Landlord of any Rent or other payments due hereunder or any omission by Landlord to take any action on account of such default if such default persists or is repeated, and no express waiver shall affect defaults other than as specified in said waiver. The consent or approval or Landlord to or of any act by Tenant requiring Landlord's 29 consent or approval shall not be deemed to waive or render unnecessary Landlord's consent or approval to or of any subsequent similar acts by Tenant. 24.6 The failure by Landlord to observe or perform any of the covenants, conditions or provisions of this Lease shall constitute an event of default under the Lease, but only if such failure continues for a period of thirty (30) days after written notice thereof from Tenant to Landlord; provided, however, that if additional time is necessary to cure such default, no event of default shall be deemed to have occurred if Landlord commences to cure the default within thirty (30) days of notice from Tenant and thereafter diligently prosecutes such cure to completion. For purposes of this Paragraph, a cure of the default shall include a reasonable period of time for Landlord to (i) evaluate the alleged event of default, (ii) obtain bids from three or more qualified contractors to perform the work necessary to cure the default (if applicable), (iii) award a contract to a contractor to perform any necessary work to cure the default, and (iv) complete the work to cure the default. In the event of any uncured event of default, then Tenant, at Tenant's option, may thereafter pursue one of the following remedies: (a) perform Landlord's obligation and invoice Landlord for reimbursement for reasonable expenses actually incurred by Tenant, with supporting documentation in form and substance satisfactory to Landlord; provided, however, that Tenant shall have no right to offset the cost thereof against Monthly Basic Rent or other sums payable by Tenant to Landlord hereunder, or (b) institute an action for specific performance and/or other equitable remedies against Landlord in the San Francisco Superior Court. Notwithstanding the foregoing, and without constituting a default on Landlord's part, Tenant shall have the right to perform repairs to the Premises otherwise the responsibility of Landlord if (i) the circumstances can fairly be described as an emergency and the contemplated repairs are necessary to avoid continuing damage to the Building or Tenant's property, and (ii) Tenant gives Landlord advanced notice and a reasonable opportunity to effect the necessary repairs. In such event, Tenant may offset the reasonable costs of such repairs against subsequent Monthly Basic Rent payments. Tenant shall have the further right to offset against subsequent Monthly Basic Rent payments any portion of the cost of the Base Building Work in excess of $4,000,000.00 for which Landlord is required to reimburse Tenant pursuant to Paragraph 1.3.1 of the Work Letter, if such reimbursement is not received by Tenant within the time provided in Paragraph 1.3.1 of the Work Letter. 25. Assignment and Subletting. Tenant shall not voluntarily assign or encumber its interest in this Lease or in the Premises, or sublease all or any part of the Premises, or allow any other person or entity to occupy or use all or any part of the Premises, without first obtaining Landlord's prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. Any assignment, encumbrance or sublease without Landlord's prior written consent shall be voidable, at Landlord's election, and shall constitute a default. For purposes hereof, in the event Tenant is a partnership, a withdrawal or change of partners, or change of ownership of partners, owning more than a fifty percent (50%) interest in the partnership, or if Tenant is a private (as opposed to a public) corporation, any transfer of fifty percent (50%) of its stock, or of voting control of such corporation, shall constitute a voluntary assignment and shall be subject to these provisions. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Paragraph 25 to the contrary, Tenant shall be entitled to assign or sublet all or a portion of its interest in this Lease to an affiliate of Tenant without the prior consent of Landlord provided that (i) Tenant shall continue to be liable following the assignment for the obligations pursuant to this Lease, and (ii) Tenant shall give thirty (30) days prior written notice, along with complete financial information for the affiliate, to Landlord of any such proposed assignment to an affiliate. For purposes hereof, the term "affiliate" shall refer to any entity which (i) directly or indirectly, through 30 one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with Tenant, or (ii) any entity with which or into which Tenant merges or consolidates. No consent to any assignment, encumbrance, or sublease shall constitute a further waiver of the provisions of this Paragraph. No later than thirty (30) days prior to the effective date of the proposed assignment or sublease, Tenant shall notify Landlord in writing of Tenant's intent to assign, encumber, or sublease, the name of the proposed assignee or sublessee, information concerning the financial responsibility of the proposed assignee or sublessee and the terms of the proposed assignment or subletting, and Landlord shall, within twenty (20) days of receipt of such written notice as well as any additional information requested by Landlord concerning the proposed assignee's or sublessee's financial responsibility, either approve or reject the proposed assignment, encumbrance or sublease. Without limiting the instances in which it may be reasonable for Landlord to withhold its consent to an assignment or subletting, Landlord and Tenant acknowledge that it shall be reasonable for Landlord to withhold its consent in the following instances: (i) if at the time consent is requested or at any time prior to the granting of consent, Tenant is in default under this Lease or would be in default under this Lease but for the pendency of any grace or cure period under Paragraph 24 above; (ii) if the proposed assignee or sublessee is a governmental agency; (iii) if, in Landlord's judgment, the use of the Premises by the proposed assignee or sublessee (1) would be inconsistent with Paragraph 7 of this Lease, or (2) would result in more than a reasonable number of occupants per floor; or (iv) if the proposed assignee's or sublessee's credit, character and business or professional standing does not meet the reasonable standards of Landlord. In the event that Landlord shall consent to any assignment or sublease under the provisions of this Paragraph 25, Tenant shall pay Landlord's reasonable processing costs and attorneys' fees incurred in giving such consent. Landlord's consent to any assignment or sublease shall not release or relieve Tenant from its obligations for the full and timely performance of each and every term and condition to be performed by Tenant hereunder. If for any proposed assignment or sublease Tenant receives Rent or other consideration, either initially or over the term of the assignment or sublease, in excess of the Rent and monthly amortization of Transfer Costs (defined below) called for hereunder, or, in case of the sublease of a portion of the Premises, in excess of the monthly amortization of all Transfer Costs and such Rent fairly allocable to such portion, after appropriate adjustments to assure that all other payments called for hereunder are taken into account, Tenant shall, except where such assignee or subtenant is an affiliate of Tenant, pay to Landlord as additional Rent hereunder 50% of the excess of each such payment of Rent or other consideration received by Tenant promptly after its receipt. As used herein, "Transfer Costs" shall mean commercially reasonable brokerage commissions and attorneys' fees incurred by Tenant in negotiating and documenting such assignment or sublease, and such expenses as Landlord shall approve in advance (in Landlord's sole discretion) incurred by Tenant in performing Changes to the Premises reasonably required by the proposed assignee or sublessee, such Transfer Costs to be amortized (without interest) for the purposes of Tenant's recovery of same from excess consideration, on a straight-line basis over the remaining initial Term of this Lease as of the effective date of such assignment or subletting. Landlord's waiver or consent to any assignment or subletting shall not relieve Tenant from any obligation under this Lease.. 26. Quiet Enjoyment. Landlord covenants and agrees with Tenant that upon Tenant paying the Rent required under this Lease and paying all other charges and performing all of the covenants and provisions aforesaid on Tenant's part to be observed and performed under this Lease and subject to 31 the terms and conditions of this Lease, Tenant shall and may peaceably and quietly have, hold and enjoy the Premises in accordance with this Lease. 27. Subordination. Without the necessity of any additional document being executed by Tenant for the purpose of effecting a subordination, and at the election of Landlord or any first mortgagee with a lien on the Building or any ground lessor with respect to the Building, this lease shall be subject and subordinate at all times to: (a) all ground leases or underlying leases which may now exist or hereafter be executed affecting the Building or the land upon which the Building is situated or both, and (b) the lien of any mortgage or deed of trust which may now exist or hereafter be executed in any amount for which the Building, land, ground leases or underlying leases, or Landlord's interest or estate in any of said items is specified as security. