EX-99.1 2 w83678exv99w1.htm EX-99.1 exv99w1
Exhibit 99.1
(SALLIEMAE LOGO)
 
SALLIE MAE REPORTS SECOND-QUARTER FINANCIAL RESULTS
 
NEWARK, Del., July 20, 2011 — Sallie Mae (NYSE: SLM) today released second-quarter 2011 financial results that reflected increased student loan originations and improved student loan delinquencies.
 
“We today report solid second quarter performance. I am particularly pleased we continue to reduce credit costs and operating expenses as expected. I am also encouraged by private credit growth in a subdued economy,” said Albert L. Lord, vice chairman and CEO. “Sallie Mae is focused on our customers’ financial needs and enthusiastically builds new products to help students and families save and pay for college.”
 
GAAP second-quarter 2011 net loss was $6 million ($.02 diluted loss per share), compared to net income of $338 million ($.63 diluted earnings per share) in the same quarter last year. The decrease was due to a pre-tax $414 million unrealized, mark-to-market loss on certain derivative contracts recognized in GAAP but not in core earnings results, compared to a $211 million unrealized, mark-to-market gain in the year-ago quarter.
 
Core earnings were $260 million ($.48 diluted earnings per share) in second-quarter 2011, compared to $211 million ($.39 diluted earnings per share) in the year-ago period. Improved credit quality and operating expenses combined more than offset lower debt repurchase gains. The company manages its business segments on a core earnings basis, as described further below.
 
Consumer Lending
 
In the consumer lending segment, Sallie Mae originates, finances and services private education loans.
 
Core earnings were $49 million, compared to a net loss of $12 million in the second quarter last year. The improvement was primarily due to a decreased loan loss provision. Loan delinquencies and charge-offs both improved.
 
Highlights vs. second-quarter 2010 included:
 
  •  Loan originations were $264 million, up 21 percent from $219 million. The portfolio totaled $35.8 billion at June 30, 2011, compared to $35.2 billion one year earlier.
 
  •  Net interest margin was 4.05 percent, compared to 3.79 percent.
 
  •  The provision for loan losses declined to $265 million, compared to $349 million.
 
  •  Delinquencies of 90 days or more (as a percentage of loans in repayment) were 4.7 percent, compared to 5.8 percent.
 
  •  The annual charge-off rate (as a percentage of loans in repayment) improved to 3.7 percent, compared to 5.3 percent.
 
Business Services
 
Sallie Mae’s business services segment includes fees from servicing, collections and college savings businesses.
 
Core earnings were $140 million in second-quarter 2011, compared to $127 million in the year-ago quarter. The improvement was driven by substantial FFELP loan acquisitions last year that increased FFELP loan servicing revenue.
 
Federally Guaranteed Loans (FFELP)
 
This segment represents earnings from Sallie Mae’s amortizing FFELP portfolio.


 

Core earnings were $108 million in second-quarter 2011, compared to $95 million in the year-ago quarter. Second-quarter 2011 net interest margin was 0.98 percent, compared to 0.95 percent in the year-ago quarter. These increases were primarily driven by last year’s substantial FFELP loan portfolio acquisitions.
 
Operating Expenses
 
Operating expenses were $268 million in second-quarter 2011, compared to $303 million in first-quarter 2011 and $309 million in the year-ago quarter.
 
Operating expenses in second-quarter 2011 included $13 million of servicing costs related to the $25 billion student loan portfolio acquisition at the end of last year and $2 million for litigation contingencies. The company expects these servicing costs to decline as the acquired portfolio converts to the company’s loan servicing system in 2011.
 
Funding and Liquidity
 
During the quarter, the company issued an $821 million FFELP asset-backed securitization and two private loan securitizations totaling $1.4 billion.
 
The company also repurchased $60 million of debt and realized $0.3 million of gains in second-quarter 2011, compared with $1.4 billion and $91 million in the year-ago quarter.
 
Dividend and Common Share Repurchase Program
 
In second-quarter 2011, Sallie Mae paid a common stock dividend of $.10 per share and repurchased 9.6 million common shares for $156 million as part of its previously announced $300 million share repurchase program.
 
Guidance
 
The company expects its results to be as follows:
 
  •  Full year 2011 private education loan originations of $2.5 billion.
 
  •  Quarterly operating expense of $250 million in fourth-quarter 2011.
 
  •  Fully diluted 2011 core earnings per share of $1.80.
 
***
 
Sallie Mae reports financial results on a GAAP basis and also presents certain core earnings performance measures. The primary difference between the company’s pre-tax core earnings and GAAP results for the quarter was unrealized, mark-to-market losses on certain derivative contracts. The company’s management, equity investors, credit rating agencies and debt capital providers use these core earnings measures to monitor the company’s business performance. See “Core Earnings — Definition and Limitations” for a further discussion and a complete reconciliation between GAAP net income and core earnings. Given the significant variability of valuations of derivative instruments on expected GAAP net income, the company does not provide a GAAP equivalent for its core earnings per share guidance.
 
Definitions for capitalized terms in this document can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2010 (filed with the SEC on Feb. 28, 2011).
 
***
 
Presentation slides for the conference call discussed below, as well as additional information about the company’s loan portfolios, new operating segments, and other details, may be accessed at www.SallieMae.com/investors under the webcasts tab.
 
The company will host an earnings conference call tomorrow, July 21, at 8 a.m. EDT. Sallie Mae executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company’s


2


 

performance. Individuals interested in participating in the call should dial (877) 356-5689 (USA and Canada) or dial (706) 679-0623 (international) and use access code 75902491 starting at 7:45 a.m. EDT. A live audio webcast of the conference call may be accessed at www.SallieMae.com/investors. Investors may access a replay of the conference call via the company’s website within one hour after the call’s conclusion. A telephone replay may be accessed two hours after the call’s conclusion through August 4, by dialing (800) 642-1687 (USA and Canada) or (706) 645-9291 (international) with access code 75902491.
 
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” and information based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this release. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the company’s beliefs or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others, the risks and uncertainties set forth in Item 1A “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2010, and subsequent filings with the SEC; increases in financing costs; limits on liquidity; increases in costs associated with compliance with laws and regulations; changes in accounting standards and the impact of related changes in significant accounting estimates; any adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which the company is a party; credit risk associated with the company’s exposure to third parties, including counterparties to the company’s derivative transactions; and changes in the terms of student loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from new laws and the implementation of existing laws). The company could also be affected by, among other things: changes in its funding costs and availability; reductions to its credit ratings; failures of its operating systems or infrastructure, including those of third-party vendors; damage to its reputation; failures to successfully implement cost-cutting and restructuring initiatives and adverse effects of such initiatives on its business; changes in the demand for educational financing or in financing preferences of lenders, educational institutions, students and their families; changes in law and regulations with respect to the student lending business and financial institutions generally; increased competition from banks and other consumer lenders; the creditworthiness of its customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the rate relationships among relevant money-market instruments and those of its earning assets vs. its funding arrangements; changes in general economic conditions; and changes in the demand for debt management services. The preparation of the company’s consolidated financial statements also requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect. All forward-looking statements contained in this release are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this release. The company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements to conform the statement to actual results or changes in its expectations.
 
***
 
Sallie Mae (NYSE:  SLM) is the nation’s No. 1 saving, planning and paying for college company. Serving 23 million customers, Sallie Mae offers innovative savings tools, tuition payment plans and education loans that promote responsible financial habits and reward success. Through its subsidiaries, the company manages or services $234 billion in education loans and administers $38 billion in 529 college savings plans. Members of its Upromise college savings rewards program have earned $600 million to help pay for college. Sallie Mae is also one of the leading financial service providers for universities and governments at all levels, including supporting $8 billion in ecommerce transactions annually at nearly 1,000 campuses. More information is available at www.SallieMae.com. SLM Corporation and its subsidiaries, commonly known as Sallie Mae, are not sponsored by or agencies of the United States of America.
 
# # #
 
CONTACTS:
 
     
Media
  Martha Holler, (302) 283-4036, martha.holler@SallieMae.com
Patricia Nash Christel, (302) 283-4076, patricia.christel@SallieMae.com
Investors
  Steve McGarry, (302) 283-4074, steven.mcgarry@SallieMae.com
Joe Fisher, (302) 283-4075, joe.fisher@SallieMae.com


3


 

Selected Financial Information and Ratios
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share data)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
GAAP Basis
                                       
Net income (loss)
  $ (6 )   $ 175     $ 338     $ 169     $ 578  
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share(1)
  $ (.02 )   $ .32     $ .63     $ .30     $ 1.08  
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings (loss) per share
    524       532       527       531       527  
Return on assets
    (.01 )%     .36 %     .68 %     .18 %     .59 %
                                         
“Core Earnings” Basis(2)
                                       
“Core Earnings” net income
  $ 260     $ 260     $ 211     $ 520     $ 425  
“Core Earnings” diluted earnings per common share(1)
  $ .48     $ .48     $ .39     $ .96     $ .79  
Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share
    530       532       527       531       527  
“Core Earnings” return on assets
    .54 %     .54 %     .43 %     .54 %     .44 %
                                         
Other Operating Statistics
                                       
Ending FFELP Loans, net
  $ 142,635     $ 145,558     $ 148,492     $ 142,635     $ 148,492  
Ending Private Education Loans, net
    35,753       35,966       35,151       35,753       35,151  
                                         
Ending total student loans, net
  $ 178,388     $ 181,524     $ 183,643     $ 178,388     $ 183,643  
                                         
Average student loans
  $ 180,783     $ 184,387     $ 184,571     $ 182,575     $ 183,060  
 
 
(1) Preferred dividends of $15 million and $29 million, applicable to our convertible Series C Preferred Stock, were added back to the numerator in the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, in computing diluted earnings per share, as the Series C Preferred Stock was dilutive. The Series C Preferred Stock was fully converted to common shares on December 15, 2010.
 
(2) “Core Earnings” are non-GAAP measures and do not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. For a greater explanation of “Core Earnings,” see the section titled ‘“Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations” and subsequent sections.


4


 

 
Results of Operations
 
We present the results of operations below on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP. The presentation of our results on a segment basis is not in accordance with GAAP. We have four business segments: FFELP Loans, Consumer Lending, Business Services and Other. Since these segments operate in distinct business environments and we manage and evaluate the financial performance of these segments using non-GAAP financial measures, these segments are presented on a “Core Earnings” basis (see “‘Core Earnings’ Definitions and Limitations”).
 
GAAP Statements of Income (Unaudited)
 
                                                         
                      June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30, 2011 vs.
 
