UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

S QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2012

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from _________ to _________

Commission file number: 000- 32569

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

NEVADA	84-0605867
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1 Liangshuihe First Ave, Beijing E-Town Economic and Technology Development Area, E-Town,

Beijing, 100176, People’s Republic of China

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

86-10-5982-2039

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer £	Accelerated filer £
Non-accelerated filer x	Smaller reporting company £
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes £ No x

On July 17, 2013, 36,419,706 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.002 par value and 1,000,000 shares of the registrant’s Class A Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value were outstanding.

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3
ITEM 1 – Financial Statements	3
Unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2012 and condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2011	3
Unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011	5
Unaudited condensed statements of cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011	6
Notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements - September 30, 2012	8
ITEM 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
ITEM 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	35
ITEM 4 – Controls and Procedures	35
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION	36
ITEM 1 – Legal Proceedings	36
ITEM 1A – Risk Factors	37
ITEM 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
ITEM 3 – Defaults upon Senior Securities	37
ITEM 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures	37
ITEM 5 – Other Information	38
ITEM 6 – Exhibits	38
Signatures	39

2

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

ASSETS

	SEPTEMBER 30,		DECEMBER 31,
	2012		2011
	(Unaudited)
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	26,432,161	$	52,627,928
Restricted cash		7,045,083		264,031
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $17,873,220 and $16,354,873 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively		42,342,354		53,196,298
Bank acceptance notes from customers		3,570,033		27,848,917
Inventories, net of provision for slow-moving inventories of $317,290 and $624,516 as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively		27,533,816		18,889,930
Advances to suppliers and prepaid expenses		14,274,929		16,535,191
Receivable for disposal of NuoHua Affiliate		–		18,153,754
Deferred tax assets		3,192,688		3,225,803
Other current assets		935,790		5,168,742
Total current assets		125,326,854		195,910,594
LONG-TERM ASSETS
Property, plant and equipment, net		175,595,692		170,534,450
Land use rights, net		156,026,020		157,928,152
Capitalized agricultural costs		25,900,652		22,333,937
Acquired intangible assets, net		13,516,978		10,728,658
Investments in and advances to equity method investments		4,161,515		5,934,422
Deferred tax assets		263,201		263,109
Deferred financing costs		370,130		1,347,735
Total long-term assets		375,834,188		369,070,463
TOTAL ASSETS	$	501,161,042	$	564,981,057

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

	SEPTEMBER 30,			DECEMBER 31,
	2012			2011
	(Unaudited)
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$	24,005,147		$	22,085,545
Accrued expenses and other payables		23,110,078			21,201,533
Bank acceptance notes to vendors		10,629,172			502,912
Taxes payable		72,433			580,293
Accrued taxes		10,562,815			8,849,004
Convertible notes, in default		49,161,000			108,500,000
Short-term bank loans		6,788,759			6,756,014
Current portion of long-term bank loans		64,395			63,070
Deferred tax liabilities		63,689			90,070
Total current liabilities		124,457,488			168,628,441
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Long-term bank loans, net of current portion		570,733			618,030
Deferred tax liabilities		14,630,285			14,572,492
Total long-term liabilities		15,201,018			15,190,522
TOTAL LIABILITIES		139,658,506			183,818,963
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively		1,000			1,000
Common stock, $0.002 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized; 36,616,588 and 39,476,274 shares issued as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively; 36,392,006 and 39,251,692 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively		73,308			78,952
Common stock to be issued (529,377 shares and 132,247 shares as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, respectively)		426,358			291,333
Additional paid-in capital		177,308,810			206,591,730
Retained earnings		113,984,082			137,810,753
Less: Treasury stock, at cost (224,582 shares as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011)		(799,999	)		(799,999	)
Less: Prepaid forward repurchase contract		–			(29,998,616	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		71,040,779			67,723,161
Total American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity		362,034,338			381,698,314
Non-controlling interests		(531,802	)		(536,220	)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY		361,502,536			381,162,094
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY		501,161,042			564,981,057

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

4

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012			2011			2012			2011
Revenues	$	29,493,459		$	53,934,602		$	82,685,661		$	159,988,508
Cost of sales		23,037,097			28,730,424			65,355,231			83,863,569
GROSS PROFIT		6,456,362			25,204,178			17,330,430			76,124,939
Selling, general and administrative expenses		12,005,502			12,080,424			36,047,706			34,577,769
Advertising costs		9,385,016			2,964,877			23,517,447			10,185,380
Research and development costs		1,681,649			2,825,967			4,977,883			8,652,455
Depreciation and amortization expenses		1,803,167			1,804,888			5,462,599			5,359,979
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts		777,947			–			3,831,195			–
Total operating expenses		25,653,281			19,676,156			73,836,830			58,775,583
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS		(19,196,919	)		5,528,022			(56,506,400	)		17,349,356
Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes		40,413,555			2,666,829			40,413,555			2,666,829
Equity in losses from equity method investments		(267,470	)		(796,727	)		(1,756,517	)		(857,811	)
Gain on changes in ownership of unconsolidated entities		–			–			–			658,540
Interest expense, net		(1,423,839	)		(1,802,954	)		(4,975,119	)		(4,850,651	)
Other income (expense), net		94,724			(116,196	)		443,473			321,571
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX		19,620,051			5,478,974			(22,381,008	)		15,287,834
Provision for income taxes		487,280			(2,203,013	)		1,441,245			4,091,655
NET INCOME (LOSS)		19,132,771			7,681,987			(23,822,253	)		11,196,179
Income attributable to non-controlling interest		(15,320	)		(28,446	)		(4,418	)		(14,767	)
NET INCOME (LOSS)  ATTRIBUTABLE TO AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC.		19,117,451			7,653,541			(23,826,671	)		11,181,412
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)		(669,718	)		5,020,779			3,317,618			16,368,530
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	$	18,447,733		$	12,674,320		$	(20,509,053	)	$	27,549,942
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE
Basic	$	0.51		$	0.20		$	(0.62	)	$	0.30
Diluted		0.50			0.20			(0.62	)		0.29
WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING
Basic		37,403,519			37,422,928			38,722,635			37,400,560
Diluted		38,287,158			38,262,002			38,722,635			38,153,522

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

5

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012			2011
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	(23,822,253	)	$	11,196,179
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		8,955,563			9,288,606
Amortization of deferred financing costs		591,871			695,510
Loss on property, plant and equipment		(6,424	)		9,712
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts		3,552,655			(79,935	)
Deferred taxes		64,435			(1,712,491	)
Stock-based consulting expenses		33,750			64,813
Stock-based compensation expenses		1,946,902			2,258,850
Independent director stock compensation		135,025			224,333
Equity in losses from equity method investments		1,756,517			857,811
Gain on changes in ownership of unconsolidated entities		–			(658,540	)
Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes		(40,413,555	)		(2,666,829	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		9,251,412			16,554,608
Inventories		(8,376,013	)		(11,521,442	)
Advances to suppliers and prepaid expenses		2,260,262			(5,326,505	)
Other current assets		1,879,237			1,562,285
Accounts payable		1,978,576			3,622,793
Accrued expenses and other payables		1,798,093			(3,853,121	)
Taxes payable		(439,596	)		(391,416	)
Other liabilities		–			662,070
Accrued taxes		1,713,811			–
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		(37,139, 732)			20,787,291
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment		(9,347,876	)		(9,328,768	)
Capitalized agricultural costs		(3,502,810	)		–
Proceeds from payment of bank acceptance notes from customers		24,278,884			–
Cash proceeds from disposal of NuoHua affiliate		18,278,815			–
Deposit for long-term assets		(3,911,303	)		(30,353,949	)
Investments in and advances to equity investments		12,533			65,949
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment		–			228
Other		(870	)		–
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		25,807,373			(39,616,540	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Restricted cash		(6,781,052	)		–
Proceeds from bank loans and bank acceptance notes to vendors		13,914,228			12,663,526
Repayment of bank loans and bank acceptance notes to vendors		(3,827,075	)		(7,157,474	)
Repurchase of convertible notes		(18,478,888	)		(2,750,000	)
Repurchase of common stock		(1,270,603	)		(799,999	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		(16,443,390	)		1,956,053
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		1,579,982			5,323,107
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		(26,195,767	)		(11,550,089	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the period		52,627,928			94,568,520
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF THE PERIOD	$	26,432,161		$	83,018,431

(continued)

6

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012		2011
SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid for interest	$	3,050,773	$	6,071,526
Cash paid for income taxes		375,316		3,756,508
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Deposit used to acquire other intangible assets		3,888,617		–
Retirement of treasury shares		1,270,603		–
Retirement of prepaid forward purchase contract		29,998,616		–

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements

7

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 1 – DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. (“AOB” or “the Company”) is a fully integrated pharmaceutical company dedicated to improving health through the development, manufacture, commercialization and distribution of a broad range of pharmaceutical and healthcare products in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”).

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods and include, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments and reclassifications) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows as of September 30, 2012 and for all periods presented. Information as of December 31, 2011 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2011. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on January 7, 2013.

Basis of Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Results of acquired subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Company and are no longer consolidated from the date that control ceases.

Going Concern

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared under a going concern basis in accordance with US generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) which contemplates the realization of assets and discharge of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the Company recorded a loss from operations of $56,506,400 andutilized cash in operations of $37,139,732.As of September 30, 2012, the Company had working capital of $869,366.  In addition, the Company was in default of its convertible notes (the “Notes”) due July 15, 2015 (see Note 12), which had a balance of $49,161,000 as of September 30, 2012. On April 8, 2013, four of the holders of the Notes (the “Plaintiffs”) filed an action claiming a default under the Notes, which allegedly resulted in an acceleration of the maturity of the Notes. The Plaintiffs had previously commenced a similar action in federal court in New Jersey, which action was withdrawn and the present action was interposed. The action seeks payment of $20,378,608 plus prejudgment interest and other fees and costs. The Company has been served with the complaint, and Plaintiffs agreed to extend the Company’s time to answer. When that time passed on June 3, 2013, Plaintiffs refused to grant additional time and have now made a motion seeking entry of a default. The Company filed its answer on June 5, 2013 (see Note 14). The Company presently does not have the ability to pay these Notes. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to return to profitability or to develop additional sources of financing or capital. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, in their report on the Company’s 2012 consolidated financial statements, raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.

Historically, the Company’s main source of cash was through the sales of its products, proceeds from the issuance of common stock, and debt financing.  However, due to the decrease in sales, the Company’s ability to meet contractual obligations and payables depends on its ability to implement cost reductions effectively and obtain additional financing. The Company believes that the ongoing economic challenges and uncertainties experienced in 2012 and the first quarter of 2013 will continue to negatively impact its business in the remainder of 2013.  Thus, the Company expects that for 2013 it will continue to generate losses from operations, and its operating cash flows will not be sufficient to cover operating expense; therefore, the Company expects to continue to incur net losses.  

To meet its capital needs, the Company is considering multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, additional debt financing and credit lines, delaying capital spending for future periods, and/or operating cost reductions.   The Company believes it can utilize its currently unencumbered buildings and land use rights located in Beijing, PRC with an aggregate net book value of approximately $105,000,000 (as of March 31, 2013) to secure financing.  No assurance can be given that the financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to the Company. Even if the Company is able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on its operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution to shareholders, in the case of equity financing.