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Landlord shall have the right to subordinate or cause to be subordinated any such ground leases or underlying leases or any such liens to this lease. In the event that any ground lease or underlying lease terminates for any reason or any mortgage or deed of trust is foreclosed or a conveyance in lieu of foreclosure is made for any reason, Tenant shall, if requested by the ground lessor, mortgagee or beneficiary, as applicable, attorn to and become the Tenant of the successor in interest to Landlord and in such event Tenant's right to possession of the Premises shall not be disturbed if Tenant is not in default and so long as Tenant shall pay the Rent and all other amounts required to be paid to Landlord pursuant to the terms hereof and observe and perform all of the provisions of this Lease, unless the Lease is otherwise terminated pursuant to its terms. Tenant covenants and agrees to execute and deliver, upon demand by Landlord and in the form reasonably requested by Landlord, any additional documents evidencing the priority or subordination of this Lease with respect to any such ground leases or underlying leases or the lien of any such mortgage or deed of trust, provided that such documents shall contain commercially reasonable non-disturbance provisions such that as long as Tenant observes and performs its obligations as provided hereunder, its possession of the Premises and its rights hereunder will not be disturbed and that, in the event of any foreclosure by such mortgagee or ground lessor, Tenant's leasehold interest hereunder shall not be terminated. Should Tenant fail to sign and return any such documents within ten (10) business days of receipt, Tenant shall be in default, and Landlord may, at Landlord's option, terminate this Lease provided written notice of such termination is received by Tenant prior to Landlord's receipt of such documents. Within ninety (90) days of execution of this Lease, Landlord shall obtain from all existing mortgagees and ground lessors a commercially reasonable Subordination, Nondisturbance and Attornment Agreement. Landlord shall also obtain (and Tenant shall also execute) such documentation with respect to any future mortgagees or ground lessors of the Site. Within ninety (90) days of execution of this Lease, Landlord shall obtain a commercially reasonable Subordination, Nondisturbance and Attornment Agreement from all other parties with "of record" lien or leasehold rights in the Site, or shall cause the recordation of such documentation as may be reasonably acceptable to Fidelity National Title Company to remove such matters from the title to the Site. 28. Estoppel Certificate. 28.1 Within ten (10) business days following any written request which Landlord may make from time to time, Tenant shall execute and deliver to Landlord a statement, in a form substantially similar to the form of Exhibit C attached hereto, certifying; (i) the Commencement Date of this Lease; (ii) the fact that this Lease is unmodified and in full force and effect (or, if there have been modifications hereto, that this Lease is in full force and effect, as modified, and stating the date and nature of such modifications); (iii) the date to which the rental and other sums payable 32 under this Lease have been paid; (iv) the fact that there are no current defaults under this Lease by either Landlord or Tenant except as specified in such statement; and (v) such other matters reasonably requested by the requesting party. Landlord and Tenant intend that any statement delivered pursuant to this Paragraph 28 may be relied upon by any mortgagee, beneficiary, purchaser or prospective purchaser of the Building or any interest therein. 28.2 Tenant's failure to deliver such statement within such time shall be conclusive upon Tenant (i) that this Lease is in full force and effect, without modification except as may be represented by Landlord, (ii) that there are no uncured defaults in the requesting party's performance, and (iii) that not more than one (1) month's Rent has been paid in advance. If Tenant fails to deliver said statement to Landlord within ten (10) business days of receipt of a written request therefor, such failure shall, without the requirement of any future notice or any further grace period, constitute a default under this Lease pursuant to Paragraph 24.1(c). 29. Conflict of Laws. This Lease shall be governed by and construed pursuant to the laws of the State of California. 30. Successors and Assigns. Except as otherwise provided in this Lease, all of the covenants, conditions and provisions of this Lease shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal representative, successors and assigns. 31. Surrender of Premises. The voluntary or other surrender of this Lease by Tenant, or a mutual cancellation thereof, shall not work a merger, and shall, at the option of Landlord, operate as an assignment to it of any or all subleases or subtenancies. Upon the expiration or termination of this Lease, Tenant shall peaceably surrender the Premises and all alterations and additions (except as otherwise provided in Paragraph 13) thereto broom-clean, in good order, repair and condition, reasonable wear and tear excepted. The delivery of keys to any employee of Landlord or to Landlord's agent or any employee thereof shall not be sufficient to constitute a termination of this Lease or a surrender of the Premises. 32. Professional Fees. 32.1 In the event that Landlord or Tenant should bring suit for the possession of the Premises, for the recovery of any sum due under this Lease, or because of the breach of any provisions of this Lease, or for any other relief against Tenant or Landlord hereunder, or should either party bring suit against the other with respect to matters arising from or growing out of this Lease, then all costs and expenses, including without limitation, its reasonable professional fees such as appraisers', accountants' and attorneys' fees, incurred by the prevailing party therein shall be paid by the other party, which obligation on the part of the other party shall be deemed to have accrued on the date of the commencement of such action and shall be enforceable whether or not the action is prosecuted to judgment. 32.2 Should Landlord be named as a defendant in any suit brought against Tenant in connection with or arising out of Tenant's occupancy hereunder, and such suit is not based on any negligent or wrongful conduct of Landlord or its agents, Tenant shall pay to Landlord its costs and expenses incurred in such suit as and when incurred, including without limitation, its actual professional fees such as appraiser's, accountants' and attorneys' fees. 33 33. Performance by Tenant. All covenants and agreements to be performed by Tenant under any of the terms of this Lease shall be performed by Tenant at Tenant's sole cost and expense and without any abatement of Rent, except as otherwise provided herein. Tenant acknowledges that the late payment by Tenant to Landlord of any sums due under this Lease will cause Landlord to incur costs not contemplated by this Lease, the exact amount of such cost being extremely difficult and impractical to fix. Such costs include, without limitation, processing and accounting charges, and late charges that may be imposed on Landlord by the terms of any encumbrance and note secured by any encumbrance covering the Premises or the Building of which the Premises are a part. Therefore if any amount due Landlord from Tenant hereunder has not been received on or before the fifth (5th) day after Tenant receives written notice that such amount is past due, Tenant shall pay to Landlord, without notice or demand, as additional Rent, five percent (5 %) of the overdue amount as a late charge. Such overdue amount shall also bear interest, as additional Rent, at the maximum rate permissible by law calculated, as appropriate, from the date of receipt of said notice until the date of payment to Landlord. Landlord's acceptance of any late charge or interest shall not constitute a waiver of Tenant's default with respect to the overdue amount or prevent Landlord from exercising any of the other rights and remedies available to Landlord under this Lease or any law now or hereafter in effect. Further, in the event such late charge is imposed by Landlord for two (2) consecutive months for whatever reason, Landlord shall have the option to require that, beginning with the first payment of Rent due following the imposition of the second consecutive late charge, Rent shall no longer be paid in monthly installments but shall be payable three (3) months in advance. 