                      March 31, 2011
    June 30, 2010
 
    Quarters Ended     Increase
    Increase
 
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    (Decrease)     (Decrease)  
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
  2011     2011     2010     $     %     $     %  
 
Interest income:
                                                       
FFELP Loans
  $ 850     $ 877     $ 876     $ (27 )     (3 )%   $ (26 )     (3 )%
Private Education Loans
    600       604       575       (4 )     (1 )     25       4  
Other loans
    5       6       7       (1 )     (17 )     (2 )     (29 )
Cash and investments
    5       5       7                   (2 )     (29 )
                                                         
Total interest income
    1,460       1,492       1,465       (32 )     (2 )     (5 )      
Total interest expense
    592       594       569       (2 )           23       4  
                                                         
Net interest income
    868       898       896       (30 )     (3 )     (28 )     (3 )
Less: provisions for loan losses
    291       303       382       (12 )     (4 )     (91 )     (24 )
                                                         
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
    577       595       514       (18 )     (3 )     63       12  
Other income (loss):
                                                       
Gains (losses) on sales of loans and securities, net
                (3 )                 3       (100 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    (510 )     (242 )     95       (268 )     111       (605 )     (637 )
Servicing revenue
    93       98       99       (5 )     (5 )     (6 )     (6 )
Contingency revenue
    86       78       88       8       10       (2 )     (2 )
Gains on debt repurchases
          38       91       (38 )     (100 )     (91 )     (100 )
Other income (loss)
    3       22       (3 )     (19 )     (86 )     6       200  
                                                         
Total other income (loss)
    (328 )     (6 )     367       (322 )     5,367       (695 )     (189 )
Expenses:
                                                       
Operating expenses
    268       303       309       (35 )     (12 )     (41 )     (13 )
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization expense
    6       6       10                   (4 )     (40 )
Restructuring expenses
    2       4       18       (2 )     (50 )     (16 )     (89 )
                                                         
Total expenses
    276       313       337       (37 )     (12 )     (61 )     (18 )
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit)
    (27 )     276       544       (303 )     (110 )     (571 )     (105 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (10 )     99       199       (109 )     (110 )     (209 )     (105 )
                                                         
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    (17 )     177       345       (194 )     (110 )     (362 )     (105 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax expense (benefit)
    11       (2 )     (7 )     13       650       18       257  
                                                         
Net income (loss)
    (6 )     175       338       (181 )     (103 )     (344 )     (102 )
Preferred stock dividends
    4       4       19                   (15 )     (79 )
                                                         
Net income (loss) attributable to common stock
  $ (10 )   $ 171     $ 319     $ (181 )     (106 )%   $ (329 )     (103 )%
                                                         
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
                                                       
Continuing operations
  $ (.04 )   $ .32     $ .67     $ (.36 )     (113 )%   $ (.71 )     (106 )%
Discontinued operations
    .02             (.01 )     .02       100       .03       300  
                                                         
Total
  $ (.02 )   $ .32     $ .66     $ (.34 )     (106 )%   $ (.68 )     (103 )%
                                                         
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
                                                       
Continuing operations
  $ (.04 )   $ .32     $ .64     $ (.36 )     (113 )%   $ (.68 )     (106 )%
Discontinued operations
    .02             (.01 )     .02       100       .03       300  
                                                         
Total
  $ (.02 )   $ .32     $ .63     $ (.34 )     (106 )%   $ (.65 )     (103 )%
                                                         
Dividends per common share
  $ .10     $     $     $ .10       100 %   $ .10       100 %
                                                         
 


5


 

                                 
    Six Months
       
    Ended
    Increase
 
    June 30,     (Decrease)  
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
  2011     2010     $     %  
 
Interest income:
                               
FFELP Loans
  $ 1,727     $ 1,682     $ 45       3 %
Private Education Loans
    1,204       1,141       63       6  
Other loans
    11       16       (5 )     (31 )
Cash and investments
    10       11       (1 )     (9 )
                                 
Total interest income
    2,952       2,850       102       4  
Total interest expense
    1,186       1,100       86       8  
                                 
Net interest income
    1,766       1,750       16       1  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    594       741       (147 )     (20 )
                                 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
    1,172       1,009       163       16  
Other income (loss):
                               
Gains (losses) on sales of loans and securities, net
          5       (5 )     (100 )
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    (752 )     13       (765 )     (5,885 )
Servicing revenue
    191       221       (30 )     (14 )
Contingency revenue
    164       168       (4 )     (2 )
Gains on debt repurchases
    38       181       (143 )     (79 )
Other income
    25       12       13       108  
                                 
Total other income (loss)
    (334 )     600       (934 )     (156 )
Expenses:
                               
Operating expenses
    572       597       (25 )     (4 )
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization expense
    12       19       (7 )     (37 )
Restructuring expenses
    5       43       (38 )     (88 )
                                 
Total expenses
    589       659       (70 )     (11 )
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
    249       950       (701 )     (74 )
Income tax expense
    90       358       (268 )     (75 )
                                 
Net income from continuing operations
    159       592       (433 )     (73 )
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax benefit
    10       (14 )     24       171  
                                 
Net income
    169       578       (409 )     (71 )
Preferred stock dividends
    8       37       (29 )     (78 )
                                 
Net income attributable to common stock
  $ 161     $ 541     $ (380 )     (70 )%
                                 
Basic earnings (loss) per common share:
                               
Continuing operations
  $ .29     $ 1.15     $ (.86 )     (75 )%
Discontinued operations
    .02       (.03 )     .05       167  
                                 
Total
  $ .31     $ 1.12     $ (.81 )     (72 )%
                                 
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:
                               
Continuing operations
  $ .28     $ 1.11     $ (.83 )     (75 )%
Discontinued operations
    .02       (.03 )     .05       167  
                                 
Total
  $ .30     $ 1.08     $ (.78 )     (72 )%
                                 
Dividends per common share
  $ .10     $     $ .10       100 %
                                 

6


 

GAAP Balance Sheet (Unaudited)
 
                         
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions, except per share data)
  2011     2011     2010  
 
Assets
                       
FFELP Loans (net of allowance for losses of $189; $190 and $189, respectively)
  $ 142,635     $ 145,558     $ 128,315  
FFELP Stafford Loans Held-For-Sale
                20,177  
Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of $2,043; $2,034 and $2,042, respectively)
    35,753       35,966       35,151  
Cash and investments
    5,284       4,763       7,680  
Restricted cash and investments
    6,075       6,393       6,253  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net
    480       472       1,158  
Other assets
    10,130       10,203       8,585  
                         
Total assets
  $ 200,357     $ 203,355     $ 207,319  
                         
                         
Liabilities
                       
Short-term borrowings
  $ 30,766     $ 32,317     $ 46,472  
Long-term borrowings
    160,765       161,886       152,251  
Other liabilities
    3,814       3,945       3,509  
                         
Total liabilities
    195,345       198,148       202,232  
                         
                         
Commitments and contingencies
                       
                         
Equity
                       
Preferred stock, par value $.20 per share, 20 million shares authorized:
                       
Series A: 3.3 million; 3.3 million; and 3.3 million shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $50 per share
    165       165       165  
Series B: 4 million; 4 million; and 4 million shares, respectively, issued at stated value of $100 per share
    400       400       400  
Series C: 7.25% mandatory convertible preferred stock: 0; 0; and 810 thousand shares, respectively, issued at liquidation preference of $1,000 per share
                810  
Common stock, par value $.20 per share, 1.125 billion shares authorized:
                       
529 million; 527 million; and 554 million shares, respectively, issued
    106       105       111  
Additional paid-in capital
    4,114       4,092       5,123  
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax benefit
    (30 )     (35 )     (43 )
Retained earnings
    418       480       391  
                         
Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock
    5,173       5,207       6,957  
Common stock held in treasury: 10 million; 0 and 68 million shares, respectively
    170             1,870  
                         
Total SLM Corporation stockholders’ equity
    5,003       5,207       5,087  
Noncontrolling interest
    9              
                         
Total equity
    5,012       5,207       5,087  
                         
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 200,357     $ 203,355     $ 207,319  
                         


7


 

Consolidated Earnings Summary — GAAP-basis
 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2011 Compared with Three Months Ended June 30, 2010
 
For the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, net income (loss) was $(6) million, or $(.02) diluted loss per common share, and $338 million, or $.63 diluted earnings per common share, respectively. The decrease in net income was primarily due to a $605 million increase in net losses on derivative and hedging activities and a $91 million decrease in gains on debt repurchases. These reductions were partially offset by a $63 million increase in net interest income after provisions for loan losses and a $61 million decrease in total expenses.
 
The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current quarter compared with the year-ago quarter are as follows:
 
  •  Net interest income decreased by $28 million primarily as a result of a $3.8 billion decline in the average balance of our student loan portfolio and higher funding costs.
 
  •  Provisions for loan losses decreased by $91 million as a result of the improving performance of the Private Education Loan portfolio.
 
  •  Net losses on derivatives and hedging activities increased by $605 million. The primary factors affecting the change in losses were interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during the period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivatives and hedging activities may vary significantly in future periods.
 
  •  Servicing revenue decreased by $6 million primarily due to 2010 legislation that eliminated the origination of new FFELP Loans, thereby eliminating Guarantor issuance fees on new FFELP Loans. Outstanding FFELP Loans for which we earn additional fees also declined.
 
  •  Gains on debt repurchases decreased $91 million year-over-year as we repurchased less debt in the current period. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.
 
  •  Operating expenses decreased $41 million primarily due to our ongoing cost savings initiative and an $18 million reduction in litigation contingency expenses. The second quarter of 2011 included $13 million of third-party servicing expenses related to the $25 billion loan portfolio acquisition on December 31, 2010 and $2 million of litigation contingency expenses. The second quarter of 2010 included $6 million of restructuring-related asset impairments and $20 million in litigation contingency expenses.
 
  •  Restructuring expenses decreased $16 million primarily as a result of the substantial completion of our plan for restructuring the Company initiated during 2010 in response to legislation ending FFELP. Restructuring our operations in response to the elimination of FFELP required us to significantly reduce our operations and related operating costs associated with the origination of FFELP Loans. Restructuring expenses associated with continuing operations under this plan were $2 million in the second quarter of 2011 and $18 million in the second quarter of 2010. We currently expect to incur an estimated $9 million of additional restructuring costs in 2011. The majority of these expenses will be severance costs.
 
  •  The effective tax rates for the second quarters of 2011 and 2010 were 36 percent and 37 percent, respectively.
 
  •  Net income from discontinued operations, net in the three months ended June 30, 2011 increased $18 million primarily due to a higher yield on our Purchased Paper — Non-Mortgage portfolio as a result of higher than expected collections. At the end of 2010, we began actively marketing our Purchased Paper — Non-Mortgage business for sale and concluded it was probable this business would be sold within one year at which time we would exit the business. As a result, the results of operations


8


 

  of this business were required to be presented as discontinued operations beginning in the fourth quarter of 2010. Our Purchased Paper businesses are presented as discontinued operations for the current and prior periods. We are currently seeking bids for this portfolio and anticipate closing on the sale of the portfolio in the second half of 2011.
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2011 Compared with Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
 
For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, net income was $169 million, or $.30 diluted earnings per common share, and $578 million, or $1.08 diluted earnings per common share, respectively. The decrease in net income for the six months ended June 30, 2011 as compared with the prior year period was primarily due to a $765 million increase in net losses on derivative and hedging activities and a $143 million decrease in gains on debt repurchases. These were partially offset by a $163 million increase in net interest income after provisions for loans losses and a $70 million decrease in total expenses.
 
The primary contributors to each of the identified drivers of changes in net income for the current six-month period compared with the year-ago six-month period are as follows:
 
  •  Net interest income increased by $16 million primarily the result of incremental net interest income from the acquisition of $25 billion of securitized student loans on December 31, 2010, which was partially offset by higher funding costs.
 
  •  Provisions for loan losses decreased by $147 million as a result of the improving performance of the Private Education Loan portfolio which was primarily driven by the improving credit quality of the portfolio as well as an overall improvement in the economy.
 
  •  Net losses on derivatives and hedging activities increased by $765 million primarily due to interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which primarily affected the valuations of our Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during the period. Valuations of derivative instruments vary based upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivatives and hedging activities may vary significantly in future periods.
 