8

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant, and equipment and intangible assets, allowance for accounts receivable, realizable values for inventories and capitalized agricultural costs, valuation allowance of deferred tax assets, and valuation of share-based compensation expenses. Changes in facts and circumstances may result in revised estimates. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

· Level 1 - defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

· Level 2 - defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

· Level 3 - defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions

The carrying amounts of financial assets and liabilities, such as cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable, short-term bank loans, accounts payable, notes payable and other payables, approximate their fair values because of the short maturity of these instruments. The carrying values of long-term loans approximate their fair values due to the fact that the interest rates on these loans are reset each year based on prevailing market interest rates. The convertible notes are initially recognized based on residual proceeds after allocation to the derivative financial liabilities, if any, at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate method, with any accrued and unpaid interest included under other payables and accrued expenses.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. The diluted earnings per share calculation gives effect to all potentially dilutive common shares outstanding during the year. The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share available to common shareholders:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012		2011		2012			2011
EPS Numerator:
Net income (loss), as adjusted	$	19,117,451	$	7,653,541	$	(23,826,671	)	$	11,181,412
EPS Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic		37,403,519		37,422,928		38,722,635			37,400,560
Effect of common stock awards to be issued		883,639		839,074		–			752,962
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted		38,287,158		38,262,002		38,722,635			38,153,522
Earnings (loss) per share - Basic	$	0.51	$	0.20	$	(0.62	)	$	0.30
Earnings (loss) per share - Diluted	$	0.50	$	0.20	$	(0.62	)	$	0.29

As of September 30, 2012, common stock equivalents were composed of options convertible into 883,639 shares of the Company’s common stock and notes convertible into 6,084,282 shares of the Company’s common stock, which have been excluded from the calculation of earnings per share as their effect is anti-dilutive.

9

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

Impairment

In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, including finite-lived intangibles and property and equipment, the Company uses its best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition. To the extent that estimated future, undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.

In evaluating capitalized agriculture costs, the Company uses its best estimate of the future cash flows expected to result from future market values, yields and costs to harvest. To the extent that estimated future cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair values of the capitalized agricultural costs.

The Company’s annual impairment testing is performed in the fourth quarter of each year. 

In the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company had impairment write-offs to property and equipment and land use rights of $12,577,507 and $10,255,550, respectively, based on their annual review. Also in the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company recorded a write-off related to the estimated recoverability of capitalized agriculture costs of $8,525,587.

In the fourth quarter of 2011, the Company had impairment write-offs to property and equipment, goodwill, and acquired intangible assets of $733,688, $33,164,121, and $6,928,064, respectively, based on their annual review.

Reclassifications

In presenting the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, the Company presented $2,666,829 of gain on extinguishment of convertible notes as part of Income From Operations. In presenting the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, the Company has reclassified the gain on extinguishment of convertible notes to Other Income (Expense).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2012, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2012-02, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. This update presents an entity with the option to first to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test in accordance with Subtopic 350-30, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – General Intangibles Other than Goodwill”. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than fifty percent. ASU No. 2012-02 will be effective for annual and impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after September 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. The Company’s adoption of this update did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This ASU clarifies which instruments and transactions are subject to the offsetting disclosure requirements established by ASU 2011-11. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2013. We do not believe the adoption of this update will have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The new guidance requires entities to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income unless the amounts are not reclassified in their entirety to net income. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, entities are required to cross-reference other disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. The new guidance is effective prospectively for all interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. The Company’s adoption of this update did not have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the AICPA, and the SEC did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statements. 

10

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 3 – CONCENTRATION OF RISKS

Concentration of credit risks

Assets that potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and prepaid forward repurchase contract. As of September 30, 2012, substantially all of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents were deposited in financial institutions located in PRC, which management believes are of high credit quality. Accounts receivable are typically unsecured and mainly derived from revenue earned from customers in the PRC, which are exposed to credit risk. The risk is mitigated by credit evaluations the Company performs on its customers and its ongoing monitoring process of outstanding balances. The Company maintains reserves for estimated credit losses, which have generally been within its expectations.

Current vulnerability due to certain other concentrations

The Company’s operations may be adversely affected by significant political, economic and social uncertainties in the PRC. Although the PRC government has been pursuing economic reform policies for more than 30 years, no assurance can be given that the PRC government will continue to pursue such policies or that such policies may not be significantly altered, especially in the event of a change in leadership, social or political disruption or unforeseen circumstances affecting the PRC’s political, economic and social conditions. There is also no guarantee that the PRC government’s pursuit of economic reforms will be consistent or effective.

Currency convertibility risk

The Company transacts the majority of its business in the Renminbi (“RMB”), which is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. On January 1, 1994, the PRC government abolished the dual rate system and introduced a single rate of exchange as quoted daily by the People’s Bank of China (the “PBOC”). However, the unification of the exchange rates does not imply that the RMB may be readily convertible into United States dollars or other foreign currencies. All foreign exchange transactions continue to take place either through the PBOC or other banks authorized to buy and sell foreign currencies at the exchange rates quoted by the PBOC. Approval of foreign currency payments by the PBOC or other institutions requires submitting a payment application form together with suppliers’ invoices, shipping documents and signed contracts. Additionally, the value of the RMB is subject to changes in central government policies and international economic and political developments affecting supply and demand in the PRC foreign exchange trading system market.

NOTE 4 – ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable consist of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2012			2011
Accounts receivable	$	60,215,574		$	69,551,171
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(17,873,220	)		(16,354,873	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	42,342,354		$	53,196,298

Accounts receivable arise from sales to our customers and are generally due on terms ranging from 30 to 180 days beginning after the invoice date. The Company assessed distributors’ credit history, operation performance, financial position, and reputation among peers to assign credit terms. The Company’s management reviews credit terms and conditions of the account receivable balance for each distributor on a quarterly basis. The Company estimates that the remaining net receivables will be collected.

From time to time we receive bank acceptance notes that are payable to the Company from our customers, for goods we sell to those customers.  If the notes are not yet due and payable, we may exchange them at a bank in exchange for notes payable to our suppliers, and deliver those notes to our vendors.

11

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 5 – INVENTORIES

Inventories are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2012			2011
Raw materials	$	6,170,974		$	6,228,319
Work in process		4,152,725			3,652,867
Finished goods		17,527,407			9,633,260
Total inventories		27,851,106			19,514,446
Less: provision against slow-moving inventories		(317,290	)		(624,516	)
Inventories, net	$	27,533,816		$	18,889,930

Capitalized agricultural costs are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2012		2011
Growing crops	$	13,376,285	$	993,126
Payments for long-term crop contracts		–		17,012,586
Prepaid land leasing costs for long-term supply contracts and others		12,524,367		4,328,225
Capitalized agricultural costs	$	25,900,652	$	22,333,937

The Company has reflected capitalized agricultural costs for Millettia and Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bge (“XSB”) as a long term asset as it does not expect to utilize these assets currently. These pre-harvest agriculture costs usually require substantial investment in the early stages, gradually decreasing to maintenance costs during the growing stage. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, pre-harvest agricultural costs incurred during the period of $3,502,810 and nil, respectively, were capitalized.

NOTE 6 – ADVANCES TO SUPPLIERS AND PREPAID EXPENSES

	September 30,		December 31,
	2012		2011
Advances to suppliers	$	9,816,236	$	15,591,318
Prepaid expenses		4,458,698		943,873
Advances to suppliers and prepaid expenses	$	14,274,929	$	16,535,191

Advances to suppliers mainly represent interest-free cash deposits paid to suppliers for future purchases of raw materials. Prepaid expenses mainly relate to the prepaid research and development expenses to external contractors.

NOTE 7 – PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2012			2011
Original cost:
Buildings	$	143,950,499		$	146,410,665
Machinery and equipment		27,155,564			25,851,084
Motor vehicles		2,106,054			2,105,105
Office equipment		3,260,899			3,162,305
Other equipment		5,662,643			1,812,266
Construction in progress		32,767,422			25,264,200
		214,903,081			204,605,625
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(39,307,389	)		(34,071,175	)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	175,595,692		$	170,534,450

12

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $5,095,598 and $4,214,570, respectively. As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the net book value of property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral for bank loans was $4,895,834 and $6,249,074, respectively (see Note 11). As of September 30, 2012, the Company had entered into capital commitments for $15,612,562 within one year and $6,788,759 after one year but within three years (see Note 14).

NOTE 8 – LAND USE RIGHTS

Land use rights consist of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2012			2011
Cost of land use rights	$	172,889,781		$	172,055,852
Less: Accumulated amortization		(16,863,761	)		(14,127,700	)
Land use rights, net	$	156,026,020		$	157,928,152

Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $2,670,357 and $2,594,261, respectively.  As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the net book value of land use rights pledged as collateral was $20,735,126 and $21,020,381, respectively (see Note 11).

NOTE 9 – ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Acquired intangible assets are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2012			2011
At cost:
Product licenses	$	13,402,883		$	9,470,024
Trademarks		6,685,055			6,652,810
Patents		3,399,784			3,383,385
Software		186,939			134,259
Liaoning Baicao pharmaceutical trade license		5,547,837			5,521,077
		29,222,498			25,161,555
Less: Accumulated amortization
Product licenses		(7,732,936	)		(7,195,886	)
Trademarks		(5,313,111	)		(4,791,570	)
Patents		(2,552,509	)		(2,400,412	)
Software		(106,964	)		(45,029	)
		(15,705,520	)		(14,432,897	)
Acquired intangible assets, net	$	13,516,978		$	10,728,658

Amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $1,152,681 and $2,475,425, respectively.

NOTE 10 – INVESTMENTS IN AND ADVANCES TO EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENTS

At September 30, 2012, the Company owned a 33.7% equity interest in AXN, and a 40% equity interest in Jinji. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the changes in investments in and advances to equity method investments are summarized as follows:

	AXN			Jinji			Total
Balance, December 31, 2011	$	5,751,495		$	182,927		$	5,934,422
Advances		19,800			(36,892	)		(17,092	)
Income (loss)		(1,757,398	)		881			(1,756,517	)
Foreign currency translations		–			702			702
Balance, September 30, 2012	$	4,013,897		$	147,618		$	4,161,515

13

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 11 – DEBT

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, bank acceptance notes to vendors were $10,629,172 and $502,912, respectively and due at various dates from October 2012 to March 2013. These short-term notes payable are lines of credit extended by the banks, which in turn issue the Company a bank acceptance note that can be endorsed and assigned to vendors as payments for purchases. The short-term notes payable are generally payable within three to nine months, and guaranteed by the bank. The banks do not charge interest on these notes, but usually charge a transaction fee of 0.05% of the total note value. In addition, the banks usually require the Company to deposit a certain amount of cash at the bank as a guarantee deposit which is classified on the balance sheet as restricted cash. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, restricted cash as a guarantee for the notes payable amounted to $7,045,083 and $264,031, respectively.

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, short-term loans obtained from local banks were $6,788,759 and $6,756,014, respectively. The short-term loans payable are due on various dates through August 14, 2013, with interest ranging from 6.00% to 6.56% per annum, and secured by property, plant and equipment and land use rights owned by the Company. At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the short-term loans are secured by property, plant and equipment owned by the Company of $4,895,834 and $6,249,074, respectively, and land use rights owned by the Company of $20,735,126 and $21,020,381, respectively.