34. Mortgagee and Senior Lessor Protection. No act or failure to act on the part of Landlord which would entitle Tenant under the terms of this Lease, or by law, to be relieved of Tenant's obligations hereunder or to terminate this Lease, shall result in a release of such obligations or a termination of this Lease unless (a) Tenant has given notice by registered or certified mail to Landlord and to any beneficiary of a deed of trust or mortgage covering the Building and to the lessor under any master or ground lease covering the Building, the Site or any interest therein whose identity and address shall have been furnished to Tenant, and (b) Tenant offers such beneficiary, mortgagee or lessor a reasonable opportunity (but in no event less than thirty (30) days) to cure the default, including time to obtain possession of the Premises by power of sale or of judicial foreclosure, if such should prove necessary to effect a cure. Landlord shall, from time to time, give Tenant written notice of the identity and address of the beneficiary of any deed of trust or mortgage covering the Building and/or the lessor under any master or ground lease. 35. Definition of Landlord. The term "Landlord" as used in this Lease, so far as covenants or obligations on the part of Landlord are concerned, shall be limited to mean, and include only, the owner or owners, at the time in question, of the fee title to, or a lessee's interest in a ground lease of the Site or master lease of the Building. In the event of any transfer, assignment or other conveyance or transfer of any such title or interest, Landlord herein named (and in case of any subsequent transfers or conveyances, the then grantor) shall be automatically freed and relieved from and after the date of such transfer, assignment or conveyance of all liability with respect to the performance of any covenants or obligations on the part of Landlord contained in this Lease thereafter to be performed and, without further agreement, the transferee of such title or interest shall be deemed to have agreed to observe and perform any and all obligations of Landlord hereunder, during its ownership of the Premises. Landlord may transfer its interest in the Premises without the consent 34 of Tenant and such transfer or subsequent transfer shall not be deemed a violation on Landlord's part of any of the terms and conditions of this Lease. 36. Waiver. The failure of either Landlord or Tenant to seek redress for violation of, or to insist upon strict performance of, any term, covenant or condition of this Lease shall not be deemed a waiver of such violation, nor shall any custom or practice which may become established between the parties in the administration of the terms hereof be deemed a waiver of, or in any way affect, the right of either party to insist upon the performance by the other party in strict accordance with said terms. The subsequent acceptance or payment of Rent hereunder by Landlord shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any preceding breach by Tenant of any term, covenant or condition of this Lease, other than the failure of Tenant to pay the particular Rent so accepted, regardless of Landlord's knowledge of such preceding breach at the time of acceptance of such Rent. 37. Terms and Headings. The words "Landlord" and "Tenant" as used herein shall include the plural as well as the singular. Words used in any gender include other genders. If there be more than one Tenant, i.e., if two or more persons or entities are jointly referred to in this Lease as "Tenant," the obligations hereunder imposed upon Tenant shall be joint and several. The Paragraph headings of this Lease are not a part of this Lease and shall have no effect upon the construction or interpretation of any part hereof. Where ever in the Lease Tenant's obligation to return the Premises to Landlord, or to repair or maintain the Premises, excepts or is made subject to "normal wear or tear", or similar qualifying language, any of such Tenant obligations shall also be subject to "damage due to casualty or condemnation", except where the subject damage is materially caused by Tenant's, or Tenant's employees', agents' or invitees' negligence or willful misconduct and is not covered by (i) insurance proceeds actually received by Landlord from policies to be maintained by Tenant during the Term, or (ii) insurance policies to be maintained by Landlord during the Term. 38. Examination of Lease. Submission of this instrument for examination or signature by Tenant does not constitute a reservation of or option for Lease, and it is not effective as a Lease or otherwise until execution by and delivery to both Landlord and Tenant. 39. Time. Time is of the essence with respect to the performance of every provision of this Lease in which time or performance is a factor. 40. Prior Agreement; Amendments. This Lease contains all of the agreements of the parties hereto with respect to any matter covered or mentioned in this Lease, and no prior agreement or understanding, oral or written, express or implied, pertaining to any such matter shall be effective for any purpose. No provision of this Lease may be amended or added to except by an agreement in writing signed by the parties hereto or their respective successors in interest. The parties acknowledge that all prior agreements, representations and negotiations are deemed superseded by the execution of this Lease to the extent they are not incorporated herein. 41. Severability. Any provision of this Lease which shall prove to be invalid, void or illegal in no way affects, impairs or invalidates any other provision hereof, and such other provisions shall remain in full force and effect. 42. Recording. Neither Landlord nor Tenant shall record this Lease nor a short memorandum thereof without the consent of the other and if such recording occurs, it shall be at the sole cost and 35 expense of the party requesting the recording, including any documentary transfer taxes or other expenses related to such recordation. 43. Limitation on Liability. The obligations of Landlord under this Lease do not constitute personal obligations of the individual partners, directors, officers or shareholders of Landlord, and Tenant shall not seek recourse against the individual partners, directors, officers or shareholders of Landlord or any of their personal assets for satisfaction of any liability in respect to this Lease. In consideration of the benefits accruing hereunder, Tenant and all successors and assigns covenant and agree that in the event of any actual or alleged failure, breach or default hereunder by Landlord, the sole and exclusive remedy shall be against Landlord's interest in the Building. 44. Signs. Tenant shall not place any sign upon the Premises or the Building without Landlord's prior written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. All signs shall be constructed, erected and affixed to the Premises at Tenant's sole cost and expense, and Tenant shall be responsible for the removal of such signage, and the repair of any damage to the Building caused thereby, at the end of the Term. All signs shall be in full compliance with all applicable ordinances, statutes and regulations imposed by all applicable governmental authorities. 45. Modification for Lender. If in connection with obtaining construction, interim or permanent financing for the Building, the lender shall request reasonable modifications in this Lease as a condition to such financing, Tenant will not unreasonably withhold, delay or defer its consent thereto, provided that such modifications do not increase the obligations of Tenant hereunder or adversely affect the leasehold interest hereby created or Tenant's rights hereunder. 46. Accord and Satisfaction. No payment by Tenant or receipt by Landlord of a lesser amount than the Rent payment herein stipulated shall be deemed to be other than on account of the Rent, nor shall any endorsement or statement on any check or any letter accompanying any check or payment as Rent be deemed an accord and satisfaction and Landlord may accept such check or payment without prejudice to Landlord's right to recover the balance of such Rent or pursue any other remedy provided in this Lease. Tenant agrees that each of the foregoing covenants and agreements shall be applicable to any covenant or agreement either expressly contained in this lease or imposed by any statute or at common law. 47. Tenant as Corporation. If Tenant executes this Lease as a corporation, then Tenant and the persons executing this Lease on behalf of Tenant represent and warrant that the individuals executing this Lease on Tenant's behalf are duly authorized to execute and deliver this Lease on its behalf in accordance with a duly adopted resolution of the board of directors of Tenant, a copy of which shall be delivered to Landlord within ten (10) days of Landlord's request therefor, and in accordance with the By-Laws of Tenant and that this Lease is binding upon Tenant in accordance with its terms. 48. No Partnership or Joint Venture. Nothing in this Lease shall be deemed to constitute Landlord and Tenant as partners or joint venturers. It is the express intent of the parties hereto that their relationship with regard to this Lease be and remain that of landlord and tenant. 36 49. Landlord Authority. Landlord holds good title to the Premises and the signatories to this Lease on Landlord's behalf are fully empowered to enter into this Lease, and to perform and honor its terms and conditions on behalf of Landlord. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] 37 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Lease the day and year first above written.