  •  Servicing revenue decreased by $30 million primarily due to 2010 legislation that eliminated the origination of new FFELP Loans, thereby eliminating Guarantor issuance fees on new FFELP Loans. Outstanding FFELP Loans for which we earn additional fees also declined.
 
  •  Gains on debt repurchases decreased $143 million as we repurchased less debt in the current period. Debt repurchase activity will fluctuate based on market fundamentals and our liability management strategy.
 
  •  Other income increased by $13 million primarily due to an increase in foreign currency translation gains. The foreign currency translation gains relate to a portion of our foreign currency denominated debt that does not receive hedge accounting treatment. These gains were partially offset by the “losses on derivative and hedging activities, net” line item on the income statement related to the derivatives used to economically hedge these debt instruments.
 
  •  Operating expenses decreased $25 million primarily as a result of our cost saving initiative. The first half of 2011 included $25 million of third-party servicing expenses related to the $25 billion loan portfolio acquisition on December 31, 2010, $12 million of litigation contingency expenses and $11 million from the acceleration of stock compensation. The first half of 2010 included $10 million of restructuring related impairments and $20 million of litigation contingency expenses.
 
  •  Restructuring expenses decreased $38 million primarily the result of the substantial completion of our plan for restructuring the Company initiated during 2010 in response to legislation ending the FFELP.
 
  •  The effective tax rates for six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 were 36 percent and 38 percent, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was primarily driven by the impact of state tax rate changes recorded in the first half of 2010.


9


 

 
  •  Net income from discontinued operations, net for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $10 million compared with a net loss from discontinued operations of $14 million for the six months ended June 30, 2010. The change was primarily driven by a higher yield on our Purchased Paper — Non-Mortgage portfolio as a result of higher than expected collections.
 
“Core Earnings” — Definition and Limitations
 
We prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, we also evaluate our business segments on a basis that differs from GAAP. We refer to this different basis of presentation as “Core Earnings.” We provide this “Core Earnings” basis of presentation on a consolidated basis for each business segment because this is what we internally review when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors. Because our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation corresponds to our segment financial presentations, we are required by GAAP to provide “Core Earnings” disclosure in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for our business segments.
 
“Core Earnings” are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We use “Core Earnings” to manage each business segment because “Core Earnings” reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for two items, discussed below, that create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that “Core Earnings” provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information as we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. The two items adjusted for in our “Core Earnings” presentations are: (1) our use of derivatives instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness and (2) the accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets.
 
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation does not. “Core Earnings” are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our “Core Earnings” are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our “Core Earnings” presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon “Core Earnings.” “Core Earnings” results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.
 
Specific adjustments that management makes to GAAP results to derive our “Core Earnings” basis of presentation are described in detail in the section entitled ‘“Core Earnings’ — Definition and Limitations — Differences between ‘Core Earnings’ and GAAP” below.


10


 

The following tables show “Core Earnings” for each business segment and our business as a whole along with the adjustments made to the income/expense items to reconcile the amounts to our reported GAAP results as required by GAAP.
 
                                                                 
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2011  
    FFELP
    Consumer
    Business
                Total “Core
          Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Loans     Lending     Services     Other     Eliminations(1)     Earnings”     Adjustments(2)     GAAP  
 
Interest income:
                                                               
Student loans
  $ 721     $ 600     $     $     $     $ 1,321     $ 129     $ 1,450  
Other loans
                      5             5             5  
Cash and investments
    1       2       2       2       (2 )     5             5  
                                                                 
Total interest income
    722       602       2       7       (2 )     1,331       129       1,460  
Total interest expense
    357       201             14       (2 )     570       22       592  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    365       401       2       (7 )           761       107       868  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    23       265             3             291             291  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    342       136       2       (10 )           470       107       577  
Servicing revenue
    21       15       244             (187 )     93             93  
Contingency revenue
                86                   86             86  
Gains on debt repurchases
                                               
Other income (loss)
                11       3             14       (521 )     (507 )
                                                                 
Total other income (loss)
    21       15       341       3       (187 )     193       (521 )     (328 )
Expenses:
                                                               
Direct operating expenses
    192       73       121             (187 )     199             199  
Overhead expenses
                      69             69             69  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
    192       73       121       69       (187 )     268             268  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
                                        6       6  
Restructuring expenses
          1             1             2             2  
                                                                 
Total expenses
    192       74       121       70       (187 )     270       6       276  
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    171       77       222       (77 )           393       (420 )     (27 )
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
    63       28       82       (29 )           144       (154 )     (10 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    108       49       140       (48 )           249       (266 )     (17 )
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
                      11             11             11  
                                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 108     $ 49     $ 140     $ (37 )   $     $ 260     $ (266 )   $ (6 )
                                                                 
 
 
 
(1) The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.
 
 
(2) “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
 
                         
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2011
        Net Impact of
   
    Net Impact of
  Goodwill and
   
    Derivative
  Acquired
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Accounting   Intangibles   Total
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
  $ 107     $     $ 107  
Total other income (loss)
    (521 )           (521 )
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
          6       6  
                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ (414 )   $ (6 )     (420 )
                         
Income tax benefit
                    (154 )
                         
Net loss
                  $ (266 )
                         
 
(3) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 


11


 

                                                                 
    Quarter Ended March 31, 2011  
    FFELP
    Consumer
    Business
                Total “Core
          Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Loans     Lending     Services     Other     Eliminations(1)     Earnings”     Adjustments(2)     GAAP  
 
Interest income:
                                                               
Student loans
  $ 736     $ 604     $     $     $     $ 1,340     $ 141     $ 1,481  
Other loans
                      6             6             6  
Cash and investments
    1       3       3       1       (3 )     5             5  
                                                                 
Total interest income
    737       607       3       7       (3 )     1,351       141       1,492  
Total interest expense
    370       197             15       (3 )     579       15       594  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    367       410       3       (8 )           772       126       898  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    23       275             5             303             303  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    344       135       3       (13 )           469       126       595  
Servicing revenue
    25       17       245             (189 )     98             98  
Contingency revenue
                78                   78             78  
Gains on debt repurchases
                      64             64       (26 )     38  
Other income (loss)
                11       2             13       (233 )     (220 )
                                                                 
Total other income (loss)
    25       17       334       66       (189 )     253       (259 )     (6 )
Expenses:
                                                               
Direct operating expenses
    195       82       128       8       (189 )     224             224  
Overhead expenses
                      79             79             79  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
    195       82       128       87       (189 )     303             303  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
                                        6       6  
Restructuring expenses
    1       1       1       1             4             4  
                                                                 
Total expenses
    196       83       129       88       (189 )     307       6       313  
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    173       69       208       (35 )           415       (139 )     276  
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
    64       25       76       (12 )           153       (54 )     99  
                                                                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    109       44       132       (23 )           262       (85 )     177  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
                      (2 )           (2 )           (2 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 109     $ 44     $ 132     $ (25 )   $     $ 260     $ (85 )   $ 175  
                                                                 
 
 
(1) The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.
 
(2) “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
 
                         
    Quarter Ended March 31, 2011
        Net Impact of
   
    Net Impact of
  Goodwill and
   
    Derivative
  Acquired
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Accounting   Intangibles   Total
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
  $ 126     $     $ 126  
Total other income (loss)
    (259 )           (259 )
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
          6       6  
                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ (133 )   $ (6 )     (139 )
                         
Income tax benefit
                    (54 )
                         
Net loss
                  $ (85 )
                         
 
(3) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 

12


 

                                                                 
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2010  
    FFELP
    Consumer
    Business
                Total “Core
          Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Loans     Lending     Services     Other     Eliminations(1)     Earnings”     Adjustments(2)     GAAP  
 
Interest income:
                                                               
Student loans
  $ 744     $ 575     $     $     $     $ 1,319     $ 132     $ 1,451  
Other loans
                      7             7             7  
Cash and investments
    2       4       4       1       (4 )     7             7  
                                                                 
Total interest income (loss)
    746       579       4       8       (4 )     1,333       132       1,465  
Total interest expense
    382       183             11       (4 )     572       (3 )     569  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    364       396       4       (3 )           761       135       896  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    29       349             4             382             382  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    335       47       4       (7 )           379       135       514  
Servicing revenue
    15       21       228             (165 )     99             99  
Contingency revenue
                88                   88             88  
Gains on debt repurchases
                      91             91             91  
Other income
                13                   13       76       89  
                                                                 
Total other income (loss)
    15       21       329       91       (165 )     291       76       367  
Expenses:
                                                               
Direct operating expenses
    187       86       133       2       (165 )     243             243  
Overhead expenses
                      66             66             66  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
    187       86       133       68       (165 )     309             309  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
                                        10       10  
Restructuring expenses
    15       1       2                   18             18  
                                                                 
Total expenses
    202       87       135       68       (165 )     327       10       337  
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    148       (19 )     198       16             343       201       544  
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
    53       (7 )     71       8             125       74       199  
                                                                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    95       (12 )     127       8             218       127       345  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
                      (7 )           (7 )           (7 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 95     $ (12 )   $ 127     $ 1     $     $ 211     $ 127     $ 338  
                                                                 
 
 
(1) The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.
 
(2) “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
 
                         
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2010
        Net Impact of
   
    Net Impact of
  Goodwill and
   
    Derivative
  Acquired
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Accounting   Intangibles   Total
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
  $ 135     $     $ 135  
Total other income
    76             76  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
          10       10  
                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 211     $ (10 )     201  
                         
Income tax expense
                    74  
                         
Net income
                  $ 127  
                         
 
(3) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 

13


 

                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2011  
    FFELP
    Consumer
    Business
                Total “Core
          Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Loans     Lending     Services     Other     Eliminations(1)     Earnings”     Adjustments(2)     GAAP  
 
Interest income:
                                                               
Student loans
  $ 1,457     $ 1,204     $     $     $     $ 2,661     $ 270     $ 2,931  
Other loans
                      11             11             11  
Cash and investments
    2       5       5       3       (5 )     10             10  
                                                                 
Total interest income (loss)
    1,459       1,209       5       14       (5 )     2,682       270       2,952  
Total interest expense
    726       399             29       (5 )     1,149       37       1,186  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    733       810       5       (15 )           1,533       233       1,766  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    46       540             8             594             594  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    687       270       5       (23 )           939       233       1,172  
Servicing revenue
    46       32       489             (376 )     191             191  
Contingency revenue
                164                   164             164  
Gains on debt repurchases
                      64             64       (26 )     38  
Other income
                21       6             27       (754 )     (727 )
                                                                 
Total other income (loss)
    46       32       674       70       (376 )     446       (780 )     (334 )
Expenses:
                                                               
Direct operating expenses
    387       155       249       9       (376 )     424             424  
Overhead expenses
                      148             148             148  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
    387       155       249       157       (376 )     572             572  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
                                        12       12  
Restructuring expenses
    1       2       1       1             5             5  
                                                                 
Total expenses
    388       157       250       158       (376 )     577       12       589  
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    345       145       429       (111 )           808       (559 )     249  
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
    127       54       158       (41 )           298       (208 )     90  
                                                                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    218       91       271       (70 )           510       (351 )     159  
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
                      10             10             10  
                                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 218     $ 91     $ 271     $ (60 )   $     $ 520     $ (351 )   $ 169  
                                                                 
 
 
(1) The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.
 
(2) “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
 
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
        Net Impact of
   
    Net Impact of
  Goodwill and
   
    Derivative
  Acquired
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Accounting   Intangibles   Total
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
  $ 233     $     $ 233  
Total other income (loss)
    (780 )           (780 )
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
          12       12  
                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ (547 )   $ (12 )     (559 )
                         
Income tax benefit
                    (208 )
                         
Net loss
                  $ (351 )
                         
 
(3) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.
 