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company has an outstanding long-term bank loan of $570,733 and $618,030, respectively. The long-term bank loan bears interest at 2.50% per annum, is due December 31, 2021, and is secured by property, plant, and equipment with a net book value of $1,244,486 at September 30, 2012.

NOTE 12 – CONVERTIBLE NOTES

On July 15, 2008, the Company issued $115,000,000, 5% unsecured senior convertible notes (the “Notes”), due July 15, 2015, for net proceeds of $110,358,550. The Notes are in default, which was caused by the delisting of the Company’s common stock by the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) as described in the Form 25NSE filed on April 16, 2012 by the NYSE; and by the non-payment of the semiannual interest payment due on July 15, 2012, January 15, 2013, and July 15, 2013.

The Notes are convertible, at the option of the holder, at an initial conversion price of $9.29 per share, adjusted to $8.08 on January 15, 2009. The conversion rate is subject to certain adjustments. Holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes on July 15, 2013 for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, up to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

During the three months ended September 30, 2012, the Company repurchased a total of $59,339,000 of principal amount of the Notes for $18,478,888 cash consideration and expensed $446,557 of related unamortized Notes issue cost resulting in a net gain of $40,413,555.

During the three months ended September 30, 2011, the Company repurchased a total of $5,500,000 in principal amount of the Notes for $2,750,000 cash consideration and expensed $83,171 of related unamortized Notes issue cost resulting in a net gain of $2,666,829.

The repurchases were recorded as follows:

	September 30,
	2012			2011
Principal amount	$	59,339,000		$	5,500,000
Less: unamortized bond issue cost		(446,557	)		(83,171	)
Net Carrying Value		58,892,443			5,416,829
Repurchase Price		18,478,888			2,750,000
Gain on debt extinguishment of debt	$	40,413,555		$	2,666,829

The effective interest rate of the Notes for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was 5.94%. Interest cost recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 was $4,253,127 and $4,288,819, respectively.

Note issuance costs incurred by the Company were deferred and are recognized using the effective interest rate method over the term of the Notes. As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the unamortized portion of the deferred financing fees was $312,575 and $1,347,735, respectively.

14

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 13 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Awards

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded selling, general and administrative expenses of $1,064,332 and $834,936, respectively, of stock based compensation cost based on the vesting of the common stock awards granted to employees in prior periods. The total fair value of the stock awards granted to employees at the respective grant dates was $5,665,538, of which the unrecognized portion of $2,726,302 at September 30, 2012 is expected to be recognized following the straight-line method over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.7 years. 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded research and development costs of $33,750 and $64,813, respectively, of stock based compensation cost based on the vesting of the common stock awards granted to consultants in prior periods. The value of these shares was fully amortized as of September 30, 2012.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded selling, general and administrative expenses of $135,025 and $224,333, respectively of earned director share-based compensation. Independent directors earned common stock awards on a monthly basis, with grants generally made in the following year for shares earned. Shares earned but not granted are reflected in “Common Stock to be issued” on the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company did not issue any shares of common stock related to the director awards.

Stock options

The Company calculates the estimated fair value of granted options on the grant date, using the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Model. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company recorded selling, general and administrative expenses of $882,570 and $1,423,914, respectively, of stock based compensation based on the vesting of options granted to employees in prior periods. The total fair value of the options granted to employees at the respective grant dates was $9,194,987, of which the unrecognized portion of $669,257 is expected to be recognized following the straight-line method over the remaining weighted average vesting period of 0.5 years as of September 30, 2012.

The following table summarizes the stock option activities of the Company:

			Weighted
			Average
	Activity		Exercise Price
Outstanding as of January 1, 2012		883,639		15.70
Granted		–		–
Exercised/ Cancelled/Forfeited		–		–
Outstanding as of September 30, 2012		883,639	$	15.70
Vested and expected to vest as of  September 30, 2012		883,639

The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2012:

	Options Outstanding				Options Exercisable
				Weighted
		Weighted		Average		Weighted
		Average		Remaining		Average
	Number of	Exercise		Contractual Life	Number of	Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices	Shares	Price		(in years)	Shares	Price
$17.08 - 21.48	416,350	$	20.04	4.67	416,350	$	20.04
$9.90 - 16.70	323,040	$	13.53	5.82	228,402	$	13.53
$8.02	144,249	$	8.02	6.29	86,549	$	8.02
	883,639				731,301

Options granted have no intrinsic value at the grant date and at the date of these financial statements as the exercise price of all vested and unvested options was greater than the market price of the Company’s Common Stock.

The weighted average value per share of the 883,639 options issued under the Company’s 2006 Plan is $10.41 per share.

15

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

Treasury Stock

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the Company repurchased 1,003,336 shares of its common stock at a total cost of $1,270,603 that were retired in June 2012.

NOTE 14 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments

As of September 30, 2012, the Company had entered into capital commitments for the manufacturing facilities under construction in the People’s Republic of China. The capital commitments were $15,612,562 within one year and $6,788,759 after one year but within three years. In addition, the Company had R&D commitments of $6,470,161, all within one year, and purchase commitments for Millettia of $2,343,413 within one year and $4,435,298 after one year but within three years.

The Company also has an unconditional purchase commitment in connection with the Millettia long-term supply contracts, which is not expected to be harvested until after 2018 (See Note 5). The purchase amount will be based on fair value discounted at a pre-determined rate pursuant to the long-term supply contracts. At September 30, 2012, the Company had a commitment to pay maintenance fees of approximately $111,000 (RMB 700,000) per year from 2013 to 2019 related to the XSB long-term supply contract.

Legal proceedings

As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company was subject to various legal proceedings and claims. Management continues to evaluate the lawsuits discussed below and based on the stage of these proceedings, management is unable to reasonably estimate the likelihood of any loss or the amount or range of any potential loss that could result from the litigation.  Therefore, at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, no accrual has been established for any potential loss in connection with these lawsuits. Should the Company fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected. 

On June 23, 2010, Haining Zhang asserted breach of contract, fraudulent dealing, and breach of fiduciary duty claims against the Company and its Chief Executive Officer, Shu Jun Liu (together “Defendants”).  Zhang’s claims arose out of an alleged 2003 investment banking advisory and consultant agreement, whereby Zhang allegedly arranged for the Company to receive an equity line of credit and was allegedly given the exclusive right to arrange financing transactions for the Company for a period of one year.  Zhang sought damages for allegedly unpaid financing commission and advisory compensation in the amount of $2,410,000, plus interest and expenses.  On September 12, 2011, the District Court granted a motion by Defendants to dismiss Zhang’s claims as either barred by the applicable statute of limitations or as failing to state a claim.  Zhang filed a notice of appeal on October 11, 2011.  On April 23, 2013, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court’s dismissal of Zhang’s claims.  Although Zhang has 90 days from the date of the Second Circuit’s decision in which to seek an appeal to the United States Supreme Court, the Company does not believe the Supreme Court would hear an appeal of Zhang’s case.

On June 22, 2012, a putative class action complaint was filed by Kevin McGee against American Oriental Bioengineering Inc, Eileen Brody, Binsheng Li, Yangchun Li, Tony Liu, Cosimo Patti, Xianmin Wang, and Lawrence Wizel alleging violations of Section 10b of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and liability pursuant to Section 20(a) thereunder. The complaint, as subsequently amended (see below) centers on the accounting treatment of the sale of an interest held by the Company’s subsidiary, Nuo Hua Investment Company Limited and the Company’s Restatement filed on November 14, 2011. Several motions were filed for appointment as lead plaintiff, and on October 16, 2012, the Court appointed lead plaintiff, consolidated the cases, and ordered that a consolidated complaint be filed, which occurred on November 19, 2012. The served defendants (AOB, Brody, Wizel and Patti) moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint, and on March 25, 2013 those motions were granted with leave to amend. On April 15, 2013, Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint, which the served Defendants moved to dismiss on May 15, 2013. In the interim, the Court granted Plaintiffs’ motion for leave to serve most of the remaining Defendants by alternative means, and on May 15, 2013, the parties entered into a stipulation consenting to the filing of a Third Amended Complaint (“TAC,” setting forth no new paragraphs), deeming the TAC served on all defendants, deeming the motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint interposed against the TAC, and reserving all rights of the un-served Defendants.

See Note 17 for a description of additional legal proceedings against the Company initiated subsequent to September 30, 2012.

16

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

NOTE 15 – SEGMENT REPORTING

For the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company’s segments were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2012			2011
Manufacturing Segment
Revenue from pharmaceutical products	$	14,860,925		$	40,276,279
Revenue from nutraceutical products		1,587,654			8,774,711
Total manufacturing revenue		16,448,579			49,050,990
Cost of sales		11,037,711			24,181,804
Depreciation and amortization expense		1,288,162			1,331,032
Selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development costs and advertising costs		19,314,424			15,188,293
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts-manufacturing segment		686,289			(2,666,829	)
Operating income (loss) of manufacturing segment		(15,837,603	)		10,569,294
Distribution Segment
Distribution revenue		13,044,880			4,883,612
Cost of sales		11,999,386			4,548,620
Depreciation and amortization expense-distribution segment		48,352			23,322
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts-distribution segment		39,469			–
Operating income of distribution segment		104,567			12,376
Reconciliation to Consolidated Net Income Attributable to Controlling Interest:
Net income (loss) for reportable segments		(15,733,036	)		10,581,670
Net loss for non segment subsidiaries		(5,563,068	)		(2,928,129	)
Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes		40,413,555			–
Consolidated net income attributable to controlling interest	$	19,117,451		$	7,653,541

17

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

For the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, the Company’s segments were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012			2011
Manufacturing Segment
Revenue from pharmaceutical products	$	44,972,009		$	119,969,639
Revenue from nutraceutical products		4,798,790			28,110,229
Total manufacturing revenue		49,770,799			148,079,868
Cost of sales		34,989,458			72,568,527
Depreciation and amortization expense		3,914,499			3,956,892
Selling, general and administrative expenses, research and development costs and advertising costs		53,462,993			45,220,153
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts-manufacturing segment		2,668,267			(2,666,829	)
Operating income (loss) of manufacturing segment		(45,207,926	)		25,466,535
Distribution Segment
Distribution revenue		32,914,862			11,908,640
Cost of sales		30,365,773			11,295,042
Depreciation and amortization expense-distribution segment		145,604			73,341
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts-distribution segment		752,619			–
Operating loss income of distribution segment		(731,188	)		(129,635	)
Reconciliation to Consolidated Net Income Attributable to Controlling Interest:
Net  income (loss) for reportable segments		(45,939,114	)		25,336,900
Net loss for non segment subsidiaries		(18,301,112	)		(14,155,488	)
Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes		40,413,555			–
Consolidated net  income (loss) attributable to controlling interest	$	(23,826,671	)	$	11,181,412

All operating revenues comprise amounts received from external third party customers. All of the Company’s operations are located in the PRC.  