LANDLORD: TENANT: Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees Digital Think, Inc., a Delaware corporation of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 By:_____________________________ Name:___________________________ By:___________________________ Its:______________________________ Thomas A. Price, Trustee By:_____________________________ By:____________________________ Name:___________________________ Gwendolyn Price, Trustee Its:______________________________
38 EXHIBIT A FLOOR PLAN [To be attached] 39 EXHIBIT B SAMPLE FORM OF NOTICE OF LEASE TERM DATES To: ________________________________ Date: Re: Lease dated __________________ between ______________________, Tenant, and ____________________________, Landlord, concerning the Premises located at _________________________________. Gentlemen: In accordance with the subject Lease, we wish to advise and/or confirm as follows: 1. That the Premises have been accepted herewith by the Tenant. 2. That the Tenant has possession of the subject Premises and acknowledges that under the provisions of the subject Lease, the Term of said Lease shall commence as of ___________ and shall expire on ___________________. Based on the above-referenced actual Lease Commencement Date and Lease Expiration Date, the Monthly Basic Rent due during the Term shall be as follows: 3. That in accordance with the subject Lease, rental commences to accrue on _______________________, which is the Commencement Date. 4. Rent is due and payable in advance on the first day of each and every month during the Term of said Lease. Your rent checks should be made payable to____________________ at_______________________. AGREED AND ACCEPTED TENANT: LANDLORD: - ------- --------- _____________________________ __________________________________, a ___________________________ a ________________________________ By:__________________________ By:_______________________________ Name:________________________ Name:_____________________________ Its:_________________________ Its:______________________________ 40 EXHIBIT C SAMPLE FORM OF TENANT ESTOPPEL CERTIFICATE The undersigned, ______________________________ ("Landlord"), with a mailing, address c/o _____________________________ and _____________________________ ("Tenant"), hereby certify to _____________________, a ________________________ as follows: 1. Attached hereto is a true, correct and complete copy of that certain lease dated ___________________ between Landlord and Tenant (the "Lease"), which premises are located on the__________ (_____) floor of the Building located at ___________________. The Lease is now in full force and effect and has not been amended, modified or supplemented, except as set forth in Paragraph 4 below. 2. The term of the Lease commenced on _______________________. 3. The term of the Lease shall expire on _______________________. 4. The Lease has: (Initial one) ( ) not been amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed or assigned. ( ) been amended, modified, supplemented, extended, renewed or assigned by the following described agreements, copies of which are attached hereto: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. Tenant has accepted, is now in possession of and is now conducting business in said Premises. 6. Tenant and Landlord acknowledge that the Lease will be assigned to __________ and that no modification, adjustment, revision or cancellation of the Lease or amendments thereto shall be effective unless written consent of is obtained, and that until further notice, payments under the Lease may continue as heretofore. 7. The amount of Monthly Basic Rent is $____________ Monthly Basic Rent shall be increased based upon Operating Expense increases and as follows:_____________________________________. 8. The amount of security deposit (if any) is $ ____________. No other security deposits have been made. 41 9. Tenant is paying the full lease rental, which has been paid in full as of the date hereof. No Rent under the Lease has been paid for more than thirty (30) days in advance of its due date. 10. All Work required to be performed by Landlord under the Lease has been completed and all required contributions by Landlord to Tenant on account of Tenant Improvements have been received. 11. There are no defaults on the part of the Landlord or Tenant under the Lease. 12. Tenant has no defense as to its obligations under the Lease and claims no set-off or counterclaim against Landlord. 13. Tenant has no right to any concessions (rental or otherwise) or similar compensation in connection with renting the space it occupies, except as provided in the Lease. 14. The Lease, amended as noted in Item 4 above, represents the entire agreement between Landlord and Tenant as to this leasing. All provisions of the Lease and the amendments thereto (if any) referred to above are hereby ratified. DATED: _______________________ , 19__ TENANT: LANDLORD: - ------- --------- _____________________________, __________________________________, a ___________________________ a ________________________________ By:__________________________ By:_______________________________ Name:________________________ Name:_____________________________ Its:_________________________ Its:______________________________ 42 EXHIBIT D 601 BRANNAN STREET, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA TENANT WORK LETTER This Tenant Work Letter ("Work Letter") is entered into effective July 17, 2000 and shall set forth the terms and conditions controlling the construction of certain initial improvements to the Premises known as 601 Brannan Street, San Francisco, California. Unless otherwise defined herein, all capitalized terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them in that certain lease between Digital Think, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Tenant") and Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 ("Landlord") dated July 17, 2000 (the "Lease"). SECTION 1 BASE BUILDING WORK 1.1 Scope of Base Building Work. The following work and improvements ("Base Building Work") shall be specified in drawings ("Base Building Drawings") prepared by a licensed, qualified architect and other qualified consultants selected by Landlord (collectively, "Base Building Architect") and shall be constructed by the Contractor (as defined below), subject to the provisions of Paragraph 1.3: 1.1.1 Installation of new roof surface on the rear, brick portion of the Building, as depicted in The Base Building Drawings, and construction of structural roof support system sufficient to support any roof mounted HVAC equipment, as specified in The Base Building Drawings. 1.1.2 Install a ninety (90) ton main HVAC system with supply and return ducting stubbed to each floor of the Building. 1.1.3 Install 3500 amp electrical service into the Building, stubbed to each floor of the Building. 1.1.4 Installation of life-safety systems as required by applicable building codes on an unoccupied basis, including all sprinkler systems, emergency exit systems (including required exit signs, lighting and strobes), fire alarm pull stations, and other required fire safety systems. 1.1.5 Installation of sewer and water line connections to all occupied levels of the Building in the same area as the present ground level restrooms of sufficient capacity for construction of required capacity restrooms. 1.1.6 Performance of all work necessary for the Site and the Building to comply with all applicable seismic regulations, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1980 (except with respect to those compliances associated exclusively with Tenant's Improvements), all applicable path of travel regulations, all covenants, conditions, restrictions and encumbrances ("CC&R's") affecting the Building (if any), all insurance underwriter's requirements (if any), and all rules, regulations, ordinances, laws and building codes (collectively, "Laws"), in effect and requiring compliance with respect to Landlord's Work on the Lease Commencement Date. 43 1.1.7 Installation of all insulation and other improvements necessary to meet Title 24 requirements for existing ceilings and sidewalls. 1.1.8 Installation of the additional floor area as described in Paragraph 1.3 of the Lease, including required concrete floors and an additional two hour fire demising wall where required and in accordance with all applicable building codes. 