14


 

                                                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2010  
    FFELP
    Consumer
    Business
                Total “Core
          Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Loans     Lending     Services     Other     Eliminations(1)     Earnings”     Adjustments(2)     GAAP  
 
Interest income:
                                                               
Student loans
  $ 1,386     $ 1,141     $     $     $     $ 2,527     $ 296     $ 2,823  
Other loans
                      16             16             16  
Cash and investments
    4       6       8       1       (8 )     11             11  
                                                                 
Total interest income (loss)
    1,390       1,147       8       17       (8 )     2,554       296       2,850  
Total interest expense
    718       356             21       (8 )     1,087       13       1,100  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss)
    672       791       8       (4 )           1,467       283       1,750  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    52       674             15             741             741  
                                                                 
Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses
    620       117       8       (19 )           726       283       1,009  
Servicing revenue
    36       41       473             (329 )     221             221  
Contingency revenue
                168                   168             168  
Gains on debt repurchases
                      181             181               181  
Other income
                24       11             35       (5 )     30  
                                                                 
Total other income (loss)
    36       41       665       192       (329 )     605       (5 )     600  
Expenses:
                                                               
Direct operating expenses
    375       166       252       4       (329 )     468             468  
Overhead expenses
                      129             129             129  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
    375       166       252       133       (329 )     597             597  
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
                                        19       19  
Restructuring expenses
    33       3       5       2             43             43  
                                                                 
Total expenses
    408       169       257       135       (329 )     640       19       659  
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    248       (11 )     416       38             691       259       950  
Income tax expense (benefit)(3)
    89       (4 )     149       18             252       106       358  
                                                                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    159       (7 )     267       20             439       153       592  
Loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes
                      (14 )           (14 )           (14 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 159     $ (7 )   $ 267     $ 6     $     $ 425     $ 153     $ 578  
                                                                 
 
 
(1) The eliminations in servicing revenue and direct operating expense represent the elimination of intercompany servicing revenue where the Business Services segment performs the loan servicing function for the FFELP Loans segment.
 
(2) “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP:
 
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
        Net Impact of
   
    Net Impact of
  Goodwill and
   
    Derivative
  Acquired
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Accounting   Intangibles   Total
 
Net interest income after provisions for loan losses
  $ 283     $     $ 283  
Total other income (loss)
    (5 )           (5 )
Goodwill and acquired intangible assets impairment and amortization
          19       19  
                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments to GAAP
  $ 278     $ (19 )     259  
                         
Income tax benefit
                    106  
                         
Net loss
                  $ 153  
                         
 
(3) Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.

15


 

 
Differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP
 
The following discussion summarizes the differences between “Core Earnings” and GAAP net income, and details each specific adjustment required to reconcile our “Core Earnings” segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
“Core Earnings”
  $ 260     $ 260     $ 211     $ 520     $ 425  
“Core Earnings” adjustments:
                                       
Net impact of derivative accounting
    (414 )     (133 )     211       (547 )     278  
Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangibles
    (6 )     (6 )     (10 )     (12 )     (19 )
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments before income tax effect
    (420 )     (139 )     201       (559 )     259  
Net income tax effect
    154       54       (74 )     208       (106 )
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” adjustments
    (266 )     (85 )     127       (351 )     153  
                                         
GAAP net income (loss)
  $ (6 )   $ 175     $ 338     $ 169     $ 578  
                                         
 
  1)  Derivative Accounting: “Core Earnings” exclude periodic unrealized gains and losses that are caused primarily by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP. To a lesser extent, these periodic unrealized gains and losses are also a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges. These unrealized gains and losses occur in our FFELP Loans, Consumer Lending and Other business segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the cumulative net unrealized gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts where the cumulative unrealized gain will equal the amount for which we sold the contract. In our “Core Earnings” presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life.
 
The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting on our net income for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, when compared with the accounting principles employed in all years prior to the adoption of ASC 815 related to accounting for derivative financial instruments.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
“Core Earnings” derivative adjustments:
                                       
Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income(1)
  $ (510 )   $ (242 )   $ 95     $ (752 )   $ 13  
Plus: Realized losses on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    185       186       226       371       431  
                                         
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
    (325 )     (56 )     321       (381 )     444  
Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income contracts in net interest income
    (74 )     (85 )     (90 )     (159 )     (144 )
Other derivative accounting adjustments to reflect economic impact
    (15 )     8       (20 )     (7 )     (22 )
                                         
Total net impact derivative accounting(2)
  $ (414 )   $ (133 )   $ 211     $ (547 )   $ 278  
                                         
 
 
(1) See “Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities” below for a detailed breakdown of the components of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities.
 
(2) Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income and positive amounts are added to “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.


16


 

 
Reclassification of Realized Gains (Losses) on Derivative and Hedging Activities
 
The derivative accounting requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives and realized gains/losses related to derivative dispositions (collectively referred to as “realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities”) that do not qualify as hedges to be recorded in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. The table below summarizes the realized losses on derivative and hedging activities and the associated reclassification on a “Core Earnings” basis for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
Reclassification of realized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities:
                                       
Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income
  $ (202 )   $ (226 )   $ (222 )   $ (428 )   $ (433 )
Net settlement income on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income
    17       16       (5 )     33       2  
Foreign exchange derivatives losses reclassified to other income
          (1 )     1       (1 )     1  
Net realized gains (losses) on terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income
          25             25       (1 )
                                         
Total reclassifications of realized losses on derivative and hedging activities
    (185 )     (186 )     (226 )     (371 )     (431 )
Add: Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net(1)
    (325 )     (56 )     321       (381 )     444  
                                         
Losses on derivative and hedging activities, net
  $ (510 )   $ (242 )   $ 95     $ (752 )   $ 13  
                                         
 
 
(1) “Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net” comprises the following unrealized mark-to-market gains (losses):
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,
  March 31,
  June 30,
  June 30,
  June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
  2011   2011   2010   2011   2010
 
Floor Income Contracts
  $ (277 )   $ 151     $ (42 )   $ (126 )   $ (23 )
Basis swaps
    25       (6 )     263       19       326  
Foreign currency hedges
    (110 )     (194 )     99       (304 )     107  
Other
    37       (7 )     1       30       34  
                                         
Total unrealized gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net
  $ (325 )   $ (56 )   $ 321     $ (381 )   $ 444  
                                         
 
  2)  Goodwill and Acquired Intangibles: Our “Core Earnings” exclude goodwill and intangible impairment and the amortization of acquired intangibles. The following table summarizes the acquired intangible adjustments for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
“Core Earnings” goodwill and acquired intangibles adjustments(1):
                                       
Amortization of acquired intangibles from continuing operations
  $ (6 )   $ (6 )   $ (10 )   $ (12 )   $ (19 )
                                         
Total “Core Earnings” goodwill and acquired intangibles adjustments
  $ (6 )   $ (6 )   $ (10 )   $ (12 )   $ (19 )
                                         
 
 
(1) Negative amounts are subtracted from “Core Earnings” net income to arrive at GAAP net income.


17


 

 
Segment Earnings Summary — “Core Earnings” Basis
 
FFELP Loans Segment
 
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our FFELP Loans segment.
 
                                                                 
                      % Increase
 
    Quarters Ended     % Increase (Decrease)     Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
                      June 30, 2011
    June 30, 2011
                June 30, 2011
 
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    vs.
    vs.
    June 30,
    June 30,
    vs.
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     Mar. 31, 2011     June 30, 2010     2011     2010     June 30, 2010  
 
“Core Earnings” interest income:
                                                               
FFELP Loans
  $ 721     $ 736     $ 744       (2 )%     (3 )%   $ 1,457     $ 1,386       5 %
Cash and investments
    1       1       2             (50 )     2       4       (50 )
                                                                 
Total “Core Earnings” interest income
    722       737       746       (2 )     (3 )     1,459       1,390       5  
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense
    357       370       382       (4 )     (7 )     726       718       1  
                                                                 
Net “Core Earnings” interest income
    365       367       364       (1 )           733       672       9  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    23       23       29             (21 )     46       52       (12 )
                                                                 
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provisions for loan losses
    342       344       335       (1 )     2       687       620       11  
Servicing revenue
    21       25       15       (16 )     40       46       36       28  
Direct operating expenses
    192       195       187       (2 )     3       387       375       3  
Restructuring expenses
          1       15       (100 )     (100 )     1       33       (97 )
                                                                 
Total expenses
    192       196       202       (2 )     (5 )     388       408       (5 )
                                                                 
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense
    171       173       148       (1 )     16       345       248       39  
Income tax expense
    63       64       53       (2 )     19       127       89       43  
                                                                 
“Core Earnings”
  $ 108     $ 109     $ 95       (1 )%     14 %   $ 218     $ 159       37 %
                                                                 
 
FFELP Loans “Core Earnings” Basis Net Interest Margin
 
The following table shows the FFELP Loans “Core Earnings” basis net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP-basis FFELP Loans net interest margin.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP student loan yield
    2.57 %     2.63 %     2.64 %     2.60 %     2.57 %
Hedged Floor Income
    .20       .23       .24       .22       .21  
Unhedged Floor Income
    .19       .08       .01       .13       .01  
Consolidation Loan Rebate Fees
    (.66 )     (.66 )     (.57 )     (.66 )     (.58 )
Repayment Borrower Benefits
    (.12 )     (.10 )     (.10 )     (.11 )     (.10 )
Premium amortization
    (.17 )     (.15 )     (.20 )     (.16 )     (.20 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP student loan net yield
    2.01       2.03       2.02       2.02       1.91  
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP student loan cost of funds
    (.96 )     (.96 )     (.97 )     (.96 )     (.93 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP student loan spread
    1.05       1.07       1.05       1.06       .98  
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP other asset spread impact
    (.07 )     (.09 )     (.10 )     (.08 )     (.09 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loans net interest margin(1)
    .98 %     .98 %     .95 %     .98 %     .89 %
                                         
                                         
 
 
“Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loans net interest margin(1)
    .98 %     .98 %     .95 %     .98 %     .89 %
Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment
    .32       .35       .34       .34       .38  
                                         
GAAP-basis FFELP Loans net interest margin
    1.30 %     1.33 %     1.29 %     1.32 %     1.27 %
                                         
 
 
(1) The average balances of our FFELP “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:
 
                                         
(Dollars in millions)
                             
 
FFELP Loans
  $ 143,999     $ 147,381     $ 148,101     $ 145,681     $ 146,486  
Other interest-earning assets
    4,982       5,016       5,649       4,999       5,655  
                                         
Total FFELP “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets
  $ 148,981     $ 152,397     $ 153,750     $ 150,680     $ 152,141  
                                         


18


 

The “Core Earnings” basis FFELP Loans net interest margin for the six months ended June 30, 2011 compared with the prior year period increased nine basis points which was primarily the result of an increase in Floor Income.
 
As of June 30, 2011, our FFELP Loan portfolio totaled approximately $142.6 billion, comprised of $52.8 billion of FFELP Stafford and $89.8 billion of FFELP Consolidation Loans. The weighted-average life of these portfolios is 4.9 years and 9.3 years, respectively, assuming a Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) of 6 percent and 3 percent, respectively.
 