As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, total assets of the manufacturing and distribution segments are as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2012		2011
Manufacturing	$	309,046,430	$	396,854,361
Distribution		23,365,840		51,672,762
Corporate		168,748,772		116,453,934
Total assets	$	501,161,042	$	564,981,057

NOTE 16 – INCOME TAX

The provisions for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 are summarized as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012		2011
Current tax provision	$	1,376,810	$	5,804,146
Deferred taxes		64,435		(1,712,491	)
Total provision for income taxes	$	1,441,245	$	4,091,655

18

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

The reconciliation of tax computed by applying the statutory income tax rate applicable to the PRC operations to income tax expenses was as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012			2011
Income tax (benefit) provision at PRC statutory tax rate of 25%	$	(5,595,252	)	$	4,066,284
Preferential PRC tax rate of 10%		4,515,026			4,562,515
Effect of different tax rates on non-PRC operations		(4,403,678	)		1,222,046
Non-recognition of income tax benefit for current year losses		6,385,785			(7,516,572	)
Provision for taxes on deemed interest income		1,155,933			1,419,318
Non-deductible expenses in current year		1,505,449			–
Other permanent differences		(2,122,018	)		338,064
Total provision for income taxes	$	1,441,245		$	4,091,655

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the Company’s net deferred tax liabilities as of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2012			2011
Deferred tax assets
Current
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable	$	1,997,523		$	2,751,092
Expenses not deductible in current period		1,195,165			474,711
Total current deferred tax assets		3,192,688			3,225,803
Non-current
Amortization		41,830			79,151
Impairment of fixed assets		221,371			183,958
Total non-current deferred tax assets		263,201			263,109
Total deferred tax assets		3,455,889			3,488,912
Deferred tax liabilities
Current
Excess accruals		(63,689	)		(63,382	)
Other		–			(26,688	)
Total current deferred tax liabilities		(63,689	)		(90,070	)
Non-current
Amortization		(7,097,316	)		(948,322	)
Depreciation		(765,268	)		(128,771	)
GLP step up of acquired assets		(6,767,701	)		(13,495,399	)
Total non-current deferred tax liabilities		(14,630,285	)		(14,572,492	)
Total deferred tax liabilities		(14,693,974	)		(14,662,562	)
Net deferred tax liabilities	$	(11,238,085	)	$	(11,173,650	)

The Company has not recorded a provision for U.S. federal income tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 due to the cumulative tax net operating losses in the United States. As of September 30, 2012, the Company had net operating tax losses carried forward of approximately $12,000,000, $56,000,000 and $9,000,000 in the U.S., PRC, and Hong Kong, respectively. Those losses carried forward in the U.S. expire between years 2025 and 2030, and in the PRC expire between years 2015 and 2018. Losses incurred in Hong Kong are carried forward indefinitely. In the PRC and Hong Kong the subsidiaries with loss carryforwards are taxed on a separate return basis and the Company has determined all amounts should have full valuation allowances. At September 30, 2012, the tax benefit of the loss carryforwards had not been recorded and therefore is not presented in the table above.

19

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

The Company’s PRC subsidiaries that are deemed “high technology” enterprises are subject to preferred tax rates (tax holiday). The table below shows the effect of using the higher rates and earnings per share.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2012			2011
Income (loss) per common share-basic	$	(0.62	)	$	0.30
Effect of tax holiday		0.00			0.00
Pro forma income (loss) per common share-basic	$	(0.62	)	$	0.30

Accrued Taxes

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted guidance for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes which prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken in the tax return. As of September 30, 2012, the Company has recorded an accrued tax of $10,562,815 mainly related to tax positions associated with deemed interest on non-trade intercompany transactions. It is possible that the amount accrued will change in the next 12 months; however, an estimate of the range of the possible change cannot be made at this time. The accrued taxes, if ultimately recognized will impact the effective tax rate.

The Company has various open tax years between 2007 and 2012 in its significant operating jurisdictions.

All of the Company’s operations are conducted in the PRC. At September 30, 2012, the Company’s unremitted foreign earnings of its PRC subsidiaries totaled approximately $185 million and the Company held approximately $33 million of cash and cash equivalents in the PRC.  These unremitted earnings are planned to be reinvested indefinitely into the operations of the Company in the PRC.  While repatriation of some cash held in the PRC may be restricted by local PRC laws, most of the Company's foreign cash balances could be repatriated to the United States but, under current U.S. income tax laws, could be subject to U.S. federal income taxes less applicable foreign tax credits.  Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred U.S. income tax liability on the unremitted earnings is not practicable because of the complexities associated with this hypothetical calculation, and as the Company does not plan to repatriate any cash in the PRC to the United States, no deferred tax liability has not been accrued for cash to be repatriated. 

NOTE 17 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On October 1, 2012, Peter Barbato filed a shareholder derivative Complaint against Tony Liu, Yanchun Li, Binsheng Li, Lawrence Wizel, Cosimo Patti, Xianmin Wang, Eileen Brody, Jun Min, and Baiqing Zhang (collectively, “Defendants”), and the Company as a nominal Defendant.  The Complaint asserts causes of action for Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Unjust Enrichment.  These claims similarly arise out of alleged accounting errors that were made the Company’s financial statements for in the periods between the third quarters ending September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2011, which were filed with the SEC.  The alleged accounting errors were related to the Company’s sale of an interest held by the Company’s subsidiary, Nuo Hua Investment Company Limited, and were disclosed in the Company’s Restatement filed on November 14, 2011.  The Complaint also alleges that its claims arise out of alleged inconsistencies that the Company’s then auditor, Ernst and Young Hua Ming, discovered throughout the course of the Company’s audit for the year ending 2011.  The Parties have agreed that Defendants need not respond to the complaint until motions to dismiss the class action Complaint filed against the Company in the Central District of California are resolved.

On December 6, 2012, David Bravetti filed a shareholder derivative Complaint against Tony Liu, Yanchun Li, Binsheng Li, Jun Min, Lawrence Wizel, Cosimo Patti, Xianmin Wang, Baiqing Zhang, Eileen Brody (collectively, “Defendants”). Because the complaint sets forth a shareholder derivative claim, the Company is named as a nominal Defendant, although no relief is sought for the Company and any relief obtained from the Defendants would inure to the benefit of the Company.  The Complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment.  Bravetti’s claims arose out of alleged accounting errors that were made in the Company’s financial statements for the periods between the third quarters ending September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2011, which financial statements were included in filings made with the SEC.  The alleged accounting errors were related to the Company’s sale of an interest held by the Company’s subsidiary, Nuo Hua Investment Company Limited and were disclosed in the Company’s Restatement filed on November 14, 2011.  The Complaint also alleges that its claims arise out of alleged inconsistencies that the Company’s then auditor, Ernst and Young Hua Ming, discovered throughout the course of the Company’s audit for the year ending 2011.  Although the Complaint claims that jurisdiction is proper in federal court in New Jersey because of diversity of citizenship, according to the Complaint, Bravetti is a New Jersey citizen, as is one of the Defendants. The Company did not file a responsive pleading to Bravetti’s Complaint, and subsequent to seeking and obtaining a default against the Company, Bravetti agreed to dismiss his claim and file elsewhere. Subsequently, however, Bravetti “corrected” his complaint now to claim to be a Florida citizen. On March 26, 2013, Bravetti undertook to provide Defendants proof of his citizenship. That proof has been provided, and Defendants have not come to a conclusion whether this was sufficient. 

20

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AND 2011

On February 19, 2013, the Company received a notice of acceleration under the terms of the Company’s 5.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2015 (the “Senior Notes”) issued pursuant to an Indenture, dated as of July 15, 2008, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Indenture Trustee (the “Indenture”). The notice was sent by certain holders of the Senior Notes that together hold more than 25% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes. The notice states that the default is the result of the Company’s failure to (A) pay to the holders under the terms of the Indenture accrued interest due and payable on each of July 16, 2012 and January 15,2013, which failure to pay continued for a period of thirty (30) days after July 16, 2012 and January 15, 2013, respectively, and (B) provide, pursuant to the terms of the Indenture, a notice of the termination of trading and delisting of the Company’s common stock by the New York Stock Exchange. As of March 4, 2013, the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes, and unpaid, but accrued interest was $53,010,424. The notice of acceleration resulted in the principal amount of the Senior Convertible Notes plus accrued and all unpaid interest and accrued and unpaid Additional Interest (as defined in the Indenture) on the Notes through February 19, 2013, to become immediately due and payable.

On April 8, 2013, four of the holders of the Company’s 5% senior convertible notes issued July 15, 2008 (the “Notes”) filed this action claiming a default under the Notes, which allegedly resulted in an acceleration of the maturity of the Notes. The Plaintiffs had previously commenced a similar action in federal court in New Jersey, but that action was withdrawn and the present action was interposed. The action seeks payment of $20,378,608 plus prejudgment interest and other fees and costs. The Company has been served with the complaint, and Plaintiffs agreed to extend the Company’s time to answer. When that time passed on June 3, 2013, Plaintiffs refused to grant additional time and have now made a motion seeking entry of a default. The Company filed its answer on June 5, 2013.

21

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the information contained in the condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere herein and in conjunction with the Management’s Discussion and Analysis set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. Readers should carefully review the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

As used in this report, the terms “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” and “AOB” refer to American Oriental Bioengineering, Inc., a Nevada corporation.

PRELIMINARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These include statements about our expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies for the future, which we indicate by words or phrases such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “we believe,” “AOB believes,” “management believes” and similar language. The forward-looking statements are based on the current expectations of AOB and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those set forth in the discussion under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this report. Actual results may differ materially from results anticipated in these forward-looking statements. We base the forward-looking statements on information currently available to us, and we assume no obligation to update them.

Investors are also advised to refer to the information in our previous filings with the SEC, especially on Forms 10-K, 10-Q, and 8-K, in which we discuss in more detail various important factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected or historic results. It is not possible to foresee or identify all such factors. As such, investors should not consider any list of such factors to be an exhaustive statement of all risks and uncertainties or potentially inaccurate assumptions.

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Global economic challenges and uncertainties have impacted our business in 2011, 2012 and the first half of 2013. These challenges and uncertainties have negatively affected consumers’ demands for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products, which contributed to the overall decline in sales of our manufacturing segments.

In addition, the establishment of price controls over prescription and over-the-counter medicines negatively impacted our business. There were two price adjustments by the Price Control Office in 2011 and 2012, respectively that lowered certain prices of prescription and over-the-counter medicines. As a result, we lost our ability to compete effectively due to the pricing adjustments, particularly when we entered the state-owned hospitals’ purchase of medicine tendering process. As a result, sales in our manufacturing segments fell sharply.

The continuous increase in cost of raw material also impacted our business as gross profit has declined since the end of 2010.

In addition to the ongoing economic challenges and uncertainties, our business was negatively impacted by the toxic drug capsules incident in 2012. Incidents like that shook the pharmaceutical industry and resulted in a decline in market demand. Although we were not directly involved in the scandal and our facilities were inspected and passed the safety requirements, our subsequent sales have been impacted significantly due to the loss of consumer confidence in pharmaceutical products and huge decline in market demand. All of these challenges, uncertainties and incidents may continue to have an adverse impact on our future performance.

We are taking actions to mitigate the impact of these economic conditions by: 1) focusing on our well-recognized brand names, including AOBO and our Jinji products; 2) diversifying our products through products line extension; and 3) developing and introducing new products.