1.1.9 Demolition of existing ramps to the Building from the parking lot and the leveling and re-paving of that area, the re-striping of the parking lot to accommodate the maximum permissible number of parking stalls. 1.1.10 Level all interior drive-in ramps, and fill in all unneeded roll-up door openings with appropriate materials. 1.2 Construction of the Base Building Work. Tenant, with the reasonable cooperation of Landlord, shall cause the Base Building Work to be constructed by a contractor (the "Contractor") and subcontractors selected in accordance with Paragraph 1.3.1, in accordance with The Base Building Drawings, all applicable CC&R's and Laws, in a good and workmanlike manner, using new materials and equipment of good quality. Tenant shall enter into a commercially reasonable written contract with the Contractor for construction of the Base Building Work, which contract shall be subject to Landlord's reasonable approval. Tenant's representative (designated below) shall serve as the construction manager for the Work; provided, however, that Landlord shall have the right to appoint a separate construction supervisor to assist in the coordination and prosecution of the Base Building Work. Construction of the Base Building Work shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Section 4. 1.3 Payment for Base Building Work; Selection of Contractor/Subcontractors. 1.3.1 Except as provided herein, Tenant shall be responsible for the timely payment to Contractor of all costs associated with the Base Building Work, including without limitation designer, architect and engineer fees, all building, use and occupancy permit(s)/certificate(s), construction inspection charges, labor and material costs, contractor profit, project management costs, and all other construction costs (collectively, "Base Building Costs"). The first $2,000,000.00 in Base Building Costs shall be Tenant's sole financial responsibility. Any Base Building Costs in excess of $2,000,000.00 but less than $4,000,000.00 shall be borne by Tenant and thereafter shall be offset against Monthly Basic Rent in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 4.5 of the Lease. Any Base Building Costs in excess of $4,000,000.00 shall be Landlord's sole financial responsibility ("Landlord's Contribution"), and Landlord shall reimburse Tenant for all such excess Base Building Costs within ten (10) days of receipt of an invoice therefor. Prior to reimbursing Tenant for any portion of Base Building Costs in excess of $4,000,000.00, Landlord shall have the right to request and receive reasonable documentation to verify the Base Building Costs previously incurred, and the Base Building Costs for which Tenant has invoiced Landlord. Landlord and Tenant shall have an affirmative obligation to control and minimize in a commercially reasonable manner the construction costs of the Base Building Work. In this regard, the parties shall solicit the bids of not less than three (3) qualified general contractors in selecting the Contractor, one of which contractors shall be Delcon Construction, Inc. The bidding process shall 44 be "open book", not sealed, and each component of the bids shall be subject to review and evaluation by the parties in connection with the Contractor selection process. Each material component of the Base Building Work (in excess of $100,000.00) to be performed by subcontractor shall also be bid by not less than three (3) qualified specialty subcontractors. Landlord shall have the right to approve the bids of all bidding contractors and subcontractors, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld; provided, however, that it shall be reasonable for Landlord to withhold its consent to a particular subcontractor or contractor if the subcontractor or contractor bid exceeds by ten percent (10%) or more the cost for the same component of the Base Building Work as bid by the low, responsive bidding contractor or subcontractor. Tenant shall have the right to accept the bid of a contractor or subcontractor whose bid exceeds the bid of the lowest bidder in the applicable bid category by 10%, provided the contractor or subcontractor is otherwise reasonably acceptable to Landlord, and provided further that Tenant shall sole be responsible for all costs in excess of the lowest bid plus 10%. 1.3.2 Prior to Landlord's payment of any portion of Landlord's Contribution, Contractor shall furnish Landlord with mechanic's and materialmen's lien waivers, and contractors' and architects' affidavits and statements, applicable to the Base Building Work for which Landlord's Contribution is sought, in such forms as Landlord may reasonably require. Upon substantial completion of the Work, Tenant shall submit to Landlord a detailed breakdown of Tenant's total construction costs regarding the Base Building Work, together with such evidence of payment, including full and final lien waivers from the Contractor and all subcontractors, reasonably satisfactory to Landlord. For purposes of the Lease and this Work Letter, the date of "substantial completion" of the Base Building Work shall mean the date on which (i) Tenant has substantially completed the Base Building Work in accordance with The Base Building Drawings and this Work Letter as certified by Tenant's architect, subject only to completion of finishing details, mechanical adjustments and other normal punch list items, and (ii) all necessary governmental inspections of the Base Building Work have been obtained and approved. Tenant shall give written notice to Landlord of the occurrence of substantial completion of the Base Building Work. Within two (2) business days after the date on which the notice of substantial completion is given by Tenant to Landlord, Tenant, Tenant's Architect (as defined below) and Landlord and Base Building Architect shall conduct a walk through of the Premises setting forth a description of any and all of the Base Building Work remaining to be completed or defective, and requiring repair or replacement as reasonably determined by Tenant's Architect and Base Building Architect. Tenant shall, following the preparation of the punch list, diligently pursue completion and/or repair of the punch list items. 1.4 Remediation of Hazardous Materials. In the event any Hazardous Materials (as defined in Paragraph 7 of the Lease) are discovered at the Site during construction of the Work, Landlord shall solely be responsible, at Landlord's sole cost, for performing all required investigation, monitoring and/or remediation which any applicable governmental agency with jurisdiction may require. SECTION 2 TENANT'S IMPROVEMENTS 2.1 Scope of Tenant's Improvements. The improvements to the Premises and Building as described in the Construction Drawings, which are to be constructed by the Contractor at Tenant's cost, shall be referred to as "Tenant's Improvements". The Base Building Work and 45 Tenant's Improvements are sometimes collectively referred to as the "Work". Tenant shall be responsible for all costs relating to the construction of Tenant's Improvements including space planning, architectural and engineering costs, all costs incurred in connection with permits required for the Tenant's Improvements, all costs incurred in connection with constructing Tenant's Improvements (including without limitation labor, materials and insurance) and any and all other construction costs incurred in connection with construction of Tenant's Improvements. 