FFELP Provisions for Loan Losses and Loan Charge-Offs
 
The following tables summarize the FFELP Loan provisions for loan losses and FFELP Loan charge-offs for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,
  March 31,
  June 30,
  June 30,
  June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
  2011   2011   2010   2011   2010
 
FFELP Loan provisions for loan losses
  $ 23     $ 23     $ 29     $ 46     $ 52  
FFELP Loan charge-offs
    21       20       24       41       46  
 
Operating Expenses — FFELP Loans Segment
 
Operating expenses for our FFELP Loans segment primarily include the contractual rates we pay to service loans in term asset-backed securitization trusts or a similar rate if a loan is not in a term financing facility (which is presented as an intercompany charge from the Business Services segment who services the loans), the fees we pay for third-party loan servicing and costs incurred to acquire loans. The increases in operating expenses in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 were primarily the result of the increase in servicing costs related to the $25 billion loan portfolio acquisition on December 31, 2010. Operating expenses, excluding restructuring-related asset impairments, were 53 basis points and 49 basis points of average FFELP Loans in the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, and 54 basis points and 51 basis points for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.


19


 

 
Consumer Lending Segment
 
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results for our Consumer Lending segment.
 
                                                                 
                      % Increase
 
    Quarters Ended     % Increase (Decrease)     Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30, 2011 vs.
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     Mar. 31, 2011     June 30, 2010     2011     2010     June 30, 2010  
 
“Core Earnings” interest income:
                                                               
Private Education Loans
  $ 600     $ 604     $ 575       (1 )%     4 %   $ 1,204     $ 1,141       6 %
Cash and investments
    2       3       4       (33 )     (50 )     5       6       (17 )
                                                                 
Total “Core Earnings” interest income
    602       607       579       (1 )     4       1,209       1,147       5  
Total “Core Earnings” interest expense
    201       197       183       2       10       399       356       12  
                                                                 
Net “Core Earnings” interest income
    401       410       396       (2 )     1       810       791       2  
Less: provisions for loan losses
    265       275       349       (4 )     (24 )     540       674       (20 )
                                                                 
Net “Core Earnings” interest income after provisions for loan losses
    136       135       47       1       189       270       117       131  
Servicing revenue
    15       17       21       (12 )     (29 )     32       41       (22 )
Direct operating expenses
    73       82       86       (11 )     (15 )     155       166       (7 )
Restructuring expenses
    1       1       1                   2       3       (33 )
                                                                 
Total expenses
    74       83       87       (11 )     (15 )     157       169       (7 )
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    77       69       (19 )     12       505       145       (11 )     1,418  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    28       25       (7 )     12       500       54       (4 )     1,450  
                                                                 
“Core Earnings” (loss)
  $ 49     $ 44     $ (12 )     11 %     508 %   $ 91     $ (7 )     1,400 %
                                                                 
 
Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” Basis Net Interest Margin
 
The following table shows the Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” net interest margin along with reconciliation to the GAAP-basis Consumer Lending net interest margin before provisions for loan losses.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
    2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Student Loan yield
    6.29 %     6.36 %     6.05 %     6.32 %     6.02 %
Discount amortization
    .26       .26       .28       .26       .27  
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan net yield
    6.55       6.62       6.33       6.58       6.29  
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan cost of funds
    (2.02 )     (1.97 )     (1.72 )     (1.99 )     (1.70 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loan spread
    4.53       4.65       4.61       4.59       4.59  
“Core Earnings” basis other asset spread impact
    (.48 )     (.54 )     (.82 )     (.51 )     (.78 )
                                         
“Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)
    4.05 %     4.11 %     3.79 %     4.08 %     3.81 %
                                         
                                         
 
 
“Core Earnings” basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)
    4.05 %     4.11 %     3.79 %     4.08 %     3.81 %
Adjustment for GAAP accounting treatment
    (.05 )     (.04 )     .04       (.05 )     .02  
                                         
GAAP-basis Consumer Lending net interest margin(1)
    4.00 %     4.07 %     3.83 %     4.03 %     3.83 %
                                         
 
 
(1) The average balances of our Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets for the respective periods are:
 
                                         
(Dollars in millions)
                   
 
Private Education Loans
  $ 36,784     $ 37,006     $ 36,470     $ 36,894     $ 36,574  
Other interest-earning assets
    2,910       3,360       5,506       3,134       5,290  
                                         
Total Consumer Lending “Core Earnings” basis interest-earning assets
  $ 39,694     $ 40,366     $ 41,976     $ 40,028     $ 41,864  
                                         


20


 

The Private Education Loan spread remained relatively consistent across all periods presented. The increase in the net interest margin for both the comparable prior year quarter and six month period was primarily the result of a decline in the average balance of our Other asset portfolio. The size of the Other asset portfolio, which is primarily securitization trust restricted cash and cash held at Sallie Mae Bank (the “Bank”), has decreased significantly since the first quarter 2010. This Other asset portfolio earns a negative yield and as a result, when its relative weighting decreases compared to the Private Education Loan portfolio, the overall net interest margin increases.
 
Private Education Loans Provisions for Loan Losses and Loan Charge-Offs
 
The following tables summarize the total Private Education Loans provisions for loan losses and charge-offs for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,
  March 31,
  June 30,
  June 30,
  June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
  2011   2011   2010   2011   2010
 
Private Education Loans provision for loan losses
  $ 265     $ 275     $ 349     $ 540     $ 674  
Private Education Loans charge-offs
    263       273       336       537       620  
 
The continuing improvements for all periods presented above are primarily a result of the improving credit quality of the portfolio as well as an overall improvement to the U.S. economy. The Private Education Loan portfolio experienced a significant increase in delinquencies through the first quarter of 2010 (delinquencies as a percentage of loans in repayment were 12.2 percent at March 31, 2010); since then delinquencies as a percentage of loans in repayment have declined to 10.0 percent at June 30, 2011. Private Education Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance increased to 4.7 percent from the prior quarter’s 4.6 percent and decreased from the year-ago quarter’s 5.3 percent. Charge-offs as a percentage of loans in repayment have declined significantly from 5.3 percent in the second quarter 2010 to 3.7 percent in the second quarter of 2011. The Private Education Loan allowance coverage of annual charge-offs ratio was 1.9 at June 30, 2011 compared with 1.5 at June 30, 2010. The allowance for loan losses as a percentage of ending Private Education Loans in repayment decreased from 7.9 percent at June 30, 2010 to 7.1 percent at June 30, 2011. We analyzed changes in the key ratios when determining the appropriate Private Education Loan allowance for loan losses.
 
Operating Expenses — Consumer Lending Segment
 
Operating expenses for our Consumer Lending segment include costs incurred to originate Private Education Loans and to service and collect on our Private Education Loan portfolio. The decreases in operating expenses in the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 were primarily the result of our cost cutting initiatives. Operating expenses, excluding restructuring-related asset impairments, were 80 basis points and 95 basis points of average Private Education Loans in the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, and 85 basis points and 92 basis points of average Private Education Loans in the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.


21


 

Business Services Segment
 
The following tables include “Core Earnings” results for our Business Services segment.
 
                                                                 
                      % Increase
 
    Quarters Ended     % Increase (Decrease)     Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30, 2011 vs.
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     Mar. 31, 2011     June 30, 2010     2011     2010     June 30, 2010  
 
Net interest income after provision
  $ 2     $ 3     $ 4       (33 )%     (50 )%   $ 5     $ 8       (38 )%
Servicing revenue:
                                                               
Intercompany loan servicing
    187       189       165       (1 )     13       376       329       14  
Third-party loan servicing
    20       21       17       (5 )     18       40       36       11  
Account asset servicing
    19       19       19                   38       35       9  
Campus Solutions
    3       7       4       (57 )     (25 )     10       12       (17 )
Guarantor servicing
    15       9       23       67       (35 )     25       61       (59 )
                                                                 
Total servicing revenue
    244       245       228             7       489       473       3  
Contingency revenue
    86       78       88       10       (2 )     164       168       (2 )
Transaction fees
    11       11       12             (8 )     20       23       (13 )
Other
                1             (100 )     1       1        
                                                                 
Total other income
    341       334       329       2       4       674       665       1  
Direct operating expenses
    121       128       133       (5 )     (9 )     249       252       (1 )
Restructuring expenses
          1       2       (100 )     (100 )     1       5       (80 )
                                                                 
Total expenses
    121       129       135       (6 )     (10 )     250       257       (3 )
                                                                 
Income from continuing operations, before income tax expense
    222       208       198       7       12       429       416       3  
Income tax expense
    82       76       71       8       15       158       149       6  
                                                                 
“Core Earnings”
  $ 140     $ 132     $ 127       6 %     10 %   $ 271     $ 267       1 %
                                                                 
 
Our Business Services segment earns intercompany loan servicing fees from servicing the FFELP Loans in our FFELP Loans segment. The average balance of this portfolio was $142 billion and $134 billion for the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and $143 billion and $133 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The increase in intercompany loan servicing revenue from the year-ago periods is primarily the result of the acquisition of the $25 billion FFELP Loan portfolio on December 31, 2010 which was partially offset by the amortization of the underlying portfolio as well as the FFELP Loans sold to ED as part of the Participation Program in 2010.
 
We are servicing approximately 3 million accounts under the ED Servicing Contract as of June 30, 2011. Loan servicing fees in the second quarter of 2011 and the second quarter of 2010 included $15 million and $10 million, respectively, of servicing revenue related to the ED Servicing Contract.
 
Account asset servicing revenue represents fees earned on program management, transfer and servicing agent services and administration services for our various 529 college-savings plans. Assets under administration in our 529 college savings plans totaled $38 billion as of June 30, 2011, a 59 percent increase from the year-ago quarter.
 
Campus Solutions revenue is earned from our Campus Solutions business whose services include comprehensive financing and transaction processing solutions that we provide to college financial aid offices and students to streamline the financial aid process.


22


 

The decrease in Guarantor servicing revenue compared with the year-ago quarter and six-month period was primarily due to the elimination of the FFELP in 2010 and our no longer earning Guarantor issuance fees as well as the lower balance of outstanding FFELP Loans on which we earn additional fees.
 
The following table presents the outstanding inventory of contingent collections receivables that our Business Services segment will collect on behalf of others.
 
                         
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010  
 
Student loans
  $ 10,475     $ 10,393     $ 9,926  
Other
    2,042       1,883       2,358  
                         
Total
  $ 12,517     $ 12,276     $ 12,284  
                         
 
Transaction fees are earned in conjunction with our rewards program from participating companies based on member purchase activity, either online or in stores, depending on the contractual arrangement with the participating company. Typically, a percentage of the purchase price of the consumer members’ eligible purchases with participating companies is set aside in an account maintained by us on behalf of our members.
 
Revenues related to services performed on FFELP Loans accounted for 79 percent and 80 percent of total segment revenues for the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, and 79 percent and 80 percent, for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
We recently launched Sallie Mae Insurances Services, which will offer directly to college students and higher education institutions tuition insurance, renters insurance and student health insurance. In conjunction with this initiative, on June 30, 2011, we acquired a 45 percent stake in Next Generation Insurance Company, a nationally licensed insurance agency. We also include a Tuition Insurance Benefit with our Smart Option Student Loan.
 
Operating Expenses — Business Services Segment
 
Operating expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 decreased from the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 primarily as a result of our cost cutting initiatives. Included in operating expenses for 2011 are approximately $12 million per quarter in third-party servicing costs associated with our acquisition of $25 billion in loans at the end of 2010. As we transition those loans onto our own servicing platform in second half of 2011 we expect the servicing costs associated with these loans to decline significantly as the loans are converted onto our servicing platform.