To mitigate the impact of the increasing cost and supply of the raw material needed for our products, we entered into long-term supply contracts with various third parties to grow Millettia and Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Bge (“XSB”), which are major raw materials. We bear the cultivation cost for these raw materials, including leasing the land use rights. In return, we are entitled to purchase the raw material at a pre-determined discounted price. Through these supply contracts, we believe that we can stabilize the supply of our major raw materials in the long term and reduce the risk of increasing costs in future periods. Subsequent to September 30, 2012, in the fourth quarter of 2012, we recorded an impairment of approximately $8.5 million of our capitalized agricultural costs.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

This section should be read together with the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included as Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 filed with the SEC on January 7, 2013.

22

Estimates affecting accounts receivable and inventories

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reporting of assets and liabilities (and contingent assets and liabilities). These estimates are particularly significant where they affect the reported net realizable value of the Company’s accounts receivable and inventories.

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we provided a reserve of $17,873,220 and $16,354,873, respectively, against accounts receivable. Our estimate of the appropriate reserve on accounts receivable at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was based on the aged nature of these accounts receivable. In making our judgment, we assessed our customers’ ability to continue to pay their outstanding invoices on a timely basis, and whether their financial position might deteriorate significantly in the future, which would result in their inability to pay their debts to the Company.

At September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, we provided an allowance against inventories amounting to $317,290 and $624,516, respectively. Our determination of this allowance was based on potential impairments to the current carrying value of the inventories due to potential obsolescence of aged inventories. In making our estimate, we considered the probable demand for our products in the future and historical trends in the turnover of our inventories.

While we currently believe that there is little likelihood that actual results will differ materially from these current estimates, if customer demand for our products decreases significantly in the near future, or if the financial condition of our customers deteriorates in the near future, we could realize significant write downs for slow-moving inventories or uncollectible accounts receivable and notes receivable.

Policy affecting recognition of revenue

Among the most important accounting policies affecting our consolidated financial statements is our policy of recognizing revenue in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 605 “Revenue Recognition”. Under this policy, all of the following criteria must be met in order for us to recognize revenue:

1. Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

2. Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered;

3. The seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable; and

4. Collectability is reasonably assured.

The majority of our revenue results from sales contracts with distributors and revenue is recorded upon the shipment of goods. Management conducts credit background checks for new customers as a means to reduce the subjectivity of assuring collectability. Based on these factors, we believe that we can apply the provisions of FASB ASC 605 with minimal subjectivity.

Investment in equity method investment

We account for our equity investment in accordance with FASB ASC 323, “Investments–Equity Method and Joint Ventures”. Under FASB ASC 323, the equity method of accounting is used for investments in entities in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence but do not own a majority equity interest or otherwise control. Under the equity method, we initially record our investment at cost and adjust the carrying amount of the investment to recognize our proportionate share of each equity investee’s net income or loss into consolidated statements of income after the date of acquisition.

We monitor our investments for other-than-temporary impairment by considering factors including, but not limited to, current economic and market conditions, the operating performance of the investee companies including current earnings trends and other company-specific information. We perform an impairment assessment by comparing fair value of the investment to readily available market information, or if not available, to discounted cash flow models.

Impairment

In evaluating long-lived assets for recoverability, including finite-lived intangibles and property and equipment, we use our best estimate of future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and eventual disposition. To the extent that estimated future, undiscounted cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, undiscounted cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the difference between the carrying value of such asset and its fair value. Assets to be disposed of and for which there is a committed plan of disposal, whether through sale or abandonment, are reported at the lower of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell.

In evaluating capitalized agriculture costs, we use our best estimate of the future cash flows expected to result from future market values, yields and costs to harvest. To the extent that estimated future cash inflows attributable to the asset, less estimated future, cash outflows, are less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair values of the capitalized agricultural costs.

The Company’s annual impairment testing is performed in the fourth quarter of each year. 

23

Share-based Compensation

We periodically issue stock options and warrants to employees and non-employees in non-capital raising transactions for services and for financing costs. We account for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to employees based on the authoritative guidance provided by the FASB whereas the value of the award is measured on the date of grant and recognized over the vesting period. We account for stock option and warrant grants issued and vesting to non-employees in accordance with the authoritative guidance of the FASB whereas the value of the stock compensation is based upon the measurement date as determined at either a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached, or b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete. Non-employee stock-based compensation charges generally are amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. In certain circumstances where there are no future performance requirements by the non-employee, option grants are immediately vested and the total stock-based compensation charge is recorded in the period of the measurement date.

The fair value of our common stock option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, which uses certain assumptions related to risk-free interest rates, expected volatility, expected life of the common stock options, and future dividends. Compensation expense is recorded based upon the value derived from the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model, and based on actual experience. The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model could materially affect compensation expense recorded in future periods.

Accounting for Income Taxes and Uncertain Income Tax Positions

We use an asset and liability approach for financial accounting and reporting for income taxes that allows recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before we are able to realize their benefits, or that future deductibility is uncertain. We account for uncertainty in income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740-10 which prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Our policy is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

Newly Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In July 2012, FASB issued ASU No. 2012-02, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other”. This update presents an entity with the option to first to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that an indefinite-lived intangible asset is impaired as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the quantitative impairment test in accordance with Subtopic 350-30, “Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – General Intangibles Other than Goodwill”. The more-likely-than-not threshold is defined as having a likelihood of more than fifty percent. ASU No. 2012-02 will be effective for annual and impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after 15 September 2012, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this update will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-01, Balance Sheet (Topic 210): Clarifying Scope of Disclosures Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This ASU clarifies which instruments and transactions are subject to the offsetting disclosure requirements by ASU 2011-11. This guidance is effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning January 1, 2013. We do not believe the adoption of this update will have a material effect on our financial position and results of operations.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-02, “Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” The new guidance requires entities to report the effect of significant reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income on the respective line items in net income unless the amounts are not reclassified in their entirety to net income. For amounts that are not required to be reclassified in their entirety to net income in the same reporting period, entities are required to cross-reference other disclosures that provide additional detail about those amounts. The new guidance is effective prospectively for all interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2012, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this update will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB (including its Emerging Issues Task Force), the AICPA, and the SEC did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company's present or future consolidated financial statements.

24

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AS COMPARED TO THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2011

The following table sets forth the amounts and the percentage relationship to revenues of certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	Results						% of Revenue
	2012			2011			2012		2011
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues	$	29,493,459		$	53,934,602			100%		100%
Cost of sales		23,037,097			28,730,424			78%		53%
GROSS PROFIT		6,456,362			25,204,178			22%		47%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		12,005,502			12,080,424			41%		22%
Advertising costs		9,385,016			2,964,877			32%		5%
Research and development costs		1,681,649			2,825,967			6%		5%
Depreciation and amortization		1,803,167			1,804,888			6%		3%
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts		777,947			(2,666,829	)		3%		-5%
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		(19,196,919	)		8,194,851			-65%		15%
Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes		40,413,555			–			137%		–
Equity in losses from equity method investments		(267,470	)		(796,727	)		-1%		-1%
Interest expense, net		(1,423,839	)		(1,802,954	)		-5%		-3%
Other income (expenses), net		94,724			(116,196	)		0%		0%
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX		19,620,051			5,478,974			67%		10%
Provision for income taxes		487,280			(2,203,013	)		2%		-4%
NET INCOME		19,132,771			7,681,987			65%		14%
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest		(15,320	)		(28,446	)		0%		0%
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC.	$	19,117,451		$	7,653,541			65%		14%
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic	$	0.51		$	0.30
Diluted		0.51			0.29

Revenues

We classify our revenues into two segments: manufacturing revenue and distribution revenue. The manufacturing revenue comprises revenue from pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Revenues by segments and product categories were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase/			Increase/
	2012		2011		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Revenue from pharmaceutical products	$	14,860,925	$	40,276,279	$	(25,415,354	)		-63%
Revenue from nutraceutical products		1,587,654		8,774,711		(7,187,057	)		-82%
Total manufacturing revenue		16,448,579		49,050,990		(32,602,411	)		-66%
Distribution revenue		13,044,880		4,883,612		8,161,268			167%
Total revenues	$	29,493,459	$	53,934,602	$	(24,441,143	)		-45%

25

Revenue from our pharmaceutical products decreased from $40,276,279 for three months ended September 30, 2011 to $14,860,925 for the same period of 2012, or a 63% decrease. The decrease was primarily due to the following factors:

· Rapidly evolving Chinese government healthcare policies have a material impact on the entire pharmaceutical industry in China. In April 2009, the State Council issued “Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health Care System,” a major public health initiative, the goal of which is to provide access to basic medical care for every person in China by 2020. In the implementation of this plan, we witnessed increased dispensing of drugs that were listed on the government-published essential drug list, and of products covered by the National Medical Insurance Catalog. This nationwide trend has exerted a continuous and powerful downward pressure on the pricing of all generic drugs, whether branded or not, resulting in a significant shrinkage of profit margins for manufacturers of these products. Our profit margins from our manufacturing segment decreased from 51% in 2011 to 33% in 2012, principally as a result of this pricing pressure.

· Negative publicity surrounding the discovery of toxic substances in drug capsules in China in 2012 has resulted in an overall decline in demand in the pharmaceutical market. Although we were not directly involved in the scandal and we have passed safety inspections, our sales have been impacted significantly due to the widespread loss of confidence by consumers in pharmaceutical products.

· Because of the actual and potential size of the Chinese pharmaceutical market, we face intense competition from companies that manufacture products similar to ours, which has had a negative impact on our revenues. Many of these manufacturers are more established than we are, have greater brand recognition of products that compete with ours, have more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we presently possess, and have a larger customer base. These competitors are often able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities and customer requirements, and are able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, or adopt more aggressive pricing policies.

· Because traditional Chinese medicine injection products are not covered under the new essential drug list, sales of SHL powder, one of our two flagship products, declined materially from 2011 to 2012.

Revenue in connection with our nutraceutical products decreased from $8,774,711 in 2011 to $1,587,654 in 2012, an 82% decrease. Revenues were adversely affected by the food safety and drug problem in 2012. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in sales from our Soy Peptide tablets and Soy Peptide drinks.

Distribution revenue increased by $8,161,268 or 167%, to $13,044,880 for the three months ended September 30, 2012 from $4,883,612 for the same period of 2011, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Liaoning Baicao, which occurred at the end of 2011.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Cost of sales was $23,037,097 for the three months ended September 30, 2012, compared to $28,730,424 for the three months ended September 30, 2011. Cost of sales by segments and product categories were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase/			Increase/
	2012		2011		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Pharmaceutical products	$	9,785,868	$	19,201,942	$	(9,416,074	)		-49%
Nutraceutical products		1,251,843		4,979,862		(3,728,019	)		-75%
Total manufacturing cost		11,037,711		24,181,804		(13,144,093	)		-54%
Distribution cost		11,999,386		4,548,620		7,450,766			164%
Total cost	$	23,037,097	$	28,730,424	$	(5,693,327	)		-20%

Cost of sales in the manufacturing segment decreased with the corresponding drop in revenues for this segment. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues for the manufacturing segment was 33% in 2012, down from 51% in 2011.

Cost of sales in the distribution segment increased proportionally to the increase in sales from 2011 to 2012, with gross profit as a percentage of revenues also increasing slightly from 7% to 8%.

