Restructuring

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2019

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

Restructuring

Restructuring

The following table summarizes restructuring reserve activity during the six months ended June 30, 2019 (in millions):

	Employee Severance and Benefits
Accrued liability as of January 1, 2019	$	8
Charges	41
Payments	(39		)
Accrued liability as of June 30, 2019	$	10

In February 2019, management approved a plan to drive operational improvement that included the reduction of workforce, primarily in our Marketplace segment. We incurred pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $41 million, which were primarily related to employee severance and benefits. The reduction was substantially completed in the first quarter of 2019. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, we incurred pre-tax restructuring charges of approximately $84 million related to a strategic global workforce reduction that was substantially completed in the second quarter of 2018. Restructuring charges are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of income.