23


 

Other Segment
 
The following table includes “Core Earnings” results of our Other segment.
 
                                                                 
                      % Increase
 
    Quarters Ended     % Increase (Decrease)     Six Months Ended     (Decrease)  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30, 2011 vs.
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30, 2011 vs.
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     Mar. 31, 2011     June 30, 2010     2011     2010     June 30, 2010  
 
Net interest loss after provision
  $ (10 )   $ (13 )   $ (7 )     (23 )%     43 %   $ (23 )   $ (19 )     21 %
Gains on debt repurchases
          64       91       (100 )     (100 )     64       181       (65 )
Other
    3       2             50       100       6       11       (45 )
                                                                 
Total income
    3       66       91       (95 )     (97 )     70       192       (64 )
Direct operating expenses
          8       2       (100 )     (100 )     9       4       125  
Overhead expenses:
                                                               
Corporate overhead
    38       49       34       (22 )     12       87       66       32  
Unallocated information technology costs
    31       30       32       3       (3 )     61       63       (3 )
                                                                 
Total overhead expenses
    69       79       66       (13 )     5       148       129       15  
                                                                 
Operating expenses
    69       87       68       (21 )     1       157       133       18  
Restructuring expenses
    1       1                   100       1       2       (50 )
                                                                 
Total expenses
    70       88       68       (20 )     3       158       135       17  
                                                                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations, before income tax expense (benefit)
    (77 )     (35 )     16       120       (581 )     (111 )     38       (392 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (29 )     (12 )     8       142       (463 )     (41 )     18       (328 )
                                                                 
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    (48 )     (23 )     8       109       (700 )     (70 )     20       (450 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax
    11       (2 )     (7 )     650       257       10       (14 )     171  
                                                                 
“Core Earnings” (loss)
  $ (37 )   $ (25 )   $ 1       48 %     (3,800 )%   $ (60 )   $ 6       (1,100 )%
                                                                 
 
Purchased Paper Business
 
Our Purchased Paper businesses are presented as discontinued operations for the current and prior periods. (See “Consolidated Earnings Summary — GAAP-basis” for further discussion.)
 
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Purchased Paper — Non-Mortgage portfolio:
 
                         
    June 30,
  March 31,
  June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
  2011   2011   2010
 
Carrying value of purchased paper
  $ 63     $ 67     $ 207  
 
Gains on Debt Repurchases
 
We began repurchasing our outstanding debt in the second quarter of 2008. We repurchased $60 million and $1.4 billion face amount of our senior unsecured notes for the quarters ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively, and $885 million and $2.7 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Overhead
 
Corporate overhead is comprised of costs related to executive management, the board of directors, accounting, finance, legal, human resources and stock option expense. Unallocated information technology costs are related to infrastructure and operations.
 
The increase in corporate overhead for the six-month period ended June 30, 2011 compared with the six-month period ended June 30, 2010, was primarily the result of a change in the terms of our stock compensation plans and restructuring-related consulting expenses incurred in the first half of 2011. In the first


24


 

quarter of 2011, we changed our stock compensation plans so that retirement eligible employees would not forfeit unvested stock compensation upon their retirement. This change had the effect of accelerating the future stock compensation expenses associated with these unvested stock grants into the current period for those employees that are retirement-eligible. This change in terms was the primary reason for the decrease in corporate overhead of $11 million from the prior quarter.
 
Financial Condition
 
This section provides additional information regarding the changes related to our loan portfolio assets and related liabilities as well as credit performance indicators related to our Consumer Lending portfolio.
 
Subsequent to the adoption of the new consolidation accounting guidance on January 1, 2010, our GAAP and “Core Earnings” loan portfolios are identical, as all of our securitization trusts are treated as on-balance sheet for GAAP now. Hence, in referencing the total loan portfolio, ending and average loan balances, provision for loan losses and charge-offs, we no longer distinguish between the two as they are the same, unless otherwise noted.
 
Summary of our Student Loan Portfolio
 
Ending Student Loan Balances, net
 
                                         
    June 30, 2011  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
Total student loan portfolio:
                                       
In-school
  $ 4,109     $     $ 4,109     $ 2,341     $ 6,450  
Grace and repayment
    47,933       89,006       136,939       35,176       172,115  
                                         
Total, gross
    52,042       89,006       141,048       37,517       178,565  
Unamortized premium/(discount)
    901       875       1,776       (861 )     915  
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
                      1,140       1,140  
Allowance for losses
    (119 )     (70 )     (189 )     (2,043 )     (2,232 )
                                         
Total student loan portfolio
  $ 52,824     $ 89,811     $ 142,635     $ 35,753     $ 178,388  
                                         
% of total FFELP
    37 %     63 %     100 %                
% of total
    30 %     50 %     80 %     20 %     100 %
 
                                         
    March 31, 2011  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
Total student loan portfolio:
                                       
In-school
  $ 6,073     $     $ 6,073     $ 3,412     $ 9,485  
Grace and repayment
    47,477       90,366       137,843       34,374       172,217  
                                         
Total, gross
    53,550       90,366       143,916       37,786       181,702  
Unamortized premium/(discount)
    937       895       1,832       (876 )     956  
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
                      1,090       1,090  
Allowance for losses
    (121 )     (69 )     (190 )     (2,034 )     (2,224 )
                                         
Total student loan portfolio
  $ 54,366     $ 91,192     $ 145,558     $ 35,966     $ 181,524  
                                         
% of total FFELP
    37 %     63 %     100 %                
% of total
    30 %     50 %     80 %     20 %     100 %
 


25


 

                                         
    June 30, 2010  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
       
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Total  
 
Total student loan portfolio:
                                       
In-school
  $ 19,002     $     $ 19,002     $ 4,643     $ 23,645  
Grace and repayment
    47,422       79,509       126,931       32,567       159,498  
                                         
Total, gross
    66,424       79,509       145,933       37,210       183,143  
Unamortized premium/(discount)
    1,155       1,593       2,748       (905 )     1,843  
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
                      888       888  
Allowance for losses
    (122 )     (67 )     (189 )     (2,042 )     (2,231 )
                                         
Total student loan portfolio
  $ 67,457     $ 81,035     $ 148,492     $ 35,151     $ 183,643  
                                         
% of total FFELP
    45 %     55 %     100 %                
% of total
    37 %     44 %     81 %     19 %     100 %
 
Average Student Loan Balances (net of unamortized premium/discount)
 
                                         
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2011
    FFELP
  FFELP
      Private
   
    Stafford and
  Consolidation
  Total
  Education
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Other   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
 
Total
  $ 53,667     $ 90,332     $ 143,999     $ 36,784     $ 180,783  
% of FFELP
    37 %     63 %     100 %                
% of total
    30 %     50 %     80 %     20 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Quarter Ended March 31, 2011
    FFELP
  FFELP
      Private
   
    Stafford and
  Consolidation
  Total
  Education
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Other   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
 
Total
  $ 55,535     $ 91,846     $ 147,381     $ 37,006     $ 184,387  
% of FFELP
    38 %     62 %     100 %                
% of total
    30 %     50 %     80 %     20 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Quarter Ended June 30, 2010
    FFELP
  FFELP
      Private
   
    Stafford and
  Consolidation
  Total
  Education
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Other   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
 
Total
  $ 66,488     $ 81,613     $ 148,101     $ 36,470     $ 184,571  
% of FFELP
    45 %     55 %     100 %                
% of total
    36 %     44 %     80 %     20 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2011
    FFELP
  FFELP
      Private
   
    Stafford and
  Consolidation
  Total
  Education
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Other   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
 
Total
  $ 54,597     $ 91,084     $ 145,681     $ 36,894     $ 182,575  
% of FFELP
    37 %     63 %     100 %                
% of total
    30 %     50 %     80 %     20 %     100 %
 
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2010
    FFELP
  FFELP
      Private
   
    Stafford and
  Consolidation
  Total
  Education
   
(Dollars in millions)
  Other   Loans   FFELP   Loans   Total
 
Total
  $ 64,339     $ 82,147     $ 146,486     $ 36,574     $ 183,060  
% of FFELP
    44 %     56 %     100 %                
% of total
    35 %     45 %     80 %     20 %     100 %

26


 

Student Loan Activity
 
                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2011  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 54,366     $ 91,192     $ 145,558     $ 35,966     $ 181,524  
Acquisitions and originations
    190       58       248       292       540  
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization
    360       370       730       330       1,060  
Consolidations to third parties
    (730 )     (280 )     (1,010 )     (15 )     (1,025 )
Sales
    (192 )           (192 )           (192 )
Repayments/defaults/other
    (1,170 )     (1,529 )     (2,699 )     (820 )     (3,519 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 52,824     $ 89,811     $ 142,635     $ 35,753     $ 178,388  
                                         
 
                                         
    Three Months Ended March 31, 2011  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 56,252     $ 92,397     $ 148,649     $ 35,656     $ 184,305  
Acquisitions and originations
    103       247       350       929       1,279  
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization
    322       371       693       294       987  
Consolidations to third parties
    (851 )     (278 )     (1,129 )     (17 )     (1,146 )
Sales
    (189 )           (189 )           (189 )
Repayments/defaults/other
    (1,271 )     (1,545 )     (2,816 )     (896 )     (3,712 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 54,366     $ 91,192     $ 145,558     $ 35,966     $ 181,524  
                                         
 
                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2010  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 64,346     $ 82,178     $ 146,524     $ 35,362     $ 181,886  
Acquisitions and originations
    4,935             4,935       252       5,187  
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization
    336       349       685       365       1,050  
Consolidations to third parties
    (480 )     (207 )     (687 )     (10 )     (697 )
Sales
    (90 )           (90 )           (90 )
Repayments/defaults/other
    (1,590 )     (1,285 )     (2,875 )     (818 )     (3,693 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 67,457     $ 81,035     $ 148,492     $ 35,151     $ 183,643  
                                         
 


27


 

                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2011  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance
  $ 56,252     $ 92,397     $ 148,649     $ 35,656     $ 184,305  
Acquisitions and originations
    293       305       598       1,221       1,819  
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization
    682       741       1,423       624       2,047  
Consolidations to third parties
    (1,581 )     (558 )     (2,139 )     (32 )     (2,171 )
Sales
    (381 )           (381 )           (381 )
Repayments/defaults/other
    (2,441 )     (3,074 )     (5,515 )     (1,716 )     (7,231 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 52,824     $ 89,811     $ 142,635     $ 35,753     $ 178,388  
                                         
 
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2010  
    FFELP
    FFELP
          Total Private
       
    Stafford and
    Consolidation
    Total
    Education
    Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Other     Loans     FFELP     Loans     Portfolio  
 
Beginning balance — GAAP-basis
  $ 52,675     $ 68,379     $ 121,054     $ 22,753     $ 143,807  
Consolidation of off-balance sheet loans(1)
    5,500       14,797       20,297       12,341       32,638  
                                         
Beginning balance — total portfolio
    58,175       83,176       141,351       35,094       176,445  
Acquisitions and originations
    13,132             13,132       1,062       14,194  
Capitalized interest and premium/discount amortization
    598       684       1,282       677       1,959  
Consolidations to third parties
    (947 )     (374 )     (1,321 )     (22 )     (1,343 )
Sales
    (166 )           (166 )           (166 )
Repayments/defaults/other
    (3,335 )     (2,451 )     (5,786 )     (1,660 )     (7,446 )
                                         
Ending balance
  $ 67,457     $ 81,035     $ 148,492     $ 35,151     $ 183,643  
                                         
 
 
(1) On January 1, 2010, upon the adoption of the new consolidation accounting guidance, all off-balance sheet loans are included in the GAAP-basis.
 