26

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses, decreased from $12,080,424 in the three months ended September 30, 2011 to $12,005,502 in the three months ended September 30, 2012, representing a 1% decrease. The details of our sales and marketing expenses were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase/			Increase/
	2012		2011		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Promotional materials and fees	$	1,859,918	$	2,339,837	$	(479,919	)		-21%
Payroll		3,020,110		3,238,886		(218,776	)		-7%
Shipping		464,423		878,162		(413,739	)		-47%
Trips and traveling		620,640		1,107,824		(487,184	)		-44%
Professional fees		913,494		534,319		379,175			71%
Staff welfare and insurance		1,134,896		873,021		261,875			30%
Stock based compensation		686,468		850,979		(164,511	)		-19%
Miscellaneous		3,305,553		2,257,396		1,048,157			46%
Total	$	12,005,502	$	12,080,424	$	(74,922	)		-1%

The decrease in promotional fees and travel expenses resulted from fewer marketing and promotional activities carried out during the third quarter of 2012 as compared with the same period of 2011.

The decrease in shipping costs was primarily due to the reduction in sales volume of our products.

Increased professional fees resulted primarily from costs associated with the audit committee’s internal investigation related to our prior auditors’ resignation and the cost of re-auditing the prior year financial statements, which were conducted in 2012.

The increase in staff welfare and insurance expenses was primarily due to the increase of our staff welfare and insurance coverage level as required by Chinese labor law.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs increased by $6,420,139, or 217%, from $2,964,877 in the three months ended September 30, 2011 to $9,385,016 in the three months ended September 30, 2012, primarily as a result of more promotional expense by us in an effort to generate additional sales in the highly competitive Chinese pharmaceutical marketplace. Advertising costs as a percentage of revenue increased from 5% in 2011 to 32% in 2012.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs decreased by $1,144,318 from $2,825,967 in the three months ended September 30, 2011 to $1,681,649 in the three months ended September 30, 2012, primarily as a result of the initial implementation of our cost reduction measures started in 2012, as further discussed in the “Liquidity” section. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, research and development costs were 6% and 5% in 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Our research and development activities consist of near term, middle term and long term stages which contribute to both our current and future business strategies. Our key research and development programs include the improvement of our existing products and development of new products such as SHL Lyophilized Injection Powder, Cease Enuresis Soft Gel and Jinji series products. The majority of our research and development expenditures are on pharmaceutical products.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased by $1,721, or less than 1%, in the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the same period of 2011.

Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts

Provision for doubtful accounts increased from a recovery of $2,666,829 in the three months ended September 30, 2011 to a charge of $777,947 in the three months ended September 30, 2012, due to continued deterioration of our customers’ ability to continue to pay their outstanding invoices on a timely basis. We evaluate the provision for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, based upon our customers’ ability to continue to pay their outstanding invoices on a timely basis, and whether their financial position might deteriorate significantly in the future, which would result in their inability to pay their debts to us.

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Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes

During the three months ended September 30, 2012, we repurchased a total $59,339,000 in principal amount of our convertible Notes for $18,478,888. A gain of debt extinguishment of $40,413,555 was recognized representing the difference between the net carrying value of the notes repurchased and the repurchase price. For additional information, see “Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 12. Convertible Notes.”

Equity in Losses from Equity Method Investments

Equity in losses from equity method investments decreased from income of $796,727 in the three months ended September 30, 2011 to $267,470 in the three months ended September 30, 2012. The decreased loss was mainly due to a smaller loss realized by AXN in the three months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the same period of 2011.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense was $1,423,839 in the three months ended September 30, 2012, compared to $1,802,954 for the three months ended September 30, 2011. The decrease was mainly due to lower interest on convertible notes, as the average balances were lower in 2012 due to the extinguishment of $59,339,000 in face value.

Income Tax

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2012 was 2%, compared to 40% in the three months ended September 30, 2011. The higher effective tax rate in 2011 was mainly due to an increase in valuation allowance change because some of the entities within the group realized a relatively larger accounting loss for 2011 compared to 2010, for which a valuation allowance was fully provided. For additional information, see “Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 16. Income Tax.”

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2012 AS COMPARED TO NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2011

The following table sets forth the amounts and the percentage relationship to revenues of certain items in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Results						% of Revenue
	2012			2011			2012		2011
Statement of Operations Data:
Revenues	$	82,685,661		$	159,988,508			100%		100%
Cost of sales		65,355,231			83,863,569			79%		52%
GROSS PROFIT		17,330,430			76,124,939			21%		48%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		36,047,706			34,577,769			44%		22%
Advertising costs		23,517,447			10,185,380			28%		6%
Research and development costs		4,977,883			8,652,455			6%		5%
Depreciation and amortization		5,462,599			5,359,979			7%		3%
Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts		3,831,195			(2,666,829	)		5%		-2%
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		(56,506,400	)		20,016,185			-68%		13%
Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes		40,413,555			–			49%		–
Equity in losses from equity method investments		(1,756,517	)		(857,811	)		-2%		-1%
Gain on changes in ownership of unconsolidated entities		–			658,540			–		0%
Interest expense, net		(4,975,119	)		(4,850,651	)		-6%		-3%
Other income (expenses), net		443,473			321,571			1%		0%
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAX		(22,381,008	)		15,287,834			-27%		10%
Provision for income taxes		1,441,245			4,091,655			2%		3%
NET (LOSS) INCOME		(23,822,253	)		11,196,179			-29%		7%
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest		(4,418	)		(14,767	)		0%		0%
NET (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC.	$	(23,826,671	)	$	11,181,412			-29%		7%
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE
Basic	$	(0.62	)	$	0.30
Diluted		(0.62	)		0.29

Revenues

We classify our revenues into two segments: manufacturing revenue and distribution revenue. The manufacturing revenue comprises revenue from pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. Revenues by segments and product categories were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase/			Increase/
	2012		2011		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Revenue from pharmaceutical products	$	44,972,009	$	119,969,639	$	(74,997,630	)		-63%
Revenue from nutraceutical products		4,798,790		28,110,229		(23,311,439	)		-83%
Total manufacturing revenue		49,770,799		148,079,868		(98,309,069	)		-66%
Distribution revenue		32,914,862		11,908,640		21,006,222			176%
Total revenues	$	82,685,661	$	159,988,508	$	(77,302,847	)		-48%

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Revenue from our pharmaceutical products decreased from $119,969,639 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to $44,972,009 for the same period of 2012, or a 63% decrease. The decrease was primarily due to the following factors:

· Rapidly evolving Chinese government healthcare policies have a material impact on the entire pharmaceutical industry in China. In April 2009, the State Council issued “Opinions of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of the Medical and Health Care System,” a major public health initiative, the goal of which is to provide access to basic medical care for every person in China by 2020. In the implementation of this plan, we witnessed increased dispensing of drugs that were listed on the government-published essential drug list, and of products covered by the National Medical Insurance Catalog. This nationwide trend has exerted a continuous and powerful downward pressure on the pricing of all generic drugs, whether branded or not, resulting in a significant shrinkage of profit margins for manufacturers of these products. Our profit margins from our manufacturing segment decreased from 51% in 2011 to 30% in 2012, principally as a result of this pricing pressure.

· Negative publicity surrounding the discovery of toxic substances in drug capsules in China in 2012 has resulted in an overall decline in demand in the pharmaceutical market. Although we were not directly involved in the scandal and we have passed safety inspections, our sales have been impacted significantly due to the widespread loss of confidence by consumers in pharmaceutical products.

· Because of the actual and potential size of the Chinese pharmaceutical market, we face intense competition from companies that manufacture products similar to ours, which has had a negative impact on our revenues. Many of these manufacturers are more established than we are, have greater brand recognition of products that compete with ours, have more financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we presently possess, and have a larger customer base. These competitors are often able to respond more quickly to new or changing opportunities and customer requirements, and are able to undertake more extensive promotional activities, offer more attractive terms to customers, or adopt more aggressive pricing policies.

· Because traditional Chinese medicine injection products are not covered under the new essential drug list, sales of SHL powder, one of our two flagship products, declined materially from 2011 to 2012.

Revenue in connection with our nutraceutical products decreased from $28,110,229 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to $4,798,790 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, an 83% decrease. Revenues were adversely affected by the food safety and drug problem in 2012. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in sales from our Soy Peptide tablets and Soy Peptide drinks.

Distribution revenue increased by $21,006,222 or 176%, to $32,914,862 for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 from $11,908,640 for the same period of 2011, primarily as a result of the acquisition of Liaoning Baicao, which occurred at the end of 2011.

Cost of Sales and Gross Profit

Cost of sales was $65,355,231 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, compared to $83,863,569 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase/			Increase/
	2012		2011		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Pharmaceutical products	$	30,839,516	$	57,172,135	$	(26,332,619	)		-46%
Nutraceutical products		4,149,942		15,396,392		(11,246,450	)		-73%
Total manufacturing cost		34,989,458		72,568,527		(37,579,069	)		-52%
Distribution cost		30,365,773		11,295,042		19,070,731			169%
Total cost	$	65,355,231	$	83,863,569	$	(18,508,338	)		-22%

Cost of sales in the manufacturing segment decreased with the corresponding drop in revenues for this segment. Gross profit as a percentage of revenues for the manufacturing segment was 30% in 2012, down from 51% in 2011.

Cost of sales in the distribution segment increased proportionally to the increase in sales from 2011 to 2012, with gross profit as a percentage of revenues also increasing from 5% to 8%.

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses, increased from $34,577,769 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to $36,047,706 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, representing a 4% increase. The details of our sales and marketing expenses were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase/			Increase/
	2012		2011		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Promotional materials and fees	$	4,310,122	$	5,913,443	$	(1,603,321	)		-27%
Payroll		9,476,850		9,511,771		(34,921	)		0%
Shipping		1,360,046		2,714,747		(1,354,701	)		-50%
Trips and traveling		3,182,859		3,116,518		66,341			2%
Professional fees		3,113,476		1,849,396		1,264,080			68%
Staff welfare and insurance		3,977,837		2,706,948		1,270,889			47%
Stock based compensation		2,046,926		2,514,251		(467,325	)		-19%
Miscellaneous		8,579,590		6,250,695		2,328,895			37%
Total	$	36,047,706	$	34,577,769	$	1,469,937			4%

The decrease in promotional fees resulted from fewer marketing and promotional activities carried out during the first three quarters of 2012 as compared with the same period of 2011.

The decrease in shipping costs was primarily due to the reduction in sales volume of our products.

The increase in staff welfare and insurance expenses was primarily due to the increase of our staff welfare and insurance coverage level as required by Chinese labor law.

Increased professional fees resulted primarily from costs associated with the audit committee’s internal investigation related to our prior auditors’ resignation and the cost of re-auditing the prior year financial statements, which were conducted in 2012.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs increased by $13,332,067, or 131%, from $10,185,380 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to $23,517,447 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, primarily as a result of more promotional expense by us in an effort to generate additional sales in the highly competitive Chinese pharmaceutical marketplace. Advertising costs as a percentage of revenue decreased from 6% for 2011 to 28% for 2012.