2.2 Payment for Tenant's Improvements. Landlord shall have the right to request that Tenant provide Landlord with assurances reasonably acceptable to Landlord that Tenant has identified and earmarked sufficient funds for the construction of Tenant's Improvements. Tenant shall cause Tenant's Improvements to be constructed at the Premises in a lien free manner. Landlord shall have the right periodically to require that Tenant deliver copies of lien releases and all other reasonable evidence of Tenant's payment of all costs and expenses associated with the Work. SECTION 3 CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS; SUPERVISION OF WORK 3.1 Selection of Architect/Construction Drawings. Tenant shall select one or more architects ("Tenant's Architect") to prepare the Construction Drawings (as defined below), subject to Landlord's approval, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. Tenant shall enter into a written contract with Tenant's Architect in a form reasonably acceptable to Landlord and shall be responsible for direct payment of all of Tenant's Architect's fees, expenses and liabilities. To the extent required or appropriate, Tenant also shall select engineering consultants reasonably acceptable to Landlord (the "Engineers") to prepare and/or review plans and drawings relating to Tenant's Improvements and shall be responsible for direct payment of all Engineer's fees, expenses and liabilities. The plans and drawings to be prepared by Tenant's Architect and the Engineers hereunder shall be known collectively as the "Construction Drawings". All Construction Drawings, and all subsequent change orders reflecting additions or changes to the scope of Tenant's Improvements (except minor, in-the-field changes), shall be subject to Landlord's written approval, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. Tenant and Tenant's Architect shall verify in the field the actual dimensions and conditions of the Building and the Site, and Tenant and Tenant's Architect shall be solely responsible therefor and shall rely exclusively thereon. Landlord shall cooperate with Tenant and Tenant's Architect and provide them with all relevant plans, drawings and other information concerning the Building in Landlord's possession or control, but Landlord shall have no responsibility whatsoever for determination of the dimensions and conditions of the Building, and makes no representations in connection therewith. Landlord's review of the Construction Drawings as set forth in this Paragraph shall be for its sole purpose and shall not imply Landlord's review of the same, or obligate Landlord to review the same, for quality, design, code compliance or other like matters. Accordingly, notwithstanding that any Construction Drawings are reviewed by Landlord or its architect, engineers and consultants (if any), and notwithstanding any advice or assistance which may be rendered to Tenant by Landlord or Base Building Architect, engineers, and consultants (if any), Landlord shall have no liability whatsoever in connection therewith and shall not be responsible for any omissions or errors contained in the Construction Drawings. Tenant's indemnity obligations set forth in the Lease shall specifically apply to the Construction Drawings. No changes, modifications or alterations in the Construction Drawings may be made without the prior written consent of Landlord, which shall not be unreasonably withheld. 46 3.2 Permits. Prior to the commencement of construction of Tenant's Improvements, Tenant and Contractor, with the assistance and cooperation of Tenant's Architect, shall submit the Construction Drawings as approved by Landlord to the appropriate municipal authorities for all applicable building permits necessary to allow the Contractor to commence and fully complete the construction of Tenant's Improvements (the "Permits"). Landlord shall cooperate with Tenant and Contractor in executing permit applications and performing other ministerial acts reasonably necessary to enable Tenant and Contractor to obtain any such permits or approvals. 3.3 Supervision and Management. Landlord shall hire such construction management professionals as Landlord deems appropriate, subject to the reasonable approval of Tenant, to assist in supervising and coordinating the Base Building Work, and to otherwise represent Landlord's interests in connection with the construction of the Base Building Work. The costs associated with the construction manager shall be borne by Landlord to the extent applicable to Base Building Work (subject to Paragraph 1.3.1). Landlord, at Landlord's sole cost and expense, shall also have the right to hire a construction management professional to protect Landlord's interests in connection with the construction of Tenant's Improvements. Tenant shall cooperate reasonably with Landlord and Landlord's construction manager to allow the construction manager to protect Landlord's interests. SECTION 4 CONSTRUCTION OF TENANT'S IMPROVEMENTS 4.1 Contractor. Tenant shall be entitled to select the contractor to perform Tenant's Improvements, subject to Landlord's prior approval which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, and subject to the provisions of Paragraph 1.3.1. Tenant shall be solely responsible to the Contractor for performance of Tenant's Improvements, it being expressly understood that Landlord is not in contractual privity with the Contractor with respect to Tenant's Improvements, and that all costs of constructing Tenant's Improvements are Tenant's responsibility. Tenant shall not be obligated to use the same contractor to perform Tenant's Improvements as the Contractor selected to perform the Base Building Work; provided, however, that any delay in substantially completing the Work caused by the use of two contractors shall not be a Permitted Delay. 4.3 Construction of Tenant Improvements. 4.3.1 Construction. 4.3.1.1 Landlord's General Conditions. Tenant's construction of the Work shall comply with the following: (i) the Work shall be constructed in accordance with The Base Building Drawings and the approved Construction Drawings, and in strict accordance with all applicable CC&R's and Laws, in a good and workmanlike manner, using new materials and equipment of good quality; and (ii) Tenant shall abide by all rules made by Landlord with respect to the storage of materials, and any other matter in connection with this Work Letter, including, without limitation, the construction of Tenant's Improvements. 4.3.1.2 Indemnity. Tenant's indemnity obligations to Landlord as set forth in the Lease shall also apply with respect to any and all costs, losses, damages, injuries and liabilities related in any way to any act or omission of Tenant or the Contractor, or anyone directly or indirectly employed by any of them, or in connection with Tenant's nonpayment of any amount 47 arising out of the Work and/or Tenant's disapproval of all or any portion of any request for payment. 4.3.1.3 Requirements of Tenant's Contractor. The Contractor shall warrant to Tenant and for the benefit of Landlord that the portion of the Work for which it is responsible shall be free from any defects in workmanship and materials for a period of not less than one (1) year from the date of completion thereof. The Contractor shall be responsible for the replacement or repair, without additional charge, of all work done or furnished in accordance with its contract that shall become defective within one (1) year after the substantial completion of the work performed by such Contractor or its subcontractors. The correction of such work shall include, without additional charge, all additional expenses and damages incurred in connection with such removal or replacement of all or any part of the Work, and/or the Building and/or common areas that may be damaged or disturbed thereby. All such warranties as to materials or workmanship of or with respect to the Work shall be contained in the contract with the Contractor and shall be written such that such warranties shall inure to the benefit of both Landlord and Tenant, as their respective interests may appear, and can be directly enforced by either. To the extent such warranties are related to components of the Work for which Landlord is responsible for maintenance and/or repair, such warranties shall be assignable to Landlord, and Tenant shall cooperate with Landlord in availing itself of the benefit of all such warranties. 4.3.2 Insurance Requirements. 4.3.2.1 General Coverages. The Contractor shall carry worker's compensation insurance covering all of its respective employees, and shall also carry public liability insurance, including property damage, all with limits, in form and with companies as are required to be carried by Tenant as set forth in the Lease. 4.3.2.2 Special Coverages. Tenant shall carry, or cause Contractor to carry, "Builder's All Risk" insurance in an amount covering the full cost of construction of the Work, and such other insurance as Landlord reasonably may require. Such insurance shall be in amounts and shall include such extended coverage endorsements as may reasonably be required by Landlord. 