Private Education Loan Originations
 
Total Private Education Loan originations increased 21 percent from the year-ago quarter to $264 million in the quarter ended June 30, 2011 and 14 percent in the first six months of 2011 compared with the year-ago period.
 
The following table summarizes our Private Education Loan originations.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended   Six Months Ended
    June 30,
  March 31,
  June 30,
  June 30,
  June 30,
(Dollars in millions)
  2011   2011   2010   2011   2010
 
Private Education Loan originations
  $ 264     $ 940     $ 219     $ 1,204     $ 1,058  
                                         

28


 

Consumer Lending Portfolio Performance
 
Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance
 
                                                 
    Private Education Loan Delinquencies  
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
    2011     2011     2010  
(Dollars in millions)
  Balance     %     Balance     %     Balance     %  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment(1)
  $ 7,216             $ 8,323             $ 10,051          
Loans in forbearance(2)
    1,430               1,343               1,437          
Loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
                                               
Loans current
    25,994       90.0 %     25,195       89.6 %     22,669       88.2 %
Loans delinquent 31-60 days(3)
    963       3.4       930       3.3       948       3.7  
Loans delinquent 61-90 days(3)
    575       2.0       564       2.0       604       2.3  
Loans delinquent greater than 90 days(3)
    1,339       4.6       1,431       5.1       1,501       5.8  
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans in repayment
    28,871       100.0 %     28,120       100.0 %     25,722       100.0 %
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans, gross
    37,517               37,786               37,210          
Private Education Loan unamortized discount
    (861 )             (876 )             (905 )        
                                                 
Total Private Education Loans
    36,656               36,910               36,305          
Private Education Loan receivable for partially charged-off loans
    1,140               1,090               888          
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    (2,043 )             (2,034 )             (2,042 )        
                                                 
Private Education Loans, net
  $ 35,753             $ 35,966             $ 35,151          
                                                 
Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            77.0 %             74.4 %             69.1 %
                                                 
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
            10.0 %             10.4 %             11.9 %
                                                 
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
            4.7 %             4.6 %             5.3 %
                                                 
Loans in repayment greater than 12 months as a percentage of loans in repayment(4)
            66.0 %             66.2 %             58.4 %
                                                 
 
 
(1) Loans for borrowers who may still be attending school or engaging in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation.
 
(2) Loans for borrowers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have temporarily ceased making payments due to hardship or other factors, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.
 
(3) The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.
 
(4) Based on number of months in an active repayment status for which a scheduled monthly payment was due.


29


 

 
Allowance for Private Education Loan Losses
 
The following table summarizes changes in the allowance for Private Education Loan losses for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    Mar. 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
Allowance at beginning of period — GAAP-basis
  $ 2,034     $ 2,021     $ 2,019     $ 2,022     $ 1,443  
Consolidation of off-balance sheet loans(1)
                            524  
                                         
Allowance at beginning of period — total portfolio
    2,034       2,021       2,019       2,022       1,967  
Provision for Private Education Loan losses
    265       275       349       540       674  
Charge-offs
    (263 )     (273 )     (336 )     (537 )     (620 )
Reclassification of interest reserve
    7       11       10       18       21  
                                         
Allowance at end of period
  $ 2,043     $ 2,034     $ 2,042     $ 2,043     $ 2,042  
                                         
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    3.7 %     3.9 %     5.3 %     3.8 %     5.0 %
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment and forbearance (annualized)
    3.5 %     3.8 %     5.1 %     3.6 %     4.8 %
Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance
    5.3 %     5.2 %     5.4 %     5.3 %     5.4 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    7.1 %     7.2 %     7.9 %     7.1 %     7.9 %
Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)
    1.9       1.8       1.5       1.9       1.6  
Ending total loans(2)
  $ 38,657     $ 38,876     $ 38,098     $ 38,657     $ 38,098  
Average loans in repayment
  $ 28,489     $ 28,127     $ 25,179     $ 28,309     $ 24,914  
Ending loans in repayment
  $ 28,871     $ 28,120     $ 25,722     $ 28,871     $ 25,722  
 
 
(1) On January 1, 2010, upon the adoption of the new consolidation accounting guidance, all off-balance sheet loans are included in the GAAP-basis.
 
(2) Ending total loans represents gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.


30


 

 
The following table provides detail for the traditional and non-traditional Private Education Loans at June 30, 2011, December 31, 2010 and June 30, 2010.
 
                                                                         
    June 30, 2011     March 31, 2011     June 30, 2010  
          Non-
                Non-
                Non-
       
(Dollars in millions)
  Traditional     Traditional     Total     Traditional     Traditional     Total     Traditional     Traditional     Total  
 
Ending total loans(1)
  $ 34,419     $ 4,238     $ 38,657     $ 34,563     $ 4,313     $ 38,876     $ 33,541     $ 4,557     $ 38,098  
Ending loans in repayment
    26,134       2,738       28,872       25,401       2,719       28,120       22,898       2,824       25,722  
Private Education Loan allowance for losses
    1,363       680       2,043       1,298       736       2,034       1,168       874       2,042  
Charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized)
    2.8 %     12.5 %     3.7 %     2.9 %     13.4 %     3.9 %     3.7 %     18.7 %     5.3 %
Allowance as a percentage of total ending loan balance
    4.0 %     16.0 %     5.3 %     3.8 %     17.1 %     5.2 %     3.5 %     19.2 %     5.4 %
Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in repayment
    5.2 %     24.8 %     7.1 %     5.1 %     27.1 %     7.2 %     5.1 %     31.0 %     7.9 %
Average coverage of charge-offs (annualized)
    1.9       2.0       1.9       1.8       2.0       1.8       1.4       1.7       1.5  
Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    8.3 %     25.9 %     10.0 %     8.7 %     26.4 %     10.4 %     9.7 %     29.6 %     11.9 %
Delinquencies greater than 90 days as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment
    3.7 %     13.2 %     4.6 %     4.1 %     14.4 %     5.1 %     4.6 %     16.1 %     5.8 %
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    4.5 %     7.0 %     4.7 %     4.4 %     6.5 %     4.6 %     5.1 %     7.2 %     5.3 %
Loans that entered repayment during the period(2)
  $ 1,010     $ 103     $ 1,113     $ 1,519     $ 86     $ 1,605     $ 1,339     $ 153     $ 1,492  
Percentage of Private Education Loans with a cosigner
    64 %     29 %     60 %     64 %     29 %     60 %     62 %     28 %     58 %
Average FICO at origination
    725       624       716       725       623       716       725       623       714  
 
 
(1) Ending total loans represents gross Private Education Loans, plus the receivable for partially charged-off loans.
 
(2) Includes loans that are required to make a payment for the first time.


31


 

 
The tables below show the composition and status of the Private Education Loan portfolio aged by number of months in active repayment status (months for which a scheduled monthly payment was due). As indicated in the tables, the percentage of loans in forbearance status decreases the longer the loans have been in active repayment status. At June 30, 2011, loans in forbearance status as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance were 6.8 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for less than 25 months. The percentage drops to 1.3 percent for loans that have been in active repayment status for more than 48 months. Approximately 83 percent of our “Core Earnings” basis Private Education Loans in forbearance status has been in active repayment status less than 25 months.
 
                                                         
(Dollars in millions)
  Monthly Scheduled Payments Due     Not Yet in
       
June 30, 2011
  1 to 12     13 to 24     25 to 36     37 to 48     More than 48     Repayment     Total  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment
  $     $     $     $     $     $ 7,216     $ 7,216  
Loans in forbearance
    990       200       118       57       65             1,430  
Loans in repayment — current
    8,254       5,844       4,131       3,040       4,725             25,994  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days
    487       192       127       65       92             963  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days
    327       108       66       32       42             575  
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days
    735       281       150       73       100             1,339  
                                                         
Total
  $ 10,793     $ 6,625     $ 4,592     $ 3,267     $ 5,024     $ 7,216       37,517  
                                                         
Unamortized discount
                                                    (861 )
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
                                                    1,140  
Allowance for loan losses
                                                    (2,043 )
                                                         
Total Private Education Loans, net
                                                  $ 35,753  
                                                         
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    9.2 %     3.0 %     2.6 %     1.8 %     1.3 %     %     4.7 %
                                                         
 
                                                         
(Dollars in millions)
  Monthly Scheduled Payments Due     Not Yet in
       
March 31, 2011
  1 to 12     13 to 24     25 to 36     37 to 48     More than 48     Repayment     Total  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment
  $     $     $     $     $     $ 8,323     $ 8,323  
Loans in forbearance
    967       172       99       48       57             1,343  
Loans in repayment — current
    7,912       5,883       4,136       2,864       4,400             25,195  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days
    460       201       122       62       85             930  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days
    336       104       57       28       39             564  
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days
    803       304       150       73       101             1,431  
                                                         
Total
  $ 10,478     $ 6,664     $ 4,564     $ 3,075     $ 4,682     $ 8,323       37,786  
                                                         
Unamortized discount
                                                    (876 )
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
                                                    1,090  
Allowance for loan losses
                                                    (2,034 )
                                                         
Total Private Education Loans, net
                                                  $ 35,966  
                                                         
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    9.2 %     2.6 %     2.2 %     1.6 %     1.2 %     %     4.6 %
                                                         
 


32


 

                                                         
(Dollars in millions)
  Monthly Scheduled Payments Due     Not Yet in
       
June 30, 2010
  1 to 12     13 to 24     25 to 36     37 to 48     More than 48     Repayment     Total  
 
Loans in-school/grace/deferment
  $     $     $     $     $     $ 10,051     $ 10,051  
Loans in forbearance
    1,087       175       86       41       48             1,437  
Loans in repayment — current
    8,761       4,791       3,521       2,311       3,285             22,669  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 31-60 days
    563       174       94       50       67             948  
Loans in repayment — delinquent 61-90 days
    395       101       49       26       33             604  
Loans in repayment — delinquent greater than 90 days
    975       282       112       55       77             1,501  
                                                         
Total
  $ 11,781     $ 5,523     $ 3,862     $ 2,483     $ 3,510     $ 10,051       37,210  
                                                         
Unamortized discount
                                                    (905 )
Receivable for partially charged-off loans
                                                    888  
Allowance for loan losses
                                                    (2,042 )
                                                         
Total Private Education Loans, net
                                                  $ 35,151  
                                                         
Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance
    9.2 %     3.2 %     2.2 %     1.7 %     1.4 %     %     5.3 %
                                                         
 
As we have obtained further experience about the effectiveness of forbearance, we have reduced the amount of time a loan will spend in forbearance, thereby increasing our ongoing contact with the borrower to encourage consistent repayment behavior once the loan is returned to a current repayment status. As a result, the balance of loans in a forbearance status as of month-end has decreased since 2008. The monthly average number of loans granted forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance increased to 5.0 percent in the second quarter of 2011 compared with the year-ago quarter of 4.5 percent. As of June 30, 2011, 2.5 percent of loans in current status were delinquent as of the end of the prior month, but were granted a forbearance that made them current as of June 30, 2011 (borrowers made payments on approximately 20 percent of these loans immediately prior to being granted forbearance).
 
Receivable for Partially Charged-Off Private Education Loans
 
At the end of each month, for loans that are 212 days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this remaining loan balance as the “receivable for partially charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through provision expense with an offsetting reduction in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered.