Research and Development Costs

Research and development costs decreased by $3,674,572 from $8,652,455 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to $4,977,883 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, primarily as a result of the initial implementation of our cost reduction measures started in 2012, as further discussed in the “Liquidity” section. Expressed as a percentage of revenue, research and development costs were 6% and 5% for 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Our research and development activities consist of near term, middle term and long term stages which contribute to both our current and future business strategies. Our key research and development programs include the improvement of our existing products and development of new products such as SHL Lyophilized Injection Powder, Cease Enuresis Soft Gel and Jinji series products. The majority of our research and development expenditures are on pharmaceutical products.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $102,620, or 2%, in the nine months ended September 30, 2012 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2011. This was mainly due to an increase in property and equipment in the final three quarters of 2011, offset by an impairment charge related to acquired intangible assets that was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2011, resulting in lower amortization in 2012.

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Provision for reserves and doubtful accounts

Provision for doubtful accounts increased from a recovery of $2,666,829 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to a charge of $3,831,195 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, due to continued deterioration of our customers’ ability to continue to pay their outstanding invoices on a timely basis. We evaluate the provision for doubtful accounts on an ongoing basis, based upon our customers’ ability to continue to pay their outstanding invoices on a timely basis, and whether their financial position might deteriorate significantly in the future, which would result in their inability to pay their debts to us.

Gain on extinguishment of convertible notes

During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we repurchased a total $59,339,000 in principal amount of our convertible Notes for $18,478,888. A gain of debt extinguishment of $40,413,555 was recognized representing the difference between the net carrying value of the notes repurchased and the repurchase price. For additional information, see “Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 12. Convertible Notes.”

Equity in Losses from Equity Method Investments

Equity in losses from equity method investments decreased from $857,811 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011 to $1,756,517 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012. The increased loss was mainly due to a larger loss realized by AXN in the nine months ended September 30, 2012.

Interest Expense, Net

Net interest expense was $4,975,119 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, compared to $4,850,651 for the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The increase was mainly due to higher average balances of bank acceptance notes to vendors, offset by lower interest expense on convertible notes due to the repurchase of $59,339,000 in principal during the third quarter of 2012.

Income Tax

The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 was 6%, compared to 27% in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The higher effective tax rate in 2011 was mainly due to an increase in valuation allowance change because some of the entities within the group realized a relatively larger accounting loss for 2011 compared to 2010, for which a valuation allowance was fully provided. For additional information, see “Item 1. Financial Statements – Note 19. Income Tax.”

FINANCIAL POSITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash

Our cash position at September 30, 2012 was $26,432,161, representing a decrease of $26,195,767, or 50%, compared with our cash position of $52,627,928 at December 31, 2011. The decrease was mainly attributable to net cash used in operations of $37.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, due in large part to our lower sales and larger operating losses.

We manage our cash based on thorough consideration of our corporate strategy as well as macroeconomic considerations, and we take into account such factors as interest income and foreign currency fluctuation.

Liquidity

Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we recorded a loss from operations of $56,506,400 and utilized cash in operations of $37,139,732.  As of September 30, 2012, we had working capital of $869,366.  In addition, subsequent to September 30, 2012 we were in default of $49,161,000 of our convertible notes due July 15, 2015. On April 8, 2013, four of the holders of the Notes filed this action claiming a default under the Notes, which allegedly resulted in an acceleration of the maturity of the Notes. The Plaintiffs had previously commenced a similar action in federal court in New Jersey, but that action was withdrawn and the present action was interposed. The action seeks payment of $20,378,608 plus prejudgment interest and other fees and costs. The Company has been served with the complaint, and Plaintiffs agreed to extend the Company’s time to answer. When that time passed on June 3, 2013, Plaintiffs refused to grant additional time and have now made a motion seeking entry of a default. The Company filed its answer on June 5, 2013. We presently do not have the ability to pay these notes. These factors, among others, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on our 2012 financial statements, has raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to return to profitability or to develop additional sources of financing or capital. No assurances can be given that we will be successful in obtaining additional financing in the future and any future financing that we may obtain may cause significant dilution to existing stockholders.

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Historically, our main source of cash was through the sales of our products, common stock sales and debt financing.  However, due to the decrease in sales, our ability to meet contractual obligations and payables depends on our ability to implement cost reductions effectively and obtain additional financing. We believe that the ongoing economic challenges and uncertainties experienced in 2012 and the first quarter of 2013 will continue to negatively impact our business in the remainder 2013.  Thus, we expect that for 2013 we will continue to generate losses from operations, and our operating cash flows will not be sufficient to cover operating expense; therefore, we expect to continue to incur net losses

To meet our capital needs, we are considering multiple alternatives, including, but not limited to, additional debt financing and credit lines, delaying capital spending for future periods, and/or operating cost reductions.   We believe we can utilize our properties and land use rights located in Beijing, China to secure such financing.  No assurance can be given that the financing will be available or, if available, that it will be on terms that are satisfactory to us. Even if we are able to obtain additional financing, it may contain undue restrictions on our operations, in the case of debt financing or cause substantial dilution to shareholders, in case or equity financing.

We have implemented a cost reduction plan that includes decreasing our overhead, research and development, and advertising costs, which we estimate will save us 10% to 15% overall compared to 2012. We do not believe that this initiative will jeopardize our current operations or future growth plans materially. We also plan to delay our capital spending and additional expansion to future periods, including investments in construction in progress.

Our plan to delay our capital spending to future periods includes renegotiating the terms of our capital expenditure commitments, and we do not believe such deferrals would cause us material contractual penalties as we believe the contracts can be renegotiated.  We have also examined the structural effect of a delay on the buildings and we believe that they could sustain a delay of at least 2-3 years without comprising overall structural integrity.   We have also evaluated our current production lines and expect that they will continue to function through their estimated useful lives.  

Furthermore, as of September 30, 2012, we had invested in capitalized agricultural cost for $25,831,222.  These pre-harvest agriculture costs usually require substantial investment in the early stages, gradually decreasing to maintenance costs during the growing stage.  We expect that the cost required for these crops will be around $2.5 million per year.  We anticipate that the crops will benefit our operations in terms of raw material supply for internal use, as well as profit from selling to the market in 2018.  

We have also reviewed all of our current material obligations and expect that we could fulfill all of our material commitments, with the exception of construction contracts which we believe can be renegotiated.

We do not plan to further downsize our operations beyond the cost reductions discussed herein, including selling or closing any of our subsidiaries or suspending any ongoing operations.  

Total Debt

We had total of $67,214,059 in debt as of September 30, 2012, as compared to $116,440,026 as of December 31, 2011. The decrease of $49,225,967 was mainly due to the repurchase of convertible notes with a face value of $59,339,000 during the third quarter of 2012.

Cash Flow

Operating Activities

Cash flows used by operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2012 amounted to $37,139,732, representing an increase in cash used of $57,929,115 compared with cash flows provided by operations of $20,787,291 for nine months ended September 30, 2011. The increase in net cash used by operating activities was primarily attributable to: (i) lower sales and resulting increased losses in 2012 as compared to 2011, and (ii) a large decrease in accounts receivable of $16,554,608 in 2011, with a corresponding decrease of accounts receivable of only $9,251,412 in 2012.

Investing Activities

Our net cash provided by investing activities amounted to $25,807,373 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, as compared to net cash used in investing activities of $39,616,540 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The changes mainly included: (i) the collection of notes receivable in the first three quarters of 2012 in the amount of $24,278,884, (ii) cash inflow from the collection of receivable for the sale of the NuoHua affiliate in the amount of $18,278,815 in 2012, and (iii) deposits made against long term assets in the amount of $30,353,949 in 2011.

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Financing Activities

Our net cash provided used in activities was $16,443,390 in the nine months ended September 30, 2012, compared to cash provided by financing activities of $1,956,053 in the nine months ended September 30, 2011. The difference is primarily due to (i) cash used for the purchase of convertible notes in the amount of $18,478,888 in 2012, and (ii) increases in restricted cash of $6,781,052 in 2012 resulting from an increased use of bank acceptance notes which require restricted cash deposits.

Issuance of Common Stock

See Part II, Item 2 for issuance of unregistered shares of common stock.

Inflation

Inflation has not had a material impact on our business.

Currency Exchange Fluctuations

The Company's operations are exposed to a variety of global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. These exposures are managed, in part, with the use of a financial derivative. The Company does not use financial derivatives to hedge exposures in the ordinary course of business or for speculative purposes.

We currently conduct substantially all of our operations through our PRC subsidiaries. The functional currency of our PRC subsidiaries is the Chinese RMB. The financial statements of our PRC subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars using year-end exchange rates as to assets and liabilities and average exchange rates as to revenues, expenses, and cash flows. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transaction occurred. Translation adjustments resulting from this process are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the statement of shareholders’ equity. Transaction gains and losses that arise from exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency are included in the results of operations as incurred.

As the majority of our assets and substantially all of our revenue, costs and expenses are denominated in RMB, any significant revaluation of the RMB may materially and adversely affect our cash flows, revenues and financial condition. For example, if the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues, earnings, and assets, as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements could decline. In addition, if we decide to convert our RMB into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for business purposes, the U.S. dollar equivalent of the RMB we convert would be reduced. On the other hand, to the extent that we need to convert U.S. dollars we receive from an offering of our securities into RMB for our operations, appreciation of the RMB against the U.S. dollar could reduce the amount of the U.S. dollars available.

The local currencies in the countries in which we sell our products may fluctuate in value in relation to other currencies. Such fluctuations may affect the costs of our products sold and the value of our local currency profits. While we are not conducting any operations in countries other than China at the present time, we may expand to other countries and may then have an increased risk of exposure of our business to currency fluctuation.

The PRC government imposes control over the conversion of RMB, into foreign currencies. Under the current unified floating exchange rate system, the People’s Bank of China publishes an exchange rate, which we refer to as the PBOC exchange rate, based on the previous day’s dealings in the inter-bank foreign exchange market. Financial institutions authorized to deal in foreign currency may enter into foreign exchange transactions at exchange rates within an authorized range above or below the PBOC exchange rate according to market conditions.

Pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Control Regulations of the PRC issued by the State Council which came into effect on April 1, 1996, and the Regulations on the Administration of Foreign Exchange Settlement, Sale and Payment of the PRC which came into effect on July 1, 1996, regarding foreign exchange control, conversion of RMB into foreign exchange by Foreign Investment Enterprises, or FIEs, for use on current account items, including the distribution of dividends and profits to foreign investors, is permissible. FIEs are permitted to convert their after-tax dividends and profits to foreign exchange and remit such foreign exchange to their foreign exchange bank accounts in China. Conversion of RMB into foreign currencies for capital account items, including direct investment, loans, and security investment, is still under certain restrictions. On January 14, 1997, the State Council amended the Foreign Exchange Control Regulations and added, among other things, an important provision, which provides that the PRC government shall not impose restrictions on recurring international payments and transfers under current account items.

Enterprises in China, including FIEs, which require foreign exchange for transactions relating to current account items, if within a certain limited amount may, without approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE, effect payment from their foreign exchange account or convert and pay at the designated foreign exchange banks by providing valid receipts and proofs.

Convertibility of foreign exchange in respect of capital account items, such as direct investment and capital contribution, is still subject to certain restrictions, and prior approval from the SAFE or its relevant branches must be sought.

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Between 1994 and 2004, the exchange rate for RMB against the U.S. dollar remained relatively stable, most of the time in the region of approximately RMB8.28 to US$1.00. However, in 2005, the Chinese government announced that it would begin pegging the exchange rate of the RMB against a number of currencies, rather than just the U.S. dollar.