4.3.2.3 General Terms. Certificates for all insurance carried pursuant to this section shall be delivered to Landlord before the commencement of construction of the Work and before the Contractor's equipment is moved onto the site. All such policies of insurance must contain a provision that the company writing said policy will give Landlord thirty (30) days' prior written notice of any cancellation or lapse of the effective date or any reduction in the amounts of such insurance. In the event the Work is damaged by any cause during the course of construction, the provisions of Paragraph 21 of the Lease shall apply; provided, however, that all policies of insurance required to be maintained by this Work Letter shall also be considered, and so long as the Lease is not terminated by Landlord or Tenant pursuant to Paragraph 21, Tenant shall cause the same to be repaired promptly at Tenant's sole cost and expense. Contractor shall maintain all of the foregoing insurance coverage in force until the Work are fully completed and accepted by Landlord. All policies carried pursuant to this section shall insure Landlord and Tenant, as their interests may appear, as well as Contractor. All insurance, except Workers' Compensation and public liability insurance, maintained by Contractor shall preclude subrogation claims by the insurer against anyone 48 insured thereunder. Such insurance shall provide that it is primary insurance with respect to Landlord and that any other insurance maintained by Landlord is excess and noncontributing with the insurance required hereunder. The requirements for the foregoing insurance shall not in any way effect or eliminate Tenant's indemnification obligations to Landlord as provided in the Lease and in this Work Letter. 4.3.3 Governmental Compliance. The Work shall comply in all respects with the following: (i) all applicable building codes and other state, federal, city or quasi-governmental laws, codes, ordinances and regulations, as each may apply according to the rulings of the controlling public official, agent or other person; (ii) applicable standards of the American Insurance Association (formerly, the National Board of Fire Underwriters) and the National Electrical Code; and (iii) building material manufacturer's specifications. 4.3.4 Inspection by Landlord. Landlord shall have the right to inspect the Work at all times, provided however, that Landlord's failure to inspect the Work shall in no event constitute a waiver of any of Landlord's rights hereunder nor shall Landlord's inspection of the Work constitute Landlord's approval of the same. Should Landlord disapprove any portion of the Work, Landlord shall notify Tenant in writing of such disapproval and shall specify the items disapproved. Any defects or deviations in, and/or disapproval by Landlord of, the Work shall be rectified by Tenant at no expense to Landlord; provided, however, that in the event Landlord determines that a defect or deviation exists or disapproves of any matter in connection with any portion of the Work and such defect, deviation or matter might adversely affect the mechanical, electrical, plumbing, heating, ventilating and air-conditioning or life-safety systems of the Building, the structure or exterior appearance of the Building, Landlord may, after delivering written notice to Tenant and Tenant failing within seven (7) days thereafter to commence a cure and prosecute such cure diligently to completion, take such action as Landlord deems necessary, at Tenant's expense and without incurring any liability on Landlord's part, to correct any such defect, deviation and/or matter, including, without limitation, causing the cessation of performance of the construction of the Work until such time as the defect, deviation and/or matter is corrected to Landlord's satisfaction. 4.3.5 Meetings. Commencing upon the execution of the Lease, Tenant shall hold weekly meetings at a reasonable time, with the Architect and the Contractor regarding the progress of the preparation of Construction Drawings and the construction of the Work, which meetings shall be held at a location acceptable to Landlord, and Landlord and/or its agents shall receive prior notice of, and shall have the right to attend, all such meetings. In addition, minutes shall be taken at all such meetings, a copy of which minutes shall be promptly delivered to Landlord. One such meeting each month shall include the review of Contractor's current request for payment. Landlord's attendance at such meetings shall in no way create any greater obligation or liability on Landlord's part in excess of Landlord's express obligations set forth herein. Landlord's nonattendance at such meetings shall in no way constitute a waiver of any rights in Landlord set forth herein or in the Lease, including without limitation Landlord's right to indemnification by Tenant. 4.4 Notice of Completion; Copy of Record Set of Plans. Within ten (10) days after completion of construction of the Work, Tenant shall cause a Notice of Completion to be recorded in the office of the Recorder of the City and County of San Francisco in accordance with Paragraph 3093 of the Civil Code of the State of California or any successor statute, and shall furnish a copy 49 thereof to Landlord upon such recordation. If Tenant fails to do so, Landlord may execute and file the same on behalf of Tenant as Tenant's agent for such purpose, at Tenant's sole cost and expense. At the conclusion of construction, (i) Tenant and Landlord shall cause the Architects and Contractor(s) (A) to update the approved Construction Drawings as necessary to reflect all changes made to the approved Construction Drawings during the course of construction, (B) to certify to their knowledge that the "record-set" of mylar as-built drawings are true and correct, which certification shall survive the expiration or termination of the Lease, and (C) to deliver to Landlord two (2) sets of copies of such record-set of drawings within ninety (90) days following completion of the Work (as evidenced by the recordation of a Notice of Completion) for the Premises, and (ii) Tenant shall deliver to Landlord a copy of all warranties, guaranties, and operating manuals and information relating to the improvements, equipment, and systems in the Premises. SECTION 5 TENANT'S COVENANTS; LEASE COMMENCEMENT DATE 6.1 Tenant Indemnity. In addition to Tenant's indemnification obligations set forth in the Lease, and unless substantially the result of Landlord's, Base Building Architect's or Landlord's agents' negligence or willful misconduct, Tenant hereby indemnifies Landlord from any loss, claims, damages or delays arising from the actions of Tenant's agents, employees or contractors in the Premises or the Building. In the event Tenant shall conduct additional work to the Premises separate and apart from the Work prior to Substantial Completion of the Work, such as fixture installation or workstation set up, Tenant shall do so in strict compliance with any and all rules and regulations related thereto that Landlord's Building manager, Contractor or Landlord shall reasonably impose. Tenant waives any and all claims against Landlord for damages incurred during construction of the Work except if such damages are caused by Landlord's gross negligence or willful misconduct. 