33


 

The following table summarizes the activity in the receivable for partially charged-off Private Education Loans for the quarters ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                                         
    Quarters Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30,
    Mar. 31,
    June 30,
    June 30,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
Receivable at beginning of period — GAAP-basis
  $ 1,090     $ 1,039     $ 797     $ 1,039     $ 499  
Consolidation of off-balance sheet trusts(1)
                            229  
                                         
Receivable at beginning of period
    1,090       1,039       797       1,039       728  
Expected future recoveries of current period defaults(2)
    94       98       121       192       222  
Recoveries(3)
    (37 )     (40 )     (24 )     (77 )     (49 )
Charge-offs(4)
    (7 )     (7 )     (6 )     (14 )     (13 )
                                         
Receivable at end of period
  $ 1,140     $ 1,090     $ 888     $ 1,140     $ 888  
                                         
 
 
(1) Upon the adoption of the new consolidation accounting guidance on January 1, 2010, we consolidated all of our off-balance sheet securitization trusts.
 
(2) Remaining loan balance expected to be collected from contractual loan balances partially charged off during the period. This is the difference between the defaulted loan balance and the amount of the defaulted loan balance that was charged off.
 
(3) Current period cash collections of amounts originally expected to be recovered.
 
(4) Represents the current period recovery shortfall. This is the difference between what was expected to be collected and what was actually collected.
 
Funding, Liquidity and Capital
 
We expect to fund our ongoing liquidity needs, including the origination of new Private Education Loans and the repayment of $2.5 billion of senior unsecured notes to mature in the next twelve months, primarily through our current cash and investment position and very predictable operating cash flows provided by earnings and repayment of principal on unencumbered student loan assets, distributions from our securitization trusts (including servicing fees which are priority payments within the trusts), as well as drawdowns under the FFELP ABCP Facilities and the facility with the Federal Home Loan Bank in Des Moines (the “FHLB-DM Facility”), the issuance of term ABS, the collection of additional term bank deposits and the issuance of unsecured debt.
 
Currently, new Private Education Loan originations are initially funded through deposits and subsequently securitized to term on a programmatic basis. We have $1.4 billion of cash at the Bank as of June 30, 2011 available to fund future originations.


34


 

Sources of Liquidity and Available Capacity
 
The following tables detail our main sources of primary liquidity and our main sources of secondary liquidity (unused secured credit facilities contingent upon obtaining eligible collateral) outstanding at June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 and the average balances for the three months ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010 and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
                         
    As of  
(Dollars in millions)
  June 30, 2011     March, 31, 2011     December 31, 2010  
 
Sources of primary liquidity:
                       
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 4,145     $ 3,872     $ 4,342  
Investments
    83       79       85  
                         
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments(1)
  $ 4,228     $ 3,951     $ 4,427  
Unencumbered FFELP Loans
  $ 855     $ 2,387     $ 1,441  
Sources of secondary liquidity contingent on obtaining eligible collateral:
                       
Unused secured credit facilities: FFELP ABCP Facilities and FHLB-DM Facility(2)
  $ 10,728     $ 11,686     $ 12,601  
 
 
(1) At June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, ending balances include $1.4 billion, $1.1 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, of cash and liquid investments at the Bank. This cash will be used primarily to originate or acquire student loans.
 
(2) Current borrowing capacity under the FFELP ABCP Facilities and FHLB-DM Facility is determined based on qualifying collateral from the unencumbered FFELP Loans reported in primary liquidity above. Additional borrowing capacity would primarily be used to fund FFELP Loan portfolio acquisitions and to refinance FFELP Loans used as collateral in the ED Conduit Program Facility. The total amount we can borrow is contingent upon obtaining eligible collateral. If we use our unencumbered FFELP Loans as collateral to borrow against these facilities, the remaining amount we could borrow is reduced accordingly.
 
                                         
    Average Balances
             
    Quarters Ended     Average Balances
 
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
(Dollars in millions)
  2011     2011     2010     2011     2010  
 
Sources of primary liquidity:
                                       
Unrestricted cash and liquid investments:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 3,404     $ 4,231     $ 6,311     $ 3,815     $ 6,162  
Investments
    101       78       99       90       101  
                                         
Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments(1)
  $ 3,505     $ 4,309     $ 6,410     $ 3,905     $ 6,263  
Unused bank lines of credit
  $     $     $ 2,298     $     $ 2,889  
Unencumbered FFELP Loans
  $ 1,673     $ 2,180     $ 1,995     $ 1,925     $ 2,092  
Sources of secondary liquidity contingent on obtaining eligible collateral:
                                       
Unused secured credit facilities: FFELP ABCP Facilities and FHLB-DM Facility(2)
  $ 11,408     $ 12,046     $ 13,728     $ 11,725     $ 11,983  
 
 
(1) For the three months ended June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010, average balances include $1.0 billion, $1.4 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively, of cash and liquid investments at the Bank. For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, average balances include $1.2 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, of cash and liquid investments at the Bank.
 
(2) Current borrowing capacity under the FFELP ABCP Facilities and FHLB-DM Facility is based on qualifying collateral from the unencumbered FFELP Loans reported in primary liquidity above. Additional borrowing capacity would primarily be used to fund FFELP Loan portfolio acquisitions and to refinance FFELP Loans used as collateral in the ED Conduit Program Facility. The total amount we can borrow is contingent upon obtaining eligible collateral. If we use our unencumbered FFELP Loans as collateral to borrow against these facilities, the remaining amount we could borrow is reduced accordingly.


35


 

 
In addition to the assets listed in the table above, we hold a number of other unencumbered assets, consisting primarily of Private Education Loans and other assets. At June 30, 2011, we had a total of $21.4 billion of unencumbered assets (which includes the assets that comprise our primary liquidity and are available to serve as collateral for our secondary liquidity), excluding goodwill and acquired intangibles. Total student loans, net, comprised $11.4 billion of our unencumbered assets of which $10.5 billion and $.9 billion related to Private Education Loans, net and FFELP Loans, net, respectively.
 
The following table reconciles encumbered and unencumbered assets and their net impact on total tangible equity.
 
                         
    June 30,
    March 31,
    June 30,
 
(Dollars in billions)
  2011     2011     2010  
 
Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities (encumbered assets)
  $ 12.4     $ 12.6     $ 13.1  
Tangible unencumbered assets(1)
    21.4       24.1       26.7  
Unsecured debt
    (24.9 )     (27.3 )     (31.7 )
Mark-to-market on unsecured hedged debt(2)
    (1.6 )     (1.4 )     (1.5 )
Other liabilities, net
    (2.8 )     (3.3 )     (1.5 )
                         
Total tangible equity
  $ 4.5     $ 4.7     $ 5.1  
                         
 
 
(1) Excludes goodwill and acquired intangible assets.
 
(2) At June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010, there were $1.4 billion, $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, of net gains on derivatives hedging this debt in unencumbered assets, which partially offset these losses.
 
“Core Earnings” Basis Borrowings
 
The following table presents the ending balances of our “Core Earnings” basis borrowings at June 30, 2011, March 31, 2011 and June 30, 2010.
 
                                                                         
    June 30, 2011     March 31, 2011     June 30, 2010  
                Total
                Total
                Total
 
                ‘‘Core
                ‘‘Core
                ‘‘Core
 
    Short
    Long
    Earnings”
    Short
    Long
    Earnings”
    Short
    Long
    Earnings”
 
(Dollars in millions)
  Term     Term     Basis     Term     Term     Basis     Term     Term     Basis  
 
Unsecured borrowings:
                                                                       
Senior unsecured debt
  $ 2,464     $ 16,787     $ 19,251     $ 3,741     $ 16,894     $ 20,635     $ 5,544     $ 19,681     $ 25,225  
Brokered deposits
    1,550       1,654       3,204       1,324       2,808       4,132       1,687       3,291       4,978  
Retail and other deposits
    1,487             1,487       1,500             1,500       432             432  
Other(1)
    1,004             1,004       1,064             1,064       1,095             1,095  
                                                                         
Total unsecured borrowings
    6,505       18,441       24,946       7,629       19,702       27,331       8,758       22,972       31,730  
                                                                         
Secured borrowings:
                                                                       
FFELP Loans securitizations
          109,524       109,524             111,042       111,042             99,959       99,959  
Private Education Loans securitizations
          21,815       21,815             20,983       20,983             21,414       21,414  
ED Conduit Program facility
    22,756             22,756       23,573             23,573       15,873             15,873  
ED Participation Program facility
                                        19,856             19,856  
ABCP borrowings
    314       5,000       5,314       325       4,671       4,996       1,238       5,000       6,238  
Acquisition financing(2)
          1,010       1,010             1,064       1,064                    
FHLB-DM facility
    1,000             1,000       525             525       575             575  
Indentured trusts
          1,125       1,125             1,187       1,187       47       1,415       1,462  
                                                                         
Total secured borrowings
    24,070       138,474       162,544       24,423       138,947       163,370       37,589       127,788       165,377  
                                                                         
Total
  $ 30,575     $ 156,915     $ 187,490     $ 32,052     $ 158,649     $ 190,701     $ 46,347     $ 150,760     $ 197,107  
                                                                         
 
 
(1) “Other” primarily consists of cash collateral held related to derivative exposures that are recorded as a short-term debt obligation.
 
(2) Seller financing related to the acquisition of $25 billion of student loans.


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Transactions during the Second-Quarter 2011
 
On June 30, 2011, we completed an $825 million Private Education Loan ABS transaction at an all-in LIBOR equivalent cost of one-month LIBOR plus 1.89 percent. This issue has a weighted average life of 4.0 years and an initial overcollateralization of approximately 18 percent.
 
On May 26, 2011, we completed an $821 million FFELP ABS transaction at an all-in LIBOR equivalent cost of one-month LIBOR plus 1.15 percent. This issue has a weighted average life of 5.8 years and an initial overcollateralization of approximately 3 percent.
 
On April 26, 2011, we completed a $562 million Private Education Loan ABS transaction at an all-in LIBOR equivalent cost of one-month LIBOR plus 1.99 percent. This issue has a weighted average life of 3.8 years and an initial overcollateralization of approximately 21 percent.
 
We also repurchase our outstanding unsecured debt in both open-market repurchases and public tender offers. Repurchasing debt helps us to better manage our short-term and long-term funding needs by utilizing current excess liquidity to reduce future obligations related to our unsecured borrowings at favorable pricing. In the second quarter of 2011 we repurchased $60 million face amount of our senior unsecured notes in the aggregate, with maturity dates ranging from 2011 to 2014, which resulted in a total gain of $0.3 million.
 
In the second-quarter 2011, we utilized $156 million to repurchase 9.6 million common shares on the open market as part of our $300 million share repurchase program announced in April. We declared and paid a $.10 per share dividend during the second quarter of 2011.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Standards — Troubled Debt Restructurings
 
In April 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2011-02, Receivables (Topic 310), “A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring Is a Troubled Debt Restructuring.” This new guidance clarifies when a loan restructuring constitutes a trouble debt restructuring. Under the new guidance, student loans for which we have granted concessions may now be considered troubled debt restructurings that were previously not and this may require us to increase the amount of our allowance for loan losses. This guidance is effective July 1, 2011, applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. The most likely effect of implementing this new guidance would be to increase the size of our allowance for losses. At this time we have not completed the estimate of the change in our allowance for loan losses that could result from implementing this new guidance.


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