Since a significant amount of our future revenues are expected to be denominated in RMB, any existing and future restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to utilize revenue generated in China to fund our business activities outside of China, if any, or expenditures denominated in foreign currencies, or our ability to meet our foreign currency obligations, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot be certain that the PRC regulatory authorities will not impose more stringent restrictions on the convertibility of RMB with respect to foreign exchange transactions.

We recognized a foreign currency translation adjustment of $3.3 million and $16.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The balance sheet amounts with the exception of equity at September 30, 2012 were translated at 6.3340 RMB to $1.00 USD as compared to 6.3647 RMB at December 31, 2011. The equity accounts were stated at their historical rate.

The average translation rates applied to the income and cash flow statement amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 2011 were 6.3313 RMB and 6.4329 RMB to $1.00 USD, respectively. We do not hedge our exposure to foreign exchange risk; as such, we may in the future experience economic loss as a result of any foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There were no material changes in the Company’s market risk components since December 31, 2011. For a discussion of our market risk, see “Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our 2011 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report (the “Evaluation Date”), we carried out an evaluation in accordance with the requirements of applicable U.S. rules.  The Company’s management, which includes its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with respect to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q before its filing with the SEC.  The internal audit group made its evaluation pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act.

Based upon our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were not effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Description of Material Weakness

A material weakness in internal control over financial reporting is defined as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Management is continuing its review of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as it believes the following material weaknesses still exist: (i) a lack of senior management personnel who have the requisite U.S. GAAP experience to prepare financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP; (ii) the Company did not maintain an adequate financial reporting organizational structure to support the complexity and operating activities of the Company resulting in a weakness in efficiency and controls related to the financial statement closing process. However, the Company has taken steps described below to remediate these deficiencies.

In response to the material weaknesses identified below, management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, commenced to implement the measures described below to address the material weaknesses. This remediation effort is both to address the identified material weaknesses and to enhance the Company’s overall financial control environment. The material weaknesses identified by management are in the process of being remediated.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the first quarter of the fiscal year that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Remediation plans

In response to the material weaknesses identified above, management commenced to implement the measures described below to remediate the material weaknesses: 

· Management revised its policies and procedures relating to the identification of significant transactions that will impact its financial accounting and disclosures. This includes the establishment of a Disclosure Committee consisting of the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, other accounting and operational management as deemed necessary and the Audit Committee financial expert. The responsibility of the Disclosure Committee is to assist the Company’s financial reporting team in ensuring that the accounting consequences of the Company’s material transactions are captured and reflected in the Company’s financial statements on a timely and accurate manner.

· Management established a reporting threshold for significant and material transactions to those who are responsible for oversight the financial reporting, particularly to the Audit Committee.

· Management established a threshold for significant and material transactions that would require approval from the board of directors.

· Management designed controls to obtain internal certifications from operational management to ensure all important transactions, contracts and agreements have been appropriately disclosed to the Disclosure Committee.

The material weaknesses identified by management are not remediated as of the date of the filing of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. The Company has performed additional substantive procedures to ensure that the financial information reflected in this report is supported and the financial statements are fairly presented as of the date of this amended report. The Audit Committee has directed management to develop a detailed plan and timetable for the implementation of the above-referenced remediation measures. In addition, with the oversight of the Audit Committee, management will continue to review and make necessary changes to the overall design of the system of internal controls and the control environment, as well as policies and procedures to improve the overall effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

As of September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, the Company was subject to various legal proceedings and claims. Management continues to evaluate the lawsuits discussed below and based on the stage of these proceedings, management is unable to reasonably estimate the likelihood of any loss or the amount or range of any potential loss that could result from the litigation.  Therefore, at September 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011, no accrual has been established for any potential loss in connection with these lawsuits. Should the Company fail to prevail in any of these legal matters or should several of these legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, the operating results of a particular reporting period could be materially adversely affected. 

On June 23, 2010, Haining Zhang asserted breach of contract, fraudulent dealing, and breach of fiduciary duty claims against the Company and its Chief Executive Officer, Shu Jun Liu (together “Defendants”).  Zhang’s claims arose out of an alleged 2003 investment banking advisory and consultant agreement, whereby Zhang allegedly arranged for the Company to receive an equity line of credit and was allegedly given the exclusive right to arrange financing transactions for the Company for a period of one year.  Zhang sought damages for allegedly unpaid financing commission and advisory compensation in the amount of $2,410,000, plus interest and expenses.  On September 12, 2011, the District Court granted a motion by Defendants to dismiss Zhang’s claims as either barred by the applicable statute of limitations or as failing to state a claim.  Zhang filed a notice of appeal on October 11, 2011.  On April 23, 2013, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the District Court’s dismissal of Zhang’s claims.  Although Zhang has 90 days from the date of the Second Circuit’s decision in which to seek an appeal to the United States Supreme Court, the Company does not believe the Supreme Court would hear an appeal of Zhang’s case.

On June 22, 2012, a putative class action complaint was filed by Kevin McGee against American Oriental Bioengineering Inc, Eileen Brody, Binsheng Li, Yangchun Li, Tony Liu, Cosimo Patti, Xianmin Wang, and Lawrence Wizel alleging violations of Section 10b of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and liability pursuant to Section 20(a) thereunder. The complaint, as subsequently amended (see below) centers on the accounting treatment of the sale of an interest held by the Company’s subsidiary, Nuo Hua Investment Company Limited and the Company’s Restatement filed on November 14, 2011. Several motions were filed for appointment as lead plaintiff, and on October 16, 2012, the Court appointed lead plaintiff, consolidated the cases, and ordered that a consolidated complaint be filed, which occurred on November 19, 2012. The served defendants (AOB, Brody, Wizel and Patti) moved to dismiss the consolidated complaint, and on March 25, 2013 those motions were granted with leave to amend. On April 15, 2013, Plaintiffs filed a Second Amended Complaint, which the served Defendants moved to dismiss on May 15, 2013. In the interim, the Court granted Plaintiffs’ motion for leave to serve most of the remaining Defendants by alternative means, and on May 15, 2013, the parties entered into a stipulation consenting to the filing of a Third Amended Complaint (“TAC,” setting forth no new paragraphs), deeming the TAC served on all defendants, deeming the motion to dismiss the Second Amended Complaint interposed against the TAC, and reserving all rights of the un-served Defendants.

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On October 1, 2012, Peter Barbato filed a shareholder derivative Complaint against Tony Liu, Yanchun Li, Binsheng Li, Lawrence Wizel, Cosimo Patti, Xianmin Wang, Eileen Brody, Jun Min, and Baiqing Zhang (collectively, “Defendants”), and the Company as a nominal Defendant.  The Complaint asserts causes of action for Breach of Fiduciary Duty and Unjust Enrichment.  These claims similarly arise out of alleged accounting errors that were made the Company’s financial statements for in the periods between the third quarters ending September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2011, which were filed with the SEC.  The alleged accounting errors were related to the Company’s sale of an interest held by the Company’s subsidiary, Nuo Hua Investment Company Limited, and were disclosed in the Company’s Restatement filed on November 14, 2011.  The Complaint also alleges that its claims arise out of alleged inconsistencies that the Company’s then auditor, Ernst and Young Hua Ming, discovered throughout the course of the Company’s audit for the year ending 2011.  The Parties have agreed that Defendants need not respond to the complaint until motions to dismiss the class action Complaint filed against the Company in the Central District of California are resolved.

On December 6, 2012, David Bravetti filed a shareholder derivative Complaint against Tony Liu, Yanchun Li, Binsheng Li, Jun Min, Lawrence Wizel, Cosimo Patti, Xianmin Wang, Baiqing Zhang, Eileen Brody (collectively, “Defendants”). Because the complaint sets forth a shareholder derivative claim, the Company is named as a nominal Defendant, although no relief is sought for the Company and any relief obtained from the Defendants would inure to the benefit of the Company.  The Complaint asserts causes of action for breach of fiduciary duty, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment.  Bravetti’s claims arose out of alleged accounting errors that were made in the Company’s financial statements for the periods between the third quarters ending September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2011, which financial statements were included in filings made with the SEC.  The alleged accounting errors were related to the Company’s sale of an interest held by the Company’s subsidiary, Nuo Hua Investment Company Limited and were disclosed in the Company’s Restatement filed on November 14, 2011.  The Complaint also alleges that its claims arise out of alleged inconsistencies that the Company’s then auditor, Ernst and Young Hua Ming, discovered throughout the course of the Company’s audit for the year ending 2011.  Although the Complaint claims that jurisdiction is proper in federal court in New Jersey because of diversity of citizenship, according to the Complaint, Bravetti is a New Jersey citizen, as is one of the Defendants. The Company did not file a responsive pleading to Bravetti’s Complaint, and subsequent to seeking and obtaining a default against the Company, Bravetti agreed to dismiss his claim and file elsewhere. Subsequently, however, Bravetti “corrected” his complaint now to claim to be a Florida citizen. On March 26, 2013, Bravetti undertook to provide Defendants proof of his citizenship. That proof has been provided, and Defendants have not come to a conclusion whether this was sufficient. 

On April 8, 2013, four of the holders of the Company’s 5% senior convertible notes issued July 15, 2008 (the “Notes”) filed this action claiming a default under the Notes, which allegedly resulted in an acceleration of the maturity of the Notes. The Plaintiffs had previously commenced a similar action in federal court in New Jersey, but that action was withdrawn and the present action was interposed. The action seeks payment of $20,378,608 plus prejudgment interest and other fees and costs. The Company has been served with the complaint, and Plaintiffs agreed to extend the Company’s time to answer. When that time passed on June 3, 2013, Plaintiffs refused to grant additional time and have now made a motion seeking entry of a default. The Company filed its answer on June 5, 2013.

There are no other known legal proceedings against the Company.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes or new risks since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

On July 15, 2008 the Company issued $115,000,000 of its 5% senior convertible notes. The net proceeds from the sale of the convertible notes were $110,358,550. During the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company repurchased a total of $59,339,000 and $6,500,000, respectively, in principal amount of the convertible notes for cash consideration of $18,478,888 and $3,160,004, respectively, leaving an aggregate of $49,161,000 in principal amount outstanding as of September 30, 2013.

The Company is in default of the Notes, which was caused by the delisting of the Company’s common stock by the NYSE as described in the Form 25NSE filed on April 16, 2012 by the NYSE; and by the non-payment of the interest due on July 15, 2012. On April 8, 2013, the Plaintiffs filed an action claiming a default under the Notes, which allegedly resulted in an acceleration of the maturity of the Notes. The Plaintiffs had previously commenced a similar action in federal court in New Jersey, which action was withdrawn and the present action interposed. The action seeks payment of $20,378,608 plus prejudgment interest and other fees and costs. An adverse judgment related to this proceeding would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

Exhibit No.	Description
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a – 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to Rule 13a – 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended
32	Certification of Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Document, XBRL Taxonomy Extension
101.CAL	Calculation Linkbase, XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.DEF	Linkbase, XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.LAB	Linkbase, XBRL Taxonomy Extension
101.PRE	Presentation Linkbase

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

AMERICAN ORIENTAL BIOENGINEERING, INC.

/s/ Tony Liu

TONY LIU

CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

DATED: August 2, 2013

/s/ Yanchun Li

YANCHUN LI

CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

DATED: August 2, 2013

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