6.2 Lease Commencement Date. The Lease Commencement Date shall be such date as determined pursuant to Paragraph (g)(i) of the Summary; provided, however, that if the Lease Commencement Date is determined by calculating two hundred ten (210) days from the date of Final Use Approval, and the Work is not substantially complete due to a Permitted Delay (defined below), the Lease Commencement Date shall instead be that date which is 210 days after Final Use Approval is received, plus the number of days of delay caused by a Permitted Delay. A Permitted Delay shall be defined as (i) a delay caused by extreme inclement weather, riot, war, casualty, general strike, act of god or such other event customarily considered a force majeure event beyond Tenant's reasonable control, (ii) a delay caused by Landlord's failure to approve the original plans and drawings for the Work within seven (7) business days of receipt, or any change order or other Tenant submittal requiring approval within three (3) business days of receipt, (iii) any delay caused by the discovery, investigation and/or remediation of any Hazardous Materials discovered at the Site during prosecution of the Work, (iv) any delay caused by Base Building Architect's failure to complete all required The Base Building Drawings in a form sufficient for submission to the City for the purpose of obtaining a building permit for construction of the Base Building Work within the sixty (60) day period described in Paragraph 2.2 of the Lease (such Permitted Delays caused by Base Building Architect shall include, by way of example, incomplete drawings, lack of necessary detail (as determined by the building department of the City), material field inspector changes and errors in the drawings, but shall not include changes to The Base Building Drawings made at the request of 50 Tenant, or necessitated by changes in the Construction Drawings), (v) any delay caused by the lack of electrical power or other utility available at the Site sufficient to construct the Base Building Work, or (vi) any delay caused by the failure of any governmental authority to perform any required act, or give any required approval, within a reasonable time after Tenant's submission or request. The parties shall agree in good faith on the calculation of any Permitted Delay. If they are unable to do so within a reasonable time, Tenant's Architect and Base Building Architect shall attempt to agree on the appropriate number of days of Permitted Delay. If the Architects are unable to agree, the provisions of Paragraph 6.5 shall apply. SECTION 7 MISCELLANEOUS 7.1 Tenant's Representative. Tenant has designated David Yokell as its sole representative with respect to the matters set forth in this Work Letter, who, unless and until Tenant notifies Landlord in writing of a change in representative, shall have full authority and responsibility to act on behalf of the Tenant as required in this Work Letter. 7.2 Landlord's Representative. Landlord has designated Matt Cappiello as its sole representative with respect to the matters set forth in this Work Letter, who, until further notice to Tenant, shall have full authority and responsibility to act on behalf of the Landlord as required in this Work Letter. 7.3 Time of the Essence. Unless otherwise indicated, all references herein to a "number of days" shall mean and refer to calendar days. If any item requiring approval is timely disapproved by Landlord, the procedure for preparation of the document and approval thereof shall be repeated until the document is approved by Landlord. Unless otherwise provided in this Work Letter, Landlord's approval of any submittals required to be made by Tenant (with the exception of the Construction Drawings, which shall be approved or rejected within seven (7) business days) shall be given or withheld within three (3) business days after receipt by Landlord of Tenant's submittal. If Landlord disapproves of any submittals, the reasons for disapproval shall be specified in writing. If Landlord has not approved or disapproved the submittal within the three (3) business day period, the submittal shall be deemed approved and Tenant shall be entitled to proceed as if Landlord had approved the submittal in writing; provided, however, that Landlord may, within the applicable period request more time for review and approval, in which event the additional days requested shall constitute a Permitted Delay for purposes of calculating the Lease Commencement Date. Any resubmittal by Tenant shall be approved or disapproved within the applicable period, and this procedure shall continue until Landlord's approval of any submittal or resubmittal has been approved or is deemed approved by Landlord. 7.4 Incorporated into the Lease. For all purposes, this Work Letter shall be and is hereby deemed a part of the Lease, and to the extent necessary, they shall together be construed as one and the same document; provided, however, that in the event of a conflict between any provision of the Lease and this Work Letter concerning the Work, this Work Letter shall control. 7.5 Arbitration. Any dispute concerning Permitted Delays which is not resolved pursuant to such Paragraph shall be finally settled by binding arbitration in accordance with and under the rules of practice and procedure for arbitration hearings of Judicial Arbitration and 51 Mediation Services, Inc. ("JAMS"), or its successor in San Francisco, California. The parties may agree upon a retired judge from the JAMS panel. If they are unable to agree, JAMS shall provide a list of available judges containing one more judge than there are parties to the arbitration and each party may strike one. The remaining judge shall serve as the arbitrator. The arbitrator shall have the authority to grant injunctive and/or other equitable relief. The arbitrator shall not have the power to commit errors of law or legal reasoning and the appropriate court shall have the authority to review the award for errors of fact, law or legal reasoning. The award may also be vacated or corrected pursuant to the California Code of Civil Procedure for any such error. If and when a demand for arbitration is made by either party, the parties agree to execute a submission agreement, provided by JAMS, setting forth the rights of the parties and the rules and procedures to be followed at the arbitration hearing; provided, however, that (i) the arbitration shall take place in San Francisco California; (ii) the arbitrator shall apply the rules of evidence and substantive law of the State of California; (iii) the arbitrator shall render written findings of fact and conclusions of law; (iv) the parties shall be entitled to conduct such pre-hearing discovery as would otherwise be permitted under California law; (v) the arbitrator shall have the authority to entertain and decide motions before the arbitration hearing as otherwise would be permitted in a court of law, including, by way of example, motions to compel discovery and motions for summary judgment; and (vi) remedies which the arbitrator shall have the authority to grant shall be limited to the same remedies which could otherwise be imposed by a court of law. Such arbitration shall be the sole remedy available to the parties. [Remainder of Page Intentionally Left Blank] 52 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed and delivered this Work Letter on the day and year first above written.
LANDLORD: TENANT: Thomas A. Price and Gwendolyn L. Price, as trustees Digital Think, Inc., a Delaware corporation of the Price Trust UTD October 5, 1984 By: ____________________________ By:____________________________ Name: _________________________ Thomas A. Price, Trustee Its: ____________________________ By:____________________________ By:____________________________ Gwendolyn Price, Trustee Name:_________________________ Its:____________________________
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EX-21 7 ex21-1.txt Exhibit 21.1 DIGITALTHINK, INC.--SUBSIDIARIES (All 100% Owned)
Subsidiaries of the Registrant State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation - ---------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- Arista Knowledge Systems, Inc. Delaware DigitalThink UK, Ltd. United Kingdom LearningByte International, Inc. Minnesota TCT Technical Training Pvt. Ltd. India
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EX-23 8 ex23-1.txt Exhibit 23.1 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S CONSENT AND REPORT ON SCHEDULE To the Board of Directors and Stockholders DigitalThink, Inc. We consent to the incorporation by reference in DigitalThink, Inc. and subsidiaries Registration Statement Nos. 333-43284, 333-56770, 333-68384 and 333-86732 on Form S-8, and Registration Statement Nos. 333-59434 and 333-73110 on Form S-3 of our report dated April 23, 2002 appearing in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Company for the year ended March 31, 2002. Our audits of the financial statements referred to in our aforementioned report also included the financial statement schedule of the Company, listed in Item 14(a)(2). This financial statement schedule is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion based on our audits. In our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein. /s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP San Jose, California June 4, 2002 62
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